Abducens nerve. Medical search

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. The nerve may be damaged by closed or penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA or by facial trauma involving the orbit.

A syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye. Clinical features include MIOSIS; mild BLEPHAROPTOSIS; and hemifacial ANHIDROSIS (decreased sweating)(see HYPOHIDROSIS). Lesions of the BRAIN STEM; cervical SPINAL CORD; first thoracic nerve root; apex of the LUNG; CAROTID ARTERY; CAVERNOUS SINUS; and apex of the ORBIT may cause this condition. (From Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, pp500-11)

An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone.

A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.

The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye.

Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.

A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.

Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves.

Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the OCULOMOTOR NERVE.

A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Properties of conditioned abducens nerve responses in a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle. (1/125)

Previous work suggested that the cerebellum and red nucleus are not necessary for the acquisition, extinction, and reacquistion of the in vitro classically conditioned abducens nerve response in the turtle. These findings are extended in the present study by obtaining conditioned responses (CRs) in preparations that received a partial ablation of the brain stem circuitry. In addition to removing all tissue rostral to and including the midbrain and cerebellum, a transection was made just caudal to the emergence of the IXth nerve. Such ablations result in a 4-mm-thick section of brain stem tissue that functionally eliminates the sustained component of the unconditioned response (UR) while leaving only a phasic component. We refer to this region of brain stem tissue caudal to the IXth nerve as the "caudal premotor blink region." Neural discharge was recorded from the abducens nerve following a single shock unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve. When the US was paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS) applied to the posterior eighth, or auditory, nerve using a delay conditioning paradigm, a positive slope of CR acquisition was recorded in the abducens nerve, and CR extinction was recorded when the stimuli were alternated. Resumption of paired stimuli resulted in reacquisition. Quantitative analysis of the CRs in preparations in which the caudal premotor blink region had been removed and those with cerebellar/red nucleus lesions showed that both types of preparations had abnormally short latency CR onsets compared with preparations in which these regions were intact. Preparations with brain stem transections had significantly earlier CR offsets as more CRs terminated as short bursts when compared with intact or cerebellar lesioned preparations. These data suggest that a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle can be classically conditioned. Furthermore, the caudal brain stem is not a site of acquisition in this reduced preparation, but it contributes to the sustained activity of both the UR and CR. Finally, the unusually short CR onset latencies following lesions to the cerebellum are not further exacerbated by removal of the caudal brain stem. These studies suggest that convergence of CS and US synaptic inputs onto the abducens nerve reflex circuitry may underlie acquisition in this reduced preparation, but that mechanisms that control learned CR timing arise from the cerebellorubral system. (+info)

Discharge profiles of abducens, accessory abducens, and orbicularis oculi motoneurons during reflex and conditioned blinks in alert cats. (2/125)

The discharge profiles of identified abducens, accessory abducens, and orbicularis oculi motoneurons have been recorded extra- and intracellularly in alert behaving cats during spontaneous, reflexively evoked, and classically conditioned eyelid responses. The movement of the upper lid and the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle also were recorded. Animals were conditioned by short, weak air puffs or 350-ms tones as conditioned stimuli (CS) and long, strong air puffs as unconditioned stimulus (US) using both trace and delayed conditioning paradigms. Motoneurons were identified by antidromic activation from their respective cranial nerves. Orbicularis oculi and accessory abducens motoneurons fired an early, double burst of action potentials (at 4-6 and 10-16 ms) in response to air puffs or to the electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Orbicularis oculi, but not accessory abducens, motoneurons fired in response to flash and tone presentations. Only 10-15% of recorded abducens motoneurons fired a late, weak burst after air puff, supraorbital nerve, and flash stimulations. Spontaneous fasciculations of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the activity of single orbicularis oculi motoneurons that generated them also were recorded. The activation of orbicularis oculi motoneurons during the acquisition of classically conditioned eyelid responses happened in a gradual, sequential manner. Initially, some putative excitatory synaptic potentials were observed in the time window corresponding to the CS-US interval; by the second to the fourth conditioning session, some isolated action potentials appeared that increased in number until some small movements were noticed in eyelid position traces. No accessory abducens motoneuron fired and no abducens motoneuron modified their discharge rate for conditioned eyelid responses. The firing of orbicularis oculi motoneurons was related linearly to lid velocity during reflex blinks but to lid position during conditioned responses, a fact indicating the different neural origin and coding of both types of motor commands. The power spectra of both reflex and conditioned lid responses showed a dominant peak at approximately 20 Hz. The wavy appearance of both reflex and conditioned eyelid responses was clearly the result of the high phasic activity of orbicularis oculi motor units. Orbicularis oculi motoneuron membrane potentials oscillated at approximately 20 Hz after supraorbital nerve stimulation and during other reflex and conditioned eyelid movements. The oscillation seemed to be the result of both intrinsic (spike afterhyperpolarization lasting approximately 50 ms, and late depolarizations) and extrinsic properties of the motoneuronal pool and of the circuits involved in eye blinks. (+info)

Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma--case report. (3/125)

A 40-year-old female presented with cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma manifesting as left abducens and trigeminal nerve pareses. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left cavernous sinus tumor. The tumor was partially removed. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed cavernous hemangioma. Radiosurgery was performed using the gamma knife. The tumor markedly decreased in size after radiosurgery and morbidity was avoided. Cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas may be difficult to treat surgically due to intraoperative bleeding and cranial nerve injury. Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used either as an adjunct treatment to craniotomy, or as the primary treatment for small cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma. (+info)

Neuro-Behcet's disease presenting with isolated unilateral lateral rectus muscle palsy. (4/125)

The authors present the clinical findings of a 30-year-old female and a 29-year-old male who both had isolated unilateral lateral rectus muscle palsy in neuro-Behcet's disease. The clinical feature related to isolated abduscens nerve palsy was identified by CT, systemic assessment and extraocular examination. These patients' constellation of findings appear to be unique: it does not follow any previously reported pattern of ocular manifestations of neuro-Behcet's disease. (+info)

Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements. (5/125)

The mechanics of the eyeball and its surrounding tissues, which together form the oculomotor plant, have been shown to be the same for smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Hence it was postulated that similar signals would be carried by motoneurons during slow and rapid eye movements. In the present study, we directly addressed this proposal by determining which eye movement-based models best describe the discharge dynamics of primate abducens neurons during a variety of eye movement behaviors. We first characterized abducens neuron spike trains, as has been classically done, during fixation and sinusoidal smooth pursuit. We then systematically analyzed the discharge dynamics of abducens neurons during and following saccades, during step-ramp pursuit and during high velocity slow-phase vestibular nystagmus. We found that the commonly utilized first-order description of abducens neuron firing rates (FR = b + kE + r, where FR is firing rate, E and are eye position and velocity, respectively, and b, k, and r are constants) provided an adequate model of neuronal activity during saccades, smooth pursuit, and slow phase vestibular nystagmus. However, the use of a second-order model, which included an exponentially decaying term or "slide" (FR = b + kE + r + uE - c), notably improved our ability to describe neuronal activity when the eye was moving and also enabled us to model abducens neuron discharges during the postsaccadic interval. We also found that, for a given model, a single set of parameters could not be used to describe neuronal firing rates during both slow and rapid eye movements. Specifically, the eye velocity and position coefficients (r and k in the above models, respectively) consistently decreased as a function of the mean (and peak) eye velocity that was generated. In contrast, the bias (b, firing rate when looking straight ahead) invariably increased with eye velocity. Although these trends are likely to reflect, in part, nonlinearities that are intrinsic to the extraocular muscles, we propose that these results can also be explained by considering the time-varying resistance to movement that is generated by the antagonist muscle. We conclude that to create realistic and meaningful models of the neural control of horizontal eye movements, it is essential to consider the activation of the antagonist, as well as agonist motoneuron pools. (+info)

Apparent dissociation between saccadic eye movements and the firing patterns of premotor neurons and motoneurons. (6/125)

Saccadic eye movements result from high-frequency bursts of activity in ocular motoneurons. This phasic activity originates in premotor burst neurons. When the head is restrained, the number of action potentials in the bursts of burst neurons and motoneurons increases linearly with eye movement amplitude. However, when the head is unrestrained, the number of action potentials now increase as a function of the change in the direction of the line of sight during eye movements of relatively similar amplitudes. These data suggest an apparent uncoupling of premotor neuron and motoneuron activity from the resultant eye movement. (+info)

