8 bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Medical search

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in LEUKOCYTES, the SPLEEN, the THYMUS and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

A subtype of ADENOSINE RECEPTOR that is found expressed in a variety of tissues including the BRAIN and DORSAL HORN NEURONS. The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE to INOSINE with the elimination of AMMONIA.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

A subtype of ADENOSINE RECEPTOR that is found expressed in a variety of locations including the BRAIN and endocrine tissues. The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.

A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in the CECUM, the COLON, the BLADDER, and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a low affinity receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-adenosine. Antilipemic agent. Synonym: TH 162.

A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

A subclass of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS that are generally considered to be coupled to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN which causes up regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. The enzyme family includes over twenty different variants that occur due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA of at least four different genes.

Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.

Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

(11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGE(2)); and (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGE(3)). Three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. They are considered primary in that no one is derived from another in living organisms. Originally isolated from sheep seminal fluid and vesicles, they are found in many organs and tissues and play a major role in mediating various physiological activities.

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIBETA SUBUNIT.

A plant genus of the family NELUMBONACEAE. The common name of lotus is also for LOTUS and NYMPHAEA.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Specific enzyme subunits that form the active sites of the type I and type II cyclic-AMP protein kinases. Each molecule of enzyme contains two catalytic subunits.

A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding partner for CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in CREB-binding protein are associated with RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME.

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.

Cell surface proteins that bind cyclic AMP with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized cyclic AMP receptors are those of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The transcription regulator CYCLIC AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN of prokaryotes is not included nor are the eukaryotic cytoplasmic cyclic AMP receptor proteins which are the regulatory subunits of CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

Agents that soften, separate, and cause desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. They are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.

Cell surface proteins that bind PURINES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized classes of purinergic receptors in mammals are the P1 receptors, which prefer ADENOSINE, and the P2 receptors, which prefer ATP or ADP.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP. EC 3.5.4.6.

Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.

A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A glycoprotein enzyme present in various organs and in many cells. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a 5'-ribonucleotide to a ribonucleoside and orthophosphate in the presence of water. It is cation-dependent and exists in a membrane-bound and soluble form. EC 3.1.3.5.

A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

DITERPENES with three LACTONES and a unique tert-butyl group, which are found in GINKGO plants along with BILOBALIDES.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that activate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.

Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Purine bases related to hypoxanthine, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis and a breakdown product of adenine catabolism.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism.

A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

A set of BACTERIAL ADHESINS and TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL produced by BORDETELLA organisms that determine the pathogenesis of BORDETELLA INFECTIONS, such as WHOOPING COUGH. They include filamentous hemagglutinin; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; pertactin; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN; dermonecrotic toxin; tracheal cytotoxin; Bordetella LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; and tracheal colonization factor.

A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiologically active agent after administration of a few doses. In immunology, it is the rapid immunization against the effect of toxic doses of an extract or serum by previous injection of small doses. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.

A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.205.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

cAMP inhibits translation by inducing Ca2+/calmodulin-independent elongation factor 2 kinase activity in IPC-81 cells. (1/1207)

Treatment of IPC-81 cells led to inhibition of protein synthesis, which was accompanied by an increase in the average size of polysomes and a decreased rate of elongation, indicating that it involved inhibition of peptide chain elongation. This inhibition was also associated with increased phosphorylation of elongation factor eEF2 (which inhibits its activity) and enhanced Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of eEF2 kinase. Previous work has shown that phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) in vitro induces such activator-independent activity, and the present data show that such a mechanism can occur in intact cells to link physiological levels of cAPK activation with inhibition of protein synthesis. (+info)

Melatonin inhibits release of luteinizing hormone (LH) via decrease of [Ca2+]i and cyclic AMP. (2/1207)

The role of [Ca2+]i and cAMP in transduction of the melatonin inhibitory effect on GnRH-induced LH release from neonatal rat gonadotrophs has been studied, because melatonin inhibits the increase of both intracellular messengers. Treatments increasing Ca2+ influx (S(-) Bay K8644 or KCI) or cAMP concentration (8-bromo-cAMP or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) potentiated the GnRH-induced LH release and partially diminished the inhibitory effect of melatonin. Combination of the treatments increasing cAMP and calcium concentrations blocked completely the melatonin inhibition of LH release. The combined treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP and S(-) Bay K8644 also blocked the melatonin inhibition of GnRH-induced [Ca2+]i increase in 89 % of the gonadotrophs, while any of the treatments alone blocked the melatonin effect in about 25 % of these cells. These observations suggest that a cAMP-dependent pathway is involved in regulation of Ca2+ influx by melatonin and melatonin inhibition of LH release may be mediated by the decrease of both messengers. (+info)

Calcium and cAMP are second messengers in the adipokinetic hormone-induced lipolysis of triacylglycerols in Manduca sexta fat body. (3/1207)

