AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
5-MethylcytosineCytosineDeaminationDNA MethylationThymine DNA GlycosylaseMethylationDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferaseSulfitesThymineDNAOsmiumDNA GlycosylasesDNA-Cytosine MethylasesPentoxylDioxygenasesAdenineN-Glycosyl HydrolasesCpG IslandsBase SequenceDNA Restriction EnzymesDinucleoside PhosphatesOligodeoxyribonucleotidesEpigenesis, GeneticDNA Modification MethylasesMethyltransferasesNanoporesNucleic Acid DenaturationDeoxycytidine MonophosphateAzacitidineUracilDeoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)EpigenomicsEndodeoxyribonucleasesDNA RepairGuanineDeoxyribonuclease HpaIISubstrate SpecificityGardner SyndromeGenomeCytidineBase Pair MismatchPhotochemical ProcessesOxidation-ReductionDNA-Binding ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataZygoteOligonucleotides
5-Methylcytosine
A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.
Cytosine
A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.
Deamination
The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound.
DNA Methylation
Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.
Thymine DNA Glycosylase
An enzyme that removes THYMINE and URACIL bases mispaired with GUANINE through hydrolysis of their N-glycosidic bond. These mispaired nucleotides generally occur through the hydrolytic DEAMINATION of 5-METHYLCYTOSINE to thymine.
Methylation
Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE to the 5-position of CYTOSINE residues in DNA.
Sulfites
Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.
Thymine
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Osmium
Osmium. A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
DNA Glycosylases
A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA.
DNA-Cytosine Methylases
Methylases that are specific for CYTOSINE residues found on DNA.
Pentoxyl
5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Adenine
A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.
CpG Islands
Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Dinucleoside Phosphates
A group of compounds which consist of a nucleotide molecule to which an additional nucleoside is attached through the phosphate molecule(s). The nucleotide can contain any number of phosphates.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
Epigenesis, Genetic
A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.
DNA Modification Methylases
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They are responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern, on either adenine or cytosine residues, in a specific short base sequence in the host cell's own DNA. This methylated sequence will occur many times in the host-cell DNA and remain intact for the lifetime of the cell. Any DNA from another species which gains entry into a living cell and lacks the characteristic methylation pattern will be recognized by the restriction endonucleases of similar specificity and destroyed by cleavage. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms.
Methyltransferases
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.
Nanopores
Small holes of nanometer dimensions in a membrane, that can be used as single molecule detectors. The pores can be biological or synthetic.
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate
Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.
Azacitidine
A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
Uracil
Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)
An enzyme which catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage near PYRIMIDINE DIMERS to produce a 5'-phosphate product. The enzyme acts on the damaged DNA strand, from the 5' side of the damaged site.
Epigenomics
The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to EPIGENETIC PROCESSES and not due to DNA base sequence changes.
Endodeoxyribonucleases
A group of enzymes catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. They include members of EC 3.1.21.-, EC 3.1.22.-, EC 3.1.23.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), EC 3.1.24.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), and EC 3.1.25.-.
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Guanine
Deoxyribonuclease HpaII
One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequences C/CGG and GGC/C at the slash. HpaII is from Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Gardner Syndrome
A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract.
Genome
The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
Cytidine
A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE.
Base Pair Mismatch
The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of cytosine or adenine, mismatching during homologous recombination, or errors in DNA replication. Multiple, sequential base pair mismatches lead to formation of heteroduplex DNA; (NUCLEIC ACID HETERODUPLEXES).
Photochemical Processes
Chemical reactions effected by light.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
DNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Zygote
The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Base pairing of anhydrohexitol nucleosides with 2,6-diaminopurine, 5-methylcytosine and uracil asbase moiety. (1/489)

Hexitol nucleic acids (HNAs) with modified bases (5-methylcytosine, 2,6-diaminopurine or uracil) were synthesized. The introduction of the 5-methylcytosine base demonstrates that N -benzoylated 5-methylcytosyl-hexitol occurs as the imino tautomer. The base pairing systems (G:CMe, U:D, T:D and U:A) obey Watson-Crick rules. Substituting hT for hU, hCMefor hC and hD for hA generally leads to increased duplex stability. In a single case, replacement of hC by hCMedid not result in duplex stabilization. This sequence-specific effect could be explained by the geometry of the model duplex used for carrying out the thermal stability study. Generally, polypurine HNA sequences give more stable duplexes with their RNA complement than polypyrimidine HNA sequences. This observation supports the hypothesis that, besides changes in stacking pattern, the difference in conformational stress between purine and pyrimidine nucleosides may contribute to duplex stability. Introduction of hCMeand hD in HNA sequences further increases the potential of HNA to function as a steric blocking agent.  (+info)

Relationship between amount of esterase and gene copy number in insecticide-resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer). (2/489)

Overproduction of the insecticide-degrading esterases, E4 and FE4, in peach-potato aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), depends on both gene amplification and transcriptional control, the latter being associated with changes in DNA methylation. The structure and function of the aphid esterase genes have been studied but the determination of their copy number has proved difficult, a common problem with gene amplification. We have now used a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and quantitative competitive PCR to determine relative esterase gene copy numbers in aphid clones with different levels of insecticide resistance (R1, R2 and R3). There are approx. 4-fold increases between susceptible, R1, R2 and R3 aphids, reaching a maximum of approx. 80 times more genes in R3; this gives proportionate increases in esterase protein relative to susceptible aphids. Thus there is no overexpression of the amplified genes, in contrast with what was thought previously. For E4 genes, the loss of 5-methylcytosine is correlated with a loss of expression, greatly decreasing the amount of enzyme relative to the copy number.  (+info)

DNA methylation is a reversible biological signal. (3/489)

The pattern of DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating different genome functions. To test the hypothesis that DNA methylation is a reversible biochemical process, we purified a DNA demethylase from human cells that catalyzes the cleavage of a methyl residue from 5-methyl cytosine and its release as methanol. We show that similar to DNA methyltransferase, DNA demethylase shows CpG dinucleotide specificity, can demethylate mdCpdG sites in different sequence contexts, and demethylates both fully methylated and hemimethylated DNA. Thus, contrary to the commonly accepted model, DNA methylation is a reversible signal, similar to other physiological biochemical modifications.  (+info)

Identification of differentially methylated sequences in colorectal cancer by methylated CpG island amplification. (4/489)

CpG island methylation has been linked to tumor suppressor gene inactivation in neoplasia and may serve as a useful marker to clone novel cancer-related genes. We have developed a novel PCR-based method, methylated CpG island amplification (MCA), which is useful for both methylation analysis and cloning differentially methylated genes. Using restriction enzymes that have differential sensitivity to 5-methyl-cytosine, followed by adaptor ligation and PCR amplification, methylated CpG rich sequences can be preferentially amplified. In a model experiment using a probe from exon 1 of the p16 gene, signal was detected from MCA products of a colorectal cancer cell line but not in normal colon mucosa. To identify novel CpG islands differentially methylated in colorectal cancer, we have applied MCA coupled with representational difference analysis to the colon cancer cell line Caco2 as a tester and normal colon mucosa as a driver. Using this strategy, we isolated 33 differentially methylated DNA sequences, including fragments identical to several known genes (PAX6, Versican, alpha-tubulin, CSX, OPT, and rRNA gene). The association of hypermethylation of the clones obtained and transcriptional suppression in colorectal cancer was confirmed by examining the Versican gene, which we found to be silenced in methylated cell lines and reactivated by the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We therefore propose that MCA is a useful technique to study methylation and to isolate CpG islands differentially methylated in cancer.  (+info)

Growth phase-dependent regulation of Vsr endonuclease may contribute to 5-methylcytosine mutational hot spots in Escherichia coli. (5/489)

Using rabbit polyclonal antibodies, we have shown that the Dcm cytosine methylase of Escherichia coli is maintained at a constant level during cell growth, while Vsr endonuclease levels are growth phase dependent. Decreased production of Vsr relative to Dcm during the log phase may contribute substantially to the mutability of 5-methylcytosine.  (+info)

Impact of C5-cytosine methylation on the solution structure of d(GAAAACGTTTTC)2. An NMR and molecular modelling investigation. (6/489)

The solution structures of d(GAAAACGTTTTC)2 and of its methylated derivative d(GAAAAMe5CGTTTTC)2 have been determined by NMR and molecular modelling in order to examine the impact of cytosine methylation on the central CpG conformation. Detailed 1H NMR and 31P NMR investigation of the two oligomers includes quantitative NOESY, 2D homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy, double-quantum-filtered COSY and heteronuclear 1H-31P correlation. Back-calculations of NOESY spectra and simulations of double-quantum-filtered COSY patterns were performed to gain accurate information on interproton distances and sugar phase angles. Molecular models under experimental constraints were generated by energy minimization by means of the molecular mechanics program JUMNA. The MORASS software was used to iteratively refine the structures obtained. After methylation, the oligomer still has a B-DNA conformation. However, there are differences in the structural parameters and the thermal stability as compared to the unmethylated molecule. Careful structural analysis shows that after methylation CpG departs from the usual conformation observed in other ACGT tetramers with different surroundings. Subtle displacements of bases, sugars and backbone imposed by the steric interaction of the two methyl groups inside the major groove are accompanied by severe pinching of the minor groove at the C-G residues.  (+info)

The role of the Escherichia coli mug protein in the removal of uracil and 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine from DNA. (7/489)

The human thymine-DNA glycosylase has a sequence homolog in Escherichia coli that is described to excise uracils from U.G mismatches (Gallinari, P., and Jiricny, J. (1996) Nature 383, 735-738) and is named mismatched uracil glycosylase (Mug). It has also been described to remove 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine (epsilonC) from epsilonC.G mismatches (Saparbaev, M., and Laval, J. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 8508-8513). We used a mug mutant to clarify the role of this protein in DNA repair and mutation avoidance. We find that inactivation of mug has no effect on C to T or 5-methylcytosine to T mutations in E. coli and that this contrasts with the effect of ung defect on C to T mutations and of vsr defect on 5-methylcytosine to T mutations. Even under conditions where it is overproduced in cells, Mug has little effect on the frequency of C to T mutations. Because uracil-DNA glycosylase (Ung) and Vsr are known to repair U.G and T.G mismatches, respectively, we conclude that Mug does not repair U.G or T.G mismatches in vivo. A defect in mug also has little effect on forward mutations, suggesting that Mug does not play a role in avoiding mutations due to endogenous damage to DNA in growing E. coli. Cell-free extracts from mug(+) ung cells show very little ability to remove uracil from DNA, but can excise epsilonC. The latter activity is missing in extracts from mug cells, suggesting that Mug may be the only enzyme in E. coli that can remove this mutagenic adduct. Thus, the principal role of Mug in E. coli may be to help repair damage to DNA caused by exogenous chemical agents such as chloroacetaldehyde.  (+info)

5-Methylcytosine distribution and genome organization in triticale before and after treatment with 5-azacytidine. (8/489)

Triticale (2n=6x=42) is a hybrid plant including rye (R) and wheat (A and B) genomes. Using genomic in situ hybridization with rye DNA as a probe, we found the chromosomes of the R genome were not intermixed with the wheat chromosomes in 85% of nuclei. After treatment of seedlings with low doses of the drug 5-azacytidine (5-AC), leading to hypomethylation of the DNA, the chromosomes became intermixed in 60% of nuclei; the next generation showed intermediate organization. These results correlate with previous data showing that expression of R-genome rRNA genes, normally suppressed, is activated by 5-AC treatment and remains partially activated in the next generation. The distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was studied using an antibody to 5-mC. Methylation was detected along the lengths of all chromosomes; there were some chromosome regions with enhanced and reduced methylation, but these were not located at consistent positions, nor were there differences between R and wheat genome chromosomes. After 5-AC treatment, lower levels of methylation were detected. After 5-AC treatment, in situ hybridization with rye genomic DNA sometimes showed micronuclei of rye origin and multiple translocations between wheat and rye chromosomes. Genomic DNA was analysed using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and, as probes, two rDNA sequences, two tandemly organised DNA sequences from rye (pSc200 and pSc250), and copia and the gypsy group retrotransposon fragments from rye and wheat. DNA extracted immediately after 5-AC treatment was cut more by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes than DNA from untreated seedlings. Each probe gave a characteristic restriction fragment pattern, but rye- and wheat-origin probes behaved similarly, indicating that hypomethylation was induced in both genomes. In DNA samples from leaves taken 13-41 days after treatment, RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) patterns were indistinguishable from controls and 5-AC treatments with all probes. Surprising differences in hybridization patterns were seen between DNA from root tips and leaves with the copia-fragment probes.  (+info)

