Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2): A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2): An FAD-dependent oxidoreductase found primarily in BACTERIA. It is specific for the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.1.1.68 and 1.1.99.15.Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors: Enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of secondary amines, introducing a C=N double bond as the primary reaction. In some cases this is later hydrolyzed.Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP): An NADP-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyses the conversion of 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate. In higher eukaryotes a trifunctional enzyme exists with additional METHENYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE CYCLOHYDROLASE and FORMATE-TETRAHYDROFOLATE LIGASE activity. The enzyme plays an important role in the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for the VITAMIN B12-dependent remethylation of HOMOCYSTEINE to METHIONINE via METHIONINE SYNTHETASE.Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.Tetrahydrofolates: Compounds based on 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of methionine by transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine. It requires a cobamide coenzyme. The enzyme can act on mono- or triglutamate derivatives. EC 2.1.1.13.Hyperhomocysteinemia: Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 µmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of FERREDOXIN or ADRENODOXIN in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2 was formerly listed as EC 1.6.7.1 and EC 1.6.99.4.Homozygote: An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.Factor V: Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor V accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor Xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor V leads to Owren's disease.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Cystathionine beta-Synthase: A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the second stage of cysteine biosynthesis it catalyzes the reaction of homocysteine with serine to form cystathionine with the elimination of water. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA and HOMOCYSTINURIA. EC 4.2.1.22.Thymidylate Synthase: An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.Thrombophilia: A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Folic Acid Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)Gene Frequency: The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase: A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of glycine and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate to form serine. It also catalyzes the reaction of glycine with acetaldehyde to form L-threonine. EC 2.1.2.1.Riboflavin: Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)Homocystinuria: Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)HomocystineProthrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.AminohydrolasesVitamin B Complex: A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES.Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase: A carbon-nitrogen ligase that catalyzes the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate from formate and tetrahydrofolate in the presence of ATP. In higher eukaryotes the enzyme also contains METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE (NADP+) and METHENYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE CYCLOHYDROLASE activity.Macedonia (Republic): Formerly a constituent republic of Yugoslavia, comprising the Yugoslav section of the region of Macedonia. It was made a constituent republic in the 1946 constitution. It became independent on 8 February 1994 and was recognized as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United States Board on Geographic Names 16 February 1994.Point Mutation: A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.S-Adenosylmethionine: Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.ThymineMethenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase: An aminohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. In most higher eucaryotic organisms this enzyme also includes METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE (NADP) and FORMATE-TETRAHYDROFOLATE LIGASE activities.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Neural Tube Defects: Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)Betaine: A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)Fertility Agents, Male: Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.FMN Reductase: An enzyme that utilizes NADH or NADPH to reduce FLAVINS. It is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.8.1 and EC 1.5.1.29.Reduced Folate Carrier Protein: A ubiquitously expressed folic acid transporter that functions via an antiporter mechanism which is coupled to the transport of organic phosphates.Nitrate Reductases: Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES.Cytosine: A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.NADP: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Asian Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.Spinal Dysraphism: Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.Abortion, Habitual: Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases: Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length: Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors: Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period with metabolic disturbances (e.g., ACIDOSIS) and neurologic manifestations. They are present at birth, although they may not become symptomatic until later in life.Transcobalamins: A group of carrier proteins which bind with VITAMIN B12 in the BLOOD and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.Ribonucleotide ReductasesPyridoxine: The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase: A FLAVOPROTEIN oxidoreductase that occurs both as a soluble enzyme and a membrane-bound enzyme due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of a single mRNA. The soluble form is present mainly in ERYTHROCYTES and is involved in the reduction of METHEMOGLOBIN. The membrane-bound form of the enzyme is found primarily in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and outer mitochondrial membrane, where it participates in the desaturation of FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis and drug metabolism. A deficiency in the enzyme can result in METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.Nitrite Reductases: A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.Heterozygote: An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase: An enzyme that catalyzes the reactivation by light of UV-irradiated DNA. It breaks two carbon-carbon bonds in PYRIMIDINE DIMERS in DNA.