We have previously shown that stereospecific hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerol by a phosphorylatable triacylglycerol-lipase is the pathway for the adipokinetic hormone-stimulated synthesis of sn -1, 2-diacylglycerol in insect fat body. The current series of experiments were designed to determine whether cAMP and/or calcium are involved in the signal transduction pathway for adipokinetic hormone in the fat body. After adipokinetic hormone treatment, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the fat body rapidly increased and reached a maximum after 20 min, suggesting that adipokinetic hormone causes an increase in cAMP. Forskolin (0.1 micrometer), an adenylate cyclase activator, induced up to a 97% increase in the secretion of diacylglycerol from the fat body. 8Br-cAMP (a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP) produced a 40% increase in the hemolymph diacylglycerol content. Treatment with cholera toxin, which also stimulates adenylate cyclase, induced up to a 145% increase in diacylglycerol production. Chelation of extracellular calcium produced up to 70% inhibition of the adipokinetic hormone-dependent mobilization of lipids. Calcium-mobilizing agents, ionomycin and thapsigargin, greatly stimulated DG production by up to 130%. Finally, adipokinetic hormone caused a rapid increase of calcium uptake into the fat body. Our findings indicate that the action of adipokinetic hormone in mobilizing lipids from the insect fat body involves both cAMP and calcium as intracellular messengers. (+info)

The mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on aromatase activity in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (4/1207)

We investigated aromatization and the mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) on oestradiol biosynthesis in freshly prepared granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. Freshly prepared granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries incubated for only 3 h under basal conditions secreted significantly (P< 0.001) greater amounts of oestradiol-17beta than that of granulosa cells from normal ovaries. 8-Bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), but not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH), further enhanced this activity. Both EGF and TGFalpha inhibited gonadotrophinor 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated, but not basal, oestradiol production. LH receptor (LHR) binding, estimated by immunolabelling the bound LH, was significantly (P< 0.001) reduced in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries when compared with cells from normal ovaries. EGF or TGFalpha significantly reduced the binding in cultured cells from all patient groups (P< 0.05). More interestingly, a further increase of the inhibitory effect was seen in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries (P < 0.001). In conclusion, granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries contain high levels of basal aromatase activity in vitro, which is probably inherited from the in-vivo condition. EGF and TGFalpha suppress oestradiol synthesis at a step beyond the production of cAMP and also LHR binding with more effect in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (+info)

Beta2-adrenergic receptor overexpression in the developing mouse heart: evidence for targeted modulation of ion channels. (5/1207)

1. We studied the effect of overexpression of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) in the heart on ion channel currents in single cells isolated from hearts of fetal and neonatal transgenic and wild-type mice. The beta2-AR transgene construct was under the control of the murine alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) promoter, and ion channel activity was measured at distinct developmental stages using whole-cell and perforated patch clamp techniques. 2. We found no change in L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICa) density in early embryonic stages (E11-13) of beta2-AR transgenic positive (TG+) mice, but significant increases in ICa density in intermediate (E14-16, 152 %) and late (E17-19, 173.7 %) fetal and neonatal (1 day post partum, 161 %) TG+ compared with transgenic negative (TG-) mice. This increase in ICa was accompanied by a negative shift in the peak of the current-voltage relationship in TG+ mice. 3. Transient (< 3 min) or prolonged (16-24 h) exposure of TG- neonatal stage myocytes to 8-Br-cAMP (300 microM) increased ICa density and caused a shift in the current-voltage relationship to a similar extent to that seen in TG+ mice. In TG+ myocytes, 8-Br-cAMP had no effect. Exposure of TG+ cells to Rp-cAMPS reversed both the shift in voltage dependence and reduced the peak current density observed in these myocytes. We concluded from these results that the L-type Ca2+ channel is maximally modulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in TG+ mice and that the alpha-MHC promoter is functional in the ventricle as early as embryonic day 14. 4. In contrast, we found that slow delayed rectifier K+ channels were not changed significantly at any of the developmental stages studied by the overexpression of beta2-ARs compared with TG- mice. The sensitivity of murine slow delayed rectifier K+ channels to cAMP was tested by both transient and prolonged exposure to 8-Br-cAMP (300 microM), which increased the slow delayed rectifier K+ channel current (IK,s) density to a similar extent in both TG- and TG+ neonatal myocytes. In addition, we found that there was no difference in the concentration dependence of the response of ICa and IK,s to 8-Br-cAMP. 5. Thus, overexpression of the beta2-AR in the heart results in distinct modulation of ICa, but not IK,s, and this is not due to differences in the 8-Br-cAMP sensitivity of the two channels. Instead, these results are consistent with both compartmentalization of beta2-AR-controlled cAMP and distinct localization of L-type Ca2+ and slow delayed rectifier K+ channels. This cAMP is targeted preferentially to the L-type Ca2+ channel and is not accessible to the slow delayed rectifier K+ channel. (+info)