Genome-wide analysis reveals TET-and TDG-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidation dynamics | Epigenetics & Chromatin | Full TextGenome-wide analysis reveals TET-and TDG-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidation dynamics | Epigenetics & Chromatin | Full Text
Recent studies suggest that DNA demethylation can be achieved through ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of DNA deoxygenates mediated oxidation followed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) mediated excision and repair, but it is unclear to what extent such active demethylation processes take place. Here, we generated genome-wide distribution maps of 5-methylcytosine(5mC),5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5- carboxylcytosine (5caC) in wild-type and Tdg-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. We observe that the steady state 5fC and 5caC are preferentially detected at repetitive sequences in wild-type cells. Depletion of TDG causes marked accumulation of 5fC and 5caC at a large number of distal gene regulatory elements and transcriptionally repressed/poised gene promoters, suggesting that Tet/TDG- dependent dynamic cycling of 5mC oxidation states may be involved in regulating the function of these regions. Thus, comprehensive mapping of 5mC oxidation and BER pathway activity ...
https://epigeneticsandchromatin.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-8935-6-S1-P75
TET proteins and 5-methylcytosine oxidation in the immune systemTET proteins and 5-methylcytosine oxidation in the immune system
We use cookies to analyze site traffic and to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We do not sell data obtained through the use of cookies. By continuing to use this website, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our Privacy Policy.OkPrivacy policy ...
https://www.lji.org/publication-type/tet-proteins-and-5-methylcytosine-oxidation-in-the-immune-system/
DNA Methylation Analysis | Methylated Cytosine: 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) | T4 Beta...DNA Methylation Analysis | Methylated Cytosine: 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) | T4 Beta...
Frontiers | TET Methylcytosine Oxidases in T Cell and B Cell Development and Function | ImmunologyFrontiers | TET Methylcytosine Oxidases in T Cell and B Cell Development and Function | Immunology
DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and is a key epigenetic mark. Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins are enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidization products (oxi-mCs), which indirectly promote DNA demethylation. Here, we provide an overview of the effect of TET proteins and altered DNA modification status in T and B cell development and function. We summarize current advances in our understanding of the role of TET proteins and 5hmC in T and B cells in both physiological and pathological contexts. We describe how TET proteins and 5hmC regulate DNA modification, chromatin accessibility, gene expression and transcriptional networks, and discuss potential underlying mechanisms and open questions in the field.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00220/full
5-MethylCytosine ELISA Kits: Novus Biologicals5-MethylCytosine ELISA Kits: Novus Biologicals
5-MethylCytosine ELISA Kits available through Novus Biologicals. Browse our 5-MethylCytosine ELISA Kits all backed by our Guarantee+.
https://www.novusbio.com/elisa-kits/5-methylcytosine?promotional_item=No
Plus itPlus it
Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins play an important role in regulating DNA methylation fidelity and their inactivation contributes to the DNA hypermethylation phenotype in cancer; they are Fe²+- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that successively oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) and these oxidized methylcytosines are important intermediates in the process of 5mC demethylation.. TET proteins convert 5mC to 5hmC in vitro, but it is difficult to explore the process of DNA demethylation and their effects on endogenous hypermethylated genes in cells. In this study, we tried to develop a system that accumulates TET oxidase activity at hypermethylated promoters. To accomplish this, we constructed a fusion protein-producing vector consisting of methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) and TET1 catalytic domain (TET1 CD) and asked whether this fusion protein (MBD-TET1 CD) could lead to DNA demethylation and gene ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/74/19_Supplement/396
Active DNA demethylation in mammals. (a) The action of | Open-iActive DNA demethylation in mammals. (a) The action of | Open-i
Active DNA demethylation in mammals. (a) The action of AID on 5-methylcytosine residues (white circles) in DNA (thick black line) gives rise to deaminated 5-met
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2864560_gb-2010-11-3-110-1&req=4
Most recent papers with the keyword 5 hydroxymethylcytosine | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword 5 hydroxymethylcytosine | Read by QxMD
The DNA demethylation pathway has been discovered to play a significant role in DNA epigenetics. This pathway removes the methyl group from cytosine, which is involved in the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. Then, 5-hmC can be iteratively oxidized to generate 5-formylcytosine (5-foC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). However, 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC are hardly detected due to their low content. In this study, we have developed a LC-HRMS method coupled with derivatization to accurately and simultaneously quantify 5-mC levels, along with its oxidation products in genomic DNA ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/14723
10th Transcription and Chromatin 201210th Transcription and Chromatin 2012
Chemical modifications of proteins and nucleic acids can have significant effects on gene expression. Dr. He presented a technique to investigate the presence of the modified base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) on genome wide scale. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) oxidizes 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) to 5-hmC and further to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine (He et al., 2011; Ito et al., 2011; Tahiliani et al., 2009). Yet both 5-meC and 5-hmC are protected from C to U conversion upon bisulfite treatment making it impossible to distinguish both DNA modifications with traditional bisulfite sequencing. This limitation can be overcome by TET-assisted bisulfite sequencing (TAB-Seq) (Yu et al., 2012).. Method: The bacteriophage T4 β-glucosyltransferase selectively glycosylates the hydroxyl group of 5-hmC. Utilization of glucose with an azide group (N3) allowed further modification such as addition of a biotin molecule (by simple click chemistry) which facilitates enrichment. Glycosylated, and ...
https://epigenie.com/conferences/10th-transcription-and-chromatin-2012/
SNU Open Repository and Archive: Cellular response against expression of Arabidopsis DEMETER DNA demethylase in animal cells
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes of phenotype or gene expression without the modification of DNA sequence. DNA methylation, a prominent epigenetic marks, is associated with gene expression, X chromosome inactivation, gene imprinting and developmental process. DNA methylation occurs by DNA methyltransferase to add methyl group at the 5th carbon of a cytosine to produce 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is achieved by a similar mechanism in both the plants and animals. However, DNA demethylation pathways are fundamentally different in plant and animal. In animals, DNA demethylation is achieved by several enzymatic pathways, where TET1 catalyze the oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and successive oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), and deamination by AID/APOBEC. More efficient DNA demethylation is accomplished in plants by the DEMETER 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase, which mediates direct excision of 5mC from double strand DNA ...
https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/handle/10371/140815
RCSB PDB - 5L2G: Solution Structure of a DNA Dodecamer with 5-methylcytosine at the 9th PositionRCSB PDB - 5L2G: Solution Structure of a DNA Dodecamer with 5-methylcytosine at the 9th Position
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5L2G
DNA Demethylation in Development: 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, 5caC and TET ProteinsDNA Demethylation in Development: 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, 5caC and TET Proteins
This ebook provides an introduction to the key cytosine base modifications: 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) that have been at the center of intense study in recent years.
https://epigenie.com/ebook-dna-demethylation-in-development/
Can 5-methylcytosine analogues with extended alkyl side chains guide DNA methylation? - Chemical Communications (RSC Publishing)Can 5-methylcytosine analogues with extended alkyl side chains guide DNA methylation? - Chemical Communications (RSC Publishing)
5-Methylcytosine (MeC) is an endogenous modification of DNA that plays a crucial role in DNA-protein interactions, chromatin structure, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair. MeC is produced via enzymatic methylation of the C-5 position of cytosine by DNA-methyltransferases (DNMT) which use S-adenosylmethionine (SA Nucleic Acid Modifications
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/cc/c7cc06867k
5-Methylcytosine RNA Methylation in Arabidopsis Thaliana5-Methylcytosine RNA Methylation in Arabidopsis Thaliana
|p|5-Methylcytosine (m|sup|5|/sup|C) is a well-characterized DNA modification, and is also predominantly reported in abundant non-coding RNAs in bo...
https://www.diagenode.com/en/publications/view/3297
Structural insights into how 5-hydroxymethylation influences transcription factor binding - Chemical Communications (RSC...Structural insights into how 5-hydroxymethylation influences transcription factor binding - Chemical Communications (RSC...
Transcription factor binding and high resolution crystallographic studies (1.3 Å) of Dickerson-Drew duplexes with cytosine, methylcytosine and hydroxymethylcytosine bases provide evidence that C-5 cytosine modifications could regulate transcription by context dependent effects on DNA transcription factor int
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/CC/C3CC48151D?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2FCC+%28RSC+-+Chem.+Commun.+latest+articles%29
Dealing with an Unconventional Genetic Code in Mitochondria: The Biogenesis and Pathogenic Defects of the 5‐Formylcytosine...
Human mitochondria contain their own genome, which uses an unconventional genetic code. In addition to the standard AUG methionine codon, the single mitochondrial tRNA Methionine (mt‐tRNA$^{Met}$) also recognises AUA during translation initiation and elongation. Post‐transcriptional modifications of tRNAs are important for structure, stability, correct folding and aminoacylation as well as decoding. The unique 5‐formylcytosine (f$^{5}$C) modification of position 34 in mt‐tRNA$^{Met}$ has been long postulated to be crucial for decoding of unconventional methionine codons and efficient mitochondrial translation. However, the enzymes responsible for the formation of mitochondrial f$^{5}$C have been identified only recently. The first step of the f$^{5}$C pathway consists of methylation of cytosine by NSUN3. This is followed by further oxidation by ABH1. Here, we review the role of f$^{5}$C, the latest breakthroughs in our understanding of the biogenesis of this unique mitochondrial tRNA ...
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264195
SALL4A Regulates DNA Demethylation at Enhancers----Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences
DNA methylation is broadly recognized as the most stable epigenetic modification. Its distribution pattern in parental cells is faithfully transmitted to daughter cells during mitosis. Recent discoveries of the TET-mediated DNA oxidative demethylation greatly expanded our understanding about the plasticity and dynamics of this modification. TET family enzymes (TET1, TET2 and TET3) could successively oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethycytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), which may lead to eventual demethylation. In the genome, different oxidized products occupy overlapping, but largely distinct, genomic regions, and only a subset of 5hmC is further oxidized, which leads to eventual demethylation. However, how the distributions and the fates of oxidative derivatives of 5mC are determined in cells remains elusive. Researchers from Prof. ZHU Bings group in the Institute of Biophysics (IBP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and their collaborators set ...
http://english.ibp.cas.cn/rh/rp/201705/t20170505_176781.html
Methyl-DNA Binding Protein ChIP | EpiGentekMethyl-DNA Binding Protein ChIP | EpiGentek
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) is a member of the MBD protein family and has been shown to catalyze demethylation by direclty removing methyl groups from 5-methylcytosine residues in DNA. Chromatin...
https://www.epigentek.com/catalog/methyl-dna-binding-protein-chip-c-75_22_56.html
Plus itPlus it
Tumors exhibit oncogenic epigenetic alterations including global hypomethylation and local promoter hypermethylation that can repress the transcription of tumor suppressor genes and promote cancer cell growth. Oxygen-dependent tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) family proteins catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), resulting in DNA demethylation. 5hmC is frequently lost in cancer, but in the majority of tumors, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Thienpont and colleagues observed that hypoxia induced 5hmC loss in a majority of tested human and murine cell lines, resulting from reduced activity, but not reduced expression, of TETs. DNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing (DIP-seq) revealed global loss of 5hmC in response to hypoxia, predominantly at gene promoters, many of which had concomitant gain of 5mC, and RNA-seq confirmed that expression of these genes was repressed. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas showed increased promoter hypermethylation in ...
http://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2016/09/07/2159-8290.CD-RW2016-158
The upper graph shows methylation position in colduntreated and handled Col-, and the lower graph shows colduntreated and...The upper graph shows methylation position in colduntreated and handled Col-, and the lower graph shows colduntreated and...
Values are the averages of 3 experiments, and the level of 18S rRNA is employed as an interior control. (D) Indicate levels of DNA methylation in diverse cytosine context at the exogenous RD29A promoter in WT and the rpt2a-two mutant. Frequencies of methylcytosine at CG, CHG and CHH websites are indicated. Twenty clones are sequenced for each sample.CI-1011 (E) Mean ranges of DNA methylation in various cytosine contexts at the endogenous RD29A promoter in WT and the rpt2a-two mutant.For germination of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia-) wild type and mutants, seeds have been floor-sterilized and put on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with two% sucrose (Germination inducible medium: GIM). Soon after cold remedy for two times to synchronize germination, seeds were transferred to 22uC and fifty% relative humidity beneath a sixteen/8 h gentle/dim cycle (this time position suggests days following sowing: DAS). The seeds of the met1-1 mutant had been supplied by Dr. Robert A. ...
http://www.bet-bromodomain.com/2016/09/25/the-upper-graph-shows-methylation-position-in-colduntreated-and-handled-col-and-the-lower-graph-shows-colduntreated-and-handled-rpt2a-2-no-transgene-b-mean-levels-of-dna-methylation-in-diverse/
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Methylation, in the form of 5-methylcytosine or 5mC, is both a control button for turning genes off and a sign of their off state. 5hmC looks like 5mC, except it has an extra oxygen. That could be a tag for a removal, or a signal that a gene is poised to be turned on.. Two recent papers on this topic:. Please recall that an enriched environment (exercise and mental stimulation) is good for learning and memory, for young and old. In the journal Genomics, Jin and his team show that exposing mice to an enriched environment - a running wheel and a variety of toys - leads to a 60 percent reduction in 5hmC in the hippocampus, a region of the brain critical for learning and memory.  The changes in 5hmC were concentrated in genes having to do with axon guidance. Hat tip to the all-things-epigenetic site Epigenie.. In Genes and Development, structural biologist Xiaodong Cheng and colleagues demonstrate that two regulatory proteins that bind DNA (Egr1 and WT1) respond primarily to oxidation of ...
https://www.emoryhealthsciblog.com/tag/5-hydroxymethylcytosine/
Volume 4.25 | Jun 28 - Human Immunology News
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Remodeling Precedes Lineage Specification during Differentiation of Human CD4+ T Cells Researchers report early and widespread 5-methylcytosine/5-hydroxymethylcytosine remodeling during human CD4+ T cell differentiation ex vivo at genes and cell-specific enhancers with known T cell function. [Cell Rep] Full Article , Graphical Abstract , Press Release IκB Kinase ε Is an NFATc1 Kinase that Inhibits T Cell Immune Response IKKε is an IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinase, and the function of IKKε remains obscure in T cells, despite its abundant expression. Scientists report that IKKε inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation and T cell responses by promoting NFATc1 phosphorylation. [Cell Rep] Full Article , Graphical Abstract A Human Trypanosome Suppresses CD8+ T Cell Priming by Dendritic Cells through the Induction of Immune Regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T Cells Using an in vivo assay that eliminated multiple variables associated with antigen processing and ...
http://www.humanimmunologynews.com/issue/volume-4-25-jun-28/
RNA processing in Drosophila development - Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyRNA processing in Drosophila development - Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Abstract The aim of our proposal is to elucidate the mechanisms that link transcription of specific RNAs in the nucleus to their translation (RNA processing). ?We have identified and characterized a novel and highly conserved gene, ?Zfrp8/PDCD2, ?and shown that it is essential in stem cells in flies, mouse, and human, and that it is also required for growth of cancer cells. We discovered ?Zfrp8/PDCD2 ?is required for the nuclear export of select mRNAs and TE transcripts. Also it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit and forms a complex with mRNA binding proteins. Our data suggest that Zfrp8/PDCD2 controls subcellular localization of select RNAs and the association of mRNA-RNPs with ribosomes. We also have identified Tet/TET1 as a new Zfrp8/PDCD2 interacting protein. In vertebrates, TET proteins function in DNA demethylation converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), modifications that are not detected in Drosophila DNA. A recent study shows that vertebrate Tet ...
https://www.researchwithrutgers.com/en/projects/rna-processing-in-drosophila-development-3
Supplementary MaterialsadvancesADV2020001535-suppl1 | BX-795 inhibits HSV-1 and HSV-2 replicationSupplementary MaterialsadvancesADV2020001535-suppl1 | BX-795 inhibits HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication
Supplementary MaterialsadvancesADV2020001535-suppl1. peaks were more many and pronounced than in normoxia. Among the genes, was upregulated in hypoxia specifically. We discovered 2 HIF-1 binding sites in by chromatin immunoprecipitation of HIF-1 accompanied by sequencing, and upregulation was abrogated with deletion of both sites, indicating that is clearly a direct HIF-1 focus on. Finally, we demonstrated that lack of one or both these HIF-1 binding sites in K562 cells disrupted erythroid differentiation in hypoxia and reduced cell viability. This ongoing function offers a molecular hyperlink between O2 availability, epigenetic changes of chromatin, and erythroid differentiation. Visible Abstract Open up in another window Intro 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) can be an epigenetic tag that regulates chromosome framework and promotes transcription.1-3 The Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TETs) convert 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hmC inside a reaction that will require air (O2), Fe(II), and ...
