4 quinolones. Medical search

A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.

QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinolones are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.

Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II. Included in this category are a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS which target the eukaryotic form of topoisomerase II and ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS which target the prokaryotic form of topoisomerase II.

A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.

A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Topoisomerase IV binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting 2 parC and 2 parE subunits. Topoisomerase IV is a decatenating enzyme that resolves interlinked daughter chromosomes following DNA replication.

A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.

The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

DNA TOPOISOMERASES that catalyze ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. These enzymes bring about relaxation of the supercoiled DNA and resolution of a knotted circular DNA duplex.

A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.

Circular duplex DNA isolated from viruses, bacteria and mitochondria in supercoiled or supertwisted form. This superhelical DNA is endowed with free energy. During transcription, the magnitude of RNA initiation is proportional to the DNA superhelicity.

Synthetic antimicrobial related to NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A nonimmunologic, chemically induced type of photosensitivity producing a sometimes vesiculating dermatitis. It results in hyperpigmentation and desquamation of the light-exposed areas of the skin.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The type species of the genus BARTONELLA, a gram-negative bacteria found in humans. It is found in the mountain valleys of Peru, Ecuador, and Southwest Columbia where the sandfly (see PHLEBOTOMUS) vector is present. It causes OROYA FEVER and VERRUGA PERUANA.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE which is used in Chinese medicine (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL). Evodiamine and other quinazoline alkaloids (QUINAZOLINES) are obtained from the fruit of E. ruticarpa.

A rapid-growing, nonphotochromogenic species that is potentially pathogenic, producing lesions of lung, bone, or soft tissue following trauma. It has been found in soil and in injection sites of humans, cattle, and cold-blooded animals. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

Closely congeneric derivatives of the polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide. (Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1117)

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.

Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA.

Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASES.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.

Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria.

This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.

Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)

A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.

Cyclic AMIDES formed from aminocarboxylic acids by the elimination of water. Lactims are the enol forms of lactams.

Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the most common species of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human soft tissue infections.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

An error-prone mechanism or set of functions for repairing damaged microbial DNA. SOS functions (a concept reputedly derived from the SOS of the international distress signal) are involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after DNA repair, and possibly in cell death when DNA damage is extensive.

A complex that includes several strains of M. avium. M. intracellulare is not easily distinguished from M. avium and therefore is included in the complex. These organisms are most frequently found in pulmonary secretions from persons with a tuberculous-like mycobacteriosis. Strains of this complex have also been associated with childhood lymphadenitis and AIDS; M. avium alone causes tuberculosis in a variety of birds and other animals, including pigs.

Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A genus of gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria which are common parasitic inhabitants of the urogenital tracts of humans, cattle, dogs, and monkeys.

Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.

A species of STENOTROPHOMONAS, formerly called Xanthomonas maltophilia, which reduces nitrate. It is a cause of hospital-acquired ocular and lung infections, especially in those patients with cystic fibrosis and those who are immunosuppressed.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.

The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.

A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one atom (usually a carbon) in common.

A large heterogeneous group of mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci. They colonize the respiratory tract at birth and generally have a low degree of pathogenicity. This group of species includes STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS; STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS; and the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. The latter are often beta-hemolytic and commonly produce invasive pyogenic infections including brain and abdominal abscesses.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in water, sewage, soil, meat, hospital environments, and on the skin and in the intestinal tract of man and animals as a commensal.

A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.

Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.

A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.

Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA that causes mild PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon.

Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.

A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.

Short filamentous organism of the genus Mycoplasma, which binds firmly to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. It is one of the etiologic agents of non-viral primary atypical pneumonia in man.

In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. (1/269)

The in vitro activities of several cephalosporins and quinolones against 195 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diary calves affected by neonatal diarrhea were determined. One hundred thirty-seven of these strains produced one or more potential virulence factors (F5, F41, F17, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, verotoxin, and the eae gene), but the remaining 58 strains did not produce any of these factors. From 11 to 18% of the E. coli strains were resistant to cephalothin, nalidixic acid, enoxacin, and enrofloxacin. However, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cefquinome were highly effective against the E. coli isolates tested. Some significant differences (P < 0.05) in resistance to quinolones between the strains producing potential virulence factors and nonfimbriated, nontoxigenic, eae-negative strains were found. Thus, eae-positive, necrotoxigenic, and verotoxigenic (except for nalidixic acid) E. coli strains were significantly more sensitive to nalidixic acid, enoxacin, and enrofloxacin than nonfimbriated, nontoxigenic, eae-negative strains. Moreover, eae-positive strains were significantly more sensitive to enoxacin and enrofloxacin than F5-positive strains. Thus, the result of this study suggest that the bovine E. coli strains that produce some potential virulence factors are more sensitive to quinolones than those that do not express these factors. (+info)

Cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa topoisomerase IV. (2/269)

The topoisomerase IV subunit A gene, parC homolog, has been cloned and sequenced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, with cDNA encoding the N-terminal region of Escherichia coli parC used as a probe. The homolog and its upstream gene were presumed to be parC and parE through sequence homology with the parC and parE genes of other organisms. The deduced amino acid sequence of ParC and ParE showed 33 and 32% identity with that of the P. aeruginosa DNA gyrase subunits, GyrA and GyrB, respectively, and 69 and 75% identity with that of E. coli ParC and ParE, respectively. The putative ParC and ParE proteins were overexpressed and separately purified by use of a fusion system with a maltose-binding protein, and their enzymatic properties were examined. The reconstituted enzyme had ATP-dependent decatenation activity, which is the main catalytic activity of bacterial topoisomerase IV, and relaxing activities but had no supercoiling activity. So, the cloned genes were identified as P. aeruginosa topoisomerase IV genes. The inhibitory effects of quinolones on the activities of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase were compared. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of quinolones for the decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV were from five to eight times higher than those for the supercoiling activities of P. aeruginosa DNA gyrase. These results confirmed that topoisomerase IV is less sensitive to fluoroquinolones than is DNA gyrase and may be a secondary target of new quinolones in wild-type P. aeruginosa. (+info)

Impact of gyrA and parC mutations on quinolone resistance, doubling time, and supercoiling degree of Escherichia coli. (3/269)

Isogenic mutants derived from quinolone-susceptible isolate WT by introducing gyrA (S83L, D87G) and parC (S80I, E84K) mutations associated with quinolone resistance were characterized with respect to quinolone resistance, growth rate, and degree of global supercoiling. The latter was determined by use of a pair of reporter plasmids carrying supercoiling-dependent promoters pgyrA and ptopA, respectively, transcriptionally fused to the reporter gene bla coding for TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The quotient (Qsc) of the beta-lactamase specific activity determined for a mutant carrying either plasmid was taken as a measure of the degree of global supercoiling. These Qsc data were comparable to results obtained from the separation of topoisomers of plasmid pBR322 on chloroquine-containing agarose gels and indicate a reduced degree of negative supercoiling in resistant mutants relative to the parent, WT. The S83L mutation in gyrA had the strongest influence on quinolone resistance while leaving other parameters nearly unaffected. The gyrA double mutation (S83L plus D87G) had an effect on quinolone resistance similar to that of a single mutation. Phenotypic expression of the parC mutation (S80I) was dependent on the presence of at least one gyrA mutation. Expression of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC, > 4 micrograms/ml) required a combination of the gyrA double mutation and one parC mutation (S80I or E84K). Such mutants showed considerable alterations of growth rate, global supercoiling, or both. Introduction of a parC mutation affected neither the doubling time nor the degree of supercoiling, while the presence of the gyrA D87G mutation was associated with a significant reduction in the degree of DNA supercoiling. (+info)

Penetration of moxifloxacin into peripheral compartments in humans. (4/269)

To characterize the penetration of moxifloxacin (BAY 12-8039) into peripheral target sites, the present study aimed at measuring unbound moxifloxacin concentrations in the interstitial space fluid by means of microdialysis, an innovative clinical sampling technique. In addition, moxifloxacin concentrations were measured in cantharides-induced skin blisters, saliva, and capillary plasma and compared to total- and free-drug concentrations in venous plasma. For this purpose, 12 healthy volunteers received moxifloxacin in an open randomized crossover fashion either as a single oral dose of 400 mg or as a single intravenous infusion of 400 mg over 60 min. An almost-complete equilibration of the free unbound plasma fraction of moxifloxacin with the interstitial space fluid was observed, with mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)(interstitial fluid)/AUC(total-plasma) ratios ranging from 0.38 to 0.55 and mean AUC(interstitial fluid)/AUC(free-plasma) ratios ranging from 0.81 to 0.86. The skin blister concentration/plasma concentration ratio reached values above 1.5 after 24 h, indicating a preferential penetration of moxifloxacin into inflamed lesions. The moxifloxacin concentrations in saliva and capillary blood were similar to the corresponding levels in plasma. Our data show that moxifloxacin concentrations attained in the interstitial space fluid in humans and in skin blister fluid following single doses of 400 mg exceed the values for the MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for most clinically relevant bacterial strains, notably including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. These findings support the use of moxifloxacin for the treatment of soft tissue and respiratory tract infections in humans. (+info)

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in burn patients. (5/269)

Drug pharmacokinetics are significantly altered in the burned patient but the interplay of a large number of variables is involved in deciding how an individual will deal with a drug. Consequently the burn patient population shows significant inter- and intrapatient variation. In 1976 altered aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics and the need for increased dosage in burn patients was reported but, despite this early study, a review of the currently available literature shows that for many drugs there is a paucity of information to support current dosage recommendations. In addition, many reports are based upon small numbers of patients, and even in larger studies there is no standardization of the study population with regard to the important variables known to affect drug handling. For the sub-population of burn patients who eliminate drugs extremely rapidly, a concern exists over the adequacy of antibiotic dosing. It is suggested that antibiotic serum concentrations be measured for all drugs in every patient to ascertain whether there is a significant problem with dosing. Additionally, future pharmacokinetic studies need to be standardized in burn patients. (+info)