Diazepam-binding inhibitor33-50 elicits Ca2+ oscillation and CCK secretion in STC-1 cells via L-type Ca2+ channels. (6/1207)

We recently isolated and characterized 86-amino acid CCK-releasing peptide from porcine intestinal mucosa. The sequence of this peptide is identical to that of porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). Intraduodenal administration of DBI stimulates the CCK release and elicits pancreatic secretion in rats. In this study we utilized a murine tumor cell line (STC-1 cells) that contains CCK to examine if DBI directly acts on these cells to stimulate CCK release. We investigated the cellular mechanisms responsible for this action. We showed that DBI33-50, a biologically active fragment of DBI1-86, significantly stimulated CCK secretion in STC-1 cells. This action was abolished by Ca2+-free medium. The mean basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was 52 nM in fura 2-loaded STC-1 cells. DBI33-50 (1-1,000 nM) elicited Ca2+ oscillations; DBI33-50 (10 nM) increased the oscillation frequency to 5 cycles/10 min and elicited a net [Ca2+]i increase (peak - basal) to 157 nM. In contrast, bombesin and forskolin caused an initial transient [Ca2+]i followed by a small sustained [Ca2+]i plateau. Withdrawal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished Ca2+ oscillations stimulated by DBI33-50. L-type Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and diltiazem (3-10 microM) markedly attenuated DBI-stimulated Ca2+ oscillations. In other cell types L-type Ca2+ channels are activated by cAMP-protein kinase A. DBI33-50 failed to stimulate cAMP formation in STC-1 cells. Similarly, DBI33-50 had no effect on myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate concentration ([IP3]), whereas bombesin caused an eightfold increase in [IP3] over basal. In addition, inhibitors of phospholipase C (U-73122), phospholipase A2 (ONO-RS-082), and protein tyrosine kinase (genistein) did not alter the Ca2+ oscillations elicited by DBI33-50. It appears that DBI33-50 acts directly on STC-1 cells to elicit Ca2+ oscillations via the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels, resulting in the secretion of CCK. Mediation of this action is by intracellular mechanisms independent of the traditional signal transduction pathways, including phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, protein tyrosine kinase, and cAMP systems. (+info)

Oxytocin-induced Ca2+ responses in human myometrial cells. (7/1207)

Complex spatiotemporal changes in intracellular Ca2+ were monitored in an immortalized human myometrial cell line (PHM1-41) and first-passage human myometrial cells after oxytocin stimulation (1. 0-1000 nM). Laser cytometry revealed intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in both culture systems starting at 1.0 nM, which were followed by repetitive Ca2+ transients by 10-15 min that lasted for at least 90 min. The amplitude of the initial Ca2+ spike was dose dependent, while the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations identified by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) tended to increase with dose. Removal of oxytocin resulted in termination of oscillations. Analysis of the sources of the Ca2+ involved in oscillations indicated that the major contribution to oscillation frequencies of +info)

Adrenergic control of the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current in canine atrial myocytes. (8/1207)

1. The effects of adrenergic stimulation on the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur,d) of dog atrial myocytes was studied with patch-clamp methods. 2. Isoproterenol (isoprenaline) increased IKur,d in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC50 of 7.3 +/- 0.8 nM. The effect of isoproterenol was blocked by propranolol, mimicked by forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP, and prevented by inhibition of protein kinase A. 3. Phenylephrine (in the presence of propranolol) increased IKur,d with an EC50 of 0.49 +/- 0.06 microM. The effect of phenylephrine was blocked by prazosin, prevented by inhibition of protein kinase C, and mimicked by activation of protein kinase C with phorbol ester. 4. Phenylephrine significantly abbreviated canine atrial action potential duration in the absence of tetraethylammonium (TEA). When TEA was present under both control conditions and in the presence of phenylephrine, phenylephrine failed to alter canine atrial repolarization. 5. We conclude that beta- and alpha-adrenergic stimulation increase IKur,d via protein kinase A and C, respectively, and that the induced changes in IKur,d may play a role in adrenergic control of canine atrial repolarization. (+info)

... cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) is a brominated derivative of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 8-Br-cAMP is an ... cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate at Sigma-Aldrich 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine ... activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and it is long-acting because it is resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP ... Monophosphate at PubChem (Articles without InChI source, Articles without KEGG source, Articles with changed ChemSpider ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-Bromoadenosine_3',5'-cyclic_monophosphate