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Genetic Association Studies: The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease.Glutathione Reductase: Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase: A FLAVOPROTEIN enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of THIOREDOXINS to thioredoxin disulfide in the presence of NADP+. It was formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.5Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase: A flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of heme-thiolate-dependent monooxygenases and is part of the microsomal hydroxylating system. EC 1.6.2.4.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Pharmacogenetics: A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMATION).Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids: Derivatives of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid). In gamma-glutamyl linkage they are found in many tissues. They are converted to folic acid by the action of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase or synthesized from folic acid by the action of folate polyglutamate synthetase. Synthetic pteroylpolyglutamic acids, which are in alpha-glutamyl linkage, are active in bacterial growth assays.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Cytochrome ReductasesOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.Dihydropteridine Reductase: An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of 6,7-dihydropteridine to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine in the presence of NADP+. Defects in the enzyme are a cause of PHENYLKETONURIA II. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.99.7.Enzyme Stability: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.Haplotypes: The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.JapanFlavins: Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
RiboflavinGlutathione reductase is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and FAD-dependent enzyme, and the major ... The measurement of the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) is the preferred method for assessing ... by Glutathione reductase is FAD dependent For the molecular mechanism of action see main articles Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) ... 58 (10): 3423-3425. PMC 183117 . PMID 16348793. Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition, edited by Victor R. Preedy, Ronald ...
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A>G polymorphisms: association ... FADH2). Flavin mononucleotide binding domain interacts with a coenzyme of flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, FMN. ... It is a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) ... Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase act to further the extent of DNA damage. Hypomethylation due to impaired methylation up ...
FADH2-oxidizing) EC 2.1.1.75: apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase EC 2.1.1.76: quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase EC 2.1.1.77: protein ... NAD+-dinitrogen-reductase ADP-D-ribosyltransferase EC 2.4.2.38: glycoprotein 2-b-D-xylosyltransferase EC 2.4.2.39: xyloglucan 6 ... methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase ( ... reductase kinase) kinase EC 2.7.11.4: (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate ... hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)) kinase EC 2.7.11.32: (pyruvate, phosphate dikinase) kinase EC 2.7.11.33: (pyruvate ...
metF - 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - metF gene & proteinMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase required to generate the methyl groups necessary for methionine synthetase to convert ... TIGR00676. fadh2. 1 hit. ,p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms ... methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity Source: EcoCyc ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a ... Belongs to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase family.Curated. Phylogenomic databases. evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non ...
KEGG ENZYME: 1.7.99.5FADH2). Now included with EC 1.5.1.20, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]. Based on the reference, it had been ...
FADH2)); EC 2.7.1.- (Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)); EC 2.7.1.39 (homoserine kinase); K3Z4F929H6 (Lysine); ... 10, 219-225] and point to a key role for the Tyr-442 (TMADH) and Arg-alpha237 (ETF) residue pair in transiently stabilizing ... A single-base substitution was identified in this auxotroph in codon-329 of the open reading frame of metF, encoding 5,10- ... methylene-tetra-hydrofolate reductase. We constructed a metF disruptant mutant carrying both dapA24 and lysE24, and confirmed ...
Glutathione reductase is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and FAD-dependent enzyme, and the major ... The measurement of the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) is the preferred method for assessing ... by Glutathione reductase is FAD dependent For the molecular mechanism of action see main articles Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) ... 58 (10): 3423-3425. PMC 183117 . PMID 16348793. Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition, edited by Victor R. Preedy, Ronald ...
DM42 1555 protein (Burkholderia cepacia) - STRING interaction networkFadh2- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Adenosylhomocysteinase; May play a key role in the regulation of the ...
FADH2), 9028-69-7; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2), 71822-25-8; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) 參考文獻 ... FADH2), 9028-69-7; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2), 71822-25-8; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) 參考文獻 ... FADH2), genomic DNA, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2), adult, alcohol consumption, allele, Article, carcinogenesis ... 522-528; Guo, S., Jiang, X., Chen, X., Chen, L., Li, X., Jia, Y., The protective effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ...
