4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.Butyrophenones: Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone.Streptomyces: A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.Maturation-Promoting Factor: Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meiosis it induces immature oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation. In mitosis it has a role in the G2/M phase transition. Once activated by CYCLINS; MPF directly phosphorylates some of the proteins involved in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and the degradation of cyclins. The catalytic subunit of MPF is PROTEIN P34CDC2.Cyclin-Dependent Kinases: Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.Meiosis: A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Oocytes: Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.Butylene Glycols: 4-carbon straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with two hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups cannot be on the same carbon atom.Olfactometry: Procedures for measuring a response to odorants.Solvents: Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Odors: The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Furans: Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.Hemoglobin C: A commonly occurring abnormal hemoglobin in which lysine replaces a glutamic acid residue at the sixth position of the beta chains. It results in reduced plasticity of erythrocytes.Databases, Chemical: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific chemicals.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Surgical Mesh: Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.Dictionaries, ChemicalNational Library of Medicine (U.S.): An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.Small Molecule Libraries: Large collections of small molecules (molecular weight about 600 or less), of similar or diverse nature which are used for high-throughput screening analysis of the gene function, protein interaction, cellular processing, biochemical pathways, or other chemical interactions.Nerve Growth Factor: NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.PC12 Cells: A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.Neurites: In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.Nerve Growth Factors: Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.Receptor, trkA: A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; neurotrophin 4, neurotrophin 5. It plays a crucial role in pain sensation and thermoregulation in humans. Gene mutations that cause loss of receptor function are associated with CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN WITH ANHIDROSIS, while gene rearrangements that activate the protein-tyrosine kinase function are associated with tumorigenesis.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Acetoin: A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.Diacetyl: Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods.Hydroxybutyrates: Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid.Metabolic Engineering: Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).TextilesColoring Agents: Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests: A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent.Azo CompoundsCommerce: The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)Fluorescent Dyes: Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Undaria: A genus of BROWN ALGAE, in the family Alariaceae, native to Japan, Korea, and China. The edible SEAWEED Undaria pinnatifida is also called wakame.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Database Management Systems: Software designed to store, manipulate, manage, and control data for specific uses.Databases, Genetic: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.Anhydrides: Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water.Maleic Hydrazide: 1,2-Dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. A herbicide and plant growth regulator; also used to control suckering of tobacco. Its residue in food and tobacco is highly toxic, causing CNS disturbances and liver damage.MaleatesPyran Copolymer: Copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride that acts as an immunostimulant with antineoplastic and anti-infective properties. It is used in combination with other antineoplastic agents.Succinic Anhydrides: A subclass of anhydrides with the general structure of dihydrofurandione. They can be substituted on any carbon atom. They modify and inhibit proteins and enzymes and are used in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups.Phthalic Anhydrides: Phthalic acid anhydrides. Can be substituted on any carbon atom. Used extensively in industry and as a reagent in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups.
Contact dermatitis in Alstroemeria workers. (1/836)
Hand dermatitis is common in workers in the horticultural industry. This study determined the prevalence of hand dermatitis in workers of Alstroemeria cultivation, investigated how many workers had been sensitized by tulipalin A (the allergen in Alstroemeria) and took stock of a wide range of determinants of hand dermatitis. The 12-month period prevalence of major hand dermatitis amounted to 29.5% whereas 7.4% had minor dermatitis. Of these workers, 52.1% were sensitized for tulipalin A. Several personal and work-related determinants played a role in the multifactorial aetiology of hand dermatitis. Factors which showed a significant relationship with major hand dermatitis were: female sex, atopic dermatitis, chapped hands and the frequency of washing hands. It may be concluded that the Alstroemeria workers are a population at risk of developing contact dermatitis and it might be useful to carry out an educational campaign to lower the high prevalence. (+info)Modulation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes by cacospongionolide B, a novel inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2. (2/836)