... cyclic adp-ribose MeSH D13.695.667.138.180 - adenosine monophosphate MeSH D13.695.667.138.180.080 - adenosine phosphosulfate ... cyclic adp-ribose MeSH D13.695.827.068.180 - adenosine monophosphate MeSH D13.695.827.068.180.080 - adenosine phosphosulfate ... cyclic cmp MeSH D13.695.462.275 - cyclic gmp MeSH D13.695.462.275.325 - dibutyryl cyclic gmp MeSH D13.695.462.300 - cyclic imp ... adenosine diphosphate MeSH D13.695.667.138.124.070 - adenosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D13.695.667.138.124.070.075 - adenosine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D13)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a signal molecule whose prevalence is inversely proportional to that of glucose. It ... Colonies that produce β-galactosidase are turned blue by X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside) which is an ... Botsford, J L; Harman, J G (March 1992). "Cyclic AMP in prokaryotes". Microbiological Reviews. 56 (1): 100-122. doi:10.1128/ ... Montminy, M. (1997). "Transcriptional regulation by cyclic AMP". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 66: 807-822. doi:10.1146/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_operon

... activity produced by treatment with either DB-cyclic AMP (N6,2-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3,5 monophosphate) or 8 Br-cyclic AMP, ... Sensitivity and cyclic nucleotides in the rat pineal gland. Zatz M. Zatz M. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1978;(13):97-114. J Neural ... Calcium potentiates cyclic AMP stimulation of pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase. Yu L, Schaad NC, Klein DC. Yu L, et al ... The 48-h CT treatment increased cyclic AMP accumulation 10- to 17-fold but blocked the norepinephrine (NE)-induced increase in ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8199855

Title: Regulation of cytochrome P4501B1 in cultured rat adrenocortical cells by cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate and 2,3,7, ... Cyclic AMP/pharmacology*; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics*; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/ ... Maximal stimulation of CYP1B1 protein and mRNA by ACTH has been duplicated in fasciculata cells by 8-bromo-cAMP and the ... MeSH Terms: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology; 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/metabolism; Adrenal Cortex/ ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=385305

8 Treatment with Wnt4 agonist improvs decidualization. (a, b) Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using Wnt4 antibody. ... b, c) HESCs were infected with Ad-LacZ or Ad-Flag-EHD1 at the MOI indicated and treated with 8-Br-cAMP and MPA for three days, ... 2022 Dec 8;23(24):15573. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415573. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. PMID: 36555215 Free PMC article. ... 2022 Dec 8;20(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s12915-022-01483-0. BMC Biol. 2022. PMID: 36482461 Free PMC article. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31707150/

Strategies to enhance Tg promoter activity by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors and 8-bromo cyclic adenosine ... monophosphate (cAMP), by use of a tandemly repeated Tg core promoter, and to extend its applicability to poorly differentiated ... 8,9] p53 restoration has been shown to be associated with a bystander effect, which means that not only p53-transduced cells ... 8] indicated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide enhances apoptotic killing by p53 gene transfer in anaplastic ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/483773_2

Hawking F, Wilson ME, Gammage K: Evidence for cyclic short-lived maturity in the gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans R ... Inselburg J: Stage-specific inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on asexual maturation and gametocyte formation of Plasmodium ... Trager W, Gill GS: Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte formation in vitro: its stimulation by phorbol diesters and by 8-bromo ... cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J Protozool. 1989, 36: 451-454.. CAS PubMed Google Scholar ...

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-3-24

... cyclic 3,5-(hydrogen phosphate). Previous Indexing. Adenine Nucleotides (1966-1968). Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate (1968- ... Nucleotides, Cyclic [D13.695.462] * Cyclic AMP [D13.695.462.200] * 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate [D13.695.462.200.225] ... It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. Entry ... A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015124

Cyclic 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative had little effect on membrane properties. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP ... Responses to ACh or 5-HT were not mimicked by 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which greatly reduced spike amplitude and ... The effects were specific to the 3′, 5′ form; 2′, 3′-cyclic GMP had no effect. Cyclic GMP dramatically reduced the duration of ... salivary gland, leech, Haementeria ghilianii, 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine, cyclic nucleotides, action potential ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/157/1/101/6186/Initiation-and-Modulation-Of-Action-Potentials-in

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on cyclic nucleotide binding to the Escherichia coli adenosine cyclic 3,5-phosphate ... monophosphate and guanosine cyclic 3,5-monophosphate to the adenosine cyclic 3,5-monophosphate receptor protein from ... Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on cyclic nucleotide binding to the Escherichia coli adenosine cyclic 3,5-phosphate ... Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on cyclic nucleotide binding to the Escherichia coli adenosine cyclic 3,5-phosphate ...

https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6289868

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015124

Canfuwyd 1 o arbenigwyr gydag allbwn ymchwil yn gysylltiedig ir holl gysyniadau a ddewiswyd ...

https://pure.aber.ac.uk/portal/cy/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=45310537&conceptIds=44990630&conceptIds=46340270&conceptIds=45639671