http://bx-795.com/%EF%BB%BFsupplementary-materialsadvancesadv2020001535-suppl1/
AMG 900 | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activityAMG 900 | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activity
We report how the mammalian 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxidase Tet3 exists as 3 main isoforms and characterized the full-length isoform containing an N-terminal CXXC domain (Tet3FL). stopping neurodegenerative diseases. Launch 5 (5mC) is certainly a customized cytosine bottom implicated in gene control and is definitely thought to be the only modified base naturally present in mammalian DNA (Klose and Bird 2006 Only lately 5 (5hmC) in addition has been discovered (Kriaucionis and Heintz 2009 Tahiliani et al. 2009 5 is certainly formed enzymatically with the Tet category of 5mC oxidases (Tahiliani et al. 2009 Ito et al. 2010 and is currently regarded as a stable element of the epigenetic code (Koh and Rao 2013 Pfeifer et al. 2013 Wu and Zhang 2014 Additionally 5 continues to be seen as an intermediate bottom in developmentally managed DNA demethylation reactions. Both proposed features of 5hmC arent necessarily mutually distinctive (Hahn et al. 2014 Degrees of 5hmC are especially saturated in ...
http://stopvivisection.info/tag/amg-900/
Plus itPlus it
In eukaryotic DNA, methylation most commonly occurs as 5-methylcytosine. This is often in blocks of heterochromatin or in CpG islands surrounding genes (http://www.methdb.de) and is recognized as playing a fundamental role in regulating gene expression. In the case of mRNA, a number of modifications are possible, such as C-to-U editing in some chloroplast and mitochondrial transcripts (Shikanai, 2006) or A-to-I deamination, found in some animal RNAs (Zhang and Carmichael, 2001). Methylation of the N6 position of the adenosine base has been observed in many RNA species, including tRNA, rRNA, and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (Bjork et al., 1987; Maden, 1990; Shimba et al., 1995; Gu et al., 1996; Agris et al., 2007; Piekna-Przybylska et al., 2008), but the functional importance of its occurrence in mRNA has remained unclear since its discovery ,30 years ago (Desrosiers et al., 1974; Perry and Kelley, 1974).. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is found in the mRNA of some viruses (Beemon and Keith, 1977; Aloni ...
http://www.plantcell.org/content/20/5/1278
TET1P1 (human) | Gene Target - PubChemTET1P1 (human) | Gene Target - PubChem
Gene target information for TET1P1 - tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 pseudogene 1 (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/target/gene/TET1P1
Difference between revisions of E. coli genotypes - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of E. coli genotypes - OpenWetWare
M.EcoKII methylates the first A at the palindromic site ATGCAT (as well as the corresponding A on the opposite strand), see (Kossykh VG (2004) J. Bact 186: 2061-2067 PMID 15028690) Note that this article has been retracted; the retraction appears to center on textual plagarism, not experimental results. The homology to AvaIII is real. I think I believe it. tk 20:28, 9 December 2005 (EST). Rich Roberts reports: We have tried ourselves to detect activity with this gene product and cannot detect any methyltransferase activity. In our case we used antibodies able to detect N6-methyladenine or N4 methylcytosine in DNA. The ones we have are very sensitive and should have been able to detect 5-methyl groups in the whole E. coli chromosome. Nothing was detected in an over-expressing strain ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=E._coli_genotypes&diff=prev&oldid=401783
Difference between revisions of E. coli genotypes - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of E. coli genotypes - OpenWetWare
M.EcoKII methylates the first A at the palindromic site ATGCAT (as well as the corresponding A on the opposite strand), see (Kossykh VG (2004) J. Bact 186: 2061-2067 PMID 15028690) Note that this article has been retracted; the retraction appears to center on textual plagarism, not experimental results. The homology to AvaIII is real. I think I believe it. tk 20:28, 9 December 2005 (EST). Rich Roberts reports: We have tried ourselves to detect activity with this gene product and cannot detect any methyltransferase activity. In our case we used antibodies able to detect N6-methyladenine or N4 methylcytosine in DNA. The ones we have are very sensitive and should have been able to detect 5-methyl groups in the whole E. coli chromosome. Nothing was detected in an over-expressing strain ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=E._coli_genotypes&curid=1609&diff=682825&oldid=682824
Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin with DNA-BasesSci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin with DNA-Bases
Complexes of β-cylodextrin with five nucleotides of adenine (A), thymine (T) guanine (G), cytosine (C), and 5-methylcytosine have been investigated using Hatree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of different quality. [...]
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/78/3/590
Mutagenetix > Incidental...Mutagenetix > Incidental...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. The encoded protein contains an NIRF_N domain, a PHD finger, a set- and ring-associated (SRA) domain, and a RING finger domain and several of these domains have been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. This protein may also have a role in intranuclear degradation of polyglutamine aggregates. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants some of which are non-protein coding. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012 ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/incidental/incidental_rec.cfm?mid=603852
Center For Life Sciences
The ten-eleven translocation (TET)-dependent generation and removal of oxidized derivatives of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), namely 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), uncovered a new paradigm of active DNA demethylation in mammalian genomes. Besides acting as demethylation intermediates, these oxidized variants of 5mC may also play functional roles. Emerging evidence has suggested 5hmC as a stable epigenetic modification implicated in many biological processes and various diseases. 5fC and 5caC, further oxidation products of 5hmC, accumulate at distal regulatory elements as active DNA demethylation intermediates and can be removed through base excision repair by mammalian thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). My laboratory recently developed fC-CET, a bisulfite-free, base-resolution method for the genome-wide identification of 5fC sites. We will continue to develop robust and sensitive sequencing technologies, including those applicable to single-cell ...
http://www.cls.edu.cn/english/PrincipalInvestigator/pi/index1608.shtml
Hydroxymethyl Collector (5-hmc, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, hydroxymethylation enrichment kit)Hydroxymethyl Collector (5-hmc, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, hydroxymethylation enrichment kit)
Hydroxymethyl Collector Kit is designed for the detection and enrichment of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) DNA for whole-genome or gene specific hydroxymethylation analyis.
https://www.activemotif.com/catalog/775/hydroxymethyl-collector-trade
Bioorthogonal labeling of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA and diazirine-based DNA photo-cross-linking probes. - NDM...
DNA is not merely a combination of four genetic codes, namely A, T, C, and G. It also contains minor modifications that play crucial roles throughout biology. For example, the fifth DNA base, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), which accounts for ∼1% of all the nucleotides in mammalian genomic DNA, is a vital epigenetic mark. It impacts a broad range of biological functions, from development to cancer. Recently, an oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), was found to constitute the sixth base in the mammalian genome; it was believed to be another crucial epigenetic mark. Unfortunately, further study of this newly discovered DNA base modification has been hampered by inadequate detection and sequencing methods, because current techniques fail to differentiate 5-hmC from 5-mC. The immediate challenge, therefore, is to develop robust methods for ascertaining the positions of 5-hmC within the mammalian genome. In this Account, we describe our development of the first bioorthogonal,
https://www.ndmrb.ox.ac.uk/research/research/publications/628455/
Bisulfite sequencing - WikipediaBisulfite sequencing - Wikipedia
Bisulfite sequencing (also known as bisulphite sequencing) is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA to determine its pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied. In animals it predominantly involves the addition of a methyl group to the carbon-5 position of cytosine residues of the dinucleotide CpG, and is implicated in repression of transcriptional activity. Treatment of DNA with bisulfite converts cytosine residues to uracil, but leaves 5-methylcytosine residues unaffected. Therefore, DNA that has been treated with bisulfite retains only methylated cytosines. Thus, bisulfite treatment introduces specific changes in the DNA sequence that depend on the methylation status of individual cytosine residues, yielding single-nucleotide resolution information about the methylation status of a segment of DNA. Various analyses can be performed on the altered sequence to retrieve this information. The objective of this analysis is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisulfite_sequencing
cAMP signaling regulates DNA hydroxymethylation by augmenting the intracellular labile ferrous iron pool. - Helen Wills...cAMP signaling regulates DNA hydroxymethylation by augmenting the intracellular labile ferrous iron pool. - Helen Wills...
It is widely accepted that cAMP regulates gene transcription principally by activating the protein kinase A (PKA)-targeted transcription factors. Here, we show that cAMP enhances the generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in multiple cell types. 5hmC is converted from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases, for which Fe(II) is an essential cofactor. The promotion of 5hmC was mediated by a prompt increase of the intracellular labile Fe(II) pool (LIP). cAMP enhanced the acidification of endosomes for Fe(II) release to the LIP likely through RapGEF2. The effect of cAMP on Fe(II) and 5hmC was confirmed by adenylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and most notably by stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The transcriptomic changes caused by cAMP occurred in concert with 5hmC elevation in differentially transcribed genes. Collectively, these data show a previously unrecognized regulation of gene transcription by GPCR-cAMP signaling through ...
http://neuroscience.berkeley.edu/publications/camp-signaling-regulates-dna-hydroxymethylation-by-augmenting-the-intracellular-labile-ferrous-iron-pool/
Early steps of active DNA demethylation initiated by ROS1 glycosylase require three putative helix-invading residuesEarly steps of active DNA demethylation initiated by ROS1 glycosylase require three putative helix-invading residues
Active DNA demethylation is crucial for epigenetic control, but the underlying enzymatic mechanisms are incompletely understood. REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) is a 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) DNA glycosylase/lyase that initiates DNA demethylation in plants through a base excision repair process. The enzyme binds DNA nonspecifically and slides along the substrate in search of 5-meC. In this work, we have used homology modelling and biochemical analysis to gain insight into the mechanism of target location and recognition by ROS1. We have found that three putative helix-intercalating residues (Q607, R903 and M905) are required for processing of 5-meC:G pairs, but dispensable for excision of mismatched 5-meC. Mutant proteins Q607A, R903A and M905G retain the capacity to process an abasic site opposite G, thus suggesting that all three residues play a critical role in early steps of the base extrusion process and likely contribute to destabilization of 5-meC:G pairs. While R903 and M905 are not ...
https://helvia.uco.es/handle/10396/15731
DNA methylation in mycobacteria: Absence of methylation at GATC (Dam) and CCA/TGG (Dcm) sequences - [email protected]
The presence of 6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine at Dam (GATC) and Dcm (CCA/TGG) sites in DNA of mycobacterial species was investigated using isoschizomer restriction enzymes. In all species examined, Dam and Dcm recognition sequences were not methylated indicating the absence of these methyltransferases. On the other hand, high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of genomic DNA from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed significant levels of 6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine suggesting the presence of DNA methyltransferases other than Dam and Dcm. Occurrence of methylation was also established by a sensitive genetic assay. ...
http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/1017/
Integrating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine into the epigenomic landscape of human embryonic stem cells. - NDM Research Building
Covalent modification of DNA distinguishes cellular identities and is crucial for regulating the pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The recent demonstration that 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) may be further modified to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in ES cells has revealed a novel regulatory paradigm to modulate the epigenetic landscape of pluripotency. To understand the role of 5-hmC in the epigenomic landscape of pluripotent cells, here we profile the genome-wide 5-hmC distribution and correlate it with the genomic profiles of 11 diverse histone modifications and six transcription factors in human ES cells. By integrating genomic 5-hmC signals with maps of histone enrichment, we link particular pluripotency-associated chromatin contexts with 5-hmC. Intriguingly, through additional correlations with defined chromatin signatures at promoter and enhancer subtypes, we show distinct enrichment of 5-hmC at enhancers marked with H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. These results suggest potential
https://www.ndmrb.ox.ac.uk/research/research/publications/628452/
Mechanisms of DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs) and DNA Demethylases | EpiGentekMechanisms of DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs) and DNA Demethylases | EpiGentek
The Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes comprise a family of three dioxygenases TET 1-3, that depend on iron (II) and 2-oxoglutarate, as cofactors for activity. They convert the methylcytosine into other cytosine derivatives by hydroxylation. The TET enzymes catalyze the sequential oxidations of 5-mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and to 5-formylcytosine (5-fC and 5-carboxycytosine (5-caC), and also the direct conversion to 5-fC and 5-caC from 5-mC. 5-fC and 5-caC could be converted back to cytosine by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) in base excision repair, rendering the cytosine completely unmethylated. ...
https://www.epigentek.com/catalog/mechanisms-of-dna-methyltransferases-dnmts-and-dna-demethylases-n-8.html
GSE79882 - Genome-wide map of DNA 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in cardiomyocytes isolated from E14.5, Neonatal, Adult, pressure...
Methylation at 5-cytosine (5-mC) is a fundamental epigenetic DNA modification associated recently with cardiac disease. In contrast, the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) - 5-mCs oxidation product - is unknown in the context of the heart. Here, we assess the hydroxymethylome in embryonic, neonatal, adult and hypertrophic mouse cardiomyocytes, showing that dynamic modulation of hydroxymethylated DNA is associated with specific transcriptional networks during heart development and failure. DNA hydroxymethylation marks gene bodies of highly expressed genes and distal regulatory regions with enhanced activity. Pathological hypertrophy is characterized by a partial shift towards a fetal-like distribution pattern. We further demonstrate a regulatory function of TET2 and provide evidence that the expression of key cardiac genes, such as Myh7 is modulated by TET2-mediated 5-hmC deposition on the gene body and at enhancers in cardiac cells. We thus provide the first genome-wide analysis of 5-hmC in the
https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/geo/GSE79882
ENGINEERED DEMETER 5-METHYLCYTOSINE DNA GLYOSYLASE WITH IMPROVED YIELD, STABILITY AND SOLUBILITY - Patent applicationENGINEERED DEMETER 5-METHYLCYTOSINE DNA GLYOSYLASE WITH IMPROVED YIELD, STABILITY AND SOLUBILITY - Patent application
Leu Ala Phe Pro Val Asp Thr Asn Val Gly Arg Ile Ala Val 1300 1305 1310Arg Met Gly Trp Val Pro Leu Gln Pro Leu Pro Glu Ser Leu Gln Leu 1315 1320 1325His Leu Leu Glu Leu Tyr Pro Val Leu Glu Ser Ile Gln Lys Phe Leu 1330 1335 1340Trp Pro Arg Leu Cys Lys Leu Asp Gln Arg Thr Leu Tyr Glu Leu His1345 1350 1355 1360Tyr Gln Leu Ile Thr Phe Gly Lys Val Phe Cys Thr Lys Ser Arg Pro 1365 1370 1375Asn Cys Asn Ala Cys Pro Met Arg Gly Glu Cys Arg His Phe Ala Ser 1380 1385 1390Ala Tyr Ala Ser Ala Arg Leu Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu Glu Arg Ser 1395 1400 1405Leu Thr Ser Ala Thr Ile Pro Val Pro Pro Glu Ser Phe Pro Pro Val 1410 1415 1420Ala Ile Pro Met Ile Glu Leu Pro Leu Pro Leu Glu Lys Ser Leu Ala1425 1430 1435 1440Ser Gly Ala Pro Ser Asn Arg Glu Asn Cys Glu Pro Ile Ile Glu Glu 1445 1450 1455Pro Ala Ser Pro Gly Gln Glu Cys Thr Glu Ile Thr Glu Ser Asp Ile 1460 1465 1470Glu Asp Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Glu Asp Pro Asp Glu Ile Pro Thr Ile Lys 1475 1480 1485Leu Asn Ile Glu Gln Phe Gly Met Thr Leu Arg Glu His Met Glu Arg 1490 1495 ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20120149023
A similar effect of P16 hydroxymethylation and true-methylation on the prediction of malignant transformation of oral...A similar effect of P16 hydroxymethylation and true-methylation on the prediction of malignant transformation of oral...
Total P16 methylation (P16M), including P16 hydroxymethylation (P16H) and true-P16M, correlates with malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Both true-P16M and P16H are early events in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to prospectively determine if discrimination of true-P16M from P16H is necessary for prediction of cancer development from OEDs. Patients (n = 265) with mild or moderate OED were recruited into the double blind two-center cohort. Total-P16M and P16H were analyzed using the 115-bp MethyLight, TET-assisted bisulfite (TAB) methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and TAB-sequencing. Total-P16M-positive and P16H-negative samples were defined as true-P16M-positive. Progression of OEDs was monitored for a minimum 24 months follow-up period. P16H was detected in 23 of 73 (31.5%) total-P16M-positive OEDs. Follow-up information was obtained from 247 patients with an ultimate compliance rate of 93.2%. OED-derived squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 13.0% (32/247) patients
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-018-4787-6/tables/2
A similar effect of P16 hydroxymethylation and true-methylation on the prediction of malignant transformation of oral...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of A similar effect of P16 hydroxymethylation and true-methylation on the prediction of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia: Observation from a prospective study 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-similar-effect-of-p16-hydroxymethylation-and-true-methylation-o/fingerprints/
Data Availability StatementNot applicable - CYP17 inhibitors in prostate cancerData Availability StatementNot applicable - CYP17 inhibitors in prostate cancer