1. Cacospongionolide B is a novel marine metabolite isolated from the sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa. In in vitro studies, this compound inhibited phospholipase A2 (PLA2), showing selectivity for secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) versus cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), and its potency on the human synovial enzyme (group II) was similar to that of manoalide. 2. This activity was confirmed in vivo in the 8 h zymosan-injected rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme accumulating in the pouch exudate. Cacospongionolide B, that is bioavailable when is given orally, reduced the elevated levels of sPLA2 present in paw homogenates of rats with adjuvant arthritis. 3. This marine metabolite showed topical anti-inflammatory activity on the mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) and decreased carrageenin paw oedema in mice after oral administration of 5, 10 or 20 mg kg(-1). 4. In the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan, cacospongionolide B administered into the pouch, induced a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of eicosanoids and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the exudates 4 h after the stimulus. It also had a weak effect on cell migration. 5. The inflammatory response of adjuvant arthritis was reduced by cacospongionolide B, which did not significantly affect eicosanoid levels in serum, paw or stomach homogenates and did not induce toxic effects. 6 Cacospongionolide B is a new inhibitor of sPLA2 in vitro and in vivo, with anti-inflammatory properties in acute and chronic inflammation. This marine metabolite was active after oral administration and able to modify TNFalpha levels, and may offer an interesting approach in the search for new anti-inflammatory agents. (+info)Human metabolism of mammalian lignan precursors in raw and processed flaxseed. (3/836)
BACKGROUND: The mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol are produced in the colon by the action of bacteria on the plant precursor secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, which is found in high concentrations in flaxseed. OBJECTIVE: Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether there is a dose response in urinary lignan excretion with increasing flaxseed intake, 2) whether flaxseed processing affects lignan excretion, 3) peak plasma lignan concentrations, and 4) plasma lignan concentrations after chronic supplementation. DESIGN: Nine healthy young women supplemented their diets with 5, 15, or 25 g raw or 25 g processed (muffin or bread) flaxseed for 7 d during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and on the final day of supplementation. As an adjunct to the 25-g-flaxseed arm, subjects consumed the supplement for an additional day and blood and urine samples were collected at specific intervals. All blood and urine samples were analyzed for enterolactone and enterodiol by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: A dose-dependent urinary lignan response to raw flaxseed was observed (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). The processing of flaxseed as a muffin or bread did not affect the quantity of lignan excretion. Plasma lignan concentrations were greater (P < or = 0.05) than baseline by 9 h after flaxseed ingestion (29.35+/-3.69 and 51.75+/-7.49 nmol/L, respectively). The total plasma area under the curve was higher on the eighth than on the first day (1840.15+/-343.02 and 1027.15+/-95.71 nmol x h/L, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mammalian lignan production from flaxseed precursors is dependent on time and dose but not on processing. (+info)Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. (4/836)
Acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression controls phenotypes involved in colonization, often specifically of higher organisms, in both marine and terrestrial environments. The marine red alga Delisea pulchra produces halogenated furanones which resemble AHLs structurally and show inhibitory activity at ecologically realistic concentrations in AHL bioassays. Evidence is presented that halogenated furanones displace tritiated OHHL [N-3-(oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone] from Escherichia coli cells overproducing LuxR with potencies corresponding to their respective inhibitory activities in an AHL-regulated bioluminescence assay, indicating that this is the mechanism by which furanones inhibit AHL-dependent phenotypes. Alternative mechanisms for this phenomenon are also addressed. General metabolic disruption was assessed with two-dimensional PAGE, revealing limited non-AHL-related effects. A direct chemical interaction between the algal compounds and AHLs, as monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, was shown not to occur in vitro. These results support the contention that furanones, at the concentrations produced by the alga, can control bacterial colonization of surfaces by specifically interfering with AHL-mediated gene expression at the level of the LuxR protein. (+info)Adverse events associated with ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone--Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999. (5/836)
Products containing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are marketed for many claimed purposes, including to induce sleep, release growth hormone, enhance sexual activity and athletic performance, relieve depression, and prolong life. GBL is converted by the body into gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a drug banned outside of clinical trials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recognized manifestations of GHB toxicity include bradycardia, hypothermia, central nervous system depression, and uncontrolled movements. This report describes seven cases of GBL toxicity involving the product "Revivarant," which is labeled as containing 1.82 g of GBL per fluid ounce, reported from two hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Minnesota during October-December 1998 and summarizes an additional 34 cases of GBL toxicity reported to poison centers in New Mexico and Texas during October 1998-January 1999. (+info)Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) without subsequent degradation by Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. (6/836)
A Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava strain was able to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] having a high level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid monomer unit (4HB) from gamma-butyrolactone. In a two-step process in which the first step involved production of cells containing a minimum amount of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB)] and the second step involved polyester accumulation from the lactone, approximately 5 to 10 mol% of the 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) derived from the first-step culture was unavoidably reincorporated into the polymer in the second cultivation step. Reincorporation of the 3HB units produced from degradation of the first-step residual P(3HB) was confirmed by high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In order to synthesize 3HB-free poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(4HB)] homopolymer, a three-stage cultivation technique was developed by adding a nitrogen addition step, which completely removed the residual P(3HB). The resulting polymer was free of 3HB. However, when the strain was grown on gamma-butyrolactone as the sole carbon source in a synthesis medium, a copolyester of P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 45 mol% 3HB was produced. One-step cultivation on gamma-butyrolactone required a rather long induction time (3 to 4 days). On the basis of the results of an enzymatic study performed with crude extracts, we suggest that the inability of cells to produce 3HB in the multistep culture was due to a low level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HBA) dehydrogenase activity, which resulted in a low level of acetyl coenzyme A. Thus, 3HB formation from gamma-butyrolactone is driven by a high level of 4HBA dehydrogenase activity induced by long exposure to gamma-butyrolactone, as is the case for a one-step culture. In addition, intracellular degradation kinetics studies showed that P(3HB) in cells was completely degraded within 30 h of cultivation after being transferred to a carbon-free mineral medium containing additional ammonium sulfate, while P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 5 mol% 3HB and 95 mol% 4HB was totally inert in interactions with the intracellular depolymerases. Intracellular inertness could be a useful factor for efficient synthesis of the P(4HB) homopolymer and of 4HB-rich P(3HB-co-4HB) by the strain used in this study. (+info)Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (7/836)
A stress imposed by a continuous feed of high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or a high temperature shock increased antibiotic production by several times in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. A tentative bioassay showed that the stress caused about 40-fold elevation in the autoinducer activity. Addition of synthetic autoinducers, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone or N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone at a concentration of more than 100 micrograms/l to a non-stressed culture also increased the antibiotic production by several times. These results suggested that the antibiotic production in P. fluorescens S272 was regulated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone and the promotive effect by stress occurred through any function that increased the autoinducer production. (+info)Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. (8/836)
Acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) are important intercellular signaling molecules used by many bacteria to monitor their population density in quorum-sensing control of gene expression. These signals are synthesized by members of the LuxI family of proteins. To understand the mechanism of acyl-HSL synthesis we have purified the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI protein and analyzed the kinetics of acyl-HSL synthesis by this enzyme. Purified RhlI catalyzes the synthesis of acyl-HSLs from acyl-acyl carrier proteins and S-adenosylmethionine. An analysis of the patterns of product inhibition indicated that RhlI catalyzes signal synthesis by a sequential, ordered reaction mechanism in which S-adenosylmethionine binds to RhlI as the initial step in the enzymatic mechanism. Because pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa use acyl-HSL signals to regulate virulence genes, an understanding of the mechanism of signal synthesis and identification of inhibitors of signal synthesis has implications for development of quorum sensing-targeted antivirulence molecules. (+info)An ethanediol derivate and γ-butyrolactone are reacting to a derivate of 1,4,6-trioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane. The third possibility ... The epoxide cyclohexene oxide and the lactone γ-butyrolactone are reacting to the spiro orthoester spiro-7-9-dioxacyclo[4.3.0] ... Hsu, Ying-Gev; Wan, Yen-Shen (15 July 2009). "Cationic photopolymerization of cis-2,3-tetramethylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4,4] ...
The degradation of the polymer chain sets free the initial diol and γ-butyrolactone, which is further hydrolyzed to 4- ... synthesized from γ-butyrolactone and triethylorthoformate). In polycondensation small molecules are formed (in this case of ... The 4-hydroxybutanoic acid formed is responsible for the locally lowered pH value upon polymer degradation. The commercial use ... Polyorthoesters type II are formed by polyaddition of a α,ω-diol and the diketene acetal 3,9-diethylidene-2,4,8,10- ...
... γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (GHBAL) γ-Valerolactone (GVL) Aceturic acid Aceglutamide C.R. Ganellin; David J. ... It is the acetyl ester of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, which is 4-hydroxybutanoic acid), and based on its structural relation to ... Aceburic acid (INN), also known as 4-acetoxybutanoic acid or 4-hydroxybutyric acid acetate, is drug described as an analgesic ... GHB, is likely to behave as a prodrug to it.[citation needed] 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) ...
Evaluation for the withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4-butanediol (1,4 ...
GHB γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV; 4-methyl-GHB) γ-Valerolactone (GVL) trans- ... 2008). "Novel High-Affinity and Selective Biaromatic 4-Substituted gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Analogues as GHB Ligands: ... 4-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid, CAS# 430440-66-7) NCS-435 (4-(p-methoxybenzyl)-GHB) UMB66 UMB68 UMB72 UMB86 Gabazine (SR-95531) NCS ... R)-4-[4′-(2-Iodobenzyloxy)phenyl]-GHB]] Amisulpride Levosulpiride Prochlorperazine Sulpiride Sultopride Snead OC (November 2000 ...