Early components of the human vestibulo-ocular response to head rotation: latency and gain. (7/125)

To characterize vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) properties in the time window in which contributions by other systems are minimal, eye movements during the first 50-100 ms after the start of transient angular head accelerations ( approximately 1000 degrees /s(2)) imposed by a torque helmet were analyzed in normal human subjects. Orientations of the head and both eyes were recorded with magnetic search coils (resolution, approximately 1 min arc; 1000 samples/s). Typically, the first response to a head perturbation was an anti-compensatory eye movement with zero latency, peak-velocity of several degrees per second, and peak excursion of several tenths of a degree. This was interpreted as a passive mechanical response to linear acceleration of the orbital tissues caused by eccentric rotation of the eye. The response was modeled as a damped oscillation (approximately 13 Hz) of the orbital contents, approaching a constant eye deviation for a sustained linear acceleration. The subsequent compensatory eye movements showed (like the head movements) a linear increase in velocity, which allowed estimates of latency and gain with linear regressions. After appropriate accounting for the preceding passive eye movements, average VOR latency (for pooled eyes, directions, and subjects) was calculated as 8.6 ms. Paired comparisons between the two eyes revealed that the latency for the eye contralateral to the direction of head rotation was, on average, 1.3 ms shorter than for the ipsilateral eye. This highly significant average inter-ocular difference was attributed to the additional internuclear abducens neuron in the pathway to the ipsilateral eye. Average acceleration gain (ratio between slopes of eye and head velocities) over the first 40-50 ms was approximately 1.1. Instantaneous velocity gain, calculated as Veye(t)/Vhead(t-latency), showed a gradual build-up converging toward unity (often after a slight overshoot). Instantaneous acceleration gain also converged toward unity but showed a much steeper build-up and larger oscillations. This behavior of acceleration and velocity gain could be accounted for by modeling the eye movements as the sum of the passive response to the linear acceleration and the active rotational VOR. Due to the latency and the anticompensatory component, gaze stabilization was never complete. The influence of visual targets was limited. The initial VOR was identical with a distant target (continuously visible or interrupted) and in complete darkness. A near visual target caused VOR gain to rise to a higher level, but the time after which the difference between far and near targets emerged varied between individuals. (+info)

Expansion of afferent vestibular signals after the section of one of the vestibular nerve branches. (8/125)

The anterior branch of N. VIII was sectioned in adult frogs. Two months later the brain was isolated to record in vitro responses in the vestibular nuclei and from the abducens nerves following electric stimulation of the anterior branch of N. VIII or of the posterior canal nerve. Extra- and intracellularly recorded responses from the intact and operated side were compared with responses from controls. Major changes were detected on the operated side: the amplitudes of posterior canal nerve evoked field potentials were enlarged, the number of vestibular neurons with a monosynaptic input from the posterior canal nerve had increased, and posterior canal nerve stimulation recruited stronger abducens nerve responses on the intact side than vice versa. Changes in the convergence pattern of vestibular nerve afferent inputs on the operated side strongly suggest the expansion of posterior canal-related afferent inputs onto part of those vestibular neurons that were deprived of their afferent vestibular input. As a mechanism we suggest reactive synaptogenesis between intact posterior canal afferent fibers and vestibularly deprived second-order vestibular neurons. (+info)

... abducens nerve; cnVII, facial nerve; cnIX-XI, glossopharyngeal and vagoaccessory nerves; cnXII, hypoglossal nerve; en, ... Evolution of mammals Therocephalia ce, cerebellum; cnI, olfactory nerve; cnV +vcm-trigeminal nerve and vena capitis medialis; ... a large epyphysial nerve (found in creatures with a parietal eye on the top of the head), an enlarged pituitary gland, and an ... epiphyseal nerve; fb, forebrain; fcl, flocculus; ibic, internal branch of the internal carotid; lob, left olfactory bulb; ob, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonopsia

This forms a foramen, and within this lies the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve travels inferiorly to the petroclinoid ... Piffer CR, Zorzetto NL (1980). "Course and relations of the abducens nerve". Anat Anz. 147 (1): 42-46. PMID 7396225. Kimonis VE ... This can cause injury to the pupillomotor fibres of the oculomotor nerve, consequently leading to internal ophthalmoplegia The ... The posterior petroclinoid ligament is in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve. During head trauma, it acts as a fulcrum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_clinoid_processes

... the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye outward. Those with sixth nerve ... More rarely, the oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve (third and fourth nerve palsy, respectively) are affected; both play a ... The facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) is affected occasionally - the result is total or partial weakness of the muscles of ... The increased pressure leads to compression and traction of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves that arise from the brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

Abducens Nerve Palsy at eMedicine "Barton, J., & Goodwin, J. (2001). Horizontal Gaze Palsy". Medlink.com. Archived from the ... Nonselective horizontal gaze palsies are caused by lesions in the Abducens nucleus. This is where the cranial nerve VI leaves ... Lesions anywhere in the abducens nucleus, cranial nerve VI neurons, or interneurons can affect eye movement towards the side of ... The cranial nerve VI also has interneurons connecting to the medial rectus, which controls horizontal eye movement towards from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy

It surrounds the abducens nerve (CN VI) and the inferior petrosal sinus as the two structures merge with the cavernous sinus. ... This contains the abducens nerve (VI) and the inferior petrosal sinus. The petrosphenoidal ligament (Gruber's ligament, or ... Dorello's canal allows for passage of the abducens nerve (CN VI) and the inferior petrosal sinus as they travel to merge with ... Dorello's canal can entrap the abducens nerve (CN VI) after cranial trauma. Dorello's canal is named after the Italian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorello's_canal

Münchener mediznische Wochenschrift, 1888 - On congenital facial paralysis of the abducens nerve. Die Basedowsche Krankheit. In ... He is credited for providing a distinction between exogenous and endogenous nerve disorders, and introduced ideas on the ... This is a rare type of palsy associated with paralysis of the cranial nerves VI and VII. This results in the patient having a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Julius_Möbius

The abducens nerve (CN VI) tracks along the clivus during its course. Increased intracranial pressure can trap the nerve at ... The abducens nerve (CN VI) also tracks along the clivus during its course. During embryonic development, the clivus is formed ... It is related to the pons and the abducens nerve (CN VI). The clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellae of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivus_(anatomy)

The oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV) and abducens nerve (VI) coordinate eye movement. The oculomotor nerve controls ... The nuclei or bodies of these nerves are found in the brain stem. The nuclei of the abducens and oculomotor nerves are ... Damage to the abducens nerve (VI) can also result in double vision. This is due to impairment in the lateral rectus muscle, ... Hence the subsequent nerve supply (innervation) of the eye muscles is from three cranial nerves. The development of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraocular_muscles

This contains the abducens nerve (CN VI) and the inferior petrosal sinus. His identification was confirmed years layer. He ... Tsukita, Kazuto; Sakamaki-Tsukita, Haruhi; Suenaga, Toshihiko (4 July 2019). "Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy due to a Dural ... including entrapment of the abducens nerve due to inflammation. Dorello worked on anatomy topics in the Treccani Encyclopaedia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_Dorello

Oculomotor nerve (CNIII) is by far the most common cranial nerve involves in RPON, while abducens nerve (CNVI) and trochlear ... Rare cases involve abducens nerve paralysis affects lateral eye movement while trochlear nerve paralysis affects vertical eye ... Milisavljević, Milan (1986-01-01). "Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves Penetrated by Cerebral Vessels". Archives of ... The transient, reversible enhancement or thickening of the ocular motor nerve(s), which can be observed in the MRI scans of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_painful_ophthalmoplegic_neuropathy

Absence of the abducens nucleus and nerve (cranial nerve VI) Abnormal eye movement due to the lateral rectus muscle being ... MRI imaging can be used to detect whether the abducens nerve is present. Typically, treatment for this condition requires a ... This results from improper nerve development for eye movement.[citation needed] The following are characteristics of Duane ... innervated by a branch of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) This is characterized by hand and arm abnormalities. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane-radial_ray_syndrome

... also known as abducens nerve palsy, is a neurological defect that results from a damaged or impaired abducens nerve. This ... The neuron cell bodies are located in the abducens nucleus in the pons. These neurons project axons as the abducens nerve which ... Damage to the abducens nerve by trauma can be caused by any type of trauma that causes elevated intracranial pressure; ... For example, if the left abducens nerve is damaged, the left eye will not abduct fully. While attempting to look straight ahead ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_rectus_muscle