Activity of moxifloxacin against mycobacteria. (6/269)

Moxifloxacin is an 8-methoxyquinolone compound with activity against a wide range of bacteria. We tested its activity in comparison with four other quinolones and isoniazid against clinical isolates of mycobacteria. It proved to be the most active of the quinolones tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC90 0.25 mg/L), Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MIC90 1.0 mg/L), Mycobacterium kansasii (MIC90 0.06 mg/L) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (MIC90 1 mg/L). These data indicate that moxifloxacin merits further study as an antimycobacterial agent. (+info)

Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (7/269)

We investigated the regulation of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is overexpressed in nfxC-type mutants and confers resistance to quinolones, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim. Sequencing of the DNA region upstream of the mexEF-oprN operon revealed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF) of 304 amino acids encoding a LysR-type transcriptional activator, termed MexT. By using T7-polymerase, a 34-kDa protein was expressed in Escherichia coli from a plasmid carrying the mexT gene. Expression of a mexE::lacZ fusion was 10-fold higher in nfxC-type mutants than in the wild-type strain; however, transcription of mexT as well as the mexT DNA region was unchanged. Located adjacent to mexT but transcribed in opposite direction, the beginning of an ORF termed qrh (quinone oxidoreductase homologue) was identified. Expression of a qrh::lacZ fusion was also found to be activated by MexT. Further, we present evidence for coregulation at the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level between the MexEF-OprN efflux system and the OprD porin responsible for cross-resistance of nfxC-type mutants to carbapenem antibiotics. (+info)

Purification and inhibition by quinolones of DNA gyrases from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum bv. peregrinum. (8/269)

The DNA gyrases from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum bv. peregrinum, which are species naturally resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible to fluoroquinolones, respectively, were purified by affinity chromatography on novobiocin-Sepharose columns. The DNA gyrase inhibiting activities (IC50 values) of classical quinolones and fluoroquinolones were determined from the purified enzymes and were compared to the corresponding antibacterial activities (MICs). Regarding M. fortuitum bv. peregrinum, which is nearly as susceptible as Escherichia coli, the corresponding MIC and IC50 values of quinolones were significantly lower than those found for M. avium and M. smegmatis (e.g. for ofloxacin, MICs of 0.25 versus 32 and 1 microg ml(-1), and IC50 values of 1 versus 8 and 6 microg ml(-1), respectively). Such a result could be related to the presence of Ser-83 in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of the gyrase A subunit of M. fortuitum bv. peregrinum, as found in wild-type E. coli, instead of Ala-83 in M. avium and M. smegmatis, as found in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli mutants. The IC50 values of quinolones against the M. avium and M. smegmatis DNA gyrases were similar, while the corresponding MICs were 32-fold higher for M. avium when compared to M. smegmatis, suggesting that an additional mechanism, such as a low cell wall permeability or a drug efflux, could contribute to the low antibacterial potency of quinolones against M. avium. (+info)

Committee on Safety of Medicines; Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (2008). "Quinolones". United Kingdom: ... The consensus is to reduce dosage gradually over several weeks, e.g. 4 or more weeks for diazepam doses over 30 mg/day, with ... 49 (4): 468-76. doi:10.1038/clpt.1991.55. PMID 2015735. S2CID 185909. Saxon, L.; Hjemdahl, P.; Hiltunen, A. J.; Borg, S. (1997 ... 4 (2): 85-91. doi:10.1016/0924-977x(94)90001-9. ISSN 0924-977X. Biswas, AK; Feldman, BL; Davis, DH; Zintz, EA (2005). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome

Allergy to quinolones Eight cases of quinolone allergy F. F. Arboit 1, JC Bessot 2, F. Arboit 1, JC Bessot 2, F. De Blay 2, A. ... Although quinolones are highly toxic to mammalian cells in culture, its mechanism of cytotoxic action is not known. Quinolone ... Flumequine is the first quinolone compound with a fluorine atom at the C6-position of the related quinolone basic molecular ... Significant and harmful residues of quinolones have been found in animals treated with quinolones and later slaughtered and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumequine

... is a quinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. Pefloxacin has not been approved for use in the United ... Casparian JM, Luchi M, Moffat RE, Hinthorn D (May 2000). "Quinolones and tendon ruptures". South. Med. J. 93 (5): 488-91. doi: ... and the 4-quinolones". Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 61 (3): 377-92. doi:10.1128/.61.3.377-392.1997. PMC 232616. PMID 9293187. Khaliq ... 32 (4): 495-502, vi. doi:10.1016/j.cps.2005.05.004. PMID 16139623. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pefloxacin

Quinolones Alksne L (February 2003). "Balofloxacin Choongwae". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 4 (2): 224-9. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balofloxacin

Appelbaum PC (1999). "Quinolone activity against anaerobes". Drugs. 58 Suppl 2: 60-4. doi:10.2165/00003495-199958002-00012. ... Rubinstein E (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 Suppl 3 (3): 3-8, discussion 44-8. doi: ... Nord CE (1999). "Use of newer quinolones for the treatment of intraabdominal infections: focus on clinafloxacin". Infection. 27 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinafloxacin

Ball, P. (2000). "Quinolone generations: Natural history or natural selection?". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46: 17- ... Numerous pathogens, including enterococci, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae (quinolone-resistant) now exhibit ... Among the 46,766 quinolone users in the study, 38 (0.1%) cases of Achilles tendon rupture were identified. A study performed ... Ciprofloxacin is the most widely used of the second-generation quinolones.[71][72] In 2010, over 20 million prescriptions were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipro

Commonly referred to as the first generation quinolones. This first generation also included other quinolone drugs such as ... Cinoxacin is a quinolone antibiotic that has been discontinued in the U.K. as well the United States, both as a branded drug or ... Demonstration of quinolone phototoxicity in vitro. Przybilla B, Georgii A, Bergner T, Ring J. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1982 Dec; ... Cinoxacin was an older synthetic antimicrobial related to the quinolone class of antibiotics with activity similar to oxolinic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinoxacin

... and the 4-quinolones". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61 (3): 377-92. doi:10.1128/.61.3.377-392.1997. PMC 232616. PMID 9293187. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Klevan

Peterson, U. (2006). "Quinolone Antibiotics: The Development of Moxifloxacin". In IUPAC; Fischer, J.; Ganellin, C. R. (eds.). ... Ziv A, Masarwa R, Perlman A, Ziv D, Matok I (March 2018). "Pregnancy Outcomes Following Exposure to Quinolone Antibiotics - a ... Exposure of the developing fetus to quinolones, including levofloxacin, during the first-trimester is not associated with an ... any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents, or any of the product components." Though not stated as such within ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxifloxacin

... is a quinolone antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken by mouth or ... quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19 (4): ... Research and Development of Quinolones in Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Archived 2016-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Page accessed ... Simultaneous use of corticosteroids is present in almost one-third of quinolone-associated tendon rupture. Tendon damage may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofloxacin

Like all quinolones, it functions by inhibiting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, two bacterial type II topoisomerases. ... Exposure to quinolones, including levofloxacin, during the first-trimester is not associated with an increased risk of ... Ziv A, Masarwa R, Perlman A, Ziv D, Matok I (March 2018). "Pregnancy Outcomes Following Exposure to Quinolone Antibiotics - a ... Research and Development of Quinolones in Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Archived 12 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Page ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levofloxacin

Some quinolones exert an inhibitory effect on the cytochrome P-450 system, thereby reducing theophylline clearance and ... Quinolones, including norfloxacin, may enhance the effects of oral anticoagulants, including warfarin or its derivatives or ... The toxicity of drugs that are metabolised by the cytochrome P450 system is enhanced by concomitant use of some quinolones. ... quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfloxacin

Ruiz J, Pons MJ, Gomes C (September 2012). "Transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance". International Journal of ... 72 (4): 387-98. doi:10.5935/0305-7518.20010054. PMID 11826475. Rosengarten R, Citti C, Glew M, Lischewski A, Droesse M, Much P ... 55 (4): 301-11. doi:10.1007/s11427-012-4310-2. PMID 22566086. Clarke JT, Lloyd GT, Friedman M (October 2016). "Little evidence ... 4 (2): e4603. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4603X. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004603. PMC 2643483. PMID 19240804. Knowles DG, McLysaght ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_evolution

Quinolone resistance genes are frequently located on the same plasmid as the ESBL genes. Examples of resistance mechanisms ... Strahilevitz J, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC, Robicsek A (October 2009). "Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat ... Nordmann P, Poirel L (September 2005). "Emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in Enterobacteriaceae". J. ... 5 (4): 113-22. PMID 12921226. Retrieved 2010-09-13. Bennett, P M (2008-03-01). "Plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid-mediated_resistance

Quinolones are effective if the organism is sensitive, but high rates of quinolone use in livestock means that quinolones are ... Fàbrega A, Sánchez-Céspedes J, Soto S, Vila J (2008). "Quinolone resistance in the food chain". Int J Antimicrob Agents. 31 (4 ... 4 (9): e1000203. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000203. PMC 2538567. PMID 18818764. "Campylobacter". Health Topics A TO Z. Retrieved ... Retrieved 4 February 2019. Mitchell, Charlie (13 March 2020). "Schools, hospital among providers of drinking water that's not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacteriosis

As quinolones are known to induce arthropathy in juvenile animals, administration of the drug to breast-feeding women cannot be ... Fleroxacin is a quinolone antibiotic. It is sold under the brand names Quinodis and Megalocin. Fleroxacin is a bactericidal ... Like other quinolones and fluoroquinolones the compound eradicates bacteria by interfering with DNA replication (bacterial DNA ... Yoshida H, Nakamura M, Bogaki M, Ito H, Kojima T, Hattori H, Nakamura S (April 1993). "Mechanism of action of quinolones ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleroxacin

The quinolone is also active against Gram-negative bacteria After oral administration enoxacin is rapidly and well absorbed ... Yoshida H, Nakamura M, Bogaki M, Ito H, Kojima T, Hattori H, Nakamura S (April 1993). "Mechanism of action of quinolones ... De Sarro A, Zappalá M, Chimirri A, Grasso S, De Sarro GB (July 1993). "Quinolones potentiate cefazolin-induced seizures in DBA/ ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal drugs, eradicating bacteria by interfering with DNA replication. Like other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoxacin

Allocation of metabolic pathways to isoforms and inhibitory effects of quinolones". Toxicology. 82 (1-3): 169-89. doi:10.1016/ ... 74 (4): 980-9. doi:10.1124/mol.108.048207. PMID 18621927. S2CID 14842240. Fuhr U, Doehmer J, Battula N, Wölfel C, Flick I, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine

Quinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium DT104". New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (19): 1420-1425. doi: ... 40 (4): 277-283. ISSN 1052-1372. PMC 4378521. PMID 25859123.. *^ a b Marshall, Bonnie M.; Levy, Stuart B. (October 2011). "Food ... plasmid-mediated quinolone- and macrolide-resistance genes in livestock feedlots in Northern China". Springer. 22 (6932-6940): ... 14 (4): 750-756. doi:10.1093/japr/14.4.750.. *^ Doyle, M.E. 2001: Alternatives to Antibiotic Use for Growth Promotion in Animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock?fbclid=IwAR1_Lbgn4Zdias3G3oYnoZRzD4rk8Vaxlk7vwQtdfZunZANx-TstcZGyCNo

Because of the similarity of these to the reagents in the Friedlander quinolone synthesis, a benzaldehyde with an aldehyde or ... quinolones and their annulation reactions". Tetrahedron Letters. 42 (13): 2553-2555. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)00231-3.CS1 ... 40 (4): 4285-4294. doi:10.1002/cber.19070400444. Hartz, pp. 376-384 Manske, R. H. (1942). "The Chemistry of Quinolines". Chem. ... 5 (4): 145-193. doi:10.1080/00304947309355565. Rosini, M.; Anontello, A.; Cavalli, A.; Bolognesi, M.; Minarini, A.; Marucci, G ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niementowski_quinoline_synthesis

... (COR-167) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, based on a quinolone-3- ... August 2008). "Investigations on the 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid motif. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of ... August 2010). "Investigations on the 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid motif. 3. Synthesis, structure-affinity relationships, and ... pharmacological characterization of 6-substituted 4-quinolone-3-carboxamides as highly selective cannabinoid-2 receptor ligands ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SER-601

Brook I, Ledney D (1992). "Quinolone therapy in the management of infection after irradiation". Crit Rev Microbiol. 18 (4): ... Empirical regimens contain antibiotics broadly active against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria (quinolones: i.e., ciprofloxacin, ... 37 (2-4). ISBN 978-0-7020-3048-2. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012. The Effects of Nuclear ... Vomiting in this time-frame is a marker for whole body exposures that are in the fatal range above 4 grays (400 rad). Without ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal drugs, eradicating bacteria by interfering with DNA replication. Quinolones ... "As with other quinolones, exposure to the sun or ultra-violet rays may cause phototoxicity reactions in patients treated with ... Quinolones inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or the topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ... Quinolone Nelson JM, Chiller TM, Powers JH, Angulo FJ (2007). "Food Safety: Fluoroquinolone‐Resistant Campylobacter Species and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prulifloxacin

She also worked on other types of drugs, such as aminoglycosides and quinolones. Reed retired from the FDA in 1992. "Theresa ... ISBN 978-0-7876-3876-4. OCLC 41238505 - via Internet Archive. "People". Jet. 44 (12): 36. June 14, 1973. "Speaking of People". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Greene_Reed

Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Vet Res. maio-agosto de 2001;32(3-4):275-84. PMID 11432418 ... Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC (outubro de 2006). "The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance". Lancet ... 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 15,5 15,6 15,7 15,8 15,9 "Biggest Threats - Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance - CDC". www.cdc.gov. ... Dis. 4 (2): 115-33. PMID 17600481. doi:10.1089/fpd.2006.0066.. *↑ "Pharmaceuticals Sold In Sweden Cause Serious Environmental ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistencia_a_antibióticos

Poisons of type II topoisomerases include doxorubicin, etoposide, novobiocin, quinolones (including ciprofloxacin), and ... that renders quinolones ineffective.[citation needed] Recent structural studies have led to the discovery of a compound that no ... 14 (4): 860-71. doi:10.1128/JVI.14.4.860-871.1974. PMC 355592. PMID 4609406. Hyman P (August 1993). "The genetics of the Luria- ... 106 (4): 963-81. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(76)90346-6. PMID 789903. Mufti S, Bernstein H (October 1974). "The DNA-delay mutants of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_topoisomerase

It also has activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae including strains that are resistant to other quinolone antibiotics. ... activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae including quinolone-resistant strains". Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 62 (1): 110-112. doi ... "Comparison of pharmacokinetics between new quinolone antibiotics: the zabofloxacin hydrochloride capsule and the zabofloxacin ... 27 (4): 295-307. doi:10.1081/DCT-200039708. PMID 15573468. Jones RN, Biedenbach DJ, Ambrose PG, Wikler MA (2008). "Zabofloxacin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabofloxacin

140 (4): 403-405. doi:10.1007/s10517-005-0503-z. PMID 16671565. S2CID 13179025. He Y, Benz A, Fu T, Wang M, Covey DF, Zorumski ... 26 (4): 760-774. doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.04.012. Miller PS, Aricescu AR (August 2014). "Crystal structure of a human GABAA ... 67 (4): 310-318. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.004. PMID 16182939. S2CID 6433030. Yarom M, Tang XW, Wu E, Carlson RG, ... 5 (4): 274-280. doi:10.1007/bf02255859. PMID 9691220. Cossart R, Bernard C, Ben-Ari Y (February 2005). "Multiple facets of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor

The ethyl acetate extract of R. graveolens leaves yields two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid and four quinolone ... Including a New Quinolone Alkaloid". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (4): 890-896. doi:10.1021/jf0259361. PMID ... 41 (4): 232. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06145.x. PMID 10515113. S2CID 45280728. Rethy, Borbala; Zupko, Istvan; Minorics, ... doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00284-4. PMID 12409025. INIST:13994117 Walsh, William Shepard; Garrison, William H.; Harris, Samuel R ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruta_graveolens

The increased resistance of urinary pathogens to quinolone antibiotics has been reported worldwide and might be the consequence ... 39 (4): 210-2. PMID 22752741. Retrieved 4 April 2013.. *^ a b Jagannath VA, Fedorowicz Z, Sud V, Verma AK, Hajebrahimi S (14 ... 93 (4): 290-6. PMID 26926816.. *^ a b Nicolle LE (2001). "The chronic indwelling catheter and urinary infection in long-term- ... 28 (4): 230-41. doi:10.1097/NHH.0b013e3181dc1bcb. PMID 20520263.. *^ Opperman, EA (June 2010). "Cranberry is not effective for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_Tract_Infections

antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ... 24 (4): 223-229. doi:10.1007/bf03256820.. *^ Gina Kolata for the New York Times. 12 September 1994 F.D.A. Debate on Speedy ... 1-4. ISBN 978-0-7817-7155-9. .. *^ Anson, Blake D.; Ma, Junyi; He, Jia-Qiang (1 May 2009). "Identifying Cardiotoxic Compounds" ... 914: 4. Other outstanding technical issues: 4.2 Description of essential medicines". Apps.who.int. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 25 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

High-level resistance to previously recommended quinolones is widespread and decreased susceptibility to the extended-spectrum ... 10 (4): 555-77. doi:10.1517/14656560902731993. PMC 2657229. PMID 19284360.. *^ a b c d e Deguchi T, Nakane K, Yasuda M, Maeda S ... doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.. *^ a b Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae ... 978-0-8018-8658-4. .. *^ a b Smith, L; Angarone, MP (November 2015). "Sexually Transmitted Infections". The Urologic Clinics of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

Quinolone-derived antibiotics. levofloxacin, moxifloxacin -barb-. Barbiturates. Phenobarbital, secobarbital -xaban. Direct Xa ... RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid. ibuprofen. Motrin (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C- ... 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenol hydrochloride. oxymetazoline. Visine ... ethyl 4-(8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene) -1-piperidinecarboxylate. loratadine. Claritin ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_ng_gamot

2R,4aR,5aR,6S,7S,8R,9S,9aR,10aS)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-6,8-bis(methylamino)decahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]benzodioxin-4- ... 1R,3S,5R,8R,10R,11S,12S,13R,14S)-8,12,14-trihydroxy-5-methyl-11,13-bis(methylamino)-2,4,9-trioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecan- ... quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *اسید نالیدیکسیک‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... InChI=1S/C14H24N2O7/c1-5-4-6(17)14(20)13(21-5)22-12-10(19)7(15-2)9(18)8(16-3)11(12)23-14/h5,7-13,15-16,18-20H,4H2,1-3H3/t5-,7-, ...

https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/اسپکتینومایسین

quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *اسید نالیدیکسیک‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... 6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-,2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-{[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4- ... سفتریاکسون (آیوپاک آدی: (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-,2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-{[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1, ... 2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, اینگیلیسجه: ...

https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/سفتریاکسون

槲皮素含量丰富的食品包括：茶叶（茶树；2000-2500 mg/kg），刺山柑（1800 mg/kg）[4]，欧当归（1700 mg/kg），苹果（44 mg/kg），红洋葱（1910 mg/kg，最外层的含量最高[5]），红葡萄，柑橘、西红柿、西兰花及 ... 2009, 149 (4): 359-68. PMID 19295240. doi:10.1159/000205582.. *^ Mainardi, T; Kapoor, S; Bielory, L. Complementary and ... 对大鼠生物利用度的研究显示，当放射性