Data Availability StatementNot applicable. DNA and RNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA modification and chromatin CALCR rearrangement. In epigenetic modification, DNA methylation and histone modification have been well studied. For example, 5-methylcytosine methylation in DNA has affected gene expression in many tumours. Significant advances have been achieved in recent years in the study of methylated drugs, such as demethylation drugs Decitabine and Azacitidine and histone deacetylase inhibitor Sedamine, which provides additional strategies for treatment of clinical diseases [2, 3]. In addition to DNA and histone methylation, another level of epigenetic regulation, namely, RNA methylation, has become a hot topic in biosciences over the past decade. Common RNA methylation sites include 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), m1G, m2G, m6G, N1-methyladenosine (m1A) and m6A. m5C modification promotes splicing and translation [4]. m1G, m2G and m1A modifications at the ...
http://tak-700.info/%EF%BB%BFdata-availability-statementnot-applicable/
5-hmC (5-Hydroxymethylcytosine) (CAS 1123-95-1) (ab146141) |Abcam5-hmC (5-Hydroxymethylcytosine) (CAS 1123-95-1) (ab146141) |Abcam
5-hmC (5-Hydroxymethylcytosine), DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base (CAS 1123-95-1). Join researchers using our high quality biochemicals.
https://www.abcam.com/5-hmc-5-hydroxymethylcytosine-dna-pyrimidine-nitrogen-base-ab146141.html
Distinct 5-methylcytosine profiles in poly(A) RNA from mouse embryonic stem cells and brain | Genome Biology | Full TextDistinct 5-methylcytosine profiles in poly(A) RNA from mouse embryonic stem cells and brain | Genome Biology | Full Text
Recent work has identified and mapped a range of posttranscriptional modifications in mRNA, including methylation of the N6 and N1 positions in adenine, pseudouridylation, and methylation of carbon 5 in cytosine (m5C). However, knowledge about the prevalence and transcriptome-wide distribution of m5C is still extremely limited; thus, studies in different cell types, tissues, and organisms are needed to gain insight into possible functions of this modification and implications for other regulatory processes. We have carried out an unbiased global analysis of m5C in total and nuclear poly(A) RNA of mouse embryonic stem cells and murine brain. We show that there are intriguing differences in these samples and cell compartments with respect to the degree of methylation, functional classification of methylated transcripts, and position bias within the transcript. Specifically, we observe a pronounced accumulation of m5C sites in the vicinity of the translational start codon, depletion in coding sequences,
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-1139-1/metrics
Distinct 5-methylcytosine profiles in poly(A) RNA from mouse embryonic stem cells and brain | Genome Biology | Full TextDistinct 5-methylcytosine profiles in poly(A) RNA from mouse embryonic stem cells and brain | Genome Biology | Full Text
Recent work has identified and mapped a range of posttranscriptional modifications in mRNA, including methylation of the N6 and N1 positions in adenine, pseudouridylation, and methylation of carbon 5 in cytosine (m5C). However, knowledge about the prevalence and transcriptome-wide distribution of m5C is still extremely limited; thus, studies in different cell types, tissues, and organisms are needed to gain insight into possible functions of this modification and implications for other regulatory processes. We have carried out an unbiased global analysis of m5C in total and nuclear poly(A) RNA of mouse embryonic stem cells and murine brain. We show that there are intriguing differences in these samples and cell compartments with respect to the degree of methylation, functional classification of methylated transcripts, and position bias within the transcript. Specifically, we observe a pronounced accumulation of m5C sites in the vicinity of the translational start codon, depletion in coding sequences,
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-1139-1/tables/1
ZFIN Publication: Yang et al., 2016ZFIN Publication: Yang et al., 2016
It has been considered that epigenetic modulation can affect a diverse array of cellular activities, in which ten eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase family members refer to a group of fundamental components involved in catalyzation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and modification of gene expression. Even though the function of TET proteins has been gradually revealed, their roles in immune regulation are still largely unknown. Recent studies provided clues that TET2 could regulate several innate immune-related inflammatory mediators in mammals. This study sought to explore the function of TET family members in potential T-helper (Th) cell differentiation involved in adaptive immunity by utilizing a zebrafish model. As shown by results, soluble antigens could induce expression of zebrafish IL-4/13A (i.e. a pivotal Th2-type cytokine essential in Th2 cell differentiation and functions), and further trigger the expression of Th1- and Th2-related genes. It is noteworthy that this ...
https://zfin.org/ZDB-PUB-160716-6
The potential influence of breast cancer estrogen receptors distribution on active DNA demethylationThe potential influence of breast cancer estrogen receptors distribution on active DNA demethylation
Alterations in DNA methylation may cause disturbances in regulation of gene expression, including drug metabolism and distribution. Moreover, many cancers, including breast cancer, are characterized by DNA hypomethylation and a decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level. The abnormal cell growth...
https://www.termedia.pl/The-potential-influence-of-breast-cancer-estrogen-receptors-distribution-on-active-DNA-demethylation,3,36708,1,1.html
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Base Flip in DNA Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulationsof Differently-Oxidized Forms of Methyl...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Base Flip in DNA Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulationsof Differently-Oxidized Forms of Methyl...
Distortions in the DNA sequence, such as damage or mispairs, are specifically recognized and processed by DNA repair enzymes. Many repair proteins and, in particular, glycosylases flip the target base out of the DNA helix into the enzymes active site. Our molecular dynamics simulations of DNA with intact and damaged (oxidized) methyl-cytosine show that the probability of being flipped is similar for damaged and intact methyl-cytosine. However, the accessibility of the different 5-methyl groups allows direct discrimination of the oxidized forms. Hydrogen-bonded patterns that vary between methyl-cytosine forms carrying a carbonyl oxygen atom are likely to be detected by the repair enzymes and may thus help target site recognition.
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/7/11799/htm
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Neurodevelopment - Peng Jin5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Neurodevelopment - Peng Jin
Cytosine methylation serves as a critical epigenetic mark by modifying DNA-protein interactions that influence transcriptional states and cellular identity. 5-m...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS079625-03
About DNA Methylation
Measuring the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) base in DNA allows researchers to investigate the role DNA methylation plays in various biological processes.
http://www.epigenweb.com
Re often not methylated (5mC) but hydroxymethylated (5hmC) [80]. However, bisulfite-based methods - http://amparinhibitor.comRe often not methylated (5mC) but hydroxymethylated (5hmC) [80]. However, bisulfite-based methods - http://amparinhibitor.com
Re often not methylated (5mC) but hydroxymethylated (5hmC) [80]. However, bisulfite-based methods of cytosine modification detection (including RRBS) are unable to distinguish these two types of modifications [81]. The presence of 5hmC in a gene body may be the GDC-0152 site reason why a fraction of CpG dinucleotides has a significant positive SCCM/E value. Unfortunately, data on genome-wide distribution of 5hmC in humans is available for a very limited set of cell types, mostly developmental [82,83], preventing us from a direct study of the effects of 5hmC on transcription and TFBSs. At the current stage the 5hmC data is not available for inclusion in the manuscript. Yet, we were able to perform an indirect study based on the localization of the studied cytosines in GW433908G site various genomic regions. We tested whether cytosines demonstrating various SCCM/E are colocated within different gene regions (Table 2). Indeed,CpG traffic lights are located within promoters of GENCODE [84] ...
https://amparinhibitor.com/2017/11/27/re-often-not-methylated-5mc-but-hydroxymethylated-5hmc-80-however-bisulfite-based-methods/
Selective Capture of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from Genomic DNA | Protocol (Translated to Turkish)Selective Capture of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from Genomic DNA | Protocol (Translated to Turkish)
Açıklanan kolay ve yoğunluk bağımsız zenginleştirme için bir biyotin bağlayıcının aktarmak tıkırtı kimya ve ardından, 5-HMC için bir...
https://www.jove.com/video/4441/genomik-dna-5-hydroxymethylcytosine-seici-yakalama?language=Turkish
Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal AntibodyAnti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody
The rabbit Anti-5-hmC Polyclonal Antibody can robustly distinguish between hydroxymethylated DNA and methylated or unmodified DNA with limited to no cross-reactivity. The antibody has been validated in ELISA and immunoprecipitation-based enrichment assays, and is suitable for use in further applications including immun
https://www.zymoresearch.com/products/anti-5-hydroxymethylcytosine-polyclonal-antibody
5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cancer - Gerd Pfeifer5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cancer - Gerd Pfeifer
Cell differentiation, reprogramming and malignant transformation are major events characterized by remarkable changes in the epigenome and involve remodeling of...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-CA160965-02
Selective Capture of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from Genomic DNA | Protocol (Translated to Chinese)Selective Capture of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from Genomic DNA | Protocol (Translated to Chinese)
描述的是一个两步骤的标记过程中使用的β-葡糖基转移酶（β-GT）来传输的叠氮化物5-HMC-葡萄糖，然后通过点击化学生物素链接器为容易和密度独立富集转移。这种高效的和具体的标记方法使富集5 - ...
https://www.jove.com/video/4441/dna5-?language=Chinese
Anti-Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 Antibody | 09-872Anti-Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 Antibody | 09-872
Anti-Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 Antibody is a Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for detection of Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 also known as tet oncogene 1 & has been validated in WB, ChIP-seq. Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
http://www.merckmillipore.com/INTL/en/product/Anti-Methylcytosine-dioxygenase-TET1-Antibody,MM_NF-09-872
Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine [AB3/63.3]Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine [AB3/63.3]
View: Main AbID Search Nested - start */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ .entry-content thead th a {padding:0!important;}tr{ -webkit-transition: all .35s ease-in-out; /* Safari 3.1 to 6.0 */ transition: all .35s ease-in-out; } /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View: Main AbID Search Nested - end */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View: List of Antibodies from Antibody ID Ecomm - start */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ .entry-content thead th a {padding:0!important;} /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View: List of Antibodies from Antibody ID Ecomm - end */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View: ProductsInAntibodyTbl - start */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ a.productappearance{ display:inline-block; font-size:80%; padding:3px; background:gray; color:white!important; ...
http://absoluteantibody.com/ab/Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine-AB363-3/
Information storage and transferInformation storage and transfer
Throughout its lifetime, the DNA in a cell is under constant metabolic and environmental assault leading to damage. The ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight, ionizing radiation and numerous genotoxic chemicals, including the (by)products of normal cellular metabolism (e.g. reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide), constitute a permanent enemy to DNA integrity. Hydrolysis of nucleotide residues leaves non-instructive abasic sites. Spontaneous or induced deamination of cytosine, adenine, guanine or 5-methylcytosine converts these bases to the miscoding uracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine and thymine, respectively. Left unchecked, the resulting genomic instability initiates cancer and other age-related disorders. Inherited or acquired deficiencies in genome maintenance systems contribute significantly to the onset of cancer. Over time, DNA accumulates changes that activate proto-oncogenes and inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. Cells have evolved ...
https://www.asbmb.org/education/core-concept-teaching-strategies/foundational-concepts/information-storage
SACOL RS06105 - AureoWikiSACOL RS06105 - AureoWiki
16S rRNA (cytosine1402-N4)-methyltransferaseS-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1402 in 16S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N4-methylcytosine1402 in 16S rRNA ...
http://aureowiki.med.uni-greifswald.de/SACOL_RS06105
Vitamin C Stops CancerVitamin C Stops Cancer
by Dr. Mercola [1]. There are continual advances in science (as well as always some controversy), but new research supporting vitamin Cs potential in preventing the advancement of several forms of cancer is some of the most promising and remarkable thats emerged in a while.. More specifically, vitamin C may stop leukemia stem cells from multiplying, which could prevent certain forms of blood cancer from advancing, the journal Cell reveals, [1] along with pancreatic, colon, liver and ovarian cancers, according to several other notable medical journals and scientific reports.. An enzyme known as Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) has the ability to make stem cells morph into mature, normal blood cells that will eventually expire like normal cells. Stem cells, the study explains, are undifferentiated cells that have not yet gained a specific identity and function. [2]. This ability helps patients with some blood cancers, including acute and chronic leukemia, because their stem cells ...
http://healthimpactnews.com/2017/vitamin-c-stops-cancer/print/
Sao Paulo Fashion Week A/W 10-11 | DazedSao Paulo Fashion Week A/W 10-11 | Dazed
Designers like Ronaldo Fraga, Colcii and Samuel Cirnansck impressed at the increasingly high-profile South American centre of fashion.
https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6440/1/sao-paulo-fashion-week-a-w-10-11
Mutation biasMutation bias
Bibcode:2003JMolE..56..373.. doi:10.1007/s00239-002-2455-5. ISSN 0022-2844. S2CID 7971705. Sayres, Melissa A. Wilson; Venditti ... Ehrlich, M; Wang, R. (1981-06-19). "5-Methylcytosine in eukaryotic DNA". Science. 212 (4501): 1350-1357. Bibcode:1981Sci... ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_bias
DNA sequencingDNA sequencing
6 (5): 1-9. doi:10.1093/gigascience/gix024. PMC 5467036. PMID 28379488. Valouev A, Ichikawa J, Tonthat T, Stuart J, Ranade S, ... Retrieved 5 July 2018. Huang YF, Chen SC, Chiang YS, Chen TH, Chiu KP (2012). "Palindromic sequence impedes sequencing-by- ... 5 (23): 2638-49. doi:10.1002/smll.200900976. PMID 19904762. Schadt EE, Turner S, Kasarskis A (2010). "A window into third- ... 48 (5): 1295-302. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(72)90852-2. PMID 4560009. Wu R, Tu CD, Padmanabhan R (1973). "Nucleotide sequence ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing
Arthur Riggs (geneticist)Arthur Riggs (geneticist)
ISBN 978-3-11-014830-5. Retrieved June 2, 2015. Riggs, Arthur D.; Bourgeois, Suzanne (June 1968). "On the assay, isolation and ... Riggs, AD; Jones, PA (1983). "5-methylcytosine, gene regulation, and cancer". Advances in Cancer Research. 40: 1-30. doi: ... examining the DNA methylation pattern of the entire genome in an attempt to find patterns of the epigenetic mark 5- ... methylcytosine. DNA methylation is believed to pass information from parent cells to daughter cells, functioning as a secondary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Riggs_(geneticist)
HydroxymethylationHydroxymethylation
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride ([P(CH2OH)4]Cl) is produced in this way from phosphine (PH3). 5-Methylcytosine is a ... 10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-1-Yne and (E)-7,11-Dimethyl-6,10-Dodecadien-2-yn-1-ol". Organic Syntheses. 69: 120. doi:10.15227/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxymethylation
Tuberculinic acidTuberculinic acid
It was from this compound that DNA methylation was discovered as it was the first molecule found to contain 5-methylcytosine. ... Johnson, Treat B.; Coghill, Robert D. (1925). "The discovery of 5-methyl-cytosine in tuberculinic acid, the nucleic acid of the ... Wyatt GR (1950). "Occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in nucleic acids". Nature. 166 (4214): 237-238. doi:10.1038/166237b0. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculinic_acid
Epitranscriptomic sequencingEpitranscriptomic sequencing
Second, 5-aza-C is introduced to the cells so that it could be incorporated into nascent RNA in place of cytosine. Normally, ... For 5-aza-C, due to a nitrogen substitution in the C5 position of cytosine, the RNA methytransferase enzyme remains covalently ... 31(5): 459-464. Sakurai, M.; et al. (2014). "A biochemical landscape of A-to-I RNA editing in the human brain transcriptome". ... The chimeric oligonucleotide serves as a guide to allow RNase H to cleave the RNA strand precisely at the 5'-end of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitranscriptomic_sequencing
Transcriptional regulationTranscriptional regulation
49 (5): 825-37. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.038. PMC 3857148. PMID 23473601. de Napoles M, Mermoud JE, Wakao R, Tang YA, Endoh ... 7 (5): 663-76. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.005. PMID 15525528. Lövkvist C, Dodd IB, Sneppen K, Haerter JO (June 2016). "DNA ... The most relevant study on limb evolution shows that the TAD at the 5' of the HoxD gene cluster in tetrapod genomes drives its ... 229 (5): 538-44. doi:10.1002/jcp.24483. PMID 24122273. S2CID 44613555. Chapman RD, Conrad M, Eick D (September 2005). "Role of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation
DNA methylationDNA methylation
N6-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N6-methyladenine. In: Nucleic Acids Research. 13, 1985, S. 1399. PMID 4000939. PMC ... 90 (5): 785-790. doi:10.2307/3761319. JSTOR 3761319. Liu SY, Lin JQ, Wu HL, Wang CC, Huang SJ, Luo YF, Sun JH, Zhou JX, Yan SJ ... 24 (5): 821-30. doi:10.1101/gr.162412.113. PMC 4009611. PMID 24558263. Zhang G, Huang H, Liu D, Cheng Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Yin R ... 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNMTs by trapping them in a covalent complex on DNA by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation
Regulatory sequenceRegulatory sequence
5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (see figure). 5-mC is an epigenetic marker found ... In most tissues of mammals, on average, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated (forming 5-methyl-CpG, or 5-mCpG). ... TET enzymes can catalyze demethylation of 5-methylcytosine. When EGR1 transcription factors bring TET1 enzymes to EGR1 binding ... predominantly on cytosines within CpG dinucleotides, which consist of a cytosine is followed by a guanine reading in the 5′ to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_sequence
Treat Baldwin JohnsonTreat Baldwin Johnson
The Discovery of 5-Methyl-Cytosine in Tuberculinic Acid, the Nucleic Acid of the Tubercle Bacillus". Journal of the American ... Together with R. D. Coghill, Johnson was the first to discover the existence of 5-methylcytosine in nature, from tuberculinic ... Wyatt, G. R. (1950). "Occurrence of 5-Methyl-Cytosine in Nucleic Acids". Nature. 166 (4214): 237-238. Bibcode:1950Natur.166.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treat_Baldwin_Johnson
DNADNA
... methyladenine N6-methyadenine Modified Guanine 7-Deazaguanine 7-Methylguanine Modified Cytosine N4-Methylcytosine 5- ... 13 (5): 212-20. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.03.010. PMID 15866038. Nickle DC, Learn GH, Rain MW, Mullins JI, Mittler JE (January ... Retrieved 5 March 2015. Hunt, Katie (17 February 2021). "World's oldest DNA sequenced from a mammoth that lived more than a ... Therefore, any DNA strand normally has one end at which there is a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of a ribose (the 5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA
EpigeneticsEpigenetics
71 (5): 865-73. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90561-P. PMID 1423634. S2CID 5995820. Chuang LS, Ian HI, Koh TW, Ng HH, Xu G, Li BF ( ... 302 (1): 5-18. doi:10.1002/jez.b.20002. PMID 14760651. Alvarez-Buylla ER, Chaos A, Aldana M, Benítez M, Cortes-Poza Y, Espinosa ... 128 (4): 641-5. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007. PMID 17320501. S2CID 6928707. Zaidi, S. K.; Lian, J. B.; Vanwijnen, A. J.; ... 18 (5): 299-314. doi:10.1038/nrm.2016.166. PMID 28144029. S2CID 3307731. Jang CW, Shibata Y, Starmer J, Yee D, Magnuson T (July ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics
DeaminationDeamination
This can occur in vitro through the use of bisulfite, which deaminates cytosine, but not 5-methylcytosine. This property has ... A DNA polymerase may perform this replacement via nick translation, a terminal excision reaction by its 5'⟶3' exonuclease ... Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in thymine and ammonia. This is the most common single nucleotide mutation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deamination
DNA damage theory of agingDNA damage theory of aging
6 (5): 836-43. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.031. PMC 4010117. PMID 24582957. Kanfi Y, Naiman S, Amir G, Peshti V, Zinman G, ... 134 (5-6): 261-9. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.006. PMID 23562424. S2CID 25146054. Theil AF, Nonnekens J, Steurer B, Mari PO, de ... 5 (5): 503-9. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400127. PMC 1299048. PMID 15105825. Reiling E, Dollé ME, Youssef SA, Lee M, Nagarajah B, ... 37 (5): 1043-53. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.10.006. PMID 15743677. MacRae SL, Croken MM, Calder RB, Aliper A, Milholland B, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging
MethylationMethylation
5-methylcytosine (5-mC) also commonly occurs in various RNA molecules. Recent data strongly suggest that m6A and 5-mC RNA ... 480 (7378): 490-5. doi:10.1038/nature11086. PMID 22170606. Rotondo JC, Selvatici R, Di Domenico M, Marci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, ... This 5-O-methylation affects the flavonoid´s water solubility. Examples are 5-O-methylgenistein, 5-O-methylmyricetin or 5-O- ... 5 (19): 19. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-5-19. PMC 1282579. PMID 16225687.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation
ReprogrammingReprogramming
The Figure in this section indicates the central roles of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) in the ... 32 (5): 645-655. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.357. PMC 3590984. PMID 23353889. Zhou X, Zhuang Z, Wang W, He L, Wu H, Cao Y, et al. ( ... 131 (5): 861-872. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019. PMID 18035408. S2CID 8531539. David L, Polo JM (May 2014). "Phases of ... TET2 does not have an affinity for 5-methylcytosine in DNA. The CXXC domain of the full-length TET3, which is the predominant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprogramming
GermlineGermline
This usually occurs in the DNA sequence CpG, changing the DNA at the CpG site from CpG to 5-mCpG. Methylation of cytosines in ... 80 (5): 1387-1391. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.1387B. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1387. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 393602. PMID 6572396. Ohno M, ... The mutation frequencies for cells in different stages of gametogenesis are about 5 to 10-fold lower than in somatic cells both ... Yamaguchi S, Hong K, Liu R, Inoue A, Shen L, Zhang K, Zhang Y (March 2013). "Dynamics of 5-methylcytosine and 5- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germline
NucleobaseNucleobase
"Role of 5' mRNA and 5' U snRNA cap structures in regulation of gene expression" - Research - Retrieved 13 December 2010. Nguyen ... In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytosine (m5C). In RNA, there are many modified bases, including those ... "Some viruses thwart bacterial defenses with a unique genetic alphabet". 5 May 2021. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. "Section ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleobase
DNA demethylationDNA demethylation
These are a ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). One particular TET ... by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TET enzymes). The molecular steps of this initial demethylation are ... In short patch repair, 5′ dRP lyase trims the 5′ dRP end to form a phosphorylated 5′ end. This is followed by DNA polymerase β ... The human genome contains about 28 million CpG sites, and roughly 60% of the CpG sites are methylated at the 5 position of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_demethylation
Anjana RaoAnjana Rao
"TET methylcytosine oxidases: new insights from a decade of research". Journal of Biosciences. 45 (1): 21. doi:10.1007/s12038- ... replacement of 5-methylcytosine by cytosine. At the La Jolla Institute, her lab demonstrated the importance of TET enzymes in ... "Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1". Science. 324 (5929): 930-935. ... "Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2". Nature. 468 (7325): 839-843. Bibcode:2010Natur ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjana_Rao
NSUN2NSUN2
49 (6): 380-5. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100686. PMC 4771841. PMID 22577224. "Body weight data for Nsun2". Wellcome Trust ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 5, Human proteins, Genes ... The protein is a methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at position 34 of ... July 2019). "NSUN2 introduces 5-methylcytosines in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 47 (16): 8720-8733. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSUN2
EpigenomicsEpigenomics
14 (13): 2921-5. doi:10.1021/bi00684a020. PMID 1148185. Zhou W, Sherwood B, Ji Z, Xue Y, Du F, Bai J, Ying M, Ji H (October ... 7 (6): 461-5. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1459. PMC 2879396. PMID 20453866. Yang Y, Scott SA (2017). "DNA Methylation Profiling Using ... 403 (6765): 41-5. Bibcode:2000Natur.403...41S. doi:10.1038/47412. PMID 10638745. S2CID 4418993. Sedighi M, Sengupta AM ( ... In eukaryotes, methylation is most commonly found on the carbon 5 position of cytosine residues (5mC) adjacent to guanine, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics
Yi Zhang (biochemist)Yi Zhang (biochemist)
128 (5): 889-900. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.013. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 17320163. S2CID 1412135. Liang, Gaoyang; He, Jin; Zhang ... 14 (5): 457-466. doi:10.1038/ncb2483. ISSN 1476-4679. PMC 3544197. PMID 22522173. Matoba, Shogo; Liu, Yuting; Lu, Falong; ... Inoue, Azusa; Zhang, Yi (2011-10-14). "Replication-dependent loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mouse preimplantation embryos ... to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5fC, and 5caC in a cyclic manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. He continued to reveal the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Zhang_(biochemist)
Shankar BalasubramanianShankar Balasubramanian
6 (5): 435-40. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..435B. doi:10.1038/nchem.1893. PMC 4188980. PMID 24755596. "Corday-Morgan Prizes". Royal ... 3 (5): B37. PMID 17582897. Balasubramanian, S (2013). "An interview with Shankar Balasubramanian". Trends in Biochemical ... Booth, M. J.; Marsico, G.; Bachman, M.; Beraldi, D.; Balasubramanian, S. (2014). "Quantitative sequencing of 5-formylcytosine ... 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine. Honours and awards include: 1998 Glaxo Wellcome Award for Innovative Organic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shankar_Balasubramanian
Jens H. GundlachJens H. Gundlach
"Detection and mapping of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine with nanopore MspA". Proceedings of the National Academy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_H._Gundlach
Mutational signaturesMutational signatures
46 (5): 487-91. doi:10.1038/ng.2955. PMC 4137149. PMID 24728294. Yang B, Li X, Lei L, Chen J (September 2017). "APOBEC: From ... 5 (3): e223833. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3833. PMID 35319765. Alexandrov LB, Ju YS, Haase K, Van Loo P, Martincorena I ... Signature 5 has a predominance of T>C substitutions in the ApTpN trinucleotide context with transcriptional strand bias. ... Taking the information from the 5' and 3' adjacent bases (also called flanking base pairs or trinucleotide context) lead to 96 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutational_signatures
Whole genome bisulfite sequencingWhole genome bisulfite sequencing
89 (5): 1827-1831. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.1827F. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1827. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 48546. PMID 1542678. Clark, S J ... 5 (12): 1005-1010. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1270. ISSN 1548-7105. PMC 2610436. PMID 19034268. Wang, Qi; Gu, Lei; Adey, Andrew; ... As a result, specificity between 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is limited. Another potential source of bias ... doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46875-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6637168. PMID 31316107. Parle-Mcdermott, Anne; Harrison, Alan (2011). "DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_bisulfite_sequencing
Bisulfite sequencingBisulfite sequencing
... methylcytosine, giving a map of the true methylation status in the DNA sample. Levels of 5‑hydroxymethylcytosine can also be ... PLOS ONE.2010;5(1):e8888. Yu, M., Hon, G. C., Szulwach, K. E., Song, C., Jin, P., Ren, B., He, C. Tet-assisted bisulfite ... 29 (13): E65-5. doi:10.1093/nar/29.13.e65. PMC 55789. PMID 11433041. Ehrich M, Zoll S, Sur S, van den Boom D (2007). "A new ... 30 (5): 21e-21. doi:10.1093/nar/30.5.e21. PMC 101257. PMID 11861926. Tahiliani M, Koh KP, Shen Y, Pastor WA, Bandukwala H, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisulfite_sequencing
MBD4MBD4
9 (2): 393-5. doi:10.3892/or.9.2.393. PMID 11836615. Jost JP, Thiry S, Siegmann M (2002). "Estradiol receptor potentiates, in ... 78 (2): 151-5. doi:10.1007/bf00278187. PMID 3338800. S2CID 41948691. Sanders MA, Chew E, et al. (Jul 2018). "MBD4 guards ... Deamination of cytosine (C) to uracil (U) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to thymine (T) generates G:U and G:T mismatches, ... doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00043-5. PMID 12430186. Screaton RA, Kiessling S, Sansom OJ, Millar CB, Maddison K, Bird A, Clarke AR ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBD4
I-motif DNAI-motif DNA
At a pH of 5, these regions contracted to form i-motifs, tightening the ring in a fashion similar to closing a trash bag. At a ... Chemical modifications to the C:C+ base pair in which halogenated analogs (5-fluoro, 5-bromo, and 5-iodo) took the place of ... However, no significant differences in stability occurred with the addition of 5 mM Mg+, Ca+, Zn+, Li+ or K+ cations in the ... Methylation of cytosine at position 5 increased pH of mid-transition and Tm of i-motifs. On the other hand, hydroxymethylation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-motif_DNA
Hypothetical types of biochemistryHypothetical types of biochemistry
1-Methylcytosine for DNA).[9][10]. ... 978-0-375-50832-5. .. *^ a b c d Committee on the Limits of ... 978-0-375-50832-5. .. *^ a b c Sagan, Carl; Head, Tom (2006). Conversations with Carl Sagan. University Press of Mississippi. p ... Bibcode:2005AsBio...5..154D. doi:10.1089/ast.2005.5.154. PMID 15815166.. *^ Sagan, Carl; Agel, Jerome (2000). Carl Sagan's ... Bradley, Alex (5 December 2010). "Arsenate-based DNA: a big idea with big holes". scienceblogs.com/webeasties/. Archived from ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-organic_life
Transcription factorTranscription factor
TET enzymes do not specifically bind to methylcytosine except when recruited (see DNA demethylation). Multiple transcription ... to act on methylcytosine (mC) and convert it to hydroxymethylcytosine hmC (and in most cases marking them for subsequent ... 2007: 1-5. doi:10.1155/2007/89017. PMC 2248278. PMID 18317533.. *^ Iwakuma T, Lozano G, Flores ER (July 2005). "Li-Fraumeni ... 5 (3): 130-8. doi:10.1159/000109183. PMID 8864058.. *^ Evan G, Harrington E, Fanidi A, Land H, Amati B, Bennett M (August 1994 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factors
NeurogenesisNeurogenesis
Methylcytosine demethylation is catalyzed in several stages by TET enzymes that carry out oxidative reactions (e.g. 5- ... methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway.[11] ... 8 (5): a018820. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a018820. PMC 4852803. PMID 27048191.. *^ Alvarez-Buylla, A; Lim, DA (4 March 2004). " ... 2006). Principles of neural science (5. ed.). Appleton and Lange: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0071390118. .. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis
Biomarkers of agingBiomarkers of aging
doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0719-5. PMC 7301912. PMID 31932806.. *^ Van Neste D, Tobin DJ (2004). "Hair cycle and hair pigmentation ... In C. elegans, the loss of any of the three Trithorax proteins that catalyze the trimethylation of H3K4 such as, WDR-5 and the ... The cytosine base is methylated and becomes 5-methylcytosine, most often when in the CpG context. Hypermethylation of CpG ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers_of_aging
DNA repairDNA repair
5 July 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2018.. *^ a b Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, ... 33 (5): 1268-74. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2014.1682. PMID 24590400.. *^ Krause A, Combaret V, Iacono I, Lacroix B, Compagnon C, ... 978-1-4419-9966-5. . PMC 3707278. PMID 22956494.. *^ Krishnan K, Steptoe AL, Martin HC, Wani S, Nones K, Waddell N, et al. ( ... First, two kinases, ATM and ATR are activated within 5 or 6 minutes after DNA is damaged. This is followed by phosphorylation ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair
MutationMutation
38 (5): 1116-1129. doi:10.2307/2408444. JSTOR 2408444. PMID 28555784.. *^ Orr HA (April 2003). "The distribution of fitness ... 42 (5): 399-435. doi:10.1080/10409230701648502. PMC 3319127. PMID 17917874.. *^ Quinto-Alemany D, Canerina-Amaro A, Hernández- ... 5 (1): 109. arXiv:2110.00113. Bibcode:2022CmPhy...5..109S. doi:10.1038/s42005-022-00881-8. ISSN 2399-3650. S2CID 238253421.. ... Liou S (5 February 2011). "All About Mutations". HOPES. Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation
NeurogenesisNeurogenesis
Methylcytosine demethylation is catalyzed in several stages by TET enzymes that carry out oxidative reactions (e.g. 5- ... methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway.[11] ... 8 (5): a018820. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a018820. PMC 4852803. PMID 27048191.. *^ Alvarez-Buylla, A; Lim, DA (4 March 2004). " ... 2006). Principles of neural science (5. ed.). Appleton and Lange: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0071390118. .. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis
Promoter (genetics)Promoter (genetics)
5 (Suppl 1): S2. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-5-S1-S2. PMC 3121118. PMID 21689477. Shu J, Jelinek J, Chang H, Shen L, Qin T, Chung W, ... DNA methylation forms 5-methylcytosines at the 5' pyrimidine ring of CpG cytosine residues. Some cancer genes are silenced by ... 5 (12): 1331-1341. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.5b00223. PMID 27346626. Chauhan V, Bahrudeen MN, Palma CS, Baptista IS, Almeida BL, ... In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5' position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)
HippocampusHippocampus
5. Center for Inquiry. pp. 52-56. Archived from the original on 2020-04-29. Retrieved 2020-03-20. Rubin M, Shvil E, Papini S, ... 44 (1): 5-21. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012. PMID 15450156. S2CID 79844. Matsumura N, Nishijo H, Tamura R, Eifuku S, Endo S ... ISBN 978-1-292-02320-5. Jatzko A, Rothenhöfer S, Schmitt A, Gaser C, Demirakca T, Weber-Fahr W, Wessa M, Magnotta V, Braus DF ( ... Sharp waves are frequently generated in sets, with sets containing up to 5 or more individual sharp waves and lasting up to 500 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus
Very short patch repairVery short patch repair
Very short patch (VSP) repair is a DNA repair system that removes GT mismatches created by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine ... and it creates a nick on a single strand by cleaving the phosphate backbone on the 5' side of the thymine. Then DNA Polymerase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_short_patch_repair
Huda ZoghbiHuda Zoghbi
5 (9): 1207-1216. doi:10.1093/hmg/5.9.1207. PMID 8872459. Bermingham, Nessan A.; Hassan, Bassem A.; Price, Steven D.; Vollrath ... 178 (5): 1159-1175.e17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.043. PMC 6726125. PMID 31442405 - via Elsevier Science Direct. Kavli Prize ... 75 (5): 799-809. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.027. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3464459. PMID 22958821. Flora, Adriano; Klisch, Tiemo J ... 5: e14198. doi:10.7554/eLife.14198. PMC 4946897. PMID 27328321. Rodríguez, Ana María (5 September 2019). "Ataxin-1: One gene, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi
Fragaria vescaFragaria vesca
... an integrative DNA N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine modification database for Rosaceae". Horticulture Research. Nature + ... 52 (1): 5-7. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0544-2. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 6960091. PMID 31844320. S2CID 209381682. "Internet Archaeol 1. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca
DNA repairDNA repair
5 July 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2018. Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J ... 5 (5): 503-09. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400127. PMC 1299048. PMID 15105825. de Boer J, Andressoo JO, de Wit J, Huijmans J, Beems ... 26 (5): 1143-53. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp029. PMC 2668831. PMID 19228922. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick ... 5 (3): 43-49. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v5.i3.43. PMC 3648662. PMID 23671730. Narayanan L, Fritzell JA, Baker SM, Liskay RM, Glazer PM ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair
Chromosome 13Chromosome 13
... encoding protein Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 346 LOC107984557 encoding protein Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1-like ... 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMC 2898077. PMID 20441615. "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 13". HUGO Gene ... Glypican 5: encoding protein Glypican-5 HTR2A: 5-HT2A receptor INTS6: encoding protein Integrator complex subunit 6 GPALPP1: ... encoding protein SLIT and NTRK-like protein 5 SLITRK6: encoding protein SLIT and NTRK-like protein 6 SOX21: Transcription ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_13
Third-generation sequencingThird-generation sequencing
examined 4-methylcytosine (4mC) and 6-methyladenine (6mA), along with 5mC, and also created software to directly visualize the ... Here they found that in E. coli, which has a known methylome, event windows of 5 base pairs long can be used to divide and ... was used to analyze MinION data to detect 5-methylcytosine (5mC) DNA modification. The model was trained using synthetically ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_sequencing
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2
... (TET2) is a human gene. It resides at chromosome 4q24, in a region showing recurrent ... "Entrez Gene: Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1". Retrieved 1 September 2012. Kriaucionis S, Heintz N (May 2009). "The nuclear ... TET2 encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of the modified DNA base methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. The ... which it then activates by converting methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the genes' promoters. Additionally, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_methylcytosine_dioxygenase_2
