9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene

Benz(a)Anthracenes

Carcinogens

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Dimethyl Suberimidate

Dimethyl Adipimidate

Sulfuric Acid Esters

Click Chemistry

Forestry

Structural Homology, Protein

User-Computer Interface

Scattering, Small Angle

Internet

Databases, Protein

Phosphoric Acids

Campylobacter jejuni

Transferases

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Bacterial Capsules

Molecular Sequence Data

Galactose

Ornithine Decarboxylase

Electromagnetic Fields

Ornithine

Polyamines

Eflornithine

Putrescine

Carboxy-Lyases

Cyclofenil

Fluorine

Papilloma

Benzopyrenes

Chrysenes

Phenanthrenes

Tannins

Hydrolyzable Tannins

Quercus

Astringents

Proanthocyanidins

Tanning

Atlantic Ocean

Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental

Skin Neoplasms

Mammary Neoplasms, Animal

Breast Neoplasms

Cell Line, Tumor

List of MeSH codes (D04)

List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens

List of IARC Group 3 Agents - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Carcinogenesis4

• One of the first models of experimental carcinogenesis in animals was carried out by Salley in 1954 [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
• Subsequently, several authors have standardized this model and repeated it in order to achieve new knowledge about DMBA and the process of experimentally induced carcinogenesis [ 2 , 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
• The synergistic effect of 9.10-dimethyl-1.2-benzanthracene and colchicine in skin carcinogenesis in mice. (nih.gov)
• Carcinogenesis, in many of the major organs, is a long process spanning 10 to 30 years starting from initiated cells and advancing to invasive cancer, theoretically providing a long "intervention window. (aacrjournals.org)

Carcinogens2

• While all mice and rats developed the expected tumors following treatment with both carcinogens, among Spalax no tumors were observed after DMBA/TPA treatment, while 3MCA induced benign fibroblastic proliferation in 2 Spalax individuals out of12, and only a single animal from the advanced age group developed malignancy 18 months post-treatment. (nih.gov)
• After applying various carcinogens, including 9,10-dimethyl-1,2 benzanthracene on the oral epithelium of Syrian hamsters for 3 months, Salley was able to verify the existence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and lymphatic metastases. (intechopen.com)

DMBA17

• Experimental induction of mesothelioma using 9:10-dimethyl, 1:2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in chicken. (bvsalud.org)
• Tea polyphenols treatment along with DMBA exposure resulted in upregulation of p53, and proapoptotic protein Bax, whereas enhanced expression of antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and survivin by DMBA were downregulated. (nih.gov)
• A comparison of GGT-positive foci at the completion of the DMBA regimen and at 10 weeks thereafter revealed no significant decrease in either the number or the size of the foci. (biomedsearch.com)
• During the same 10-week posttreatment period, several dysplastic and occasional neoplastic lesions, some of which displayed patchy GGT activity, developed in the pouch epithelium of DMBA-treated animals. (biomedsearch.com)
• In this study, we used 5-aminolevulinic (ALA) acid and 3 water soluble photosensitizers-PP(Arg)(2), PP(Ser)(2)Arg(2), PP(Ala)(2)Arg(2), all diamino acid derivatives of protoporphyrin IX-to treat benign papillomas in FVB/N mice induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). (biomedsearch.com)
• 9, 10 Dimethyl 1,2 benzanthracene (DMBA) also induced ODC activity of MCF-7 cells in similar manner. (cdc.gov)
• The growth of the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma was inhibited by doses ranging from 1 to 12 mg/kg. (uni-regensburg.de)
• We investigated a sex differences and the effects of ovariectomy on the histology of 9,10-dimethyl-1-,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced adenocarcinomas in the submandibular gland of rats. (nii.ac.jp)
• Wistar rats, (7 weeks-age, 58 females and 5 males) were divided four groups : (1) non ovariectomy, (2) ovariectomy, (3) Tamoxifen application, anti-estrogen Tamoxifen application after development of DMBA-induced adenocarcinoma (4) male rats. (nii.ac.jp)
• In thirty-two females non-ovariectomized rats a 0.1 ml of 1% DMBA dissolved in acetone was injected directly into the submandibular glands biweekly. (nii.ac.jp)
• In contrast, identical treatment with N-OH-3-ABA resulted in adduct levels in the same range as with DMBA (136+/-25 adducts/10(8) nucleotides), indicating that initial DNA adduct levels do not parallel tumour initiating activity. (openrepository.com)
• Interventions: A control group of 20 hamsters received application of the carcinogen 9,10- dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) to their cheek pouch mucosa. (elsevier.com)
• The effect of zinc on 9, 10 dimethyl- 1, 2 benzanthracene(DMBA) induced salivary gland tumours in the albino rat. (wits.ac.za)
• Of six tumors from DMBA/TPA-treated FVB/N mice, three had trisomy 10 or 15 (or both), and two appeared normal. (elsevier.com)
• Since estrogenic exposures early in life modify susceptibility to develop breast cancer, we wondered whether maternal dietary intake of 5% or 10% flaxseed during pregnancy or lactation (between postpartum days 5 and 25) might affect 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis in the rat offspring. (nih.gov)
• Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified diet containing olive oil (m-monoene fat), partially hydro-genated corn oil (trans-monoene fat), or a blend of these two oils at the 10% level and received a single oral dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthra-cene (DMBA). (elsevier.com)
• The animals were orally administered with PE (0.2-5.0 g/kg), starting 2 wk before and 16 wk following DMBA treatment. (omeka.net)