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/槲皮素

The risk of illness and death can be reduced by taking common antibiotics such as quinolones or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ... 46 (4): 480-9. PMID 17497315. doi:10.1080/02841860601166958.. *^ a b Morgan S, Anderson RA, Gourley C, Wallace WH, Spears N ( ... 4 (11): 14-25. doi:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2006.08.003.. *^ Soden DM, Larkin JO, Collins CG, Tangney M, Aarons S, Piggott J, Morrissey ... 11 (4): 263-267. doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2012.05.004.. *^ Kaldate RR; Haregewoin A; Grier CE; Hamilton SA; McLeod HL. "Modeling the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

The number of known quinolone-resistant strains is growing. Evidence suggests this is caused by an overuse of this class of ... quinolones, and tetracycline are sometimes used to treat gastrointestinal Campylobacter infections in adults.[29] In case of ... 32 (4): 473-513. doi:10.1215/01455532-2008-006.. *^ Skirrow, M. B. (1 November 2006). "John McFadyean and the Centenary of the ... 50 (4): 404-10. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181a87104. PMID 19881393.. *^ Gendrel, D.; Cohen, R. (2008). "Diarrhées bactériennes et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter

quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *اسید نالیدیکسیک‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... سیکلوسرین (آیوپاک آدی: (R)-4-Amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one, اینگیلیسجه: Cycloserine, عربجه: سيكلوسيرين‎، روسجا: Циклосерин) بیر ...

https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/سیکلوسرین

quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *اسید نالیدیکسیک‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... اسید نالیدیکسیک (آیوپاک آدی: 1-Ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, اینگیلیسجه: Nalidixic acid, عربجه: ... InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-3-14-6-9(12(16)17)10(15)8-5-4-7(2)13-11(8)14/h4-6H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,16,17) Y ...

https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/اسید_نالیدیکسیک

... quinolones and tetracyclines.[citation needed] ... 4. Tuberculosis (TB). 1.6. 2.7%. 2.7. 3 5. Malaria. 1.3. 2.2%. ... 26 (4): 352-58. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283631046. PMID 23806898.. *^ World Health Organization (February 2009). "Age- ... 8 (4): e6237. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862437K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062437. PMC 3639165. PMID 23658630.. ... In 2012, approximately 3.1 million people have died due to lower respiratory infections, making it the number 4 leading cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Simple derivatives of quinoline derivatives of 2 - quinolones and 4-quinolone Anthranilic acid → 3-carboxyquinoline [74] ... 3,4-Dihydro-4-quinazolone derivatives Anthranilic acid or phenylalanine or ornithine [67] Febrifugine[68] ... Derivatives of 1- and 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines [38] Cryptostilin [38][42] Derivatives of 5-naftil-isoquinoline [43] ... 1,4-Dihydro-4-quinazolone derivatives Glycorine, arborine, glycosminine[68] Pyrrolidine and piperidine quinazoline derivatives ...

https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/एल्कलॉएड

2S,16Z,18E,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25S,26S,27S,28E)-5,6,21,23,25-pentahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,11,16,20,22,24,26-octamethyl-2,7-( ... quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *Nalidixic acid‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... 4,5-e]pyrido[1,2-a]-benzimida-zole-1,15(2H)-dione,25-acetate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin

Options for prophylactic treatment include the quinolone antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin), azithromycin, and trimethoprim/ ... Quinolone antibiotics may bind to metallic cations such as bismuth, and should not be taken concurrently with bismuth ... nor concurrently with certain antibiotics such as the quinolones, and should not be taken continuously for more than three ... 31 Issue 4 (10/1/2000), p1079. *^ DuPont, H (2007). "Therapy for and Prevention of Traveler's Diarrhea". Clinical Infectious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montezuma's_Revenge_

Second, zinc oxide nanoparticles can interfere with Omf protein, which is responsible for the permeation of quinolone ... 98 (4): 041301-041301-103. Bibcode:2005JAP....98d1301O. doi:10.1063/1.1992666.. *^ a b c Klingshirn, C. (2007). "ZnO: Material ... 265 (3-4): 422-428. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2007.11.013.. *^ a b De Liedekerke, Marcel (2006) "2.3. Zinc Oxide (Zinc White): ... 978-0-86159-124-4. .. *^ a b Craddock, P. T. (2008). "Mining and Metallurgy, chapter 4". In Oleson, John Peter (ed.). The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_oxide

Ciprofloxacin is the most widely used of the second-generation quinolone antibiotics that came into clinical use in the late ... 4 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 May 2018.. *^ "Bayer's CEO Helge Wehmeier Faces Past and Fights for Future". ... Retrieved 4 September 2014.. *^ "Bayer Pesticide Plant Disaster, 2008, Institute, West Virginia". Semp.us. Archived from the ... 4 April 2014 Bayer Cropscience rebrands Nunhems *^ Ram HH and Yadava, R. Genetic Resources and Seed Enterprises: Management and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_CropScience

Simple derivatives of quinoline derivatives of 2-quinolones and 4-quinolone Anthranilic acid → 3-carboxyquinoline [118] ... 4 (7): 1151-1153. doi:10.1021/ol025560c.. *^ Morcillo, Sara P.; Miguel, Delia; Campaña, Araceli G.; Cienfuegos, Luis Álvarez de ... 3,4-Dihydro-4-quinazolone derivatives Anthranilic acid or phenylalanine or ornithine [111] Febrifugine[112] ... Derivatives of 1- and 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines [82] Cryptostilin [82][86] Derivatives of 5-naftil-isoquinoline [87] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid

2RS,3S,4S,5R)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-3,5-diamino-2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4, ... Quinolones: Nadifloxacin. *Streptogramin: Virginiamycin. *Rifamycin: Rifaximin. *other: Fusidic acid. *Bacitracin. *Tyrothricin ... doi:10.1016/0005-2736(89)90529-4. PMID 2537103.. *^ Waksman SA, Lechevalier HA, Harris DA (September 1949). "Neomycin- ... It is relatively toxic to humans, and many people have allergic reactions to it.[4] See: Hypersensitivity. Physicians sometimes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomycin

Andriole, VT The Quinolones. Academic Press, 1989. *^ Andersson MI, MacGowan AP (2003). "Development of the quinolones". ... Although not formally a quinolone, nalidixic acid is considered the first quinolone drug. It was introduced in 1962 for ... A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bactericides that share a bicyclic core structure related ... Quinolones are contraindicated if a patient has epilepsy, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome,[41] QT prolongation, pre-existing CNS lesions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroquinolone-associated_disability

... including the macrolides and quinolones, doxycycline and minocycline, and sulfonamides. Isolates of this mycobacterium are ... The term "fast growing" is a reference to a growth rate of 3 or 4 days, when compared to other Mycobacteria that may take weeks ... The guideline recommends "for serious skin, bone, and soft tissue M fortuitum disease, a minimum of 4 months of therapy with at ... Physiology Rapid growth on Löwenstein-Jensen media within 2-4 days. No growth at 45 °C, but grows on MacConkey agar. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_fortuitum

Glycopeptides, cephalosporins, and in particular, quinolones are associated with an increased risk of colonisation of MRSA. ... 10 (5): 941-4. doi:10.3201/eid1005.030604. PMC 3323224. PMID 15200838.. *^ a b c d "MRSA History Timeline: The First Half- ... 48 (1): 143-4. doi:10.1093/jac/48.1.143. PMID 11418528.. *^ a b Diep BA, Carleton HA, Chang RF, Sensabaugh GF, Perdreau- ... 13 (4): 594-600. doi:10.3201/eid1304.061316. PMC 2725977. PMID 17553275.. *^ Gould IM, David MZ, Esposito S, Garau J, Lina G, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSA

quinolones/. (inhibits. DNA replication). 1st g.. *Cinoxacin‡. *Flumequine‡. *Nalidixic acid‡. *Oxolinic acid‡ ... 113 (4): 355-7. doi:10.1017/s0022215100143968. PMID 10474673.. *^ Lawford R, Sorrell TC (August 1994). "Amebic abscess of the ... 17 (4): 343-6. doi:10.1097/00000433-199612000-00013. PMID 8947362.. *^ Gupta NK, Woodley CL, Fried R (October 1970). "Effect of ... 2-Methylimidazole is nitrated to give 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole (2), which is in turn alkylated with ethylene oxide or 2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole

According to studies, different sensitivities were reported for macrolides, rifampin, quinolones, metronidazole, vancomycin, ... Agents 29(4):367-373. *^ a b c Jolivet-Gougeon A, Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Desbordes L, Burggraeve N, Cormier M, Bonnaure-Mallet M. ... This condition increase alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, tooth mobility, and finally tooth loss.[4] It can cause other ... 29 (4): 367-73. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.10.005. ISSN 0924-8579. PMID 17250994.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnocytophaga

Andriole, VT The Quinolones. Academic Press, 1989.. *↑ Andersson, MI, MacGowan, AP. Development of the quinolones. J. ... Wentland MP: In memoriam: George Y. Lesher, Ph.D., in Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds): Quinolone antimicrobial agents, ed 2., ... 4] Nalidiksinsku kiselinu je otkrio Džordž Lešer sa saradnicima tokom pokušaja sinteze hlorohina.[5] ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorokinolon

The bacterium is sensitive to the majority of antibiotics, such as the penicillins, ampicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, ... Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a rod-shaped, Gram positive, non spore-forming, and nonmotile bacterium.[4] Although the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriae

For penicillin allergic people, aztreonam or a quinolone with metronidazole may be used. ... or a quinolone antibiotic (such as ciprofloxacin) and anaerobic bacteria coverage, such as metronidazole. ... Generally good with treatment[4]. More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is from blockage of the cystic duct by a ... Birth control pills, pregnancy, family history, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, rapid weight loss[4]. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystitis

It and 2-quinolone are the two most important parent (meaning simplified) quinolones. 4-Quinolone exists in equilibrium with a ... The hydroxyquinolines tautomerize to the quinolones. Andriole, VT The Quinolones. Academic Press, 1989. Shi, Pengfei; Wang, ... The chemical synthesis of quinolones often involves ring-closing reactions. Such reactions often install a hydroxyl group (an - ... Lili; Chen, Kehao; Wang, Jie; Zhu, Jin (2017). "Co(III)-Catalyzed Enaminone-Directed C-H Amidation for Quinolone Synthesis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Quinolone

... about 4-QUINOLONES. Search and download thousands of Swedish university dissertations. Full text. Free. ... Search for dissertations about: 4-Quinolones. Found 2 swedish dissertations containing the word 4-Quinolones. ... 4-Quinolones; 2-Aminoquinazolinones; Benzoxazinones; N-Acylguanidines; Type II NADH dehydrogenase; NDH-2; ...

https://www.dissertations.se/about/4-Quinolones/

Repair of quinolone-induced DNA damage occurs largely via recombination pathways. In many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to ... Thus, quinolone-topoisomerase biology is providing a model for understanding aspects of host-parasite interactions and ... The key event in quinolone action is reversible trapping of gyrase-DNA and topoisomerase IV-DNA complexes. Complex formation ... moderate levels of quinolone arises from mutation of the gyrase A protein and resistance to high levels of quinolone arises ...

https://mmbr.asm.org/content/61/3/377?ijkey=c77ee0a61ad273b390a6502e7fd71822af88f1cf&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

2-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, Intercellular signal compound (CAS 108985-27-9), with ,96% purity. Join researchers using our ... Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:11229-34 ( ... Biotic inactivation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal molecule.. Environ Microbiol 17:4352-65 (2015). Read more ( ...

https://www.abcam.com/2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone-intercellular-signal-compound-ab145430.html

... quinolone , C21H31NO2 , CID 600305 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/600305

These data show that the quinolone-resistant clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B has expanded to other countries. The increasing ... Expansion of quinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B from sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex ( ... These meningococci clustered into 4 sublineages (1-4); sublineage 1 primarily comprised of IMD isolates (41/50, 82%). Most ... we analyzed whole-genome sequence data from 173 CC4821 meningococci isolated from 4 continents during 1972-2019. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/4/20-3612-f3

... a time trend analysis of the pre-quinolone and quinolone eras. PLoS Med. 2015;12:e1001838, discussion e1001838. DOIPubMedGoogle ... Expansion of quinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B from sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex ( ... Although we did not identify a putative ancestor of the quinolone-resistant clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B in this study, we found ... meningococcal quinolone resistance originated from several commensal Neisseria species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64: ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/4/20-3612

A Controlled Trial of a 4-Month Quinolone-Containing Regimen for the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The safety and ... In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 4-month test gatifloxacin-containing regimen, comparison will be made with ... A Randomised Open-Label Controlled Trial of a 4-Month Gatifloxacin-Containing Regimen Versus Standard Regimen for the Treatment ... and all HIV infected patients at WHO stage 4. ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00216385

Buy 4-Quinolone-3-Carboxamide CB2 Ligand - CAS Number 1314230-69-7 from LGC Standards. Please login or register to view prices ...

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... quinolone (PQS), a quorum-sensing (QS) signal that regulates numerous virulence genes including those involved in iron ... Biophysical analysis revealed that 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolones form complexes with iron(III) at physiological … ... quinolone (PQS), a quorum-sensing (QS) signal that regulates numerous virulence genes including those involved in iron ... The Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-quinolone signal molecules HHQ and PQS play multifunctional roles in quorum sensing and iron ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17254955/?dopt=Abstract

Structure of PqsD, a Pseudomonas quinolone signal biosynthetic enzyme, in complex with anthranilate ... The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal ... The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal ... quinolone and 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone. These compounds are part of the quorum-sensing systems that is based on the production ...

https://brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=2.3.1.230

4. (. [. a. n. t. R. ]. o. ×. [. PrrF. ]. ). 2. ×. [. a. n. t. R. ]. o. (3) where KDR is the dissociation constant for the antR ... Two distinct pathways supply anthranilate as a precursor of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal. J Bacteriol 189:3425-3433. doi: ... These AQs include the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinolone (HHQ) quorum-sensing molecules, which ... Interference with Pseudomonas quinolone signal synthesis inhibits virulence factor expression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/200/10/e00704-17

... , E. N. Shu, K. N. ... Activity in vitro of the quinolones. In: Quinolone antimicrobial agents. Edited by D. C. Hooper, J. S. Wolfson. Washington DC: ... Detection of quinolones on thin layer chromatographic plates using sigma- and pi-acceptors in 1,4-dioxane. E. N. Shu1,*, K. N. ... Detection, quinolones, thin layer chromatography, sigma- and pi-acceptors. Introduction. Sigma- and pi-acceptors are aromatic ...

http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/detection-of-quinolones-on-thin-layer-chromatographic-plates-using-sigma-and-piacceptors-in-14dioxane.html

The quinolone-hydroxyquinoline tautomerism in quinolone 3-esters; preserving the 4-oxoquinoline structure to retain ... The quinolone-hydroxyquinoline tautomerism in quinolone 3-esters; preserving the 4-oxoquinoline structure to retain ... The quinolone-hydroxyquinoline tautomerism in quinolone 3-esters; preserving the 4-oxoquinoline structure to retain ... The difference between the lowest energy hydroxyquinoline and quinolone forms is 27 and 38 kJ mol-1, for 5Me-HQE and 7Me-OQE, ...

https://www.ihmt.unl.pt/publications/the-quinolone-hydroxyquinoline-tautomerism-in-quinolone-3-esters-preserving-the-4-oxoquinoline-structure-to-retain-antimalarials-activity/

This study proposed to investigate the frequency of quinolone-resistance plasmid genes and the O-antigen serogroup among UPEC ... Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also increasingly identified in UPEC. ... The extent of quinolone-resistant genes in gram-negative bacteria like UPEC is a big concern for KTPs [1]. Quinolone resistance ... D. C. Hooper and G. A. Jacoby, "Mechanisms of drug resistance: quinolone resistance," Annals of the New York Academy of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/2850183/

Overview of Quinolones, General information, Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Classification, Therapeutic use, Adverse ... Overview of Quinolones. by Mohammed Haneef 1. General information. 1.1. Synthetic antimicrobial agents. 1.2. First quinolone ... treated by quinolones. 5.4. Respiratory tract infections. 5.4.1. treated by respiratory fluroquinolones. 5.4.1.1. gemifloxacin ... 6.1.4. rashes. 6.1.5. insomnia. 6.1.6. dizziness. 6.1.7. headache. 6.2. hypo/hyperglycemia with gatifloxacin in old people. 6.3 ...

https://www.mindmeister.com/164425379/overview-of-quinolones

Get Quinolones at Spectrum Chemical. SpectrumChemical.com carries a full line of fine chemicals, lab appliances and lab ... 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid TCI-C2293 , 86393-33-1 , C13H9ClFO3N , TCI America ... TCI-E0762 , 84294-96-2 , C15H17FN4O3•11/2H2O , TCI America Enoxacin Sesquihydrate ... TCI-L0193 , 100986-85-4 , C18H20FN3O4•1/2H2O , TCI America Levofloxacin ...

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The quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics. The term quinolone(s) refers to potent synthetic ... Quinolones in comparison to other antibiotic classes have the highest risk of causing colonization with MRSA and Clostridium ... The first generation of the quinolones begins with the introduction of nalidixic acid in 1962 for treatment of urinary tract ... The majority of quinolones in clinical use belong to the subset of fluoroquinolones, which have a fluorine atom attached to the ...

http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Quinolone.html

The small RNA PhrS stimulates synthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal. Authors. *. Elisabeth Sonnleitner,. ... 4. Matthias Gimpel, Sabine Brantl, Dual-function small regulatory RNAs in bacteria, Molecular Microbiology, 2017, 103, 3, 387. ... MMI_7620_sm_FigS1-4_TableS1-2.pdf207K. Supporting info item. ... 4, e1005975. CrossRef. *16. Lucía Fernández, Elena B. M. ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07620.x/abstract

Quinolone antibiotic at Curlie Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs)- Quinolones and the Clinical Laboratory CDC Information ... Although not formally a quinolone, nalidixic acid is considered the first quinolone drug. It was introduced in 1962 for ... VT The Quinolones. Academic Press, 1989. Andersson MI, MacGowan AP (May 2003). "Development of the quinolones". The Journal of ... A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic

4-quinolone antibiotics: Positive genotoxic screening tests despite an apparent lack of mutation induction. Forskningsoutput: ... The effects of different 4-quinolone antibiotic derivatives (4-Qs) in a number of short-term tests commonly employed for the ... for most of the tested 4-Qs, whereas DNA strand breakage in lymphoblastoid cells was evident only for ciprofloxacin (10 μg/ml ... by focuding attention on the conflicting effects imposed by the 4-Qs on a battery of such tests. ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/portal/sv/publications/4quinolone-antibiotics

quinolone any chemical compound having 2-quinolone or 4-quinolone skeleton in its structure ... Quinolone (en-ca); Chinoloni (it); quinolone (fr); Kinoloonid (et); Kinolon (sv); 喹诺酮 (zh-hans); quinolona (pt); Hinolon (sr-el ... quinolones (en); chinolony (pl); Kinoloner (nb); Quinolone, Quinolon, Quinolonen, Chinolonen (nl) ... Media in category "Quinolones". The following 35 files are in this category, out of 35 total. ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quinolones

... ... 7-[(3r)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/pdb/3FOE

Coli MIC of Quinolone Derivatives. In: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Urology with special reference to the new Quinolones. ... Chin NX, Neu HC (1983) In vitro activity of enoxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid, compared with those of norfloxacin, new ß- ... Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Urology with special reference to the new Quinolones pp 43-46 , Cite as ... The Influence of Various Body Fluids and pH on E. Coli MIC of Quinolone Derivatives. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-85422-4_9