... and a partial loss of the glossopharyngeal and facial motor nerves. However, the somatic hypoglossal and abducens motor nerves ... The trigeminal nerve is not affected in the double knockout mouse embryos, indicating that cell fate alteration is limited to ... Cell lineage analysis of Nkx 2.9 and Nkx 2.2 double knockout (deficient) mouse embryos shows that cranial nerve alterations are ... Disturbance of Nkx 2.9 and Nkx 2.2 in mouse embryos results in the total loss of the spinal accessory and vagal motor nerves, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKX_2-9

Associated cranial nerves are the oculomotor, abducens, trochlear, and hypoglossal nerves. These motor neurons indirectly ... Nerve tracts are bundles of axons as white matter, that carry action potentials to their effectors. In the spinal cord these ... Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. (2011). The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves. In B. Roesch, L. Elfers, K. Trost, et al. (Ed.), ... The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_neuron

The ciliary nerves, ciliary ganglion, oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve are anesthetized in retrobulbar block. As a result, ... O' Brien's block : It is also known as facial nerve trunk block. The block is done at the level of the neck of the mandible ... Facial nerve, which supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, is blocked in addition for intraocular surgeries. Topical ... van Lint's block : In van Lint's block, the peripheral branches of facial nerve are blocked. This technique causes akinesia of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia_for_eye_surgery

One pathway projects directly to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye via the abducens nerve. Another nerve tract projects from ... There they project and stimulate the lateral rectus of the left eye via the abducens nerve. In addition, by the medial ... From these nuclei, fibers cross to the abducens nucleus of the opposite side of the brain. Here, fibres synapse with 2 ... The signal for the horizontal rotational component travels via the vestibular nerve through the vestibular ganglion and end in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulo–ocular_reflex

The Deiters' nucleus extends from pontomedullary junction to the level of abducens nerve nucleus in the pons. Lateral ... With this they determined that the superior vestibular nerve plays a larger role in balance than the inferior vestibulo nerve ... This tract is found in the lateral funiculus, a bundle of nerve roots in the spinal cord. The lateral vestibulospinal tract ... "VESTIBULAR NUCLEI AND ABDUCENS NUCLEUS". Medical Neurosciences University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract

These are innerved from three cranial nerves: the abducens nerve, the trochlear nerve and the oculomotor nerve. Horizontal ... This action is mediated by the medial rectus muscle, which is innervated by Cranial nerve III. It is a type of vergence eye ... The extraocular muscles may have two types of fiber each with its own nerve supply, hence a dual mechanism.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence

Lateral expansion of a pituitary adenoma can also compress the abducens nerve, causing a lateral rectus palsy. Also, a ... It arises from the compression of the optic nerve by the tumor. The specific area of the visual pathway at which compression by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

It connects the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the trochlear nerve (CN IV), and the abducens nerve (CN VI). It ... The medial longitudinal fasciculus is the main central connection for the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve ... of the trochlear nerve, CN IV), and the abducens nucleus (of the abducens nerve, CN VI). These three nuclei lie alongside the ... This is achieved by inputs to the vestibular nucleus from: the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). This is related to head ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus

The abducens nerve solely innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, moving the eye with the trochlear nerve. The ... Together, trochlear and abducens contract and relax to simultaneously direct the pupil towards an angle and depress the globe ... It receives input from the trigeminal nerve, dorsal column (of the spinal cord), midbrain, thalamus, reticular formation and ... There are five sensory organs innervated by the vestibular nerve; three semicircular canals (Horizontal SCC, Superior SCC, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_of_balance

... but with additional nerve palsies of the affected facial and abducens nerve. Selection of the type of nerve transfer is based ... Optional motor donor nerves are: the masseteric nerve, accessory nerve or hypoglossal nerve. In rare cases when these nerves ... For example, the hypoglossal nerve or masseteric nerve on the affected side can be used as donor nerves. This donor nerve is ... Here the nerve stimulator can be used in identifying the donor motor nerve to the masseter muscle. Once the nerve is identified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smile_surgery

Examples of conditions giving rise to an esotropia might include a VIth cranial nerve (or Abducens) palsy, Duane's syndrome or ... and may also result from conditions affecting the nerve or blood supply to these muscles or the bony orbital structures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia

Abducens (6th nerve), Trochlear (4th nerve), and Oculomotor (3rd nerve). After nerve trauma around the eye, a combination of ... This is an interaction between the abducens nerve and a branch of the oculomotor nerve. Voluntary activation of the abducens ... Moreover, while the abducens and the trochlear nerve each innervate one specific muscle, the oculomotor nerve has many ... As the nerve attempts to recover, nerve miswiring results (see Mechanism of Action below). In patients with severe facial nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synkinesis

The relevant cranial nerves (specifically the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens), as in cavernous sinus syndrome or raised ... The brainstem nuclei of these nerves, as in certain patterns of brainstem stroke such as Foville's syndrome. White matter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis

The fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves are located in the same compartment and can cause diagonal or ... The visual loss depends on which part of the nerve is affected. If the part of the nerve between the eye and the chiasm is ... In half of these cases, the oculomotor nerve (the third cranial nerve), which controls a number of eye muscles, is affected. ... Pressure on the part of the optic nerve known as the chiasm, which is located above the gland, leads to loss of vision on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_apoplexy

r5 and r6 gives rise to the abducens nerve, and the lower part of r6 and the upper part of r7 gives rise to the petrosal ... The motor nerves form depending on rhombomeric patterns, but each nerve can come from either one rhombomere or a pair of ... The Hox gene also has been shown to play a part in the formation of the cranial motor nerves. The fate of a rhombomere has been ... With mutations in the Hox gene, the cranial motor nerves formed in different locations than normal or simply did not form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombomere

Then, it courses posteriorly toward the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV) and abducens nerve (VI), the ... PPRF is not labeled, but is visible adjacent to the abducens nucleus Frontal eye field Cranial nerves Pyramidal tracts ... However, the fibers to the abducens (VI) nucleus do not terminate directly onto the nucleus. Instead, they terminate onto the ... Fibers to the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) project to the abducens (VI) nucleus, which controls the movement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticomesencephalic_tract

... the oculomotor nerve), IV ( the trochlear nerve), and VI (the abducens nerve). Directing visual spatial attention and eye ... It directs visual spatial attention most notably through guided eye movements, via cranial nerves III ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectopulvinar_pathway

Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth (abducens) nerve palsy, papilledema can be ... Retrobulbar neuritis, an inflamed optic nerve, but with a normal-appearing nerve head, is associated with pain and the other ... Eye > Diseases of the Optic Nerve v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, ... Inflammation of the optic nerve head is called "papillitis" or "intraocular optic neuritis"; inflammation of the orbital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_papillitis

... er den sjette hjernenerve, som er en motorisk nerve som innerverer muskelen rectus lateralis, og derfor ... VI abducens , VII facialis (chorda tympani, nervus intermedius) , VIII vestibulocochlearis (cochlearis, vestibularis) , IX ... Nervus abducens kommer ut gjennom kraniet gjennom fissura orbitalis superior, en av åpningene i kraniet bak øyet. ... kontrollerer begge øynes evne til abduksjon (bevegelse vekk fra kroppens midtlinje). Nervus abducens har sin opprinnelse i den ...

https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_abducens

... motor Abducens nucleus (VI) - motor Trigeminal motor nucleus (V) - motor Main trigeminal nucleus (V) - sensory (fine touch and ... All the nuclei except that of the trochlear nerve (CN IV) supply nerves of the same side of the body. In general, motor nuclei ... A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more of the ... This area is a bit below the autonomic motor nuclei, and includes the nucleus ambiguus, facial nerve nucleus, as well as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerve_nucleus

... spinal cord and peripheral nerve (C2 nerve); and dACC implants for alcohol addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder. "DSM ... For example, his translational work includes investigating: microvascular decompression for abducens spasm, as well as for ... vagal nerve stimulation for tinnitus; somatosensory cortex implants for deafferentation pain; C2 implant for tinnitus, as well ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_De_Ridder_(neurosurgeon)

... particularly Optic nerve (#2) sight, Oculomotor nerve (#3) eye movement, Trochlear nerve (#4) eye rotation, Abducens nerve (#6 ... Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1) Smell. See also: olfactory receptor neurons Optic nerve (cranial nerve 2) Sight. See also: ... See cranial nerve section Olfactory nerve (#1) smell. See cranial nerve section Trigeminal nerve (#5) facial sensation biting ... Abducens nerve (cranial nerve 6) controls certain eye rotation. (It controls the lateral rectus muscle used to bring the pupil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_brain