Gamma-Butyrolactone & Polyurethanes), And Segment Forecasts To 2020". Grand View Research. September 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-18 ... The major uses of 1,4 BDO are in the production of THF and polybutylene terephthalate, or PBT. THF is used to produce spandex ... Global 1,4-butanediol market size was estimated at US$4.72 billion in 2013. 2009 Frost & Sullivan Biorenewable Chemicals ... May 4, 2011. Retrieved 2013-10-01. "BioAmber Closes $30 Million Financing with LANXESS and Existing Investors". PR Newswire. ...
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone. World ... gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance. In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be ... 1,4-Butanediol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or ... 1,4-Butanediol was detected by GC-MS. The production plant seems to have intended to cut costs by replacing less toxic 1,5- ...
The molecular formula C4H6O2 may refer to: 1,4-Butynediol γ-Butyrolactone Crotonic acid Diacetyl Diepoxybutane 1,4-Dioxene ...
... γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) NIH National Toxicology Program Andresen-Streichert H, Jungen H, Gehl A, Müller A, Iwersen-Bergmann S ( ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. Fred Smith (31 December 2004). Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis. ...
4,5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 --- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1- ... 4,5-dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-amine MeSH D03.383.129.539.200 --- epirizole MeSH D03.383.129.539.487 ... 4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, methyl ester MeSH D03.383.725.210 --- dimethindene MeSH D03.383. ... 4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- MeSH D03.438.834.775 --- sparteine MeSH D03.438.834.850 --- tetrabenazine MeSH ...
4-Butanediol Baclofen GABA Gabamide GABOB gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid ( ...
"Improved thermosets obtained from cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and γ-butyrolactone with lanthanide triflates as initiators. I. ... 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECC) is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which is used in many ... Record of 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexancarboxylat in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for ... 4′-epoxycyclohexancarboxylate in photoinitiated cationic polymerizations". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry ...
... by using 3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone as a chiral synthon Niu, W (2003). "Microbial synthesis of the energetic material ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is also used as a precursor for two cholesterol-lowering drugs, Crestor and Zetia, which are derived from D-3 ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is a clear or slightly yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, flammable, viscous liquid. It is an alcohol with three ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol can be prepared synthetically by several different methods such as hydroformylation of glycidol and ...
"Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) Pre-Review Report" (PDF). 4 Jun 2012. Van Cauter, E.; Plat, L.; Scharf, M. B.; Leproult, R.; Cespedes ... γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with a weak characteristic odor and profoundly disgusting taste. ... Vose, J.; Tighe, T.; Schwartz, M.; Buel, E. (2001). "Detection of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) as a natural component in wine". ... Elliott, S.; Burgess, V. (2005). "The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic ...
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) acts as a prodrug to GHV, analogously to how γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is a prodrug to GHB. 1,4-Butanediol (1 ... γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is ... 4-BD) Aceburic acid Valerenic acid Valeric acid Carter LP; Chen W; Wu H; Mehta AK; Hernandez RJ; Ticku MK; Coop A; Koek W; ... France CP (April 2005). "Comparison of the behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its 4-methyl-substituted ...
For the reaction of benzene with γ-butyrolactone, the use of solid acidic catalysts based on zeolites and aluminosilicates was ... The acylation of benzene with γ-butyrolactone with excess aluminum chloride produces 1-tetralone in yields of 91-96%. A ... 4-Phenylbutanoic acid can also be quantitatively converted into 1-tetralone by heating to 180 °C and addition of catalytic ... The starting compound 4-phenylbutanoic acid (whose sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate is used to treat hyperammonaemia) is ...
Gamma-Butyrolactone & Polyurethanes), And Segment Forecasts To 2020". Grand View Research. September 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-18 ... 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) can be synthesized using succinic as a precursor. The automotive and electronics industries heavily rely ... In humans, three HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases regulate the stability of HIFs. Hydroxylation of two prolyl residues in HIF1α ... ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health "Product ...