Pseudomonas quinolone signal;. 3-oxo-C12-HSL,. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone;. C4-HSL,. N-butyryl-l-homoserine ... 1998) in Quinolone Antibacterials, eds Kuhlmann J, Dalhoff A, Zeiler H-J(Springer, Berlin), pp 1-11. ... 1998) in Quinolone Antibacterials, eds Kuhlmann J, Dalhoff A, Zeiler H-J(Springer, Berlin), pp 119-166. ... Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Everett C. Pesci, Jared B. J. Milbank, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/96/20/11229?ijkey=55c6a6ad486c8cb3d1824010b9e412ff82263cac&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

encoded search term (What is the role of quinolones and TMP-SMZ in the treatment of Enterobacter infections?) and What is the ... What is the role of quinolones and TMP-SMZ in the treatment of Enterobacter infections?. Updated: Jun 18, 2019 ... role of quinolones and TMP-SMZ in the treatment of Enterobacter infections? What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions ... Emergence in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates of the VIM-4 metallo-beta-lactamase encoded by a ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/216845-63138/what-is-the-role-of-quinolones-and-tmp-smz-in-the-treatment-of-enterobacter-infections

Voreloxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative, acts synergistically with cytarabine in vitro and induces bone ... Voreloxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing ... Voreloxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative, acts synergistically with cytarabine in vitro and induces bone ... Voreloxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative, acts synergistically with cytarabine in vitro and induces bone ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20058009?dopt=Abstract

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Antibiotic, Quinolone. Class Summary. The quinolone class antibiotics are no longer considered effective against GCU due to ... 45] Quinolone-resistant GCU is also more prevalent in men who have sex with men. Because of increasing resistance, quinolones ( ... Quinolone resistance has increase worldwide, now approximately 21%, [43] and is common in Asia, the Pacific, Europe, and the ... 54, 55, 56] although there is concern for emerging quinolone resistance [5, 18, 15, 16] ). Other choices could include 7 days ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/778374-medication

Regulation of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dana S. Wade, M. Worth Calfee, Edson R. Rocha, ... Regulation of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dana S. Wade, M. Worth Calfee, Edson R. Rocha, ... Regulation of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dana S. Wade, M. Worth Calfee, Edson R. Rocha, ... Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA96:11229- ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/187/13/4372?ijkey=7ea5f0a631d0cb3be011d85a438f0c74619e40fe&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Aside from pedagogical interest, 4-Quinolone is of little intrinsic value but its derivatives, the 4-quinolone antibiotics represent a large class of important drugs. (wikipedia.org)
The quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics . (princeton.edu)
Nearly all quinolone antibiotics in use are fluoroquinolones, which contain a fluorine atom in their chemical structure and are effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In a study comparing the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin to that of azithromycin or ceftriaxone in 712 children with community-acquired pneumonia, serious adverse events were experienced by 6% of those treated with levofloxacin and 4% of those treated with comparator antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Using some quinolone antibiotics with your diabetes medicine may make your blood sugar too low. (webmd.com)
Quinolones, and the fluoroquinolones subgroup, are a class of antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of a wide variety of infections. (springer.com)
We also discuss quinolone resistance and how quinolone treatment can lead to resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics. (mdpi.com)
Antibiotics can for instance inhibit protein synthesis, like aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, macrolide, streptothricin, and tetracycline or interact with the synthesis of DNA and RNA, such as quinolone and rifampin. (frontiersin.org)
Plasmid-determined quinolone resistance contributes to the increasing quinolone resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates and to the linkage previously observed between resistance to quinolones and the latest β-lactam antibiotics. (asm.org)
In conclusion, the effective hepatic uptake of quinolone antibiotics are via carrier-mediated active transport, which is distinct from that involved in the transport of bile acids, organic anions, organic cations or neutral steroids. (aspetjournals.org)
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, some potential virulence genes of APECs isolated from Northeast of Iran and their resistance to the quinolones antibiotics were studied. (sid.ir)
What are 4 of the main adverse effects of antibiotics? (brainscape.com)
Quinolone Antibiotics: Are They Safe and Effective? (ahefv.com)
What are Quinolone Antibiotics? (ahefv.com)
Quinolones are synthetic bactericidal antibiotics that can affect a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. (ahefv.com)
However, in severe acute cases of bacterial prostatitis or pyelonephritis, quinolone antibiotics are recommended as first-line therapy. (ahefv.com)
Most of quinolone antibiotics are fluoroquinolones that have a chemical structure with a fluorine atom, which is effective against different bacteria, including gram-negative and gram-positive. (ahefv.com)
The quinolone group of antibiotics was discovered in the 1960s, which caused a significant interest right away. (ahefv.com)
The modern quinolone antibiotics are believed to be safe and to have a low risk of side effects. (ahefv.com)
But still, the use of these medications causes a range of doubts and questions because it is hard not to pay attention to a range of side effects caused during the use of quinolone antibiotics. (ahefv.com)
Also, the FDA regularly publishes new safety warnings regarding the use of quinolone antibiotics. (ahefv.com)
For instance, in the UK, the use of quinolone antibiotics by children is strictly restricted. (ahefv.com)
A range of studies was conducted in order to determine the safety of quinolone antibiotics if compared to other similar treatments. (ahefv.com)
The use of quinolone antibiotics may be recommended in case of the infection caused by highly antibiotic resistant bacteria, or if oral therapy or parenteral administration is preferred. (ahefv.com)
Quinolones are the commonly used class of antibiotics in the world that are able to treat a wide range of various bacterial infections, and that is why they have been prescribed quite often, which naturally led to the occurrence of quinolone-resistant bacteria. (ahefv.com)
4 Influence of Antibiotics on the Cell Surface of Escherichia coli H. Leying, S. Suerbaum, H.-P. Kroll, J. Gmeiner, and W. Opferkuch. (springer.com)

Quinolones in comparison to other antibiotic classes have the highest risk of causing colonization with MRSA and Clostridium difficile . (princeton.edu)
A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. (wikipedia.org)
The effects of different 4-quinolone antibiotic derivatives (4-Qs) in a number of short-term tests commonly employed for the evaluation of genetic toxicity were studied. (lu.se)
This molecule belongs to the 4-quinolone chemical family, which is best known for the antibiotic activity of many of its members. (pnas.org)
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolated in the Southeast Coastal Region of China," Helicobacter , vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 274-279, 2013. (hindawi.com)
Fluorescence quenching as a tool to investigate quinolone antibiotic interactions with bacterial protein OmpF. (ebscohost.com)

The chemical synthesis of quinolones often involves ring-closing reactions. (wikipedia.org)
An example of such a synthesis is the Camps cyclization, which, depending on starting materials and reaction conditions, can give both 2-hydroxyquinolines (B) and 4-hydroxyquinolines (A) as shown. (wikipedia.org)
We describe the synthesis, structure, photochemistry, and activity against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strain Dd2 of ethyl 4-oxo-7-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (7Me-OQE) and ethyl 4-hydroxy-5-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (5Me-HQE), obtained from diethyl 2-[((3-methylphenyl)amino)methylene]malonate. (unl.pt)
We also show that the synthesis and bioactivity of Pseudomonas quinolone signal were mediated by the P. aeruginosa las and rhl quorum sensing systems, respectively. (pnas.org)
Similarly, in the rhl system, RhlI catalyzes the synthesis of the C 4 -HSL signal molecule, which binds to and activates the transcriptional activator protein RhlR ( 7 , 8 ). (pnas.org)
For example, quinolones differ in rate and extent of killing, in the need for aerobic metabolism to kill cells, and in the effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on quinolone lethality. (asm.org)
Synthesis of Some 4-Quinolones and Related Structures for Evaluation as Potential Anti-Malarial Agents. (dtic.mil)
The synthesis of 5 or 7-substituted pyrrolo[3,2- b ]quinolones in near quantitative yields was also achieved through deprotection and aromatization of N 1 -Boc-dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b ]quinolones. (mdpi.com)

Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are both 4-quinolones containing a carboxylic acid moiety in the 3 position of the basic ring structure, a fluorine substituent at position 6, and a piperazine moiety at position 7 [ 12 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Quinolones, in particular, ciprofloxacin, is one of the agents frequently utilized for treatment of UTIs. (hindawi.com)
Incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes was strongly enhanced at a low concentration (1.56 μg/ml) for most of the tested 4-Qs, whereas DNA strand breakage in lymphoblastoid cells was evident only for ciprofloxacin (10 μg/ml and upwards), ofloxacin (80 μg/ml) and norfloxacin (160 μg/ml). (lu.se)
Because of increasing resistance, quinolones (eg, ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO single dose, levofloxacin 250 mg PO single dose, or ofloxacin 400 mg PO single dose) are not currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine or alternative regimens. (medscape.com)
Double substitutions in gyr A (Ser83-Phe + Asp87-Gly) as well as par C (Thr57-Ser + Ser80-Ile) subunits of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) were detected in all S. Kentucky isolates with high level resistance to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. (springer.com)
Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and ciprofloxacin resistance in pediatric bloodstream isolates of Enterobacteriaceae over a 9-year period. (medworm.com)
Five plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for ciprofloxacin were tested for all the strains. (medworm.com)
However, as with other quinolones, Ciprofloxacin has been shown to cause arthropathy in immature animals and therefore, its use during pregnancy is not recommended. (bissoy.com)
Twenty-one ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were analysed for mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR), acquired quinolone resistance (AQR) genes and the role of efflux pumps in resistance. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The association between fluoroquinolones and arthropathy was primarily described in immature animals, and only rarely in humans, yet it has led to the restricted use of quinolones during pregnancy. (springer.com)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS), a quorum-sensing (QS) signal that regulates numerous virulence genes including those involved in iron scavenging. (nih.gov)
This study proposed to investigate the frequency of quinolone-resistance plasmid genes and the O-antigen serogroup among UPEC isolated from KTPs and non-KTP with UTI. (hindawi.com)
The extent of quinolone-resistant genes in gram-negative bacteria like UPEC is a big concern for KTPs [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, we report the isolation of an E. coli strain harboring virulence genes and genes conferring resistance to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins from a 2010 food poisoning outbreak involving 112 adult students in China. (asm.org)
Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams ( n = 43) were tested for genes encoding for beta-lactamase enzymes, and those resistant to quinolones ( n = 29) for mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as well as plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes using PCR and sequencing. (springer.com)
Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes investigated were not detected in any of the isolates. (springer.com)
This work aimed to investigate the association of the carriage of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, the virulence potential encoded in pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and the phylogenetic background in Escherichia coli strains isolated from waters of diverse origin. (iwaponline.com)
Quinolone resistance genes are frequently located on the same plasmid as the ESBL genes. (wikipedia.org)