... α-QL could not be mimicked by either 8-bromo cAMP or forskolin. However, nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, potently and ... α-QL could not be mimicked by either 8-bromo cAMP or forskolin. However, nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, potently and ... α-QL could not be mimicked by either 8-bromo cAMP or forskolin. However, nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, potently and ... α-QL could not be mimicked by either 8-bromo cAMP or forskolin. However, nifedipine, a calcium channel antagonist, potently and ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/role-of-stimulatory-guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-gs%CE%B1-in-pro

keywords = "nonylphenol, testosterone, cyclic AMP, steroidogenesis, 17β-FISD",. author = "Jen-Jung Wu and Kai-Lee Wang and I- ... and cyclic AMP pathway in Leydig cells. These results suggested that oral administration of NP inhibited steroidogenesis of ... and cyclic AMP pathway in Leydig cells. These results suggested that oral administration of NP inhibited steroidogenesis of ... and cyclic AMP pathway in Leydig cells. These results suggested that oral administration of NP inhibited steroidogenesis of ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-oral-nonylphenol-on-testosterone-production-in-rat-ley

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences 22% View full fingerprint ... The activity of this channel was also increased by adding forskolin or 8-bromo cAMP to the bath. Additionally, application of ... The activity of this channel was also increased by adding forskolin or 8-bromo cAMP to the bath. Additionally, application of ... The activity of this channel was also increased by adding forskolin or 8-bromo cAMP to the bath. Additionally, application of ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-activates-casup2sup-dependent-ksups

... the analog of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) 8 bromo cAMP (4 × 10−3m; Sigma), the inhibitor of phosphor-diesterases 3- ... This effect was stereoselective and was completely blocked by yohimbine and the combination of the cyclic monophosphate ... This is most likely to be explained by the energy deprivation caused by OGD, because the phosphorylation process is adenosine ... 8.. Laudenbach V, Mantz J, Lagercrantz H, Desmonts JM, Evrard P, Gressens P: Effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists on perinatal ...

https://asa2.silverchair.com/anesthesiology/article-split/103/5/969/6909/Effects-of-Dexmedetomidine-on-Hippocampal-Focal

Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars D3.438.759.646.138.124.70 D3.633.100.759.646.138.124.70 Adenosine Monophosphate D3.438.759.646. ... Cyclic ADP-Ribose D3.438.759.646.138.124.70.125.195 D3.633.100.759.646.138.124.70.125.195 Cyclic AMP D3.438.759.646.138.395 ... Adenosine A1 D12.776.543.750.100.700.700.100 D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.100 Receptor, Adenosine A2A D12.776.543.750.100.700. ... Adenosine D3.438.759.590.138 D3.633.100.759.590.138 Adenosine Diphosphate D3.438.759.646.138.124 D3.633.100.759.646.138.124 ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2017.txt

D3.438.759.646.138.124.70.125 Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars D3.438.759.646.138.124.70 Adenosine Monophosphate D3.438.759.646. ... D3.438.759.646.138.395 Cyclic CMP D3.383.742.686.246.115 Cyclic GMP D3.438.759.646.454.160 Cyclic IMP D3.438.759.646.616.300 ... D3.438.759.646.138 Adenosine D3.438.759.590.138 Adenosine Diphosphate D3.438.759.646.138.124 Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose ... 138.180 Adenosine Phosphosulfate D3.438.759.646.138.180.80 Adenosine Triphosphate D3.438.759.646.138.236 Adenosine-5-(N- ...

https://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mesh/.newterms/mnchg2007.txt

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

... adenosine monophosphate, but was not observed in response to angiotensin II, IGF-1, fibroblast growth factor-2, transforming ... The induction of TIMP-2 by ACTH required transcription, was mimicked by 8-bromo cyclic 3-5 ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/282093.html

Canfuwyd 1 o arbenigwyr gydag allbwn ymchwil yn gysylltiedig ir holl gysyniadau a ddewiswyd ...

https://pure.aber.ac.uk/portal/cy/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=45310537&conceptIds=46391225&conceptIds=45164703&conceptIds=45716800&conceptIds=45213288&conceptIds=45736216

N0000168241 Adenosine Kinase [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000170817 Adenosine Monophosphate [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000170818 ... N0000170816 Cyclic ADP-Ribose [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000170819 Cyclic AMP [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000169877 Cyclic AMP ... N0000170790 Cyclic CMP [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000170850 Cyclic GMP [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000170597 Cyclic GMP-Dependent ... Adenosine A1 [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000168971 Receptor, Adenosine A2A [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000168972 Receptor, Adenosine ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/StructuralClass%202007-01-31.txt

... adenosine 3, 5-cyclic monophosphate, and several amino acids. Coupling of Proteins and Peptides to Agarose for Affinity ... For this purpose w-aminoalkyl, bromo- acetamidoethyl, Gly-Gly-Tyr, and p-aminobenzamido ethyl derivatives can be prepared by ... carboxylic acid and bromo- acetyl derivatives, yellow. The degree of substitution of amino gel derivatives by carboxylic acid ... ous conditions by treating aminoethyl-Sepharose-4B with O-bromo- acetyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide (Scheme II, B). This derivative of ...