Genes4

• strain 81-176 contains two MeOPN transferase genes and has been shown previously to contain MeOPN modifications at the 2 and 6 positions of the galactose (Gal) moiety in the CPS. (bireme.br)
• We tested the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene polymorphism in the inflammatory response and in skin and lung tumori genes is in 2 lines of mice phenotypically selected for maximum or minimum acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmax and AIRmin, respectively). (elsevier.com)
• In skin tissue, transcript levels of ILlβ, Tnf, 06, Tgfβ 1 and Cyplbl genes were unregulated in AIRmin but not AIRmax mice, consistent with the inflammatory responses to the carcinogen. (elsevier.com)
• Activated Ha-ras genes with 61st codon A → T mutations were found in the epidermis of mice 1 week after topical initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene or urethane by using this assay. (elsevier.com)

Apoptosis5

• Pomegranate seed oil effected 90% inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 at 100 microg/ml medium, 75% inhibition of invasion of MCF-7 across a Matrigel membrane at 10 microg/ml, and 54% apoptosis in MDA-MB-435 estrogen receptor negative metastatic human breast cancer cells at 50 microg/ml. (nih.gov)
• Here, we show that multidomain proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak play a critical role in apoptosis induction by sulforaphane. (aacrjournals.org)
• Tissues from Chk2 -/- mice, including those from the thymus, central nervous system, fibroblasts, epidermis, and hair follicles, show significant defects in IR-induced apoptosis or impaired G 1 /S arrest. (elsevier.com)
• Quantitative comparison of the G 1 /S checkpoint, apoptosis, and expression of p53 proteins in Chk2 -/- versus ATM -/- thymocytes suggested that Chk2 can regulate p53-dependent apoptosis in an ATM-independent manner. (elsevier.com)
• Of seven bioflavonoids screened, galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) blocked PAH-induced but not C(2)-ceramide- or H(2)O(2)-induced pre-B cell apoptosis. (mblwhoilibrary.org)

Proteins3

• It has been shown that a number of proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV- 1) are phosphorylated and HSV-1 encodes viral PKs, but the role of phosphorylation of viral proteins in HSV-1 infection has not been clarified. (nii.ac.jp)
• In the present study, the effects of PK inhibitors including protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinoline- sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), on the replication of HSV-1 and phosphorylation of viral proteins were examined. (nii.ac.jp)
• The HSV-1 proteins which have phosphorylated tyrosine residues and suppressed by tyrphostin 9 most significantly were the products of the UL47 gene, the tegument proteins VP13/14. (nii.ac.jp)

Linoleic Acid1

• The difference in the fatty acid composition of dietary fats was confined to the geometry of octadecenoate with an appropriate supply of linoleic acid (2% of total energy). (elsevier.com)

Acetate4

• Outbred CD-1 and outbred Sencar mice received a single topical application of the hydrocarbons followed by twice weekly applications of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate for 16-26 weeks. (curehunter.com)
• On the other hand, PKC activator 12-o-teradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate enhanced the HSV-1-induced syncytium formation in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, suggesting that PKC activation promotes the development of multinucleated giant cells in herpetic muco-cutaneous lesions. (nii.ac.jp)
• Here, PAD2OE mice were treated with the carcinogen, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and with O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and then scored for papilloma formation. (springer.com)
• One week after initiation is 1-2 months before the appearance of benign papillomas that harbor activated Ha-ras oncogenes when the initiated mice are promoted with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. (elsevier.com)

Epithelial Cells1

• The number of proliferating cells, identified using PCNA stain, per 1,000 epithelial cells counted, in the mammary glands of 8-week-old rats fed 0%, 5% or 10% flaxseed diet in utero or during postnatal period (n=4-5 rats per group). (nih.gov)