Inflammation of the optic nerve causes loss of vision most usually by the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath ... which is responsible for communication between the two eyes by connecting the abducens nucleus of one side to the oculomotor ... The symptoms and signs depend upon the nerve cords involved and the extent of the involvement. Prognosis for complete recovery ... Glycerol rhizotomy (surgical injection of glycerol into a nerve) has been studied although the beneficial effects and risks in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_signs_and_symptoms

... abducens nerve abducens nucleus abducent abducent nerve abduction accessory bone accessory cuneate nucleus accessory nerve ... cranial cranial autonomic ganglia cranial bone cranial nerve ganglia cranial nerve lesion cranial nerve nuclei cranial nerves ... palatine canal greater palatine foramen greater palatine nerve greater petrosal nerve greater superficial petrosal nerve ... neocerebellum neocortex neonatal neopallium neospinothalamic axon neostriatum nephron nerve of the pterygoid canal nerve nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

... position due to dominance of the abducens and trochlear nerves. Further pressure on the midbrain results in progressive ... If the uncus becomes herniated the structure lying just medial to it, cranial nerve III, can become compressed. This causes ... can push the uncus over the tentorial notch against the brainstem and its corresponding cranial nerves and can result in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncus

... the trochlear nerve, which controls the superior oblique muscle, and the abducens nerve, which controls the lateral rectus ... which is supplied by the trochlear nerve, and the lateral rectus, supplied by the abducens nerve. The brain exerts ultimate ... Three cranial nerves carry signals from the brain to control the extraocular muscles. These are the oculomotor nerve, which ... The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) supplies the inferior oblique muscle (along with four other eye muscles - superior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_movement

It allows for many structures to pass, including the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ophthalmic nerve, the abducens ... trochlear nerve (IV). lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic (V1). abducens nerve (VI). superior and inferior ... The abducens nerve is most likely to show signs of damage first, with the most common complaints retro-orbital pain and the ... nasociliary nerve (lies between the two divisions of oculomotor nerve) and abducent nerve Medial part transmits: Inferior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure

Abducens nerve, Rare diseases). ... on cross sectional imaging in the absence of cranial nerve ... In addition, affected individuals may experience paralysis of various facial nerves and drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolosa–Hunt_syndrome

Focal neurological deficits may also occur, such as abducens nerve palsy and vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud syndrome due to ... which is thought to reflect the distribution of nerve damage to the brain. Hydrocephalus that is present from birth can cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus

... and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus

It is a common but false belief that during the saccade, no information is passed through the optic nerve to the brain. Whereas ... Investigations of patients with abducens palsy". Investigative Ophthalmology. 15 (8): 657-60. PMID 955831. Hopp, J.Johanna; ... The subject will not experience any movement of the eyes or any evidence that the optic nerve has momentarily ceased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade

... fifth cranial nerve), abducens nerve palsy (sixth cranial nerve) otitis media Other symptoms can include photophobia, excessive ... retroorbital pain due to pain in the area supplied by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradenigo's_syndrome

... abducens nucleus (VI) lower down in the pons: facial nerve nucleus (VII) lower down in the pons: vestibulocochlear nuclei ( ... A number of cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons: mid-pons: the 'chief' or 'pontine' nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ... the spinal and principal trigeminal nerve nuclei, which form the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve ... Basal plate neuroblasts give rise to the abducens nucleus, which forms the general somatic efferent fibers (GSE); the facial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons

... and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracranial_hypertension_syndrome

It contains a portion of the fourth ventricle and the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), ... and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). The metencephalon develops from the higher/rostral half of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metencephalon

... branch of ophthalmic nerve) Inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) Abducens nerve (CNVI) Optic nerve The common ... The arteries surrounding the optic nerve form a vascular structure known as the circle of Zinn-Haller, or sometimes as the ... The following structures pass through the tendinous ring (superior to inferior): Superior division of the oculomotor nerve ( ... is a ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit. It is the common origin of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_tendinous_ring

... abducens nerve) and anterior to cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve). The facial nerve also supplies preganglionic ... The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve VII, or simply CN VII, is a cranial nerve that emerges ... This nerve also includes taste fibers for the palate via the lesser palatine nerve and greater palatine nerve. The ... Distal to stylomastoid foramen, the following nerves branch off the facial nerve: Posterior auricular nerve which controls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve

... trochlear nerve), CN VI (abducens nerve), CN V (trigeminal nerve), specifically V1 (ophthalmic nerve) and V2 (maxillary nerve) ... Inside the cavernous sinus, constriction of the following cranial nerves (CN) can be found: CN III (oculomotor nerve), CN IV ( ... Failure of each of the nerves listed above will manifest in loss of function of the specific muscle, gland or a parasympathetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face

The nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) are located ... From this junction, CN VI (abducens nerve), CN VII (facial nerve) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) emerge. At the level of ... Oculomotor nerve nucleus: This is the third cranial nerve nucleus. Trochlear nerve nucleus: This is the fourth cranial nerve. ... The nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI) and hypoglossal nerve (XII) are located in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem

... the union of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons between the abducens nerves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilar_artery

The abducens nerve or abducent nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VI, or simply CN VI, is a cranial ... The human abducens nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons. The abducens nerve supplies the lateral rectus ... The abducens nerve carries axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent. Damage to the peripheral part of the abducens nerve ... The 39th edition of Gray's Anatomy (2005) also prefers "abducens nerve." The abducens nerve controls the movement of a single ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abducens_nerve

... also known as the abducens nerve, innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR), which functions to abduct the ipsilateral eye ... It has the longest subarachnoid course of all the cranial nerves; therefore, its syndromes are similar to those of the fourth ... encoded search term (Abducens Nerve Palsy (Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy)) and Abducens Nerve Palsy (Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy) ... Abducens Nerve Palsy (Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy). Updated: Mar 02, 2021 * Author: Michael P Ehrenhaus, MD; Chief Editor: Edsel ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1198383-94035/how-does-the-incidence-of-abducens-nerve-palsy-sixth-cranial-nerve-palsy-vary-by-age

Abducens Nerve * Subject Areas on Research. * Abducens nerve ocular neuromyotonia following non-sellar or parasellar tumors. ... Recurrent isolated sixth nerve palsy in children. * Vertical rectus muscle transposition with intraoperative botulinum ... Inputs from the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular apparatus to behaviorally characterized abducens neurons in rhesus ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/meshD000010

"Abducens Nerve" by people in this website by year, and whether "Abducens Nerve" was a major or minor topic of these ... The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles ... "Abducens Nerve" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Abducens Nerve" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/207628

Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve ... abducens nerve diseases enfermedades del nervio abducente doenas do nervo abducente abducens nerve injury accessory nerve ... Cranial nerve six (CN VI), also known as the abducens nerve, is one of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor ... The sixth cranial nerve, or abducens nerve, is the most commonly affected cranial nerve in children presenting with acquired ...

https://fr.bluerocktel.com/hugo/antibody/montenegro/30109642dca83555647e179b586ce7-abducens-nerve-palsy-meningitis

Abducens Nerve:…: Nervous System (Major nerves of the brain and the cranial, Drugs that affect the Brain, Neurotransmitters , ... nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between) ... classification of neurons , Spinal Nerves, Lobes and their Functions, Major of the Nerves of the Body, Major Functions of the ... Major nerves of the brain and the cranial ( ... Major nerves of the brain and the cranial. * Abducens Nerve: ...

https://coggle.it/diagram/XBa-reJ_WTsJNVFy/t/nervous-system

Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy in Multiple Myeloma With Hyperviscosity of the Serum ...

https://www.journalmc.org/index.php/JMC/article/view/855/458

Abducens Nerve Palsies use Abducens Nerve Diseases Abducens Nerve Palsy use Abducens Nerve Diseases ... Abducens Nerve Trauma use Abducens Nerve Injury Abducens Nerve Traumas use Abducens Nerve Injury ... Abducens Nerve Disease use Abducens Nerve Diseases Abducens Nerve Diseases Abducens Nerve Injuries use Abducens Nerve Injury ... Abducens Neuropathies, Traumatic use Abducens Nerve Injury Abducens Neuropathy, Traumatic use Abducens Nerve Injury ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2017_Alfab-A.htm

Electronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. These nerves are: ... Trochlear and abducens nerves, which run from the brain to the eyes ... Electronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. These nerves are: ... Vestibular nerve (eighth cranial nerve), which runs from the brain to the ears ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003448.htm

nerve answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and ... abducens nerve. A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. It runs in the subarachnoid space and ... SYN: SEE: acoustic nerve; SEE: cochlear nerve; SEE: eighth cranial nerve; SEE: vestibulocochlear nerve ... pudendal nerve. A mixed nerve composed of axons from spinal nerves S2-S4. It follows the sciatic nerve out of the pelvis but ...

https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/730433/all/sinuvertebral_nerve

... cranial nerve palsy such as dysphagia, abducens palsy, and facial palsy; and shoulder weakness and atrophy. These sequelae are ... facial or hypopharyngeal nerve) on day 2 to day 5 of illness. A severe inflammatory response occurs in the CNS, and we found a ... EV71 may invade the CNS through its presence in the blood or directly through the cranial nerves ( ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/3/02-0285

FUS (frequencies of 350 kHz and 650 kHz) operating in a pulsed mode was applied to the abducens nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats ... Noninvasive Transcranial Stimulation of Rat Abducens Nerve by Focused Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology ... to selectively stimulate the rat abducens nerve located above the base of the skull. ... Nonpharmacologic and nonsurgical transcranial modulation of the nerve function may provide new opportunities in evaluation and ...

https://www.umbjournal.org/content/transcranial?startPage=&KeywordRaw=Focused%20ultrasound

Trochlear Nerve) Palsy - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer ... Fourth Cranial Nerve (Trochlear Nerve) Palsy. Sixth Cranial Nerve (Abducens Nerve) Palsy ... See also Overview of the Cranial Nerves Overview of the Cranial Nerves Twelve pairs of nerves-the cranial nerves-lead directly ... the substance that covers most nerve fibers) and underlying nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord are ...

https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/cranial-nerve-disorders/fourth-cranial-nerve-trochlear-nerve-palsy

Abducens nerve palsy-bilateral or unilateral:. The onset of palsy is always a shocking event which arises suddenly. One patient ... a neurologist diagnosed a palsy of the right abducens nerve. This diagnosis would have been correct in the presence of a ... Indeed, she had a total atrophy of the optic nerve with only peripheral remnants of the visual field and the left bulb had ... Curran [11] was of the opinion that simulated divergence palsy could be a phase in the evolution of real abducens palsy. ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/59805

Emiroglu M, Alkan G, Kartal A, Cimen D. Abducens nerve palsy in a girl with incomplete Kawasaki disease. Rheumatol Int (2016) ... Wright SE, Shaikh ZH, Castillo-Lugo JA, Tanriover B. Aseptic meningitis and abducens nerve palsy as a serious side effect of ... Immunoglobulin infusion may rarely be the underlying etiology of abducens nerve palsy. Wright et al. (73) reported a patient ... Furthermore, two case reports described patients with Kawasaki disease who developed abducens nerve palsy after IVIG therapy ( ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299/full

Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI). *Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL, Bassen-Kornzweig Disease). *Abnormal Illness Behaviors ...

https://corp.credoreference.com/component/booktracker/edition/9863.html

TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE. ... Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; ... TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE. ... 10/01/1994 - "The diplopia, which was diagnosed as abducent nerve paralysis, improved rapidly and reversed at about 6 weeks ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD004172.do

In the brain stem, these include the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. In the spinal cord, the posterior columns, ... Hallmark findings in the electrodiagnosis of ALS are normal sensory nerve conduction studies and abnormal motor nerve ... Muscle in nerve disease. Image courtesy of Dr. Friedlander, Associate Professor and Chair of Pathology at Kansas City ... Muscle in nerve disease. Image courtesy of Dr. Friedlander, Associate Professor and Chair of Pathology at Kansas City ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1170097-overview

Rostock, 1999 (Germany) PMID 10401502 -- "Neuromyotonia of the abducens nerve after hypophysectomy and radiation." (Becskulin A ... Complications: Anterior optic neuropathy 5 nerves (median 30 months), Retrobulbar optic neuropathy 12 nerves (median 28 months) ... Optic nerve: 4 moderate/severe complications (mean avg 59.4 Gy, mean max 75.5 Gy, max avg 70 Gy, max max 75.5 Gy), no ... Additional 13 nerves had NTCP 19%-83% without complication. Overall good fit to model using n=0.25, m=0.14 TD50=72 Gy ( ...

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Toxicity/Vision

Abstract: We report an 8-year-old female who developed left abducens nerve palsy and progressively enlarging left internal ...

https://content.iospress.com/journals/journal-of-pediatric-neurology/10/4?rows=50

fourth or trochlear nerve 378.53. *. sixth or abducens nerve 378.54. 378.5. ICD9Data.com 378.51 ...

http://www.icd9data.com/2011/Volume1/320-389/360-379/378/378.50.htm

abducens nerve. Cranial nerve VI; motor neuron controlling the lateral rectus muscles (lateral eye movement) and retractor ... accessory nerve. Cranial nerve XI; controls swallowing movements. ►click here to learn more-This link is provided by: ... click here to learn more (press,cranial nerves) - Link provided by: University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine ► ... click here to learn more (press,cranial nerves)-This link is provided by: University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary ...

https://www.vetneuro.com/index.php/veterinarian-resources/neurology-references/2016-07-18-14-24-57

https://vetneuro.com/index.php/veterinarian-resources/neurology-references/2016-07-18-14-24-57

With increased pressure, the sixth cranial nerve (nerves abducens) that controls eyeball movements may not function properly ... Optic nerve sheath fenestration: Surgical incision is made in the tissue around the optic nerve to drain excess fluid. ... With the increase in cerebral pressure, the optic nerve enlarges and disrupts information transfer to the brain from the nerve ... On physical examination, papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve) is found.. *There may be a brief loss of vision in one or ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/pseudotumor_cerebri_and_intracranial_hypertension/article.htm

Isolated abducens nerve paresis related to ruptured vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm is rare. It usually occurs bilaterally or ... Dissecting Aneurysm of Vertebral Artery Manifestating as Contralateral Abducens Nerve Palsy Jeon JS, Lee SH, Son YJ, Chung YS ...

https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?QY=%28%22Muscle+Rigidity%22%5BMH%5D%29

Papilledema and abducens nerve palsy following ethylene glycol ingestion. Semin Opthalmol. 2004;19(3-4):72-74. (Case report; 1 ... Unilateral blindness with third cranial nerve palsy and abnormal enhancement of extraocular muscles on magnetic resonance ...

https://www.ebmedicine.net/topics/toxicology-environmental/toxic-alcohol-poisoning

COVID-19 and abducens nerve palsy in a 9-year-old girl-case report Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by ...

https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles?tab=keyword&searchType=journalSearch&sort=PubDate&page=2

The most common cavernous cranial neuropathy involved the abducens nerve (69%), whereas the trigeminal nerve was least affected ... Five patients had persistent partial occulomotor nerve palsies (all were improved from before carotid occlusion), and three had ... and cranial nerve function during the testing period. The balloon was kept inflated for 15 minutes but could be immediately ... but rather may reflect an embolic injury to the microvasculature supplying the hypoglossal nerve at the time of carotid ...

http://www.ajnr.org/content/24/6/1200?ijkey=8ef437b27a5dfe306d7375be14e53494c684e270&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Elevated intracranial pressure may cause an abducens nerve (CN6) palsy, causing diplopia.(31483060) ...

https://emcrit.org/ibcc/onc/

Bu çalışmada yeni tanı almış diabetik bir hastada sol gözde ekzoftalmus, N. Abducens ve N. Fasiyalis paralizisi ile seyreden ... Cranial involvement can be isolated or diffuse including all cranial nerves. Although edema and black coloration, formation of ... Keywords: Mucormycosis , Facial Paralysis , N.Abducens Paralysis Özet. Mukormikozis, zygomiçetes sınıfına ait olan mukorales ... Bu çalışmada yeni tanı almış diabetik bir hastada sol gözde ekzoftalmus, N. Abducens ve N. Fasiyalis paralizisi ile seyreden ...

http://entcase.net/manuscript/35/makale/rinoloji/n-abducens-ve-n-fasIyalIs-paralIzIsIne-neden-olan-mukormIkozIs.htm?abstract=1