http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ocr/nlm:nlmuid-101584571X153-doc

Cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate(cAMP)/cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM)-dependent regulation of cholesterogenic ... Three zinc finger nuclear proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and a ZBP-89 homologue, bind to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive ... induction by follicle-stimulating hormone and dibutyryl adenosine 3,5-monophosphate. Trzeciak WH, Waterman MR, Simpson ER ( ... Regulation by cyclic AMP of the genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes: when the light finally shines... Simpson ER, Lund J, ...

https://labnodes.vanderbilt.edu/member/profile/id/11078/keyword_id/450/keyword_name/Transfection/pmid/4369014

https://labnodes.vanderbilt.edu/member/profile/id/11078/keyword_id/14979/keyword_name/Leydig%20Cells

Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic,3,5-Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic Adenosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic 3, ... Adenosine Cyclic-3,5-Monophosphate Cyclic 3,5-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic 3,5-Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic-3,5- ... adenosine cyclic-2,3-monophosphate adenosine cyclic 2,3-monophosphate,adenosine cyclic 2,3-monophosphate Adenosine 5- ... Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic-3,5-Monophosphate, Adenosine Adenosine, cyclic 3,5-(hydrogen phosphate),Adenosine, cyclic 3 ...

https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/LSG/Projects/lvg/current/docs/designDoc/LifeCycle/test/fg.html

Cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) can be an exemplory case of a mobile regulator that mediates varied results in ... and cyclic nucleotide-gated stations [15]. PKA and Epac get excited about cell migration through little GTPases and which ... Furthermore, 8-Bromo cAMP activated mESC migration in (±)-BAY-1251152 to the wound bed. 8-Bromo cAMP increased ESC motility in ... In addition, 8-Bromo cAMP-induced Cdc42 and Rac1 activation improved Arp3, TOCA, PAK, and N-WASP manifestation, but reduced ...

http://htai2015.org/%EF%BB%BFcdc42-and-rac-may-bind-and-activate-pak/

Previous work has shown that aggregating fetal brain cell cultures are able to attain a highly differentiated state, and that their development is greatly enhanced by growth and/or differentiation factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the protein kinase C-activating tumor promoter mezerein. The present study shows that in these 3-dimensional cultures the peptide growth factors EGF and bFGF as well as mezerein are able to induce the expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos. This induction was rapid and transient, in good agreement with observations reported from a wide variety of cell types in vitro. The maximal levels of c-fos mRNA found after stimulation were low in immature cultures and increased greatly as maturation progressed. Of the three factors tested, mezerein was the most potent inducer of c-fos. In contrast to the peptide growth factors EGF and bFGF which were found to induce c-fos only in glial cells, mezerein was stimulator

https://serval.unil.ch/en/notice/serval:BIB_7E3F3E163AFE

... role of cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.. J Rousell, E B Haddad, J C Mak, B L ... role of cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.. J Rousell, E B Haddad, J C Mak, B L ... role of cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.. J Rousell, E B Haddad, J C Mak, B L ... Beta-Adrenoceptor-medicated down-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptors: role of cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate-dependent ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/49/4/629

Houslay M, Sullivan M and Bolger G (1998) The Multienzyme PDE4 Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Specific Phosphodiesterase Family ... Salanova M, Jin S and Conti M (1998) Heterologous Expression and Purification of Recombinant Rolipram-Sensitive Cyclic AMP- ... Denis D and Riendeau D (1999) Phosphodiesterase 4-dependent regulation of cyclic AMP levels and leukotriene B4 biosynthesis in ... Chujor C, Hammerschmid F and Lam C (1998) Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 4 Subtypes Are Differentially Expressed by ...

https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.94102s1079

https://www.lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/LSG/Projects/lvg/current/docs/designDoc/LifeCycle/test/fg.html

Nucleotide Receptor antagonist CGMP Sodium salt Derivative Intracellular Protein Cells Acetic CAMP Year Mouse Forskolin Guanosine Phosphodiesterase Nucleotide Vitro Analog Inhibitor CAMP Molecular Effect Treatment Journal

Bucladesine, PKA activator, is a cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. (targetmol.com)

Theophylline-7-acetic acid, a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. (targetmol.com)

For other salt forms or metabolites of 8-Br-cGMP please inquire. (biolog.de)
Activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases I α, I β & type II and cGMP-gated ion channels (cyclic GMP agonist). (biolog.de)
8-pCPT-cGMP (Cat. (biolog.de)
Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP or cGMP) is a second messenger that is biosynthesized from GTP by guanylate cyclases. (glpbio.cn)