Mammary11

• Characterization of ornithine decarboxylase activies of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and spontaneously immortalized human mammary cells (MCF-10). (cdc.gov)
• Preliminary to our studies of EMF on ODC in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and spontaneously immortalized human mammary cells (MCF-10), we attempted to characterize the enzyme's response to a number of common ODC inducers. (cdc.gov)
• The antineoplastic activity of the antiestrogen 5-acetoxy-2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-3-methylindole (D 16726) was determined in several estrogen-dependent mammary tumor models. (uni-regensburg.de)
• Tested on the 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced hormone-dependent mammary adenocarcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat all compounds showed marked inhibition of tumor growth. (uni-regensburg.de)
• For example, sulforaphane was shown to offer statistically significant protection against 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats (15) . (aacrjournals.org)
• L-SFN or synthetic SFN offered protection against 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary cancer in rats, azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats, and benzo( a )pyrene-induced forestomach cancer in mice ( 9 - 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• In addition, BALB/c and C57BL/6 females were treated with progesterone or MPA for 1 or 2 months, and mammary glands were excised for histologic studies and for immunohistochemical and Western blot evaluation of ER and PR. (biomedcentral.com)
• Cherrington BD, Morency E, Struble AM, Coonrod SA, Wakshlag JJ (2010) Potential role for peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in citrullination of canine mammary epithelial cell histones. (springer.com)
• Our data indicated that both in utero and postnatal 5% and 10% flaxseed exposures shortened mammary tumor latency, and 10% flaxseed exposure increased tumor multiplicity, compared to the controls. (nih.gov)
• ER-α protein expression, determined by immunohistochemistry, in the mammary glands of 8-week-old rats exposed to a 0%, 5% or 10% flaxseed diet in utero or during postnatal period (n=4-5 rats per group). (nih.gov)
• In addition, our gene expression study showed PE-mediated upregulation of Bad, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and cytochrome c in mammary tumors. (omeka.net)

Rats9

• 2.2 Toxicological studies 2.2.1 Special studies on embryotoxicity 2.2.1.1 Rats The embryotoxicity of diminazene dissolved in distilled water was studied in mated female Wistar rats. (inchem.org)
• 1977). In another study, doses of 2 or 20 mg/kg bw of 14 C-ring- labelled tolylfluanid were orally administered to male and female Wistar rats. (inchem.org)
• A group of rats of both sexes were also pretreated for 14 days with daily doses of 2 mg/kg bw of non-radioactive tolylfluanid before receiving the radioactive compound. (inchem.org)
• Biotransformation A single dose of fluorodichloromethyl- 14 C-labelled tolylfluanid was administered orally or intravenously to rats (5 or 10 mg/kg bw). (inchem.org)
• The main radioactive metabolite in the urine of treated rats was found to be thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carbonic acid (TTC). (inchem.org)
• 1. The effects of frozen irradiated homogenous bone grafts on the healing of circumscribed defects in the mandibles and femora of forty albino rats have been studied. (wits.ac.za)
• Further, when assessed in 8-week-old rats, in utero 10% flaxseed exposure increased lobular ER-alpha protein levels, and both in utero and postnatal flaxseed exposures dose-dependently reduced ER-beta protein levels in the terminal end buds (TEBs) lobules and ducts. (nih.gov)
• Rats exposed to 10% flaxseed in utero exhibited elevated, and rats exposed to 5% flaxseed during postnatal period reduced expression of this receptor. (nih.gov)
• Rats received either TMX or estradiol benzoate (E 2 B) for 3 or 7 days. (elsevier.com)

Receptors1

• 3 H]4-(dimethylamino)-N-(4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)- butyl)benzamide: A selective radioligand for dopamine D 3 receptors. (unthsc.edu)

Tumors4

• To identify possible genetic changes associated with the development of malignant tumors, explanted cells were cultured En vitro and assessed for karyotypic changes between the second and third passages by analyzing G-banded metaphase chromosomes. (elsevier.com)
• Multiple skin tumors in mice following a single painting with 9:10 dimethyl-1:2 benzanthracene. (docphin.com)
• An inhalation slope factor of 6.1 (mg/kg/day) -1 (U.S. EPA, 1992b) was calculated for benzo[ a ]pyrene based on the incidence of respiratory tumors in golden hamsters treated with benzo[ a ]pyrene (Thyssen et al. (ornl.gov)
• Eradication of transplanted leukemia in mice and attempts at inhibition of other manifest malignant tumors in mice by treatment with 9 : 10-dimethyl- 1 : 2-benzanthracene. (le-jasmin-briancon.com)