5-Methylcytidine5-Methylcytidine
... is a modified nucleoside derived from 5-methylcytosine. It is found in ribonucleic acids of animal, plant, and ... Dunn, D. B. (1960). "Isolation of 5-methylcytidine from ribonucleic acid". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 38: 176-178. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methylcytidine
Alkb homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutaratedependent dioxygenaseAlkb homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutaratedependent dioxygenase
ALKBH2 (MIM 610602) and ALKBH3 are E. coli AlkB homologs that catalyze the removal of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine ( ... 69 (4): 360-5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.011. PMID 20970119. S2CID 41571515. Tasaki M, Shimada K, Kimura H, Tsujikawa K, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkb_homolog_3,_alpha-ketoglutaratedependent_dioxygenase
List of MeSH codes (D03)List of MeSH codes (D03)
5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 - 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl- ... 5-amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole MeSH D03.383.312.649.290 - fanft MeSH D03.383.312.649.308 - furagin MeSH ... 5-amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole MeSH D03.383.129.462.580.400 - 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan MeSH D03.383. ... 5-dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-amine MeSH D03.383.129.539.200 - epirizole MeSH D03.383.129.539.487 - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D03)
Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiationEpigenetics in stem-cell differentiation
As soon as the TSA treatment was stopped, on day 4 the deacetylation was observed and the acetylation recovered on Day-5. The ... Global levels of 5-methylcytosine were compared between undifferentiated and differentiated embryonic stem cells in vitro. The ... H3K4 trimethylation coincides with the time of highest Brachyury gene expression since it only had gene expression on day 5. ... The morphological examination of the third group,' 5 nM TSA' showed the intermediate effect between the control and 10nM-TSA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_in_stem-cell_differentiation
5-Methyluridine5-Methyluridine
... contains a thymine base joined to a ribose pentose sugar. It is a white solid. 5-Methylcytosine 3-Methyluridine ... The chemical compound 5-methyluridine (symbol m⁵U or m5U), also called ribothymidine, is a pyrimidine nucleoside. It is the ... "5-Methyluridine". ChemSpider. Retrieved December 6, 2018. William M. Haynes (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyluridine
TET enzymesTET enzymes
The TET enzymes are a family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases. They are instrumental in DNA ... These are a ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase and thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). One particular TET ... 5-Methylcytosine (see first Figure) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that often regulates gene transcription ... They used a pain inducing model of intra plantar injection of 5% formalin into the dorsal surface of the mouse hindpaw and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TET_enzymes
5-Methylcytosine - Wikipedia5-Methylcytosine - Wikipedia
In 5-methylcytosine, a methyl group is attached to the 5th atom in the 6-atom ring, counting counterclockwise from the NH- ... In plants, 5-methylcytosine occurs at CpG, CpHpG and CpHpH sequences (where H = A, C or T). In fungi and animals, 5- ... methylcytosine predominantly occurs at CpG dinucleotides. Most eukaryotes methylate only a small percentage of these sites, but ... 5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that regulates gene transcription and takes several other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methylcytosine
iRNA-m5C NB: A Novel Predictor to Identify RNA 5-Methylcytosine Sites Based on the Naive Bayes Classifier | IEEE Journals &...iRNA-m5C NB: A Novel Predictor to Identify RNA 5-Methylcytosine Sites Based on the Naive Bayes Classifier | IEEE Journals &...
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) plays vital roles in better understanding of basic biological me ...
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9082630/
TET proteins and 5-methylcytosine oxidation in hematological cancersTET proteins and 5-methylcytosine oxidation in hematological cancers
Eschweiler S, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Li Y, King E, Chudley L, Thomas J, Wood O, von Witzleben A, Jeffrey D, McCann K, Simon H, Mondal M, Wang A, Dicker M, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Chou TF, Dobbs NA, Essame L, Acton G, Kelly F, Halbert G, Sacco JJ, Schache AG, Shaw R, McCaul JA, Paterson C, Davies JH, Brennan PA, Singh RP, Loadman PM, Wilson W, Hackshaw A, Seumois G, Okkenhaug K, Thomas GJ, Jones TM, Ay F, Friberg G, Kronenberg M, Vanhaesebroeck B, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier CH. ...
https://www.lji.org/publication-type/tet-proteins-and-5-methylcytosine-oxidation-in-hematological-cancers/
5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) antibody (mAb) | MyBio Ireland5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) antibody (mAb) | MyBio Ireland
Active Motifs 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) antibody (mAb) (Clone 33D3) was raised in a Mouse host. It has been validated for use in ... Active Motifs 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) antibody (mAb) (Clone 33D3) was raised in a Mouse host. It has been validated for use in ...
https://mybio.ie/products/5-methylcytosine_-5-mc-_antibody_-mab
MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that protects CA repeats from nucleosome invasionMeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that protects CA repeats from nucleosome invasion
Abdulkhaleg Ibrahim # 1 2 3 4 5 6 , Christophe Papin # 1 2 3 4 5 , Kareem Mohideen-Abdul # 1 3 4 5 7 , Stéphanie Le Gras 1 3 4 ... 5 , Isabelle Stoll 1 2 3 4 5 , Christian Bronner 1 2 3 4 5 , Stefan Dimitrov 8 9 , Bruno P Klaholz 10 3 4 5 7 , Ali Hamiche 10 ... with considerably modified geometry at the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is recognized specifically by Arg133, a key residue ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324427/
Novel insights into the role of 5-Methylcytosine RNA methylation in human abdominal aortic aneurysmNovel insights into the role of 5-Methylcytosine RNA methylation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm
The major 5-methylcytosine modulators, including NSUN2, NSUN5, and Aly/REF, which represented the major parameters related to ... Novel insights into the role of 5-Methylcytosine RNA methylation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front. Biosci. (Landmark ... m5C, 5-Methylcytosine RNA methylation; AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain ... Background: It remains largely unclear about the function of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification in the context of ...
https://www.imrpress.com/journal/fbl/26/11/10.52586/5016
30th anniversary collection: top articles from the past 30 years30th anniversary collection: top articles from the past 30 years
5-methylcytosine promotes mRNA export - NSUN2 as the methyltransferase and ALYREF as an m5C reader *Xin Yang ...
https://www.nature.com/collections/iidcgghceg?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3e45be81-69ba-4005-b3c3-84c29b3ddf31
Quantitative assessment of Tet-induced oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine in cellular and tissue DNA<...Quantitative assessment of Tet-induced oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine in cellular and tissue DNA<...
Moreover, 5-HmdC is present at a level that is approximately 2-3 and 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than 5-FodC and 5-CadC, ... Moreover, 5-HmdC is present at a level that is approximately 2-3 and 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than 5-FodC and 5-CadC, ... Moreover, 5-HmdC is present at a level that is approximately 2-3 and 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than 5-FodC and 5-CadC, ... Moreover, 5-HmdC is present at a level that is approximately 2-3 and 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than 5-FodC and 5-CadC, ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/quantitative-assessment-of-tet-induced-oxidation-products-of-5-me
Dynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease | Nature CommunicationsDynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease | Nature Communications
Figure 5: Repression of genes by the polycomb mark H3K27me3.. (a,b) IGV (integrative genomics viewer) traces of CpG methylation ... a,b) Heat maps of gene expression (a) and CpG methylation (b) of gene bodies and flanking regions (±5 kbp) with differential ... 5; Supplementary Fig. 12). Demethylated genes may also be repressed by de novo methylation, which is mediated by DNMT3A/B ( ... 5). This amounted to 5% of all CpGs in the mouse genome (Fig. 1e). Ninety percent of these CpGs were hypomethylated and 10% ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6288?error=cookies_not_supported&code=033158a2-5974-408f-84df-e3f69e8bd0dc
Energetic DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) - A genome-wide RNAi screen...Energetic DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) - A genome-wide RNAi screen...
5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine Anisomycin AZ-960 BA554C12.1 BTLA Col11a1 DKK2 Dock4 EIF4G1 Goat polyclonal to IgG H+L)HRPO) HOXA2 ... 5 and Supplementary Take note 2). Even though the mechanism from the C-to-T changeover awaits potential investigations, we ... Energetic DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). October 3, 2017. Tracy Porter ... Energetic DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine ( ...
https://flora2world.com/energetic-dna-demethylation-in-mammals-involves-tet-mediated-oxidation-of-5-methylcytosine-5mc/
Epigenetic Approaches in Neuroblastoma Disease Pathogenesis | IntechOpenEpigenetic Approaches in Neuroblastoma Disease Pathogenesis | IntechOpen
In addition, several studies evaluated the 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) distribution patterns, which distinguish cancer cells from ... 5. :3316-3332. *9. Xie C, Fu L, Xie L, Liu N, Li Q. Rsf-1 overexpression serves as a prognostic marker in human hepatocellular ... A) TSP-1 gene expression levels were detected by RT-PCR analysis in NBL-W-S cells treated with vehicle or 1 or 5 μM of 5-Aza-dC ... 5. Lai AY, Wade PA. Cancer biology and NuRD: A multifaceted chromatin remodelling complex. Nature Review Cancer. 2011;. 11. : ...
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/55963
Research - Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis | MD Anderson Cancer CenterResearch - Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis | MD Anderson Cancer Center
5:42.. Veland N, Lu Y, Hardikar S, Gaddis S, Zeng Y, Liu B, Estecio MR, Takata Y, Lin K, Tomida MW, Shen J, Saha D, Gowher H, ... 2021 Mar;5(1):2. (Review). Yang F, Chen J, Liu B, Gao G, Sebastian M, Jeter C, Shen J, Person MD, Bedford MT. SPINDOC binds ... 58(5):863-9.. Kapoor P, Bao Y, Xiao J, Luo J, Shen J, Persinger J, Peng G, Ranish J, Bartholomew B, Shen X. (2015) Regulation ... 1(5):e201800117.. Das P, Veazey KJ, Van HT, Kaushik S, Lin K, Lu Y, Ishii M, Kikuta J, Ge K, Nussenzweig A, Santos MA. (2018) ...
https://www.mdanderson.org/research/departments-labs-institutes/departments-divisions/epigenetics-and-molecular-carcinogenesis/research.html
Hydralazine hydrochloride, DNA methylation inhibitor. (CAS 304-20-1) (ab120863)Hydralazine hydrochloride, DNA methylation inhibitor. (CAS 304-20-1) (ab120863)
After transfer the membrane was blocked for an hour using 5% BSA before being incubated with ab19905 at 1 µg/ml and ab8227 at 1 ... Jurkat cells were incubated at 37°C for 5 days with vehicle control (0 µM) and different concentrations of hydralazine ...
https://www.abcam.com/hydralazine-hydrochloride-dna-methylation-inhibitor-ab120863.html
Frontiers | SMRT Sequencing Revealed Mitogenome Characteristics and Mitogenome-Wide DNA Modification Pattern in Ophiocordyceps...Frontiers | SMRT Sequencing Revealed Mitogenome Characteristics and Mitogenome-Wide DNA Modification Pattern in Ophiocordyceps...
4-methylcytosine (4mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), which can be identified by a series of methyltransferases at ... Dongbo Liu1,2,3,5*. *1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural ... Ring 2 includes protein-coding genes (lasureous), rRNAs (blue) and tRNAs (red). ORFs are located on ring 3. Rings 4 and 5 shows ... Dawid, I. B. (1974). 5-methylcytidylic acid: absence from mitochondrial DNA of frogs and HeLa cells. Science 184, 80-81. doi: ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01422/full
CIPSM - 2007
Fernando RODRIGUEZ | Research Scientist | PhD | Marine Biological Laboratory, MA | MBL | Josephine Bay Paul Center for...Fernando RODRIGUEZ | Research Scientist | PhD | Marine Biological Laboratory, MA | MBL | Josephine Bay Paul Center for...
However, N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is confined to bacteria. Here we report that 4mC can serve as an epigenetic mark in eukaryotes ... In eukaryotes, modifications predominantly involve C5-methylcytosine (5mC) and occasionally N6-methyladenine (6mA), while ... bacteria frequently use N4-methylcytosine (4mC) in addition to 5mC and 6mA. Here we report that 4mC can serve as an epigenetic ... In eukaryotes, 5-methylcytosine is the predominant DNA base modification, followed by N6-methyladenine. ...
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando-Rodriguez-37
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Volume 33 Issue 3Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Volume 33 Issue 3
Mn(CO) 5 Br and (Me 3 Si) 3 P react to give Mn 2 (CO) 8 (μBr) (μP(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) 3. Using methanol, both Si-P bonds of 3 can be ... Two tri- and tetraseleninato complexes of tin, RSn(O 2 SeR) 3 (1) and Sn(O 2 SeR) 4 (2) (R =C 6 H 5 ), are obtained from ... 2-Chloro-5-methoxy-p-benzoquinone [1] reacts with zinc mercaptide [2] to give 2-tri-fluoromethyl-8-methoxy phenothiazin-7-one ( ... The crystal structure of the [C 7 H 7 Fe(CO) 3 ] - anion stabilized with the [(C 6 H 5 ) 4 As] + cation has been determinated ...
https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/znb/33/3/html
Top 7 in genetics and genomics | The Scientist Magazine®Top 7 in genetics and genomics | The Scientist Magazine®
... www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/22/5/525 22:525-7, 2011. Evaluated by Etienne Joly, CNRS, France; Ferdinando Boero, ... linkurl:Free F1000 Evaluation;http://f1000.com/10134960?key=70w5gkxmhhy59y2 5. New role for GLRs. ... "Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain," linkurl:Cell,;http://www.ncbi. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/daily-news/top-7-in-genetics-and-genomics-42466
The regulation of Ten-eleven translocation proteins (methylcytosine modifiers) by methyl-CpG binding domain proteins ...The regulation of Ten-eleven translocation proteins (methylcytosine modifiers) by methyl-CpG binding domain proteins ...
The regulation of Ten-eleven translocation proteins (methylcytosine modifiers) by methyl-CpG binding domain proteins ( ... The regulation of Ten-eleven translocation proteins (methylcytosine modifiers) by methyl-CpG binding domain proteins ( ... The regulation of Ten-eleven translocation proteins (methylcytosine modifiers) by methyl-CpG binding domain proteins ( ... These results indicate that the fine balance between methylcytosine readers" and "erasers/writers" regulates transcriptional ...
https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/5696/
Last Weeks Sequencing-Related Papers of Note: Mar 11, 2014 | GenomewebLast Week's Sequencing-Related Papers of Note: Mar 11, 2014 | Genomeweb
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] seqCNA: an R package for DNA copy number analysis in cancer using high- ... Hum Mutat. 2014 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] MOSAIK: a hash-based algorithm for accurate next-generation sequencing short-read ... PLOS One. 2014 Mar 5;9(3):e90581. Comparative analysis of methods for identifying somatic copy number alterations from deep ... Brief Bioinform. 2014 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] Next generation sequencing based development of intron-targeting markers in ...
https://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/last-weeks-sequencing-related-papers-note-16
ALKBH3 alkB homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBIALKBH3 alkB homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
ALKBH2 (MIM 610602) and ALKBH3 are E. coli AlkB homologs that catalyze the removal of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine ( ... ALKBH3 partner ASCC3 mediates P-body formation and selective clearance of MMS-induced 1-methyladenosine and 3-methylcytosine ... ALKBH3 partner ASCC3 mediates P-body formation and selective clearance of MMS-induced 1-methyladenosine and 3-methylcytosine ... BMC Cancer, 2017 Jul 5. PMID 28679371, Free PMC Article * AlkB homolog 3-mediated tRNA demethylation promotes protein synthesis ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/221120
Itaconate Inhibits TET DNA Dioxygenases to Dampen Inflammatory Responses | Research SquareItaconate Inhibits TET DNA Dioxygenases to Dampen Inflammatory Responses | Research Square
Ichiyama, K. et al. The methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet2 promotes DNA demethylation and activation of cytokine gene expression ... Here, we show that ITA is a potent inhibitor of the TET family DNA dioxygenases, which catalyze the conversion of 5- ... methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during the process of active DNA demethylation. ITA binds to the same ... Several molecular processes are affected by ITA, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition5, resulting in succinate ...
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-900207/v1
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Results: The Spearmans correlation coefficient for 5-mC and 5-hmC levels was 0.32 (p - value = 0.03) at visit 1 and 0.54 (p - ... Methods: % 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and % 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC) levels were measured by capture and detection ... The positive correlation of 5-mC and 5-hmC levels was confirmed in an independent study population. Conclusions: Our findings ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=DNA+or+Deoxyribonucleic+acid&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=16&RecNo=152&View=f&
カスタムRNA合成カスタムRNA合成
5-フルオレセインで精製された99-mer：. DharmaconのRNA合成に関する能力は、化学的に修飾された長いRNAオリゴヌクレオチドの日常的な合成をサポートします。UPLCおよびLC-MS分析は、得られた純度の標準レベルを示しています。 ... 5-LC-N-U. $100.00. $130.00. $145.00. $180.00. $320.00. Thiol Modifiers. Short Code. 0.05 µmol. 0.2 µmol. 0.4 µmol. 1.0 µmol. ... 5-P. $45.00. $52.00. $63.00. $78.00. $135.00. 2-Modifications. Short Code. 0.05 µmol. 0.2 µmol. 0.4 µmol. 1.0 µmol. 2.0 µmol ... 5-Cy3. Modification Code: Cy3 Description: Cy3 and Cy5 are the most popular cyanine dyes
https://horizondiscovery.com/ja/custom-synthesis/custom-rna-synthesis
Watowich SJ[AU]) OR (Navarro J[AU] AND Galveston[AD]) OR (Choi KH AND Galveston[AD]) OR (Morais MC AND Galveston[AD]) OR (White...Watowich SJ[AU]) OR (Navarro J[AU] AND Galveston[AD]) OR (Choi KH AND Galveston[AD]) OR (Morais MC AND Galveston[AD]) OR (White...
Comparison of the structural and dynamic effects of 5-methylcytosine and 5-chlorocytosine in a CpG dinucleotide sequence. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=+
Frontiers | Caenorhabditis elegans as a Useful Model for Studying Aging MutationsFrontiers | Caenorhabditis elegans as a Useful Model for Studying Aging Mutations
5. Golden TR, Melov S. Gene expression changes associated with aging in C. elegans. WormBook. (2007) 12:1-12. doi: 10.1895/ ... demonstrated that deletion of the spr-5 in C. elegans causes a trans-generational increase in lifespan through mis-regulation ... Greer EL, Becker B, Latza C, Antebi A, Shi Y. Mutation of C. elegans demethylase spr-5 extends transgenerational longevity. ... Riera CE, Dillin A. Can aging be drugged? Nat Med. (2015) 21:1400-5. doi: 10.1038/nm.4005 ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.554994/full
February 2018 | What is Epigenetics?February 2018 | What is Epigenetics?