Gasser T.C., Larsen E.H., Dørflinger T., Madsen P.O. (1992) The Influence of Various Body Fluids and pH on E. Coli MIC of Quinolone Derivatives. (springer.com)
One of the attractive features of the quinolones is their ability to kill bacteria rapidly, an ability that differs widely among the various derivatives. (asm.org)
Understanding the mechanisms underlying these differences could lead to new ways for identifying the most bactericidal quinolone derivatives. (asm.org)
Reversibility can be used to distinguish among quinolone derivatives and assign functions to particular aspects of drug structure. (asm.org)
Quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives are synthetic antimicrobial agents. (merckvetmanual.com)
Abstract Condensation of rhodanine (1) with pyrazol-3(2H)-one derivatives (2a-f) gave 5-substituted-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (3a-f). (medworm.com)
The quinolone derivatives exhibited pronounced activity against the epidemic MRSA strains (EMRSA-15 and -16) with MIC values of 2-128 mg/L (5.3-364.7 µM), and M. bovis BCG with an MIC value of 25 mg/L (66.0-77.4 µM). (uea.ac.uk)
However, the systemic administration of some quinolones has been shown to elevate plasma concentrations of theophylline, interfere with the metabolism of caffeine, and enhance the effects of the oral anticoagulant warfarin and its derivatives, and has been associated with transient elevations in serum creatinine in patients receiving systemic cyclosporine concomitantly. (bissoy.com)
Nalidixic acid was the first quinolone, and today many derivatives exist on the market. (ahefv.com)

Biotic inactivation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal molecule. (abcam.com)
Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (abcam.com)
We report here that P. aeruginosa produces another signal molecule, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, which has been designated as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal. (pnas.org)
The third P. aeruginosa intercellular signal is a quinolone compound that was identified as 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (the Pseudomonas quinolone signal [PQS]) ( 37 ). (asm.org)
17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Alterations Induced by Low Concentrations of 4-Quinolones M. T. Labro, A. Bryskier, C. Babin-Chevaye, and J. Hakim. (springer.com)

Quinolone resistance was transferred from seven of the eight probe-positive strains. (asm.org)
Transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance associated with qnr is now widely distributed in quinolone-resistant clinical strains of K. pneumoniae in the United States. (asm.org)
Although our previous study showed that qnr was present in 8% of quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of E. coli from Shanghai, China ( 19 ), surveys for the presence of qnr are few, and in those few surveys qnr has rarely been found in clinical strains from other areas of the world ( 6 , 15 ). (asm.org)
More information on the prevalence of qnr in clinical strains is needed to understand its importance and contribution to the development of quinolone resistance. (asm.org)
In 2009, 4 strains were ESBL compared to 19 in 2010. (ajol.info)
qnr A was the only PMQR detected in 16% of strains, susceptible to quinolones and grouped in phylogenetic lineage B1. (iwaponline.com)
Endochin-like quinolones (ELQ) were prepared by a novel chemical route and assessed for in vitro activity against multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and against malaria infections in mice. (elsevier.com)
To gain further insight into the structural requirements of the aliphatic group at position 2 for their antimycobacterial activity, some N-alkyl-4-(1H)-quinolones bearing position 2 alkynyls with various chain length and triple bond positions were prepared and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against rapidly-growing strains of mycobacteria, the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, EMRSA-15 and -16. (uea.ac.uk)
The in vitro activity of eight antimicrobial agents, including four quinolones, against 108 strains of enteropathogens was determined. (eurekamag.com)
All strains were susceptible to the quinolones. (eurekamag.com)

Extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones are widely used for diarrheagenic E. coli , but E. coli isolates are increasingly resistant to these antimicrobials ( 11 ). (asm.org)
Over half of the quinolone resistant isolates in the current study 17 (58.6%) were also resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antimicrobials. (springer.com)
Isolates with double mutations in gyrA codons 83 and 87 are the major type of quinolone-resistant Salmonella isolated from swine in Taiwan. (scribd.com)
The gene responsible for plasmid-mediated resistance, qnr , was found on plasmids varying in size from 54 to ≥180 kb in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from which low-level quinolone resistance could be transferred to a sensitive recipient by conjugation ( 11 , 19 ). (asm.org)
Quinolone resistance is found with surprisingly high frequency (18% to 56%) in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates ( 4 , 8 , 14 ). (asm.org)
2013;66(2):151-4 Authors: Kim NH, Choi EH, Sung JY, Oh CE, Kim HB, Kim EC, Lee HJ Abstract A total of 279 isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 128) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 151) were obtained from blood samples from children at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea from 1999 to 2007. (medworm.com)
Quinolone resistance was recently reported in bacterial isolates from aquatic products, but the molecular mechanisms for resistance were still unknown. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Examines the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to newer quinolones. (ebscohost.com)

DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. (asm.org)
Moreover, topoisomerase IV is a target of the 4-quinolones, antibacterial agents that had previously been thought to target only gyrase. (asm.org)
The key event in quinolone action is reversible trapping of gyrase-DNA and topoisomerase IV-DNA complexes. (asm.org)
In many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to moderate levels of quinolone arises from mutation of the gyrase A protein and resistance to high levels of quinolone arises from mutation of a second gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV site. (asm.org)
Thus, quinolone-topoisomerase biology is providing a model for understanding aspects of host-parasite interactions and providing ways to investigate manipulation of the bacterial chromosome by topoisomerases. (asm.org)
DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV are named as the primary and secondary targets for quinolones [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Qnr proteins are protecting target enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of quinolone inhibition [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Voreloxin is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing site-selective DNA damage. (nih.gov)
The intracellular targets of the quinolones are two DNA topoisomerases: gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (asm.org)
Gyrase tends to be the primary target in gram-negative bacteria, while topoisomerase IV is preferentially inhibited by most quinolones in gram-positive organisms ( 28 ). (asm.org)
In the present minireview we consider cell death through a two-part "poison" hypothesis in which the quinolones form reversible drug-topoisomerase-DNA complexes that subsequently lead to several types of irreversible (lethal) damage. (asm.org)
Other consequences of quinolone treatment, such as depletion of gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity, are probably less immediate ( 42 ). (asm.org)
To provide a framework for considering quinolone lethality, we begin by briefly describing the drug-topoisomerase-DNA complexes. (asm.org)
In order to examine the inhibitory activities of quinolones against topoisomerase IV, both subunits of this enzyme, ParC and ParE, were purified from Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
Although topoisomerase IV was less sensitive to quinolones than DNA gyrase, the 50% inhibitory concentrations for decatenation were significantly lower than those for type I topoisomerases. (nih.gov)
These results imply that topoisomerase IV could be a target for the quinolones in intact bacteria and that quinolones could inhibit not only supercoiling of DNA gyrase but also decatenation of topoisomerase IV when high concentrations of drug exist in bacterial cells. (nih.gov)
The quinolones inhibit bacterial enzyme topoisomerases, including topoisomerase II (otherwise known as DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. (merckvetmanual.com)
Quinolones are able to convert their targets, topoisomerase IV, and gyrase into toxic enzymes to fragment the chromosome of bacteria. (ahefv.com)
Quinolones resistance is a cause of mutations in topoisomerase IV and gyrase, which does not allow quinolones and enzymes to interact properly. (ahefv.com)

For example, the quinolone nucleus contains a carboxylic acid group at position 3 and an exocyclic oxygen at position 4 (hence the term 4-quinolones), which are believed to be the active DNA-gyrase binding sites. (merckvetmanual.com)
A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. (ebi.ac.uk)

The comparative effectiveness and safety of macrolides, quinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanate (A/C) for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) was evaluated in the present study. (ersjournals.com)
Macrolides, quinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanate may be considered equivalent for the treatment of patients with an acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in terms of short-term effectiveness. (ersjournals.com)
Quinolones are associated with better microbiological success and fewer recurrences of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis than macrolides, while amoxicillin/clavulanate is associated with more adverse effects than both comparators. (ersjournals.com)
In a sense, quinolones trap the bacterial type II topoisomerases on DNA ( 17 , 23 , 73 , 75 ) (Fig. 1 , step b 2 ). (asm.org)

Norfloxacin: a new quinolone. (cmaj.ca)

Quinolones are a group of artificial antimicrobial agents with a broad antibacterial activity, frequently used as a treatment in patients with UTI. (hindawi.com)
Synergic effect of quinolone antibacterial agents and proton pump inhibitors on Helicobacter pylori ," Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1039-1040, 2002. (hindawi.com)
Exploration of a terminal bromine atom at the side chain of N-alkyl-2-(E)-alkenyl-4-(1H)-quinolones showed improved antimycobacterial activity whereas a cyclopropyl residue at N-1 was suggested to be detrimental to antibacterial activity. (uea.ac.uk)
The present invention is directed to a lyophilized preparation which contains a synthetic quinolone antibacterial compound and, as a solo additive, a pH-adjusting agent, and which exhibits an excellent reconstituting property. (patents.com)
The invention provides a method for producing a lyophilized preparation containing a synthetic quinolone antibacterial compound as an active ingredient, characterized by including, sequentially, cooling an aqueous solution containing a synthetic quinolone antibacterial compound and a pH-adjusting agent to yield a frozen product, elevating the temperature of the frozen product, and re-cooling the resultant to prepare the lyophilized preparation. (patents.com)