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystPeptide-Methionine (S)-S-oxide Reductase*Peptide-Methionine (S)-S-oxide Reductase ... Peptide-Methionine (R)-S-oxide Reductase*Peptide-Methionine (R)-S-oxide Reductase ... Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 deficiency does not increase high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Free Radic Res ... Reductases that catalyze the reaction of peptide-L-methionine -S-oxide + thioredoxin to produce peptide-L-methionine + ...
NAVER 학술정보 >...FADH2), 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase, metabolism, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Animals, Brain, Folic ...
FADH2). *Alcohol Oxidoreductases. *Arsenate Reductases. *Ascorbate Oxidase. *Ceruloplasmin. *Electron Transport Complex IV ...
TNO Repository search for: creator:'Jakobs, C.'Biology · Analytical research · B vitamins · Folate · Mass spectrometry · Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) · Red ... Methods: Ten healthy men and nine healthy postmenopausal women (aged 45-65 years) participated in a randomized, diet-controlled ... FADH2) · cyanocobalamin · folic acid · homocysteine · pyridoxine · riboflavin · s adenosylhomocysteine · s adenosylmethionine ... So far, only the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 TT genotype has been identified as a determinant of RBC folate ...
Polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) and thymidylate synthase enhancer region (TSER) as a...FADH2). LinkOut - more resources. Full Text Sources. *HighWire - PDF ... 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a key enzyme in folate metabolism, plays a major role in the provision of ... Polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) and thymidylate synthase enhancer region (TSER) as a ... Therefore, the polymorphism of MTHFR and TSER, which share a common substrate, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, in CCC was ...
FADH2). *Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2). LinkOut - more resources. Medical. *Antiphospholipid Syndrome - Genetic ... Mutation of a 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in systemic lupus erythematosis and antiphospholipid syndrome].. [ ... C677T mutation occurred in 5 of 17 SLE patients (29%), it was in all the cases heterozygous. In primary and secondary APS ...
2005 Nov;30(5):545-9. Epub 2005 Aug 1. Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... FADH2). LinkOut - more resources. Full Text Sources. *Elsevier Science ... Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005 Nov;30(5):545-9. Epub 2005 Aug 1. ...
INACTIVATION , S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE , MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL , HUMAN METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE , RISK FACTOR , ... FADH2) , Oxidoreductases - deficiency , Oxidoreductases - metabolism , RNA - analysis , Oxidoreductases - genetics , Cells, ... Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) , Homocysteine - metabolism , Anesthetics, Inhalation - adverse effects , 5- ... 5. Full Text A high-resolution map of segmental DNA copy number variation in the mouse genome ...
INACTIVATION , S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE , MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL , HUMAN METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE , RISK FACTOR , ... FADH2) , Oxidoreductases - deficiency , Oxidoreductases - metabolism , RNA - analysis , Oxidoreductases - genetics , Cells, ... Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) , Homocysteine - metabolism , Anesthetics, Inhalation - adverse effects , 5- ... 10. Full Text High-Resolution Mapping of DNA Copy Alterations in Human Chromosome 22 Using High-Density Tiling Oligonucleotide ...
Reductase (FADH2). 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate-Reductase (NADH) use Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+) ... 7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-Epoxy-7,8,9,10-Tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene use 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ... 3-Keto-5-alpha-Steroid delta-4-Dehydrogenase use Testosterone 5-alpha-Reductase ... 2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- ...
Filter by: SubjectFADH2) (2) 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2), 9028-69-7 (2) ...
FADH2) (1) * 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2), 9028-69-7 (1) ...
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity. go/ molecular_function. methionine biosynthetic process. go/ biological_ ... fadh2. tigr/ tigrfam. Gene Info. Organism:. Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. Locus tag:. RSP_2172 Aliases: None (NCBI) , RSP_2172 ... methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity. go/ molecular_function. methionine biosynthetic process. go/ biological_ ... Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (NCBI). 134, 365. RSP_2636. ilvH. Acetolactate synthase, small (regulatory) subunit ( ...