GC44920 Sp-8-bromo-Cyclic AMPS (sodium salt) Sp-8-bromo-cyclic AMPS (Sp-8-bromo-cAMPS) is a cell-permeable, cAMP analog that combines an exocyclic sulfur substitution in the axial position of the cyclophosphate ring with a bromine substitution in the adenine base of cAMP. (glpbio.cn)
GC43339 Cyclic di-AMP (sodium salt) Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a second messenger produced by bacteria but not by mammals. (glpbio.cn)

Cyclic 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivative had little effect on membrane properties. (silverchair.com)
GC42622 8-bromo-Cyclic AMP 8-bromo-Cyclic AMP is a brominated derivative of cAMP that remains long-acting due to its resistance to degradation by cAMP phosphodiesterase. (glpbio.cn)

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway. (glpbio.cn)

protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). (targetmol.com)
PKI 14-22 amide, myristoylated Acetate inhibit cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and blocks hyperalgesia produced by spinal administration of 8-bromo-cAMP. (targetmol.com)

MA-10 cells treated with 8-bromo-cAMP had increased acetylated histone H3 associated with the proximal (but not distal) StAR promoter, nascent StAR transcripts, and progesterone production within 15 min, whereas StAR mRNA increased at 30 min. (elsevier.com)
StAR promoter-associated H4 acetylation was unchanged by 8-bromo-cAMP treatment of MA-10 cells. (elsevier.com)
Spleen cells or lymph node cells from type-II-collagen-immunized DBA/1 mice were cultured in the presence of type II collagen plus one of five different cAMP-elevating agents: rolipram, forskolin, prostaglandin E2, 8-bromo-cAMP, or cholera toxin. (ox.ac.uk)
In the present study, we used the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique to investigate the biophysical properties and 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8Br-cAMP) modulation of these splice variants expressed in tsA201 cells in the presence of the beta(1)-subunit. (ulaval.ca)

In addition, we investigated the association between improvement in symptoms and changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid (HVA),5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), and 6R-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH(4)) levels after administration. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT-cAMP), Cell permeable cAMP analog. (abcam.com)
Adenosine 3prime,5prime-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), Second messenger. (abcam.com)
We conclude that acetylation of H3 (but not H4) associated with the proximal promoter is associated with StAR gene transcription, that chromatin modification occurs in discrete regions of the promoter, that the initial steroidogenic response to 8-bromo-cAMP occurs prior to increased StAR mRNA accumulation, and that MA-10 cell StAR gene transcription and promoter-associated H3 acetylation are biphasic during a 6-h treatment period. (elsevier.com)
COCs expanded in vitro with FSH or EGF underwent the same changes, whereas those expanded with 8-bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) maintained integrity for a longer time. (torvergata.it)
Finally, overnight culture of ovulated COCs with 8-Br-cAMP significantly counteracted the decrease of fertilization rate, doubling the number of fertilized oocytes compared with control conditions. (torvergata.it)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclic AMP" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cyclic AMP" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)

Cyclic AMP-elevating Agents Promote Cumulus Cell Survival and Hyaluronan Matrix Stability, Thereby Prolonging the Time of Mouse Oocyte Fertilizability. (torvergata.it)

Maximal stimulation of CYP1B1 protein and mRNA by ACTH has been duplicated in fasciculata cells by 8-bromo-cAMP and the adenylyl cyclase agonist, forskolin, indicating that cAMP mediates this induction. (nih.gov)
The growth-promoting action of G(s)α-QL could not be mimicked by either 8-bromo cAMP or forskolin. (elsevier.com)
Furthermore, oral NP induced a significant inhibition on the release of testosterone in vitro in response to hCG, 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), and forskolin. (elsevier.com)
The activity of this channel was also increased by adding forskolin or 8-bromo cAMP to the bath. (elsevier.com)
The loss in receptor number at 24 hr was mimicked with the use of forskolin and the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP, indicating a cAMP-mediated mechanism. (aspetjournals.org)
Chronic (24 hr) treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP also had no effect on m2 muscarinic receptor mRNA, whereas forskolin caused a 50% reduction in the steady state levels of m2 mRNA that could be only partially blocked by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor H-8 and the protein kinase C inhibitor GF 109203X. (aspetjournals.org)
Conversely, the forskolin- and 8-bromo-cAMP-induced down-regulation was only partially inhibited and unaffected by these inhibitors, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)

Responses to ACh or 5-HT were not mimicked by 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which greatly reduced spike amplitude and excitability. (biologists.com)
An equilibrium study of the cooperative binding of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate to the adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein from Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)

It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. (nih.gov)
This effect was stereoselective and was completely blocked by yohimbine and the combination of the cyclic monophosphate permeant analog 8 bromo cyclic monophosphate and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. (silverchair.com)
One notable molecular target for novel antiasthmatic drugs is the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) or PDE IV. (nih.gov)