As an example of copolymerization of non-homopolymerizable monomers, γ-butyrolactone (BL) and ε-caprolactone (CL) show that the ... γ-Butyrolactone, and Ethylene Carbonate or 1,2-Propylene Carbonate". Macromolecules. 37 (18): 6755-6762. Bibcode:2004MaMol.. ... "Oligomerization and copolymerization of γ-butyrolactone - a monomer known as unable to homopolymerize, 1. Copolymerization with ... For example, 4, 6 and 7-membered rings of cyclic esters polymerize through CROP. When considering the ring size of the monomer ...
The formation of a thermodynamically stable gamma-butyrolactone as a co-product drives the reaction to completion while ... ChemCatChem 6 (4):973-976. doi:10.1002/cctc.201300841 Zuhse R, Leggewie C, Hollmann F, Kara S (2015) Scaling-Up of "Smart ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as an intelligent cosubstrate has also been validated in non-aqueous media using a commercial ADH. ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as a smart cosubstrate for cofactor regeneration was the next step towards more sustainable redox ...
... and salts of optical isomers Hydriodic acid Benzaldehyde Nitroethane Gamma butyrolactone (Other names include: GBL; Dihydro-2 ( ... N-phenethyl-4-piperidone (NPP) Iodine Ergocristine and its salts These chemicals are designated as those that are used in the ... 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone) Red Phosphorus White Phosphorus (Other names: Yellow ... 4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone Methylamine Ethylamine Propionic anhydride Isosafrole Safrole Piperonal N-Methylephedrine, ...
γ-Butyrolactone 3-Hydroxybutanal Thomas L. Lemke; David A. Williams (24 January 2012). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry ... 4-butanediol (1,4-BD). Like 1,4-BD, it also behaves as a prodrug to GHB when taken exogenously. However, as with all aliphatic ...
A comparative study of human and animal sensitivity to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and derivatives". The British ... 66 (4): 186-9. doi:10.1016/s0367-326x(99)00122-7. PMID 20095126. Stampf, J (August 1978). "Allergic contact dermatitis due to ...
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des ... 79 (4): 283-288. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x. Ribéreau-Gayon, P.; Sapis, J. C. (1965). "On the presence in wine of ... Some beers, such as table beer are of such low alcohol content (1%-4%) that they are served instead of soft drinks in some ... Protz, Roger (4 December 2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Retrieved 21 September 2010. When people of the ancient ...
Kinoshita, H; Ipposhi, H; Okamoto, S; Nakano, H; Nihira, T; Yamada, Y (November 1997). "Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor ... 155 (Pt 4): 1250-9. doi:10.1099/mic.0.022467-0. PMID 19332826. Hopwood, David A. (2007). Streptomyces in nature and medicine : ... ISBN 4-431-54607-3. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net Straininfo of Streptomyces virginiae UniProt Deutsche ... ISBN 3-642-75617-4. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link) Atta-ur-Rahman, edited by (1997). Studies in Natural Products ...
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des ... Clara M. Szlavko, Journal of the Institute of Brewing, July-August 1973, Volume 79, Issue 4, pages 283-288, doi:10.1002/j.2050- ...
... gamma-Butyrolactone may also be used to remove cured cyanoacrylate.[33] Commercial debonders are also available. ... Anahad O'Connor (4 December 2007). "The Claim: Super Glue Can Heal Wounds". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2011. ... 85 (4): 496a-496. doi:10.1136/bjo.85.4.496a. ISSN 0007-1161. PMC 1723922. PMID 11302128.. ... has a molecular weight of 111.1 g/mol, a flashpoint of 79 °C (174 °F; 352 K), and a density of 1.1 g/ml.[4] Ethyl 2- ...
It is used in the production of gamma-butyrolactone, 1, 4-butanediol, and tetrahydrofuran.. Request Free Sample Report @ https ... Increasing environmental concerns for greenhouse gas emission leads to the slow production of the 1, 4-butandiol and alkyd ... Growth and development of the construction industry in developing countries will increase the demand of 1, 4-butandiol and ... Based on the application, the market is segregated into additives, unsaturated polyester resins, copolymers, 1, 4-butanediol, ...
Find details about China Butyrolactone, Gam-Butyrolactone from Organic Solvents Gam Butyrolactone Fat Loss - Guangzhou Kafen ... Gam-Butyrolactone. Alias: G-Butyrolactone, 1, 4- Butyrolactone, BLO. Purity : 99.9% ... G-Butyrolactone in the final foodstuff.. G-Butyrolactone is not active in its own right; its mechanism of action ... Animals which lack these enzymes exhibit no effect from G-Butyrolactone. G-Butyrolactone is more lipophilic (fat ...