20-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase use Cortisone Reductase 20-Hydroxyecdysone use Ecdysterone 20-Hydroxysteroid ... FADH2) 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate-Reductase (NADH) use Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+) ... 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric Acid use 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-4(3H)-pteridinone use ... 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-Epoxy-7,8,9,10-Tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene use 7,8-Dihydro-7 ...
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2). Metilenotetraidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2). Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa ( ... FADH2). 5,10-Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (FADH2). Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase. Acil-CoA Desidrogenase. Acil-CoA ... Receptor 5-HT2C de Serotonina. Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2C. Receptors, Adenosine A2. Receptor A2 de Adenosina. Receptor de ... Receptor 5-HT1A de Serotonina. Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A. Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B. Receptor 5-HT1B de Serotonina. ...
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A>G polymorphisms: association ... FADH2). Flavin mononucleotide binding domain interacts with a coenzyme of flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, FMN. ... It is a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) ... Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase act to further the extent of DNA damage. Hypomethylation due to impaired methylation up ...
MTHFR Gene - GeneCards | MTHR Protein | MTHR AntibodyMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards ... Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD) [MIM:236250]. 11,791,244(+). CGGTG(A/G)GCTGG. reference, missense. ... Pathogenic, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD) [MIM:236250]. 11,801,166(-). GCTGC(A/G)GGGAG. reference, ... Pathogenic, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFRD) [MIM:236250]. 11,794,766(-). TCTAC(C/T)GTACC. reference, ...
The Leaky Gut Prescription - Dr. Jack KruseThis gene encodes the enzyme methyl-enetetrahydrofolate reductase. Reduces 5-10 methylene THF to,5 methyl-THF for methionine ... to the ETC as FADH2 and a great deal as NADH, with an almost glucose like FADH2:NADH ratio. Low current, means lower force or ... Ten of those grams are fiber. If the people who need to lose weight need to have 25 grams of carb a day or less on the Leptin ... Consider, for example, polymorphisms in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase interfere with folic acid- ...
Frontiers | Metabolic Plasticity of Tumor Cell Mitochondria | OncologyNotably, FAO induction further feeds OXPHOS via generation of FADH2 and NADH. Nonetheless, under conditions of extreme stress ... ten-eleven translocation) family of 5-methylcytosine hydroxylases, which induce DNA demethylation of CpG islands near gene ... an alternative substrate to glutathione reductase that leads to an increase in mitochondrial ROS levels and to HIF-1 activation ... methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; CPT, carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase; MCAD, medium-chain acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase; ...
- abstract = "Aim: The study aimed to investigate the role of two polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), C677T and A1298C, in the risk of potentially malignant oral disorders (PMODs). (elsevier.com)
- Polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) and thymidylate synthase enhancer region (TSER) as a risk factor of cholang. (cdc.gov)
- C677T mutation occurred in 5 of 17 SLE patients (29%), it was in all the cases heterozygous. (cdc.gov)
- MTR reactivation can also be NADPH dependent involving two redox proteins, soluble cytochrome b5 and reductase 1. (wikipedia.org)
- Enhanced glucose utilization also increases the metabolic flux through pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) ( 5 ), which provides anabolic building blocks for nucleotide synthesis and NADPH for anti-oxidant defenses, whereas glycolytic intermediates are used for the biosynthesis of amino acids ( 4 , 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Circulating blood folate (5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, 5-MTHF) donates methyl groups to MTR to be utilized in cellular methylation. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme bound cob(I)alamin cofactor of the MTR enzyme functions as a methyl carrier between 5-MTHF and homocysteine. (wikipedia.org)
- Flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductases, including FAD catalyse the interchange of reducing equivalents (H+ or electrons). (wikipedia.org)
- It is a member of the ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FNR) family of electron transferases. (wikipedia.org)