Cyclic nucleotide-binding domains in proteins having diverse functions. (nih.gov)
The principal downstream signaling effectors of cAMP are proteins kinase A, exchange proteins turned on by cAMP (Epac), and cyclic nucleotide-gated stations [15]. (htai2015.org)
This isozyme is the predominant form of cyclic nucleotide PDE activity in inflammatory cells. (nih.gov)
Absolutely resistant against mammalian cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphodiesterases, no metabolic side effects. (biolog.de)

The in vitro experiments revealed that oral NP at a dose of 100μg/kg/day suppressed testosterone biosynthesis by inhibiting the activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and cyclic AMP pathway in Leydig cells. (elsevier.com)
8-Bromo cAMP increased ESC motility in in vitro migration assay also. (htai2015.org)

150 stimuli at 10 Hz) by itself did not induce LTP, but the addition of either the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) enabled TPS-induced LTP. (jneurosci.org)

[ 8 ] indicated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide enhances apoptotic killing by p53 gene transfer in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (FRO and WRO cells), suggesting that this combination treatment strategy might also be useful in the treatment of undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, 8-Bromo cAMP activated mESC migration in (±)-BAY-1251152 to the wound bed. (htai2015.org)
Subsequently, 8-Bromo cAMP induced the disruption of cell junctions (including distance junctions, (±)-BAY-1251152 adherens junctions, and limited junctions), which decreased the function from the gap cell and junctions adhesion. (htai2015.org)
In addition, 8-Bromo cAMP-induced Cdc42 and Rac1 activation improved Arp3, TOCA, PAK, and N-WASP manifestation, but reduced cofilin phosphorylation level, which elicited actin cytoskeleton redesigning. (htai2015.org)
As opposed to the control, 8-Bromo cAMP evoked a considerable migration of cells in (±)-BAY-1251152 to the denuded region, which was clogged by the tiny interfering RNAs from the signaling pathway-related substances or by inhibitors. (htai2015.org)
Cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) can be an exemplory case of a mobile regulator that mediates varied results in cytoskeletal dynamics, cell adhesion, and cell migration [7,8]. (htai2015.org)

In: Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 34 (7-8). (iisc.ac.in)

2′, 3′-cyclic GMP had no effect. (biologists.com)

The 48-h CT treatment increased cyclic AMP accumulation 10- to 17-fold but blocked the norepinephrine (NE)-induced increase in cyclic AMP accumulation, presumably reflecting the loss of Gs alpha. (nih.gov)

In: Journal of Chemical Sciences, 87 (8). (iisc.ac.in)

Anatomy22

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs145

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

cAMP inhibits translation by inducing Ca2+/calmodulin-independent elongation factor 2 kinase activity in IPC-81 cells. (1/1207)

Melatonin inhibits release of luteinizing hormone (LH) via decrease of [Ca2+]i and cyclic AMP. (2/1207)

Calcium and cAMP are second messengers in the adipokinetic hormone-induced lipolysis of triacylglycerols in Manduca sexta fat body. (3/1207)

The mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on aromatase activity in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (4/1207)

Beta2-adrenergic receptor overexpression in the developing mouse heart: evidence for targeted modulation of ion channels. (5/1207)

Diazepam-binding inhibitor33-50 elicits Ca2+ oscillation and CCK secretion in STC-1 cells via L-type Ca2+ channels. (6/1207)

Oxytocin-induced Ca2+ responses in human myometrial cells. (7/1207)

Adrenergic control of the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current in canine atrial myocytes. (8/1207)

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Cyclic AMP

Adenosine

Bucladesine

Adenosine Monophosphate

Colforsin

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine

Receptor, Adenosine A2A

Cyclic GMP

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Adenylate Cyclase

Theophylline

Receptor, Adenosine A1

Etretinate

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Adenosine Deaminase

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases

Nucleotides, Cyclic

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors

Cells, Cultured

Isoproterenol

Receptor, Adenosine A3

Receptors, Purinergic P1

Rolipram

Second Messenger Systems

Anthralin

Adenosine Kinase

Receptor, Adenosine A2B

Calcium

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Signal Transduction

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Phenylisopropyladenosine

Bromine

Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases

Receptors, Adenosine A2

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4

Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists

Adenine Nucleotides

Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists

Dinoprostone

Cholera Toxin

Ciliary Body

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists

Epinephrine

Prostaglandins E

Stimulation, Chemical

Kinetics

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit

Nelumbo

Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists

Xanthines

Cell Line

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits

Alprostadil

Rabbits

Time Factors

CREB-Binding Protein

Dideoxyadenosine

Receptors, Cyclic AMP

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Isoquinolines

Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists

Keratolytic Agents

Rats, Inbred Strains

Phosphorylation

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3

Receptors, Purinergic

AMP Deaminase

Adrenergic Agonists

Hypoxanthine

Prostaglandins

Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists

Enzyme Activation

5'-Nucleotidase

Milrinone

Butyrates