4 1 534 Succinic Anhydride is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride and a tetrahydrofurandione. It can be produced via dehydration of ...
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
γ-(4-fluorophenyl)-γ-butyrolactone. EC / List no.: 257-422-5 CAS no.: 51787-96-3 ...
4-diol Cas 49851-31-2 α-Bromovalerophenone Cas 1451-83-8 2-bromo-1-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-one Cas 13956-29-1 CBD POWDER / CBD ... Cas 506-59-2 Dimethylamine hydrochloride Cas 593-81-7 Trimethylamine hydrochloride Cas 872-50-4 N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Cas ... pyridinecarboxylate Cas 40064-34-4 4-piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride Cas 593-51-1 Methylamine hydrochloride Cas 1451-82-7 ... oil High Yield Powder PMK Glycidate Cas 13605-48-6 Lowest price BMK powder CAS 16648-44-5 Cas 99918-43-1 N-phenylpiperidin-4- ...
Alfa Aesar is a leading manufacturer and supplier of research chemicals, pure metals and materials for a wide span of applications.
The effects of reaction conditions on the catalytic activity have been examined and a more than 95% yield of γ butyrolactone ... The effects of reaction conditions on the catalytic activity have been examined and a more than 95% yield of γ butyrolactone ... CHEN Xue gang, SHEN Wei, XU Hua long, XIANG Yi fei (Department of Chemistry);Dehydrogenation Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone from ... Preparation of γ- Butyrolactone from 1,4 Butanediol Dehydrogenation over Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3 Catalyst. ...
... gamma-butyrolactone Suppliers, gamma-butyrolactone Manufacturers, related products of gamma-butyrolactone. ... Information for gamma-butyrolactone 96-48-0 including gamma-butyrolactone CAS NO 96-48-0, ... γ-butyrolactone; γ-butyrolactone(99.5%); Gamma ButyroLactone; 1,4-Butyrolactone; 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid; GBL; γ- ... gamma-butyrolactone. Product Name:. gamma-butyrolactone. Synonyms:. 4-Hydroxybutyric acid gamma-lactone; BLO; Butyronitrile,99 ...
China supplier Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) / 1,4 bdo / butanediol domestic shipping, gbl, bdo, 110-63-4, 96-48-0, gbl supplier, ... China supplier Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) / 1,4 bdo / butanediol domestic shipping. Price: USD 10.00/kg. MOQ: 1 kg. ... Cas 110-63-4 Butane-1,4-diol. Cas 49851-31-2 α-Bromovalerophenone. Procaine cas 59-46-1. Benzocaine cas 94-09-7. Lidocaine HCl ... Cas 40064-34-4 4-piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride. Cas 593-51-1 Methylamine hydrochloride. Cas 1451-82-7 2-Bromo-4- ...
4, 5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid / Gallic acid trimethyl ether CAS 118-41-2 - Zhuzhou Interial bioengineering Co., Ltd. ... 4. Delivery: We have products in stock, and we will deliver them soon when your PO arrived. Meanwhile we will give you the ... 99% 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid / Gallic acid trimethyl ether CAS 118-41-2 Images ... AKOS 213-36;AKOS BBS-00003718;3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYBENZOIC ACID;BENZOIC ACID, 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXY-;GALLIC ACID TRIMETHYL ETHER; ...
gamma-Butyrolactone; 4-Butyrolactone; dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one .... MW: 86.090. g/mol MF: C4H6O2. IUPAC name: oxolan-2-one. ... C4H7NO2. IUPAC name: (3R)-3-aminooxolan-2-one. Create Date: 2006-07-29. ... C4H7NO2. IUPAC name: (3S)-3-aminooxolan-2-one. Create Date: 2005-06-24. ... Rule of 5 (4) Compounds satisfied Lipinskis Rule of Five in evaluating druglikeness. Query: (-5:5[LOGP]) AND (0:500[MOLWT]) ...
... butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hydroxy-butyric acid, [gamma]-lactone. ... 4, 1980; 47 FR 27810, June 25, 1982; 48 FR 10812, Mar. 15, 1983; 48 FR 51907, Nov. 15, 1983; 49 FR 5747, Feb. 15, 1984; 50 FR ... 4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate; phenylethyl methyl carbinyl acetate. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol; phenylethyl methyl ethyl carbinol ... Zingerone; 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone.. (c) [Delta]-Decalactone and [Delta]-dodecalactone when used separately or ...