Oculomotor and abducens nerve enhancement did not correlate with eye movement palsy (gamma = 1.00 and 0.97, p = .31 for both). ... Facial and oculomotor nerves are most often affected. Enhancement of the facial nerve distal internal auditory canal and ... Results Thirty-nine of 69 patients (57%) had pathological cranial nerve enhancement. Facial and oculomotor nerves were most ... Sixteen of 17 patients with oculomotor and/or abducens nerve enhancement had no evident eye movement palsy. Conclusions MRI ...

https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/3011787?show=full

Congenital sixth nerve palsy (Duane syndrome) is a well-recognized entity. (medscape.com)
Examination for a sixth nerve palsy involves documenting the presence or absence of papilledema, examining the ocular motility, evaluating the eyelids and pupils, and excluding involvement of other cranial nerves (eg, V, VII, VIII). (medscape.com)
Poor or no resolution of sixth nerve palsy should prompt a full neurologic evaluation. (medscape.com)
Damage to the sixth nerve nucleus results in an ipsilateral gaze palsy. (medscape.com)
Abducens palsy can be a false localizing sign with lesions that cause increased intracranial pressure and stretching of the sixth nerve as it ascends the clival area. (medscape.com)
Abducens nerve palsy is frequently seen as a postviral syndrome in younger patients and as an ischemic mononeuropathy in the adult population. (medscape.com)
Sixth nerve palsy as the initial presenting sign of metastatic prostate cancer. (ucdenver.edu)
Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. (bluerocktel.com)
This is also called cranial nerve VI or abducens palsy. (bluerocktel.com)
Double vision is the most common symptom of sixth nerve palsy. (bluerocktel.com)
Idiopathic abducens nerve palsy is a benign condition and can be managed conservatively in children after excluding the potential more serious causes like raised intracranial tension, meningoencephalitis, multiple cranial nerve palsy as seen in cavernous sinus infection and thrombosis, stroke, tumour or demyelinating events in brain stem. (bluerocktel.com)
Furthermore, how is 6th nerve palsy treated? (bluerocktel.com)
We describe a patient with isolated right abducens nerve palsy due to vascular compression of the Science topic Paralysis. (bluerocktel.com)
he has to present instead of a unilateral or bilateral abducens nerve palsy. (bluerocktel.com)
Abducens nerve palsy was much improved If inflammation of the sixth nerve is suspected, medications called corticosteroids may be used. (bluerocktel.com)
Other common causes of sixth nerve palsy in children include: Injury, especially a skull fracture. (bluerocktel.com)
A 39-year-old healthy female with a rare complication of left side abducens nerve palsy suffered from high fever, chillness, severe headache and muscle soreness for 5 days, and physical examination revealed only mild skin rash over trunk and negative meningeal signs. (bluerocktel.com)
A palsy of the 4th cranial nerve affects vertical eye movements. (msdmanuals.com)
Doctors suspect palsy of the 4th cranial nerve based on the symptoms, but computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be done. (msdmanuals.com)
Often, the cause of 4th cranial nerve palsy cannot be identified. (msdmanuals.com)
causes this palsy by damaging small blood vessels that carry blood to the nerve. (msdmanuals.com)
Usually, 4th cranial nerve palsy is suspected if a person has characteristic limited eye movement. (msdmanuals.com)
The disorder causing 4th cranial nerve palsy, if identified, is treated. (msdmanuals.com)
Elevated intracranial pressure may cause an abducens nerve (CN6) palsy, causing diplopia. (emcrit.org)
01), despite that 19/37 nerves with mild-moderate enhancement in the distal internal auditory canal segment showed no clinically evident palsy. (uib.no)
Oculomotor and abducens nerve enhancement did not correlate with eye movement palsy (gamma = 1.00 and 0.97, p = .31 for both). (uib.no)
Sixteen of 17 patients with oculomotor and/or abducens nerve enhancement had no evident eye movement palsy. (uib.no)
Enhancement of the facial nerve distal internal auditory canal and parotid segments correlate with degree of facial palsy. (uib.no)
The patient was a 34-year-old woman who was noted at birth to have bilateral abducens nerve palsy, complete facial diplegia, club feet, malformation of the right upper limb and chest wall with an underdeveloped right hand and an absent pectoralis major. (bmj.com)
He also had left esotropia which was due to traumatic left abducens nerve palsy by saw dust 10 months ago. (biomedcentral.com)
Microvascular cranial nerve palsy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Third nerve palsy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Microvascular cranial nerve palsy can develop in people who have high blood pressure. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Children are sometimes born with third nerve palsy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A disorder affecting the brain, such as an aneurysm or brain tumor, may also cause third nerve palsy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fourth nerve palsy is often a congenital birth defect, which means that a baby is born with it. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
But a head injury, stroke, or tumor can also cause fourth nerve palsy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Microvascular cranial nerve palsy can cause double vision and other problems with eyesight. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Third nerve palsy can cause an eyelid to sag and droop, double vision, difficulty moving the eye, and a pupil that is bigger than normal. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Fourth nerve palsy causes the eye or eyes to turn abnormally. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Sixth nerve palsy can cause abnormal movement of the eye and double vision. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A retrospective chart review of a cohort of 253 pediatric patients with sixth nerve palsies uncovered 30 cases of benign sixth nerve palsy, of which 9 were recurrent, in a study at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia. (pediatricneurologybriefs.com)
Sixth nerve palsy occurred alone in 225 patients, and the etiologies were as follows: 90 (40%) had neoplasms, 25 (11.1%) were ascribed to increased intracranial pressure, 23 (10.2%) to trauma, 14 (6.2%) an infectious etiology, 10 (4.4%) to vascular disease, 9 (4%) inflammatory disorders, 6 (2.7%) were congenital, 2 (0.9%) secondary to surgery unrelated to neoplasm, and 1 (0.4%) to radiation necrosis. (pediatricneurologybriefs.com)
Abducens nerve palsy with characteristic strabismus (esotropia) can be present. (arizona.edu)

Cranial nerves that innervate the muscles in the head include the oculomotor (cranial nerve III), the trochlear (cranial nerve IV), abducens (cranial nerve VI) and the hypoglossal (cranial nerve XII) nerves. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Together with the trochlear and abducens nerves, this nerve innervates the external muscles of your eyeball and controls the size of the pupil, thus protecting it from over exposure to too much light. (newhealthadvisor.org)
A: Schematic lateral view of the left ONC and trochlear nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
B: Schematic superior view of the ONC and trochlear nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
and the trochlear nerve, on its way to the surface, runs downwards in its concavity and on its medial aspect. (co.ma)

The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (tabers.com)

Central nervous system lesions of the abducens nerve tract are localized easily secondary to the typical findings associated with each kind of lesion. (medscape.com)
By: Anthony T. Villegas R. Overview of structures and functions: NERVOUS SYSTEM The functional unit of the nervous system is the nerve cells or neurons The nervous system is composed of the : Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord serves as a connecting link between the brain & the periphery. (bluerocktel.com)
The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (tabers.com)
Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (tabers.com)
The integration of the two sides of the nervous system is mediated by nerve fibres that project from one side to the other. (wiringthebrain.com)

Here, we presented a mucormycosis case in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus who had exophthalmia in left eye and paralysis of N.Abducens and N.Facialis. (entcase.net)
One of the hazards in thyroid surgery is the possibility of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves, with resulting paralysis of the muscles that open the airway, separating the vocal cords. (proprofs.com)
Also noted were bilateral ptosis, bilateral abducens paralysis, facial diplegia, dysarthric speech, inability to protrude the tongue, and bilateral arm weakness that was more pronounced in the proximal than the distal musculature. (cdc.gov)

The sixth nerve nucleus is located in the pons, just ventral to the floor of the fourth ventricle and just lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). (medscape.com)
The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction to enter the subarachnoid space, coursing upward between the pons and clivus to enter the Dorello canal. (medscape.com)
The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. (ucdenver.edu)
A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (tabers.com)
Nervus abducens har sin opprinnelse i den ipsilaterale nucleus nervi abducentis mellom den kaudale del av pons under gulvet av fjerde ventrikkel og medulla oblongata (den pontomedullære overgang). (wikipedia.org)
The large spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve is a conspicuous object in sections through the pons and medulla oblongata. (co.ma)

Nervus abducens er den sjette hjernenerve , som er en motorisk nerve som innerverer muskelen rectus lateralis , og derfor kontrollerer begge øynes evne til abduksjon (bevegelse vekk fra kroppens midtlinje). (wikipedia.org)
Nervus abducens kommer ut gjennom kraniet gjennom fissura orbitalis superior , en av åpningene i kraniet bak øyet. (wikipedia.org)