Maybe Shes Born With it, Maybe its Epigenetics: 5 Tips for Beauty and Anti-Aging February 20, 2018 Bailey Kirkpatrick ... The erasure of Tet-oxidized 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) is not only important during the reprogramming steps but as well as the ... 2017) have shown that the SOS response-associated peptidase domain protein, SRAP1, binds to Tet-oxidized forms of 5-mC in DNA ... Erasure of Tet-Oxidized 5-Methylcytosine by SRAP1 February 9, 2018 Estephany Ferrufino ...
https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/2018/02/
Human trophoblasts are primarily distinguished from somatic cells by differences in the pattern rather than the degree of...Human trophoblasts are primarily distinguished from somatic cells by differences in the pattern rather than the degree of...
DNA methylation and methylcytosine oxidation in cell fate decisions. . Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. ... Age related changes in 5-methylcytosine content in human peripheral leukocytes and placentas: an HPLC-based study ... Amount and distribution of 5-methylcytosine in human DNA from different types of tissues or cells ... and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), would aid in allowing a more complete understanding of human trophoblast methylation (Urich ...
https://journals.biologists.com/bio/article/7/8/bio034884/2135/Human-trophoblasts-are-primarily-distinguished
Medical Isotopes, Inc.Medical Isotopes, Inc.
25-Hydroxyergocalciferol; 25-Hydroxycalciferol; 3-(2-[1-(5-Hydroxy-1,4,5-trimethyl-hex-2-enyl)-7a-methyl-octahydro-inden-4- ... 4-Amino-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxybenzamide; Aminosultopride; DAN-2163; Socian; Solian; ... 10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,25-diol-d6; Calcidiol-d6; Didrogyl-d6; Hidroferol-d6; Ro 8-8892-d6; ...
https://www.medicalisotopes.com/display_reducedprices.php
JCI - Epigenetics, DNA damage, and agingJCI - Epigenetics, DNA damage, and aging
Methylcytosine can be spontaneously oxidized or enzymatically modified by the TET enzymes to form 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5 ... 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine appears to be localized at sites of DNA damage (41), which may help identify sites requiring repair (41 ... TET enzymes and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in neural progenitor cell biology and neurodevelopment. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9: ... 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine marks sites of DNA damage and promotes genome stability. Cell Rep. 2016;14(6):1283-1292.. View this ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/158446
5hmCModificationDioxygenaseOxidationDemethylationEnzymesTET2Conversion of 5-methylcytosineANTI-5-METHYLCYTOSINEHydroxylationMethyl groupMethyltransferasesTranslocationGenomicProteinsCalled 5-hydroxymethylcytosineEpigeneticsDeaminationGenesAntibodyHistone2017DetectionNSUN2MethyltransferaseMutationMethylation-sensitiveModificationsMRNAEukaryoticProteinEnzymeNucleosideThymine DNA GlycosyBlot analysisBasesResiduesImplicationsBisulfiteEncodesMoleculePredominantly5hmUQuantificationInvolvesPhosphatePatternsSignificantlyMammalianStructuralOccursMutationsEnzymaticallyPolymeraseCleavageErasers
5hmC19
  • Energetic DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC). (flora2world.com)
  • Although, 5mC can be modified by Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) protein to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which affects the binding ability of MBD proteins to DNA, the interplay of MBD proteins, Tet1 proteins and their substrate is still unknown. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Here, we show that ITA is a potent inhibitor of the TET family DNA dioxygenases, which catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during the process of active DNA demethylation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Recently, researchers have rediscovered a mostly ignored epigenetic variant that results when a methyl group on a cytosine takes on a hydroxyl group to form 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). (the-scientist.com)
  • The DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is now referred to as the sixth base of DNA with evidence of tissue-specific patterns and correlation with gene regulation and expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a modified form of the DNA base cytosine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We attempted to develop effective and noninvasive methods using 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) markers from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bisulfite sequencing has been the gold standard for mapping DNA modifications including 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) for decades. (pku.edu.cn)
  • TAPS combines ten-eleven translocation (TET) oxidation of 5mC and 5hmC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) with pyridine borane reduction of 5caC to dihydrouracil (DHU). (pku.edu.cn)
  • Changes in DNA methylation were determined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). (elsevier.com)
  • 5mC might be sequentially oxidized to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). (chipgrade.com)
  • Quantitative immunofluorescence analysis and ultrasensitive LC-MS-based measurements revealed that oxidative DNA lesions in sperm impair active DNA demethylation at paternal pronuclei, without affecting 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a 5-methylcytosine modification that has been implicated in paternal active DNA demethylation in mouse zygotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bisulfite sequencing detects 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at single-base resolution. (france-genomique.org)
  • In the first reaction, TET2 (Ten-eleven-translocation 2 = methylcytosine dioxygenase) and T4-BGT (T4 Phage β-glucosyltransferase) convert 5mC and 5hmC into products that cannot be deaminated by APOBEC3A (Apolipoprotéins B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like). (france-genomique.org)
  • The Tet family of enzymes (Tet1/2/3) modify the DNA base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and promote DNA demethylation and gene expression. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • The three family members, TET1, TET2 and TET3, exhibit oxidizing activity and can catalyse the conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) [42,43]. (nanoscience-europe.org)
  • High-2HG tumors demonstrate reduced DNA levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), consistent with 2HG-mediated inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC. (omicsdi.org)
  • TET3 and TET1, changes the methylation position of the genome, controlling the transcription of particular genetics by changing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and after that to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and finally to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). (globaltechbiz.com)
  • The TET methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes (TET1/2/3) catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and can further oxidize 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). (ox.ac.uk)
Modification15
  • It remains largely unclear about the function of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). (imrpress.com)
  • The major 5-methylcytosine modulators, including NSUN2, NSUN5 , and Aly/REF , which represented the major parameters related to the abnormal m5C modification level, were observed up-regulating in AAA tissues at both protein and mRNA levels. (imrpress.com)
  • In eukaryotes, 5-methylcytosine is the predominant DNA base modification, followed by N6-methyladenine. (researchgate.net)
  • The epigenetic information of 5-methylcytosine can be translated by cytosine modification readers, such as the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) proteins. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Figure 1 shows that the Diagenode rabbit polyclonal antibody against 5-hmC is highly specific for the 5-hmC base modification (no IP with non-methylated or methylated C control fragments). (diagenode.com)
  • RNA modification의 종류는 많습니다만, 주로 5가지 종류의 modification에 대하여 genome-wide한 RNA modification 을 찾는 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있습니다. (github.io)
  • In eukaryotes, the primary modification of DNA is found in cytosines (C), where DNA Methyltransferases mediate the transfer of a methyl group to cytosines, converting them to 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), minor modifications with broad implications for the activity of the DNA. (epigenie.com)
  • 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic modification to DNA which modulates transcription. (chipgrade.com)
  • In SMUG1 knock-down cells, immature and mature rRNAs accumulated 5-hydroxylmethyluridine (hm5U), a base modification recognized by SMUG1, pointing to SMUG1 as a possible new enzyme involved in the regulation of rRNA. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • However, the picture was far from complete, focusing only on the most common and well-studied DNA modification, known as 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). (nih.gov)
  • Ni Z, Nie X, Zhang H, Wang L, Geng Z, Du X, Qian H, Liu W, Liu T. Atranorin driven by nano materials SPION lead to ferroptosis of gastric cancer stem cells by weakening the mRNA 5-hydroxymethylcytidine modification of the Xc-/GPX4 axis and its expression. (medsci.org)
  • The results of high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Dot blotting showed that [email protected] significantly inhibited the mRNA 5‑hydroxymethylcytidine modification of GCSCs. (medsci.org)
  • Meanwhile, the results of RNA immunoprecipitation-PCR also indicated that [email protected] significantly reduced the 5-hydroxymethylcytidine modification level of GPX4 and SLC7A11 mRNA 3' untranslated region in GCSCs, resulting in a decrease in their stability, shortening their half-lives and reducing translation activity. (medsci.org)
  • Therefore, this study revealed that [email protected] induced ferroptosis of GCSCs by weakening the expression of the Xc-/GPX4 axis and the 5-hydroxymethylcytidine modification of mRNAs in the pathway, thereby achieving their therapeutic effect on gastric cancer. (medsci.org)
  • One such DNA modification is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) that covalently add a methyl group to the 5th carbon of a cytosine residue (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dioxygenase3
  • Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blotting results showed that [email protected] not only reduced the expression levels of GCSC stem cell markers and cell proliferation and division markers, but also significantly inhibited the expression levels of key molecules in the cystine/glutamate transporter (Xc-)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) family proteins. (medsci.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Rare cases involve mutations in the thrombopoietin gene (THPO), which are associated with autosomal dominant hereditary thrombocytosis, and somatic mutations in tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2). (medscape.com)
Oxidation1
  • Removal of DNA methylation involves oxidation of 5-methyl-cytosine. (nature.com)
Demethylation6
  • The robust analytical method built a solid foundation for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of active cytosine demethylation, for measuring these 5-mdC derivatives and assessing their involvement in epigenetic regulation in other organisms and for examining whether these 5-mdC derivatives can be used as biomarkers for human diseases. (umn.edu)
  • Epigenetic modifications include DNA cytosine methylation to form 5-methylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine demethylation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Methylcytosine demethylation is catalyzed in several stages by TET enzymes that carry out oxidative reactions (e.g. 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine ) and enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • DME encodes 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase, enzyme responsible for transcriptional activation of gliadins and low molecular weight glutenins (via demethylation of their promoter site). (biotechnologyforums.com)
  • Active demethylation involves the removal of the methyl group from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and is carried out by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of proteins. (nanoscience-europe.org)
  • Co-staining for 5- hydroxymethylC did not show a dynamic pattern of staining and does not provide support for a role for this metabolite in global demethylation. (ktu.edu.tr)
Enzymes3
  • The function of this chemical varies significantly among species: In bacteria, 5-methylcytosine can be found at a variety of sites, and is often used as a marker to protect DNA from being cut by native methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • While spontaneous deamination of cytosine forms uracil, which is recognized and removed by DNA repair enzymes, deamination of 5-methylcytosine forms thymine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In another type of repair mechanism, nucleotide excision repair, enzymes replace incorrect bases by making a cut on both the 3′ and 5′ ends of the incorrect base. (dualjuridik.org)
TET25
  • Like α-KG, which is a crucial co-substrate for the activity of TET2, ITA is also a dicarboxylic acid containing a 4- or 5-carboxylate that, in the case of α-KG, forms hydrogen and ionic bonds with H1416, R1896, and S1898 in TET2 11 . (researchsquare.com)
  • The researchers concluded that their results suggest that TET2 is involved in conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • This suggests that Tet2 is normally needed for methylcytosine dioxygenation in hematopoietic cells but that this function can end up being supplanted by Tet1 or Tet3 in various other. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Furthermore, the number of 5-hmC peaks were significantly decreased in Tet2-/-MSCs compared to WT MSCs based on whole genomic 5-hmC profiling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We then examined TET2 gene expression in MSCs derived from human myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) patients and healthy individuals and found that TET2 and 5-hmC was moderately down-regulated in MPN MSCs as compared to healthy controls. (ox.ac.uk)
Conversion of 5-methylcytosine1
  • This results from the enzymatic conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET family of oxygenases. (diagenode.com)
ANTI-5-METHYLCYTOSINE1
  • Genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from the mammary tissue and immuno-precipitated using anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies. (desdaughter.com)
Hydroxylation1
  • Methylation out of cytosine returns 5-methylcytosine, while the hydroxylation production 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. (bestbargainfurniture.com)
Methyl group8
  • In 5-methylcytosine, a methyl group is attached to the 5th atom in the 6-atom ring, counting counterclockwise from the NH-bonded nitrogen at the six o'clock position. (wikipedia.org)
  • This methyl group distinguishes 5-methylcytosine from cytosine. (wikipedia.org)
  • S-Adenosylmethionine then donates a methyl group to carbon 5. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytosine, one of the four DNA bases, can be chemically modified by the addition of a molecule known as a methyl group to form 5-methylcytosine. (ludwigcancerresearch.org)
  • 5mC (5-Methylcytosine) is a region of DNA that has been epigenetically modified through the addition of a methyl group at the 5th carbon position of cytosine. (chromatrap.com)
  • Methyl group is added at 5' end of gene sequence in its cytosine ring, creating 5-methylcytosine. (scienceofhealthy.com)
  • DNA methylation occurs by the covalent addition of a methyl group (CH3) on the 5-carbon of the cytosine ring by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), resulting in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). (genzymediagnostics.com)
  • 500579-04-4 manufacture Each of the last 3 items is normally regarded and excised by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), completing the removal of the 5-methyl group and regenerating unmodified cytosine (1). (globaltechbiz.com)
Methyltransferases2
  • A universal mechanism-based probe for DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases was used to screen tissues and cell types known to be active in de novo methylation for new species of DNA methyltransferase. (researchgate.net)
  • DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) belongs to a family of highly conserved DNA methyltransferases that catalyse 5-methylcytosine methylation. (medicineinnovates.com)
Translocation2
  • Recent studies showed that Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family dioxygenases can oxidize 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) in DNA to yield the 5-hydroxymethyl, 5-formyl and 5-carboxyl derivatives of 2'-deoxycytidine (5-HmdC, 5-FodC and 5-CadC). (umn.edu)
  • Since L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is sufficiently similar in structure to 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), it is able to inhibit a range of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and members of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. (hmdb.ca)
Genomic4
  • Here we used a reversed-phase HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS/MS) method, along with the use of stable isotope-labeled standards, for accurate measurements of 5-HmdC, 5-FodC, 5-CadC and 5-HmdU in genomic DNA of cultured human cells and multiple mammalian tissues. (umn.edu)
  • We found that overexpression of the catalytic domain of human Tet1 led to marked increases in the levels of 5-HmdC, 5-FodC and 5-CadC, but only a modest increase in 5-HmdU, in genomic DNA of HEK293T cells. (umn.edu)
  • A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. (intbioinformaticsjr.com)
  • Dim2 operates in a complex with Heterochromatin Protein-1 (Hp1) that recognizes and directs DNA methylation to genomic regions marked by tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) that is deposited by the histone methyltransferase Deficient In Methylation-5 (Dim5) [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins5
  • The aberrant interactions of MBD proteins with 5-methylcytosine cause diseases like Rett syndrome and also decrease genome stability, thus, the levels of both MBD protein and its substrate 5mC must be precisely regulated. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • MeCP2 and MBD2 are members of a family of proteins that possess a domain that selectively binds 5-methylcytosine in a CpG context. (nanosensors.com)
  • In the article " DNA looping by two 5-methylcytosine-binding proteins quantified using nanofluidic devices " Ming Liu, Saeid Movahed, Saroj Dangi, Hai Pan, Parminder Kaur, Stephanie M. Bilinovich, Edgar M. Faison, Gage O. Leighton, Hong Wang, David C. Williams Jr. and Robert Riehn demonstrate DNA compaction by MeCP2 while MBD2 does not affect DNA configuration. (nanosensors.com)
  • Despite sharing a similar specific DNA-binding domain, the impact of full-length 5-methylcytosine-binding proteins can vary drastically between strong compaction of DNA and no discernible large-scale impact of protein binding. (nanosensors.com)
  • Figure 6 from " DNA looping by two 5-methylcytosine-binding proteins quantified using nanofluidic devices " by Ming Liu et al. (nanosensors.com)
Called 5-hydroxymethylcytosine1
  • The new study, led by Kevin Johnson and Brock Christensen at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, broke new ground by applying laboratory [2] and statistical approaches [3] that now make it possible to distinguish between 5-mC and another chemical mark called 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) to tumor samples. (nih.gov)
Epigenetics1
  • Although its precise role has still to be shown, early evidence suggests a few putative mechanisms that could have big implications in epigenetics : 5-hydroxymethylcytosine may well represent a new pathway to demethylate DNA involving a repair mechanism converting 5-hmC to cytosine and, as such open up entirely new perspectives in epigenetic studies. (diagenode.com)
Deamination4