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about use of products containing gamma butyrolactone (GBL). ... GBL is also known by the chemical names 2(3H)-furanone dihydro; butyrolactone; 4-butyrolactone; dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; 4- ... butanolide; 2(3H)-furanone, dihydro; tetrahydro-2-furanone; and butyrolactone gamma. According to the FDA, brand names include ... It affects nearly 4 million Americans-and slightly more than one half of these persons receive care at home. The prevalence of ...
Quorum sensing is the regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density. Quorum sensing bacteria produce and release chemical signal molecules called autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density. The detection of a minimal threshold sti …
The barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite) is a major marine biofouling invertebrate worldwide. It has a complex life cycle during which the larva (called a nauplius) molts six times before transforming into the cyprid stage. The cyprid stage in B. amphitrite is the critical stage fo …
Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) has widespread industrial use. It is a common ... Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) has widespread industrial use. It is a common ... Gamma-Butyrolactone(GBL) CAS No. 96-48-0 Purity: 99.9% up Place of Origin: China gamma-butyrolactone CAS 96-48-0 Name of gamma- ... Gamma-Butyrolactone(GBL) CAS No. 96-48-0 Gamma-Butyrolactone(GBL) CAS No. 96-48-0 Purity: 99.9% up Place of Origin: China gamma ...
Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL manufacturers, suppliers ☆ Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL buyers, importers, wholesalers, ... Gamma-Butyrolactone 99.9% /Gamma-Butyrolactone 99.9% /Gamma-Butyrolactone 99.9% /Gamma-Butyrolactone 99.9% Gamma-Butyrolactone ... Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL. Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL ... Gamma-Butyrolactone GBL GHB Intermediate & Gamma Butyrolactone 99.9 % GBL for Wheel Clearner. Gamma-Butyrolactone GBL GHB ...
γ-Butyrolactone (γ-BL). 204. −43.4. 1.73. 39.1. 4.12. −2.8. 5.4. γ-Valerolactone (γ-VL). 208. −31. 2.0. 34. 4.29. −2.8. 5.4. ... 0.5 M TEABF4/ACN. 167-171 [Co(phen)3]+ + e− ↔ [Co(phen)3]2+. [Fe(phen)3]2+ ↔ [Fe(phen)3]3+ + e−. 0.01/0.01. 2.1. 0.3 M TEAPF6/ ... 0.1 M TEABF4/ACN. 180 [Fe(TEOA)(OH)]−+ e− ↔ [Fe(TEOA)(OH)]2−. [Co(mTEA)(H2O)]− ↔ [Co(mTEA)(H2O)] + e−. 0.5/0.5. 0.93. 5 M NaOH/ ... 0.5 M TEABF4/ACN. 176 [V(acac)3] + e− ↔ [V(acac)3]−. [V(acac)3] ↔ [V(acac)3]+ + e−. 0.05. 2.2. ...
... and Gamma-Butyrolactone*Introduction ... Chapter 4. Cocaine and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor* ...
Butyrolactone (C4H6O2). *Pentane, 2,2-dimethyl- (C7H16) ... Benzene, 1,4-diiodo- (C6H4I2). *Benzene, 1,2-dibromo- (C6H4Br2) ... Benzene, 1,2,4-trichloro-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]- (C12H6Cl4O2S) ... Urea, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl- (C9H11ClN2O) ... Benzoic acid, 4-chloro- (C7H5ClO2). *Butane, 2-bromo- (C4H9Br) ... 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (C14H10Cl2O2) ... Benzene, 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)- (C8H8Cl2). *Fenuron (C9H12N2O) ...
Butyrolactone (C4H6O2). *2-Pentanol (C5H12O) ... Ethanone, 1-(4-methylphenyl)- (C9H10O). *3-Buten-1-ol, 3-methyl ... Contribution of dynamic headspace GC-MS analysis of aroma compounds to authenticity testing of honey, Food Chem., 2001, 72, 4, ... Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ol, 4-methyl- (C9H16O) ... 1-Pentanol, 4-methyl- (C6H14O). *2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5- ...
When treated with some growth arrest-inducing agents such as sodium nitroprusside, forskolin and butyrolactone I, cells ... 87414-49-1/butyrolactone I; 9061-61-4/Nerve Growth Factor; 96-48-0/4-Butyrolactone; EC 2.7.11.1/Akt1 protein, rat; EC 2.7.11.1/ ... 4-Butyrolactone / analogs & derivatives*, pharmacology. Animals. CDC2 Protein Kinase / metabolism. Cell Differentiation / ...