Tumor7

• Here we addressed the questions of (1) whether Spalax is resistant to chemically-induced tumorigenesis, and (2) whether normal fibroblasts isolated from Spalax possess tumor-suppressive activity. (nih.gov)
• Evidence that tumorigenesis is a multistage process first emerged from experiments showing that wounding of skin previously treated with coal tar resulted in tumor formation at the wound site (1). (springer.com)
• 1949. The persistence of latent tumor cells induced in the mouse's skin by a single application of 9,10-dimethyl-1-2-benzanthracene. (springer.com)
• In future, we will test the inhibitory effect of above described PK inhibitors on both HSV-1 and tumor formation in vivo. (nii.ac.jp)
• Interestingly, most of the genetically modified mice available for the study of breast cancer do not express ER and PR [ 2 ], leaving few models available in which to address hormone-dependent tumor progression specifically. (biomedcentral.com)
• Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin exerts anticancer activities in many cancer cell lines and tumor models targeting multiple signaling pathways including Notch1 ( 6 ), COX-2 ( 7 ), chk1 ( 8 ), NF-κB ( 9, 10 ), SP1 ( 9 ), and Stat3 ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• To assess the effects of single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on solid tumor initiation, and investigate their roles in immune response () were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=20) to be intraperitoneally injected with 10 Cited by: Histopathological analysis of mice. (le-jasmin-briancon.com)

Mice3

• Mice are challenged with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) to determine the correlation of tissue damage as quantified by OCT to increased susceptibility. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
• A separate group of mice are treated similarly then challenged with HSV-2. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
• Female SENCAR mice were fed 1 of 3 15% fat diets containing LA at levels of 0.8,4.5, and 8.4% before, during, and after intragastric administration of 6 mg (1 mg/week) 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthnicene. (uthscsa.edu)

Oxidative Stress1

• 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the disease or condition which is treatable, preventable, or ameliorable by the activation of transcription factor Nrf2 is oxidative stress, detoxification of xenobiotic substances, chronic inflammation, or a disease or condition related thereto. (freepatentsonline.com)

Cells10

• Melatonin induced ODC activity significantly in MCF-7 cells with 1 nM concentration at 12h. (cdc.gov)
• According to the "hit-and-run" model, the presence of the virus is only required to initiate events leading to the transformation of infected cells ( 1 ). (asm.org)
• The growth of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells was inhibited by the hydroxy derivative D 15414 (10(-8)-10(-5) M). Because of the high binding affinity of D 15414 for the estrogen receptor (RBA 6.7-10.0) and the lack of activity against hormone-independent MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells, a specific mode of action involving the estrogen receptor is likely. (uni-regensburg.de)
• Depletion of CENP-E from cultured human cells using antisense oligonucleotides or RNAi causes prolonged cell-cycle delay in mitosis that is characterized by an intact bipolar mitotic spindle with several chromosomes clustered close to either spindle pole ( 10 , 11 ). (pnas.org)
• 4. The composition according to claim 1, for use in the prevention or suppression of metastasis or infiltration of cancer cells. (freepatentsonline.com)
• We now show that SFN treatment causes transcriptional repression of androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP and C4-2 human prostate cancer cells at pharmacologic concentrations. (aacrjournals.org)
• Exposure of LNCaP and C4-2 cells to SFN resulted in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent decrease in protein levels of total AR as well as Ser 210/213 -phosphorylated AR. (aacrjournals.org)
• L-SFN was shown to cause transcriptional induction of phase 2 enzymes in prostate cancer cells ( 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• For example, we have reported a novel mechanism for SFN-induced G 2 -M phase cell cycle arrest in cultured prostate cancer cells involving checkpoint kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of cell division cycle 25C, leading to its sequestration in the cytosol ( 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• MCP-1/CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2) is a β or CC chemokine that is expressed by a variety of cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial, smooth muscle, and glial cells. (elsevier.com)

Fibroblasts1

• Effect of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene on the growth of hamster dermal fibroblasts in primary culture. (bvsalud.org)

Inhibitor1

• PKC inhibitor H-7 also inhibited the replication of HSV-1. (nii.ac.jp)

20011

• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. (springer.com)

Food and Chemical Toxicology1

• Food and Chemical Toxicology , 45 (10), 1868-1872. (elsevier.com)

Inflammation1

• 5. The composition according to claim 1, for use in the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of inflammation of the arterial wall which leads to arteriosclerosis. (freepatentsonline.com)