  • In addition, active enzymatic deamination of cytosine or 5-methylcytosine by the APOBEC family of cytosine deaminases could have beneficial implications on various cellular processes as well as on organismal evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The implications of deamination on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, on the other hand, remains less understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5-methylcytosine is resistant to deamination by bisulfite treatment, which deaminates cytosine residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • MBD4 is bifunctional, one domain acting as a DNA repair enzyme to minimize mutations caused by deamination of 5-methylcytosine, and a second domain acting to repress transcription in promotors containing 5-methylcytosine. (sfu.ca)
Genes7
  • In mammalian cells, clusters of CpG at the 5' ends of genes are termed CpG islands. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTMs include phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation, which can lead to either silencing or activation of associated genes [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It seems more associated with activation of nearby genes, while 5-mC is more commonly involved with repression. (nih.gov)
  • Indeed, 5-hmC popped up more frequently on genes with important roles in immunity and in stem cell biology. (nih.gov)
  • The comparison revealed a significant enrichment of 5-hmC marks on genes that show increased activity in glioblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the expression of p16, a well-known TSG, is downregulated due to its promoter hypermethylation [ 5 ], and DNA repair genes, such as BRCA1 and hMLH1 , are also hypermethylated, repressing their gene expression [ 6 ]. (genominfo.org)
  • Within the last 5 years, advancements in B-cell lifestyle (21,C25) and sorting technology (26,C29) and the capability to recover antibody genes from one B cells (30,C32) possess resulted in the isolation of several potent and broadly reactive HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). (schwitzbiotech.com)
Antibody9
  • Active Motif's 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) antibody (mAb) (Clone 33D3) was raised in a Mouse host. (mybio.ie)
  • Request a quote for a bulk order for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) polyclonal antibody (rabbit) . (diagenode.com)
  • Polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conjugated to KLH. (diagenode.com)
  • Figure 1 hMeDIP results obtained with the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC hMeDIP (hydroxymethylated DNA IP) was performed using the Diagenode antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (Cat. (diagenode.com)
  • hMeDIP was performed with 3.5 μg of the rabbit 5-hmC antibody and the IP'd DNA was analysed by qPCR using primers specific for the 3 different control sequences. (diagenode.com)
  • To determine the titer, an ELISA was performed using a serial dilution of the Diagenode antibody directed against 5-hmC (cat. (diagenode.com)
  • To demonstrate the specificity of the Diagenode antibody against 5-hmC (cat. (diagenode.com)
  • The results shown here illustrate the use of this unique monoclonal antibody against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine that has been fully validated in various technologies. (diagenode.com)
  • Mouse anti 5-Methylcytidine antibody, clone 33D3 ( MCA2201 ) used for the detection of 5-meC in Zea mays root tip cells by immunofluorescence. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Histone2
  • Briefly, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone tails can alter chromatin structure and DNA accessibility, thereby impacting on gene transcription and ultimately cellular function [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Trichostatin A and 5-azacytidine both cause an increase in global histone H4 acetylation and a decrease in global DNA and H3K9 methylation during mitosis in maize. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
20173
  • BMC Cancer, 2017 Jul 5. (nih.gov)
  • 2017) have shown that the SOS response-associated peptidase domain protein, SRAP1, binds to Tet-oxidized forms of 5-mC in DNA and selectively cleave DNA containing Tet-oxidized 5-methylcytosine. (whatisepigenetics.com)
  • 2017. Medium throughput bisulfite sequencing for accurate detection of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. . (mcgill.ca)
Detection1
  • Methods: % 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and % 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine (5-hmC) levels were measured by capture and detection antibodies followed by colorimetric quantification. (cdc.gov)
NSUN21
  • NSun2 is an RNA methyltransferase introducing 5-methylcytosine into tRNAs, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, thereby influencing the levels or function of these RNAs. (jbc.org)
Methyltransferase2
  • DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase in mouse cells and tissue. (researchgate.net)
  • DNA methylation refers to the chemical conversion of a cytosine nucleotide in DNA to 5-methylcytosine by DNA methyltransferase. (genominfo.org)
Mutation3
  • The structure of MeCP2 in complex with a hydroxymethylated CA repeat reveals a characteristic DNA shape, with considerably modified geometry at the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is recognized specifically by Arg 133 , a key residue whose mutation causes Rett syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • The disorder-causing mutation is the amplification of a cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeat in the 5' untranslated region of FMR1 located at Xq27.3 1 . (cdc.gov)
  • I have looked through the topic of 'How can I mutate cytosine to 5-methylcytosine' and processed the adenine to 3-methyladenine according the protocol for mutation the cytosine. (x3dna.org)
Methylation-sensitive1
  • Global DNA methylation levels were examined using 5-methylcytosine dot blot and methylation-sensitive Southern blot analysis. (kribb.re.kr)
Modifications3
  • In eukaryotes, modifications predominantly involve C5-methylcytosine (5mC) and occasionally N6-methyladenine (6mA), while bacteria frequently use N4-methylcytosine (4mC) in addition to 5mC and 6mA. (researchgate.net)
  • DNA methylation is an important type of epigenetic modifications, where 5- methylcytosine (5mC), 6-methyadenine (6mA) and 4-methylcytosine (4mC) are the most common types. (pacb.com)
  • DNA accessibility for the transcriptional machinery is regulated in part by chemical modifications to histones that can alter chromatin structure or nucleosome positioning, and by direct DNA modifications that can alter transcription factor-binding sites [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNA1
  • Transfected mRNA was modified with pseudouridine and 5-methylcytosine and encoded 2x NLS (Nand C-terminal) Cas9. (neb-online.de)
Eukaryotic1
Protein1
  • Several molecular processes are affected by ITA, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition 5 , resulting in succinate accumulation and metabolic reprogramming 6 , 7 , and alkylation of protein cysteine residues, inducing the electrophilic stress response mediated by NRF2 and IκBζ 8 , 9 and impairing aerobic glycolysis 10 . (researchsquare.com)
Enzyme1
  • A base in the DNMT enzyme deprotonates the residual hydrogen on carbon 5 restoring the double bond between carbon 5 and 6 in the ring, producing the 5-methylcytosine base pair. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleoside2
  • 5-Methylcytosine is incorporated in the nucleoside 5-methylcytidine. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5-Methylcytidine is a modified nucleoside derived from 5-methylcytosine. (alchetron.com)
Thymine DNA Glycosy1
  • After their formation at CpG dinucleotide sites, these oxidized pyrimidine nucleosides, particularly 5-FodC, 5-CadC, and 5-HmdU, may be cleaved from DNA by thymine DNA glycosylase, and subsequent action of base-excision repair machinery restores unmethylated cytosine. (umn.edu)
Blot analysis3
  • No. pAb-HMC-050), a Dot blot analysis was performed using the hmC, mC and C controls from the Diagenode "5-hmC, 5-mC & cytosine DNA Standard Pack" (Cat No. AF-101-0002). (diagenode.com)
  • HBx-mediated DNA methylation abnormalities were confirmed in patient HCC samples using methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction and 5-methylcytosine dot blot analysis. (kribb.re.kr)
  • The accumulation of DAC and 5-mC were detected using LC-MS, and the amount of 5-hmC was determined by dot blot analysis. (thno.org)
Bases7
  • One hundred to 4 ng (equivalent of 5 to 0.2 pmol of C-bases) of the controls were spotted on a membrane (Amersham Hybond-N+). (diagenode.com)
  • So far, the 5-hmC bases have been identified in Purkinje neurons, in granule cells and embryonic stem cells where they are present at high levels (up to 0,6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells). (diagenode.com)
  • Due to the structural similarity between 5-mC and 5-hmC, these bases are experimentally almost indistinguishable. (diagenode.com)
  • Furthermore, the electrical resistance of a pore is determined by the bases present within multiple nucleotides that reside in the pore's narrowest point (approximately five nucleotides for the R9.4 pore), yielding a large number of possible states: 4 5 = 1024 for a standard four-base model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When modified bases are present, e.g. 5-methylcytosine, the number of possible states can grow even higher: 5 5 = 3125. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These epigenetically marked bases, called 5-methylcytosines (5mCs), help to determine how hundreds of cell types in the human body differentiate and maintain their identities, despite having the same genetic backgrounds. (the-scientist.com)
  • Cleavage by EnGen Lba Cas12a (Cpf1) occurs ~18 bases 3′ of the PAM and leaves 5′ overhanging ends. (neb-online.de)
Residues1
  • The phosphate group connects successive sugar residues by bridging the 5′-hydroxyl group on one sugar to the 3′-hydroxyl group of the next sugar in the chain. (en-academic.com)
Implications1
  • Finally, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of FOXN1 is required for high-affinity DNA binding and that FOXN1 has a significantly reduced affinity for DNA that contains 5'-methylcytosine, which may have implications for the role of FOXN1 in thymic involution. (ox.ac.uk)
Bisulfite2
  • Recent articles demonstrated that the most common approaches (e.g. enzymatic approaches, bisulfite sequencing) do not account for 5-hmC. (diagenode.com)
  • 2] Accurate measurement of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cerebellum DNA by oxidative bisulfite on an array (OxBS-array) . (nih.gov)
Encodes1
  • The single ORF of canonical EN+ PLEs encodes RT and a C-terminal GIY-YIG endonuclease (EN) that enables intrachromosomal integration, while EN-PLEs lack endonuclease and are generally r. (researchgate.net)
Molecule1
  • In certain embodiments, the molecule comprises a 5′-triphosphate or a 5′-diphosphate. (justia.com)
Predominantly1
  • In plants, 5-methylcytosine occurs at CpG, CpHpG and CpHpH sequences (where H = A, C or T). In fungi and animals, 5-methylcytosine predominantly occurs at CpG dinucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
5hmU1
  • Cells lacking SMUG1 have elevated levels of immature rRNA molecules and accumulation of 5-hydroxymethyluridine (5hmU) in mature rRNA. (encyclopedia.pub)
Quantification2
  • Product Overview The MethylFlash Methylated DNA Quantification Package (Fluorometric) is a whole set of optimized buffers and reagents to fluorometrically quantify international DNA methylation by particularly measuring ranges of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in a microplate-based format. (computablegenomix.com)
  • Product Overview The MethylFlash Methylated DNA Quantification Bundle (Fluorometric) is an entire set of optimized buffers and reagents to fluorometrically quantify worldwide DNA methylation by significantly measuring ranges of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in a microplate-based format. (cellexusinc.com)
Involves1
  • [4] [5] Following RGC proliferation, neurogenesis involves a final cell division of the parent RGC, which produces one of two possible outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphate3
  • Yeast RNA polymerase I (Pol I) contains approximately 15 phosphate groups, distributed to 5 of the 14 subunits. (cipsm.de)
  • This cleavage reduces an other apoptosis in resulting available 5'-phosphate of at least a axis of key NOS under high-level syndromes( Wang X et al. (evakoch.com)
  • In both cases the end product is a nucleotide carrying a phosphate attached to the 5′ carbon on the sugar. (en-academic.com)
Patterns4
  • In addition, several studies evaluated the 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) distribution patterns, which distinguish cancer cells from normal cells, and how CpG methylation contributes to the oncogenic phenotype. (intechopen.com)
  • The presence of 5-methylcytosine in I8 DNA was indicated from the restriction patterns of MspI and HpaII. (ias.ac.in)
  • Global DNA methylation and cellular 5-methylcytosine and H4 acetylated patterns in primary and secondary dormant seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (bl.uk)
  • Those analyses showed that the tumor DNA had widespread losses of 5-hmC compared to healthy brain cells, suggesting a link between changes in the epigenetic patterns and glioblastoma. (nih.gov)
Significantly1
  • With the increasing of severity of carotid plaque, a stepwise upward trend was observed in 5-mC and 5-hmC levels from PBMCs, which were significantly correlated with the risk factors, Crouse score and Gensini score. (aging-us.com)
Mammalian1
  • 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been recently discovered in mammalian DNA. (diagenode.com)
Structural3
  • Comparison of the structural and dynamic effects of 5-methylcytosine and 5-chlorocytosine in a CpG dinucleotide sequence. (nih.gov)
  • Structural insights into the specific recognition of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by TAL effectors. (taleffectors.com)
  • 5 Most structural birth defects develop early in embryogenesis, during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, and the majority of these defects occur in isolation affecting only one organ system. (cdc.gov)
Occurs2
  • Furthermore, the formation of longer than full-length nucleic acid sequences occurs when the activation of phosphoramidite monomers by a weak acid prompts the premature cleavage of the acid-labile 5′-hydroxyl protecting group of the newly extended nucleic acid sequence. (justia.com)
  • [4] [5] Thus, the generation of neurons occurs in a specific tissue compartment or 'neurogenic niche' occupied by their parent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations2
  • 2009) Interaction between the mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair pathways in the prevention of 5-azacytidine-induced CG-to-GC mutations in Escherichia coli. (sfu.ca)
  • MPL mutations have been associated with only about 3-5% of essential thrombocytosis cases. (medscape.com)
Enzymatically2
  • 5-HmdC in DNA may be enzymatically deaminated to yield 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-HmdU). (umn.edu)
  • Whether 5-methylcytosine (meC) can be enzymatically removed from vertebrate DNA has been the subject of extensive study and also some controversy. (ethz.ch)
Polymerase1
  • Molecular basis for the faithful replication of 5-methylcytosine and its oxidized forms by DNA polymerase beta. (expasy.org)
Cleavage1
  • Double-stranded DNA breaks can be generated with reduced off-target cleavage by targeting two sites in close proximity (generally 0-20 bp apart) and with PAMs facing outward to leave 5' overhangs. (neb-online.de)
Erasers1
  • These results indicate that the fine balance between methylcytosine readers" and "erasers/writers" regulates transcriptional noise and genome stability. (tu-darmstadt.de)
Dynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease | Nature Communications
Dynamic DNA methylation orchestrates cardiomyocyte development, maturation and disease | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Tet3 ablation in adult brain neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and regulates cognitive function in mice | Molecular...
Tet3 ablation in adult brain neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and regulates cognitive function in mice | Molecular... (nature.com)
Research - Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis | MD Anderson Cancer Center
Research - Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis | MD Anderson Cancer Center (mdanderson.org)
Hydralazine hydrochloride, DNA methylation inhibitor. (CAS 304-20-1) (ab120863)
Hydralazine hydrochloride, DNA methylation inhibitor. (CAS 304-20-1) (ab120863) (abcam.com)
Frontiers | SMRT Sequencing Revealed Mitogenome Characteristics and Mitogenome-Wide DNA Modification Pattern in Ophiocordyceps...
Frontiers | SMRT Sequencing Revealed Mitogenome Characteristics and Mitogenome-Wide DNA Modification Pattern in Ophiocordyceps... (frontiersin.org)
A Novel Correlation between LINE-1 Hypomethylation and the Malignancy of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Clinical Cancer...
A Novel Correlation between LINE-1 Hypomethylation and the Malignancy of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Clinical Cancer... (aacrjournals.org)
カスタムRNA合成
カスタムRNA合成 (horizondiscovery.com)
Age-dependent increase of oxidative stress regulates microRNA-29 family preserving cardiac health | Scientific Reports
Age-dependent increase of oxidative stress regulates microRNA-29 family preserving cardiac health | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
6n2r.1 | SWISS-MODEL Template Library
6n2r.1 | SWISS-MODEL Template Library (swissmodel.expasy.org)
Katherine Warren | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Katherine Warren | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst (connects.catalyst.harvard.edu)
Culturing Changes Cells | The Scientist Magazine®
Culturing Changes Cells | The Scientist Magazine® (the-scientist.com)
TET2 Mutations in Ph-Negative-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Identification of Three Novel Mutations and Relationship with...
TET2 Mutations in Ph-Negative-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Identification of Three Novel Mutations and Relationship with... (file.scirp.org)
MBB Faculty - Claire Cupples
MBB Faculty - Claire Cupples (sfu.ca)
New Epigenetic Mark Confirmed in Mammals | The Scientist Magazine®
New Epigenetic Mark Confirmed in Mammals | The Scientist Magazine® (the-scientist.com)
Molecular targeting in acute myeloid leukemia | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text
Molecular targeting in acute myeloid leukemia | Journal of Translational Medicine | Full Text (translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com)
Publications | Le Centre de recherche Douglas
Publications | Le Centre de recherche Douglas (douglas.research.mcgill.ca)
Find Research outputs - UTMB Health Research Expert Profiles
Find Research outputs - UTMB Health Research Expert Profiles (researchexperts.utmb.edu)
RNA modification
RNA modification (dandyrilla.github.io)
DNA hydroxymethylation combined with carotid plaques as a novel biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis | Aging
DNA hydroxymethylation combined with carotid plaques as a novel biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis | Aging (aging-us.com)
Listeria - Tal Effectors
Listeria - Tal Effectors (taleffectors.com)
Significance of Selenium Supplementation in Root- Shoot Reactions Under Manganese Stress in Wheat Seedlings - Biochemical and...
Significance of Selenium Supplementation in Root- Shoot Reactions Under Manganese Stress in Wheat Seedlings - Biochemical and... (researchsquare.com)
BJOC - Beyond ribose and phosphate: Selected nucleic acid modifications for structure-function investigations and therapeutic...
BJOC - Beyond ribose and phosphate: Selected nucleic acid modifications for structure-function investigations and therapeutic... (beilstein-journals.org)
AuthentiCT: a model of ancient DNA damage to estimate the proportion of present-day DNA contamination | Genome Biology | Full...
AuthentiCT: a model of ancient DNA damage to estimate the proportion of present-day DNA contamination | Genome Biology | Full... (genomebiology.biomedcentral.com)
Award Information | HHS TAGGS
Award Information | HHS TAGGS (taggs.hhs.gov)
DNA Cytosine Demethylation: Are We Getting Close? - Research Collection
DNA Cytosine Demethylation: Are We Getting Close? - Research Collection (research-collection.ethz.ch)
Publications | The Douglas Research Centre
Publications | The Douglas Research Centre (douglas.research.mcgill.ca)
Mouse IgG
Mouse IgG (diagenode.com)
EBook: Epigenetics & DNA Methylation - EpiGenie | Epigenetics, Stem Cell, and Synthetic Biology News
EBook: Epigenetics & DNA Methylation - EpiGenie | Epigenetics, Stem Cell, and Synthetic Biology News (epigenie.com)