The nerves that innervate the structures originating from the branchial arches are the trigeminal (cranial nerve V), facial (cranial nerve VII), glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX), vagus (cranial nerve X) and the spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI) nerves. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The trigeminal nerve innervates structures originating from the branchial arches. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Physical examinations of the head and neck revealed an area of numbness in the distribution of 2nd division of trigeminal nerve, proptosis, and disturbed visual acuity at the level of counting fingers. (biomedcentral.com)
The small motor part of the trigeminal nerve is distributed chiefly to the muscles of mastication, and derives its fibres from the motor nucleus. (co.ma)
Finally, reaching the level of the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the fibres of the mesencephalic root turn forwards and are said to join the sensory part (Johnston) of the trigeminal nerve. (co.ma)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) In multiple sclerosis, patches of myelin (the substance that covers most nerve fibers) and underlying nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord are damaged or destroyed. (msdmanuals.com)
Mayo, 2003 PMID 12654424 -- "A study on the radiation tolerance of the optic nerves and chiasm after stereotactic radiosurgery. (wikibooks.org)
Analyzed 54 optic nerves in 30 patients. (wikibooks.org)

The sixth cranial nerve is the most commonly affected of the ocular motor nerves. (medscape.com)
Visceral motor nerves can contain pre- or postganglionic sympathetic or parasympathetic axons. (unboundmedicine.com)
There are 12 cranial nerves which are divided into nerves for the special senses, the motor nerves for the head muscles, and the nerves innervating the structures originating from thebranchial arches. (newhealthadvisor.org)

Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control. (ucdenver.edu)
The intramesencephalic segment extends from the nucleus to the point of exit of the oculomotor nerve from the midbrain. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The oculomotor nerve complex, which is positioned in the most ventral part of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) at the level of the superior colliculi, comprises the somatic cell column, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and an additional dorsal (supraoculomotor) nucleus in each half of the midbrain (Figs. 1A-1C) (Vitosevic et al. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Learn the course and anatomic relationships of the facial nucleus and proximal facial nerve. (mrionline.com)
Fibres constantly leave it to enter the nucleus, so that the lower it gets the smaller does the spinal tract become until, in the upper part of the spinal medulla, about the level of the first or second spinal nerve, it disappears altogether. (co.ma)
and then lower down, between the restiform body and the nucleus of the facial nerve (Fig. 498, p. 565). (co.ma)

Damage to the oculomotor nerve may result in abnormal eye movements (strabismus) or absence of pupillary light reflexes. (newhealthadvisor.org)
A problem with this nerve may also result in strabismus. (newhealthadvisor.org)

A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (tabers.com)
Hallmark findings in the electrodiagnosis of ALS are normal sensory nerve conduction studies and abnormal motor nerve conduction studies, with reduced motor compound muscle action potentials. (medscape.com)
Sensory supply to the interior of the larynx from true vocal folds to vestibule is provided by the recurrent laryngeal nerves. (proprofs.com)
These nerves have various sensory, motor, and other functions, which are important to your well-being and proper functioning. (newhealthadvisor.org)
This sensory nerve enables you to have the sense of smell (olfaction). (newhealthadvisor.org)
This sensory nerve transforms information from the environment into visual images to the brain. (newhealthadvisor.org)
This is the largest cranial nerve and it performs many sensory and motor functions. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The ophthalmic nerve or V1 has a sensory function and it further subdivides into the lacrimal, the frontal, the nasociliary and the infratrochlear branches. (newhealthadvisor.org)
These nerves supply sensory fibers to the orbit of the eye and parts of the nose and tear ducts. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The maxillary nerve or V2 is also a sensory nerve that branches further into an infraorbital, the zygomatic, andthe pterygopalatine nerves. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The mandibular nerve or V3 has mixed sensory and motor functions. (newhealthadvisor.org)

The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (tabers.com)
This is another motor nerve that functions to control the eye muscles, enabling you to turn the eyes. (newhealthadvisor.org)
This nerve supplies the muscles, which help you to chew, and the taste buds in the tongue, which enable you to taste. (newhealthadvisor.org)
This motor nerve supplies other muscles to the eyes and enables you to turn your eyes laterally (to the outer side). (newhealthadvisor.org)
The oculomotor nerve supplies the extraocular muscles. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The weakness may progress over hours to days to involve the arms, truncal muscles, cranial nerves, and muscles of respiration. (medscape.com)

The nerves that serve your special senses are the olfactory (cranial nerve I), the ocular (cranial nerve II) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). (newhealthadvisor.org)

A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (tabers.com)
Electronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. (medlineplus.gov)
Abnormal results may be a sign of damage to the nerve of the inner ear or other parts of the brain that control eye movements. (medlineplus.gov)
Overview of the Cranial Nerves Twelve pairs of nerves-the cranial nerves-lead directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk. (msdmanuals.com)
With the increase in cerebral pressure, the optic nerve enlarges and disrupts information transfer to the brain from the nerve, leading to vision problems. (medicinenet.com)
Nerves arising directly from the brain are called cranial nerves, while those arising from the spinal cord are called peripheral nerves. (newhealthadvisor.org)
These nerves pass from the brain through openings in the skull called foramina, to supply various parts of the head and neck, although some have extensions to the body. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The cranial nerves each have a name, but they are also known by their corresponding Roman numerals, which name them from the topmost to the bottommost location of origin in the brain. (newhealthadvisor.org)
In answeringthe question, it is helpful to begin with some knowledge about the three groups of nerves coming from the brain. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Ganglion cells in the inner lining of the eye called retina receive the captured images and send them to the brain through the optic nerve. (newhealthadvisor.org)
It presents definition for terms and images related to the anatomy of the brain and head, brain diseases, and brain-related organs (from Abducens nerve to Zygomaticus major muscle). (bvsalud.org)
When nerves in the brain or brainstem are affected, it is called cranial neuropathy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The cranial nerves are those that arise directly from your brain or brainstem and often affect areas like the face and eyes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The sixth cranial nerve can be damaged by infection, a stroke or tumor, increased pressure in the brain, and even migraines. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Brain and Nerve. (elsevier.com)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the accessory nerve. (elsevier.com)

Graz, 1998 (Austria) PMID 9420071 -- "Dose-response tolerance of the visual pathways and cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to stereotactic radiosurgery. (wikibooks.org)
Pittsburgh/MGH, 1993 PMID 8407394 -- "Tolerance of cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to radiosurgery. (wikibooks.org)
After the oculomotor nerve emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, it enters the cavernous sinus slightly lateral and anterior to the dorsum sellae. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Proposed etiologies for benign sixth nerve palsies include ophthalmoplegic migraine, myasthenia gravis, and inflammation secondary to viral infections or vaccination (Lee MS, 1999). (pediatricneurologybriefs.com)
Benign recurrent sixth (abducens) nerve palsies in children. (pediatricneurologybriefs.com)

The patches record eye movements that occur when the inner ear and nearby nerves are stimulated by the water or air. (medlineplus.gov)
With increased pressure, the sixth cranial nerve (nerves abducens) that controls eyeball movements may not function properly and cause diplopia ( double vision ). (medicinenet.com)
Lateral eye movements are controlled by the abducens-oculomotor nerves, one on each side of the head. (wiringthebrain.com)
The coordination of these movements of the two eyes is mediated by a set of interneurons which normally project across the midline of the hindbrain, where the cell bodies that form these nerves are located, and coordinate the activity of the nerves on the two sides. (wiringthebrain.com)
The oculomotor nerve is a pure motor nerve and primarily triggers movements of the eyeball, hence its name (from the Latin oculus for eye and motous for motion) (Dorland, 2003). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

The oculomotor nerve serves to lift the eyelid, rotate the eyeball superiorly, and constrict the opening of the eye (pupil) on exposure to light. (newhealthadvisor.org)
the sixth cranial nerve (VI), which supplies the lateral rectus muscle of each eyeball, responsible for turning the eye outwards. (datasn.io)

MRI is indicated for any brainstem findings to exclude pontine glioma in children (most have papilledema and nystagmus without other cranial nerve involvement) and in adults who show no improvement. (medscape.com)
The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (tabers.com)

Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (tabers.com)
The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (tabers.com)
Any disease or injury that damages the acoustic nerve can cause vertigo. (medlineplus.gov)
Injury to this nerve can cause a loss of sense of smell or anosmia. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Serious injury to the retina or the optic nerve can lead to blindness or anopsia. (newhealthadvisor.org)
Nerves power your entire body, but those nerves can be damaged by injury or an illness such as diabetes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (tabers.com)
The infraorbital sulcus crosses the floor of the orbit and carries the infraorbital artery, infraorbital vein, and infraorbital nerve from the inferior orbital fissure to the infraorbital foramen. (medscape.com)

The test is used to determine whether a balance or nerve disorder is the cause of dizziness or vertigo. (medlineplus.gov)
Neuropathy is a disorder that causes nerve damage and affects your ability to feel and move. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Sixth nerve palsies fall into the following categories: 3%-30% trauma, 0%-6% aneurysm, 0%-36% ischemic, 8%-30% idiopathic, and 10%-30% demyelination/miscellaneous. (medscape.com)

The abduces nerve then proceeds through the superior orbital fissure and innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (medscape.com)

High-resolution 3-T MR imaging helps characterize orbital and ocular soft-tissue lesions, permitting superior delineation of orbital soft tissues, cranial nerves, blood vessels, and blood flow and detection of intracranial extension of orbital disease. (radiologykey.com)

The nerve fibers leave the midbrain through the most medial part of the cerebral peduncle and enter the interpeduncular cistern. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC) and the initial parts of the nerve fibers are located within the tegmentum of the midbrain, which is in turn situated at the level of the tentorial notch, where it is surrounded by parts of the diencephalon, cerebellum, and cerebral hemisphere (Parent and Carpenter, 1995). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Kontzialis M, Choudhri AF, Patel VR, Subramanian PS, Ishii M, Gallia GL, Aygun N, Blitz AM. High-Resolution 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Sixth Cranial Nerve: Anatomic and Pathologic Considerations by Segment. (ucdenver.edu)

It divides into three branches called the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve. (newhealthadvisor.org)
The intraconal space contains fat, the ciliary ganglion, the ophthalmic artery and vein, and branches of the ophthalmic nerve. (radiologykey.com)
The ophthalmic artery and vein and cranial nerves enter the intraconal space through the annulus of Zinn. (radiologykey.com)

Nonpharmacologic and nonsurgical transcranial modulation of the nerve function may provide new opportunities in evaluation and treatment of cranial nerve diseases. (umbjournal.org)

the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (tabers.com)
The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (tabers.com)

Therefore, knowledge of the detailed anatomy and pathway of the oculomotor nerve is critical for the management of lesions located in the middle cranial fossa and the clival, cavernous, and orbital regions. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
This review describes the microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor nerve and presents pictures illustrating this nerve and its surrounding connective and neurovascular structures. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Nerve conduction velocity tests to help find out how and where the nerve is damaged. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Median nerve conduction velocity and F-responses were normal, but the amplitude of the evoked muscle-action potential was low. (cdc.gov)

During the course of a total physical examination in the Geriatrics division of the hospital, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the images provided evidence ‑ of the presence of a small (2.0 cm) tumor which involved several nerves in the cranial cavity of the 67‑year‑old male patient. (proprofs.com)

Cranial involvement can be isolated or diffuse including all cranial nerves. (entcase.net)
Apart from embolic cerebral infarctions and the involvement of peripheral nerves, 20-70% of patients with COVID-19 show a quantitative or qualitative disturbance of consciousness during the acute phase. (medscape.com)

Blood vessel complications in diabetes People with diabetes mellitus have many serious long-term complications that affect many areas of the body, particularly the blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. (msdmanuals.com)

If several different cranial nerves are affected, it is called multiple cranial neuropathies (MCN) . (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Patients older than 55 years with isolated sixth nerve palsies may require a less aggressive initial workup if they have predisposing microvascular ischemic risk factors, but no history of cancer. (medscape.com)

The abnormal right orbital apex shows abnormal T1 hypointense signal (yellow arrows) with loss of the expected hyperintense signal of T1 orbital fat and loss of identification of the right optic nerve (because of the similar T1 signal of the optic nerve and the abnormal surrounding soft tissue in the right orbital apex). (neurology.org)
B.a) Coronal STIR sequence: There is resolution of abnormal right orbital apex and optic nerve hyperintense STIR signal. (neurology.org)
B.c) Coronal T1 postcontrast with fat suppression image: There is complete resolution of abnormal enhancement of the right orbital apex and optic nerve. (neurology.org)
abnormal: usually applied to a blood vessel or nerve that does not follow its normal course. (datasn.io)

Anatomy16

Organisms1

Diseases17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes1

Properties of conditioned abducens nerve responses in a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle. (1/125)

Discharge profiles of abducens, accessory abducens, and orbicularis oculi motoneurons during reflex and conditioned blinks in alert cats. (2/125)

Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma--case report. (3/125)

Neuro-Behcet's disease presenting with isolated unilateral lateral rectus muscle palsy. (4/125)

Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements. (5/125)

Apparent dissociation between saccadic eye movements and the firing patterns of premotor neurons and motoneurons. (6/125)

Early components of the human vestibulo-ocular response to head rotation: latency and gain. (7/125)

Expansion of afferent vestibular signals after the section of one of the vestibular nerve branches. (8/125)

Abducens Nerve

Abducens Nerve Diseases

Abducens Nerve Injury

Horner Syndrome

Cavernous Sinus

Diplopia

Petrous Bone

Trochlear Nerve

Cranial Nerve Diseases

Eye Pain

Ophthalmoplegia

Oculomotor Nerve

Oculomotor Muscles

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms

Skull Fracture, Basilar

Oculomotor Nerve Diseases

Trigeminal Nerve

Paralysis

Duane Retraction Syndrome

Mucocele

Eye Movements

Electronystagmography

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Dura Mater

Cranial Fossa, Posterior

Skull Base

Turtles

Sciatic Nerve

Neurilemmoma

Peripheral Nerves

Paresis

Cranial Nerves

Brain Stem

Optic Nerve

Meningioma

Nerve Fibers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Properties of conditioned abducens nerve responses in a highly reduced in vitro brain stem preparation from the turtle. (1/125)

Discharge profiles of abducens, accessory abducens, and orbicularis oculi motoneurons during reflex and conditioned blinks in alert cats. (2/125)

Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous sinus cavernous hemangioma--case report. (3/125)

Neuro-Behcet's disease presenting with isolated unilateral lateral rectus muscle palsy. (4/125)

Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements. (5/125)

Apparent dissociation between saccadic eye movements and the firing patterns of premotor neurons and motoneurons. (6/125)

Early components of the human vestibulo-ocular response to head rotation: latency and gain. (7/125)

Expansion of afferent vestibular signals after the section of one of the vestibular nerve branches. (8/125)

Abducens Neuron Responses in Monkeys with Strabismus | IOVS | ARVO Journals

ZFIN Anatomy Ontology: caudal root of abducens nerve

Synaptic Structural Modification Following Changes in Activity Induced by David González-Forero, Angel M. Pastor et al.

Abducens nerve | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

Functional Alterations of Cat Abducens Neurons After Peripheral Tetanu by David González-Forero, Rosa R. de la Cruz et al.

Neural Control of Saccadic Eye Movements - Neuroscience - NCBI Bookshelf

Abducent nerves synonyms, Abducent nerves antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com

ICD-10-PCS Code 00XM4ZL - Transfer Facial Nerve to Abducens Nerve, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach - Codify by AAPC

Cellular schwannoma of the abducens nerve: case report and review of the literature.

ICD-10-PCS Code 008L3ZZ - Division of Abducens Nerve, Percutaneous Approach - Codify by AAPC

Abducens Nerve: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment

Abducent/Abducens Nerve Flashcards by Kelsey Thomas | Brainscape

Abducens and facial cranial nerves and nuclei | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org

Gaze Palsy, Familial Horizontal, with Progressive Scoliosis - CAGS

Eye movement prediction by Kalman filter with integrated linear horizontal oculomotor plant mechanical model | Sciweavers

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dreamstime s 64870414 | ABD

What does abducens nerve diseases mean?

What does abducens nerve injury mean?

Abducens Nerve Injury; Abducens Neuropathy, Traumatic; Sixth-Nerve Palsy, Traumatic

Benign Abducens Nerve Palsy (Benign Sixth Nerve Palsy Syndrome): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma

Abducens nerve palsy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

Sixth Cranial Nerve