We report an atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O127a:K63 strain with resistance to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins isolated from a 2010 food poisoning outbreak involving 112 adults in China. (asm.org)
Recipient(s) will receive an email with a link to 'Association of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and virulence markers in Escherichia coli isolated from water' and will not need an account to access the content. (iwaponline.com)

A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the safety of quinolone exposure during any time of pregnancy, and during first trimester alone, was performed. (springer.com)

Beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment of infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and other pathogens. (springer.com)

4.Floxin (ofloxacin) US prescribing information. (webmd.com)

There was no difference regarding treatment success in intention-to-treat and clinically evaluable patients between macrolides and quinolones, A/C and quinolones or A/C and macrolides. (ersjournals.com)
The treatment success in microbiologically evaluable patients was lower for macrolides compared with quinolones (odds ratio (OR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.69). (ersjournals.com)
Adverse effects in general were similar between macrolides and quinolones. (ersjournals.com)
Macrolides, quinolones and A/C have been used extensively for the management of patients with ABECB. (ersjournals.com)
The present study sought to further clarify the role of broader spectrum antimicrobial agents for the treatment of patients with ABECB by performing a meta-analysis of RCTs that compared macrolides with quinolones, A/C with quinolones or A/C with macrolides in this population. (ersjournals.com)

Acquisition of bla TEM was the principal beta-lactamase resistance mechanism and mutations within QRDR of gyr A and par C were the primary mechanism for resistance to quinolones. (springer.com)
Quinolone resistance is usually caused by chromosomal mutations, but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance has been discovered recently. (asm.org)

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also increasingly identified in UPEC. (hindawi.com)
Quinolone resistance ( qnr ) is caused by several mechanisms which plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is one of the most important of them. (hindawi.com)

Recent publications report in vitro activity of quinolone 3-esters against the bc1 protein complex of Plasmodium falciparum and the parasite. (unl.pt)

Objective Pseudomonasaeruginosa resistance to quinolones and around symbiotic bacteria resistant plasmids each chromosome metastasis . (bvsalud.org)

[ 15 ] or the extended azithromycin regimen (500 mg initially, then 250 mg daily for 4 days orally). (medscape.com)
Moreover, a retrospective analysis of patients with ABECB showed that the administration of a broader spectrum antimicrobial agent (azithromycin, quinolone or amoxicillin/clavulanate (A/C)) was associated with fewer clinical failures compared with the use of first-line agents (mainly amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, and doxycycline) 15 . (ersjournals.com)

Background: The first report on the transferable, plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinant qnrA1 was in 1998. (ebscohost.com)

Both enzymes use a double-strand DNA passage mechanism, and it is likely that quinolone biochemistry is similar for both. (asm.org)

Biophysical analysis revealed that 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolones form complexes with iron(III) at physiological pH. (nih.gov)
The trans -chelating bis(oxazoline) ligand ( R , R )-4,6-dibenzofurandiyl-2,2′-bis(4-phenyloxazoline) [( R , R )-DBFOX/Ph] coordinates metal ions to give C 2 -symmetric complexes which effectively catalyze a variety of asymmetric reactions. (rsc.org)

However, physiological differences between the enzymes exist, some of which may bear on quinolone lethality. (asm.org)

However, in cases of invasive complicated salmonellosis, treatment with beta-lactam antimicrobials such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone and quinolone drugs are employed as lifesaving agents [ 5 ]. (springer.com)

étudier la sensibilité des souches d' E. coli aux β-lactamines et quinolones. (ajol.info)
coli when it comes to quinolone resistance. (sid.ir)

The first generation of the quinolones begins with the introduction of nalidixic acid in 1962 for treatment of urinary tract infections in humans. (princeton.edu)
Nalidixic acid, considered a first-generation drug, is the earliest of the quinolones. (merckvetmanual.com)
Nalidixic acid was the less active quinolone. (eurekamag.com)

4.Levaquin (levofloxacin) US prescribing information. (webmd.com)
In patients with a history of hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, to other quinolones, or to any of the components in this medication. (bissoy.com)

Expansion of quinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis clone China CC4821-R1-C/B from sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex (CC4821) caused a serogroup shift from serogroup A to serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in China. (cdc.gov)
These data show that the quinolone-resistant clone China CC4821-R1-C/B has expanded to other countries. (cdc.gov)
Although no quinolone resistance was identified in CC4821 in China during 1965-1985, high-frequency resistance (79%) occurred from 2005 onward due to expansion of the quinolone-resistant clone China CC4821-R1-C/B ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
[ 45 ] Quinolone-resistant GCU is also more prevalent in men who have sex with men. (medscape.com)
NARMS Human Isolate Reports for 1996 through 2010 used susceptible ≤1 µg/mL, intermediate 2 µg/mL, and resistant ≥4 µg/mL. (cdc.gov)
Medicines for Malaria Venture is investigating 4-quinolone prodrugs including pP4Q-414 (structure shown) and pP4Q-435, for the potential treatment of multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (newdrugapprovals.org)

Administration of A/C was associated with more adverse effects (mainly diarrhoea) than quinolones (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.85). (ersjournals.com)

The PrrF sRNAs promote the production of 2-akyl-4(1 H )-quinolone metabolites (AQs) that mediate a range of biological activities, including quorum sensing and polymicrobial interactions. (asm.org)
Docking studies performed in silico at the yeast Qo site established a key role for the 4-oxo and N-H groups in drug-target interactions. (unl.pt)

Endochin-like-quinolones (ELQs) are preclinical compounds that are efficacious against apicomplexan-caused diseases including toxoplasmosis, malaria and babesiosis. (blogspot.com)

P. aeruginosa virulence depends on a multitude of virulence factors that include exotoxins ( 1 - 3 ), cell-to-cell communication via quorum-sensing factors ( 4 - 6 ), and nutrient acquisition systems ( 7 ). (asm.org)
Subsequently, the expression of lasB also was shown to be controlled by C 4 -HSL and RhlR, indicating that both known P. aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals were involved in the regulation of this major virulence factor ( 4 , 10 - 12 ). (pnas.org)
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone), also regulates numerous virulence factors. (asm.org)
There is no association between lack of virulence and resistance to quinolones inE. (sid.ir)

by contrast, biliary excretion is a major route of elimination for a new quinolone grepafloxacin (GPFX). (aspetjournals.org)

The demonstration that 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone can function as an intercellular signal sheds light on the role of secondary metabolites and shows that P. aeruginosa cell-to-cell signaling is not restricted to acyl-homoserine lactones. (pnas.org)

The need for effective prophylactic agents in plasmodial infections in humans made it desirable to explore the antimalarial effect of a series of compounds chemically related to endochin 2-methyl-3-n-heptyl-7-methoxy-41H-quinolone. (dtic.mil)
The authors have synthesized and submitted for prophylactic as well as therapeutic antimalarial evaluation some new 41H-quinolones and 4-hydroxyl-l, 5-naphthyridines, all related to endochin but whose structures were sufficiently modified to incorporate the present knowledge as to the nature and position of substituents more likely to enhance antiplasmodial activity. (dtic.mil)
Here we describe the pathway to discovery of a potent class of orally active antimalarial 4(1H)-quinolone-3-diarylethers. (elsevier.com)

NTS infection is commonly associated with consumption of contaminated food of animal origin such as poultry products, beef and pork as well as contact with infected animals [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
Although quinolone resistance commonly results from chromosomal mutation, recent studies indicate that such resistance can also be transferred on plasmids carrying the gene responsible, qnr . (asm.org)

Organisms25

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes11

Health Care1

In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. (1/269)

Cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa topoisomerase IV. (2/269)

Impact of gyrA and parC mutations on quinolone resistance, doubling time, and supercoiling degree of Escherichia coli. (3/269)

Penetration of moxifloxacin into peripheral compartments in humans. (4/269)

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in burn patients. (5/269)

Activity of moxifloxacin against mycobacteria. (6/269)

Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (7/269)

Purification and inhibition by quinolones of DNA gyrases from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum bv. peregrinum. (8/269)

Quinolones

4-Quinolones

Anti-Infective Agents

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin

Naphthyridines

Ofloxacin

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Norfloxacin

Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

DNA Gyrase

DNA Topoisomerase IV

Enoxacin

Quinolines

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Nalidixic Acid

Levofloxacin

Drug Resistance, Microbial

DNA Topoisomerases, Type II

Pefloxacin

Aza Compounds

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Fleroxacin

DNA, Superhelical

Oxolinic Acid

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Dermatitis, Phototoxic

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

Macrolides

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Bacteria, Anaerobic

Oxazines

Bacteria

Clopidol

DNA, Bacterial

Bacterial Infections

Novobiocin

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mutation

Bartonella bacilliformis

Evodia

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Structure-Activity Relationship

Drug Resistance, Multiple

Tetracyclines

Genes, Bacterial

Ornidazole

Aminoglycosides

Cephalosporins

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Bacterial Proteins

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

beta-Lactams

Bacteria, Aerobic

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

Quinazolinones

Plasmids

Chloramphenicol

Quinolizines

Bronchitis, Chronic

Lactams

Bacteroides fragilis

Enterobacteriaceae

SOS Response (Genetics)

Mycobacterium avium Complex

Escherichia coli Infections

Ureaplasma

Imipenem

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Colony Count, Microbial

Penicillin Resistance

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Drug Utilization

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins

Mycobacterium

Spiro Compounds