Vitro2

• The starting component 2,3-epoxypropyl neodecanoate, which is mutagenic in vitro , and in vivo , as has been shown in bacterial mutagenicity tests and in an in vivo somatic cell test, is classified as mutagenic Cat. (europa.eu)
• The mutagenic effect in the in vitro bacterial mutagenicity test is induced by not reacted 2,3-epoxypropyl neodecanoate, which is mutagenic in vitro. (europa.eu)

Compounds3

• Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). (curehunter.com)
• All of the compounds, except the 9,10-dim ethyl derivative, exhibit dim er emission at higher concentrations. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
• Cancer risk reduction using pharmacologic agents, although proven to work, are not generally accepted ( 1 ), and consideration of natural bioactive compounds from dietary sources has emerged as an attractive chemopreventive strategy as these sources have played an important role in the discovery and development of novel chemopreventive agents ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Prevention2

• 1. A composition for use in the treatment, prevention or amelioration of a disease or condition which is treatable, preventable, or ameliorable by activation of transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2), comprising isohumulones or isomerized hop extract as an active ingredient. (freepatentsonline.com)
• The induction of phase 2 carcinogen-inactivating enzymes is an important mechanism in the prevention of chemically induced cancers by SFN ( 5 , 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Journal2

• International Journal of Molecular Medicine , 20 (1), 129-136. (elsevier.com)
• Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition , 2 (1), 41-53. (elsevier.com)

Incidence1

• Figure 2 shows the results relative to the histopathological analysis of the lung, kidney and urinary bladder in terms of incidence, and provides examples of histopathological appearance of the lesions are shown next to each graph. (le-jasmin-briancon.com)

Fluorescence1

• Observations have been made of the concentration dependence of the fluorescence spectra of solutions of 1:2-benzanthracene and fifteen of its hydrocarbon derivatives. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

Nutrition1

• 12. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the food is a health food, functional food, food for specified health use, nutrition supplement food, food claiming to reduce disease risk, and food for patients. (freepatentsonline.com)

Notation1

• This Skin Notation Profile provides the SK assignment and supportive data for phe- nol (CAS No. 108-95-2). (cdc.gov)

Derivative1

• AS hepatic damage was shown to protect the adrenal glands against necrosis it appears that the metabolic conversion of 9;10-dimethyl-1;2-benzanthracene to an adrenolytic derivative is a function of the liver. (gla.ac.uk)

Research2

• Proceedings of the Eighty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, March 28 - April 1, 1998, New Orleans, Louisiana. (cdc.gov)
• Cancer Research , 52 (9), 2489-2496. (edu.au)

Residues1

• Microinjection of antibody directed against CENP-E ( 13 , 14 ) and expression of N-terminal deletion mutants of CENP-E lacking 800 or more N-terminal residues, including the motor domain ( 9 , 13 ), produced a similar failure of the minority of chromosomes to achieve metaphase alignment. (pnas.org)

Concentration2

• Lesser concentrations were found in perirenal fat, brain, gonads and thyroid (3 to 9 times less than the mean body concentration). (inchem.org)
• PgR concentration increased after 3 days of either E 2 B or TMX administration, but decreased when treatment was prolonged to 7 days. (elsevier.com)

Skin2

• In the human body, around 60% of zinc is present in muscles, 30% in bones, and the remaining 10% in skin, hair, pancreas, kidneys and plasma. (mdpi.com)
• 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the disease or condition is cerebral nerve degenerative disease, eye disease, skin disease, asthma, or a disease or condition related thereto. (freepatentsonline.com)

Derivatives1

• Acyl derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines. (biomedsearch.com)

Induction1

• Interestingly, sulforaphane treatment also caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in the protein level of Apaf-1 in wild-type, Bax −/− , and Bak −/− MEFs but not in double knockout, suggesting that Bax and Bak might regulate sulforaphane-mediated induction of Apaf-1 protein. (aacrjournals.org)

Dietary1

• Observational studies suggest that dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables may be inversely associated with the risk of different malignancies, including cancer of the prostate ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Genome1

• HVS-induced T-cell lymphomas uniformly retain viral genome ( 10 ). (asm.org)

Acid1

• The primary ginsenosides and their metabolic cousins have a steroid-like structure (2-3) and are generated by acid hydrolysis of saponins (4) and human intestinal bacteria. (kanker-actueel.nl)

Molecular1

• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 627 , p. 91-100 10 p. (unthsc.edu)

Substance1

• 1% of the mutagenic substance 2,3-epoxypropyl neodecanoate. (europa.eu)