4-Butyrolactone / administration & dosage, pharmacology. Animals. Biotransformation. Corpus Striatum / metabolism*. Dopamine / ... 1199-18-4/Oxidopamine; 306-08-1/Homovanillic Acid; 502-85-2/Sodium Oxybate; 59-46-1/Procaine; 96-48-0/4-Butyrolactone ...
- It is used in the production of gamma-butyrolactone, 1, 4-butanediol, and tetrahydrofuran. (sbwire.com)
- It refers to an acidic anhydride of maleic acid which is generally colorless as compared to white organic compounds and is a versatile chemical intermediate which is widely used to furnish important chemicals such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone among others. (mynewsdesk.com)
- It can produce tetrahydrofuran and γ-butyrolactone in any proportion with a hydrogenation reaction, and the usual ratio is tetrachlorofuran: γ-butyrolactone = 3-4:1. (chemicalbook.com)
- Du Pont will increase off-list prices of 1,4 butanediol (BDO), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Terathane polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) effective October 1, or as contractual agreements permit. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The enzyme from hog liver is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol . (genome.jp)
- Biosynthesis of butyrolactone derivatives isolated from strains IFO 8835 and 4100. (aspergillus.org.uk)
- increase for 1,4 butanediol and its derivatives in the U. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Has lower activity toward N-hexanoyl-D,L-homoserine lactone, but is not active toward 5-pyridoxolactone and gamma-butyrolactone. (rcsb.org)
- The catalytic activity of Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3 catalyst for dehydrogenation of 1,4 butanediol has been studied. (cnki.com.cn)
- GBL is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol. (wikipedia.org)
- whereas the related compound 1,4-butanediol (1,4-B) tends to be slightly less potent, slower to take effect but longer-acting than GHB. (wikipedia.org)
- Nevertheless, butanediol is sometimes used as a substitute for other illegal substances such as gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and gamma hydroxybutyrate ( GHB ). (webmd.com)
- Market could be explored by product type as Dehydrogenation of 1, 4-Butanediol and Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride. (express-press-release.net)
- Growing penetration of spandex in medical textiles, compression stockings, and sportswear coupled with the increasing disposable income are factors that are projected to surge the demand for 1, 4-butanediol which in turn will result in the rise in the demand of maleic anhydride. (sbwire.com)
- Ingredients in GHB, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol, can also be converted by the body into GHB. (rapereliefshelter.bc.ca)
- GHB "precursors" gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) are commercially available industrial substances that are not intended for human consumption. (camh.ca)
- Increasing disposable incomes coupled with rising penetration of spandex in various products such as sportswear, compression stockings and medical textiles among others has contributed to a surge in demand for 1,4-butanediol. (mynewsdesk.com)
- 2.1, 4-butanediol dehydrogenation reactor is a tube array reactor, filled with flake copper catalyst (with zinc oxide as the carrier). (chemicalbook.com)
- c) "Manufacturer of 1,4-Butanediol" means a person who is involved in the manufacture of 1,4-Butanediol for use in the manufacture of an industrial product and who provides that manufactured 1,4-Butanediol to a distributor of 1,4-Butanediol or a manufacturer of an industrial product. (flsenate.gov)
- d) "Distributor of 1,4-Butanediol" means a person who is involved in the distribution of 1,4-Butanediol. (flsenate.gov)
- 2. From which neither 1,4-Butanediol nor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) can be readily extracted or readily synthesized and which is not sold for human consumption. (flsenate.gov)
- 2) 1,4-Butanediol is excepted from scheduling pursuant to s. 893.03 (1)(d)1. (flsenate.gov)
- para]]The market size for 1,4 butanediol is projected to reach $8. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This was always the case for 1,4 butanediol where the monomeric material oiled the surface layer and would not disperse properly. (thefreedictionary.com)
- There was nothing on the label to indicate the liquid contained the industrial solvent, called 1,4 Butanediol , which targets the central nervous system. (thefreedictionary.com)
- LONDON -- The world 1,4 butanediol (BDO) market is estimated to grow from 1,725. (thefreedictionary.com)
- has no proprietary rights to certain parts of INVISTA's 1,4 butanediol (BDO) technology and prohibits Frontech from licensing any technology that incorporates INVISTA's hydrogenation technology. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Palladium-catalysed transposition of MVG's allylic alcohol derivative also resulted in a 1,4-dioxygenated motif which could be used as a precursor to 1,4-butanediol or γ-butyrolactone. (rsc.org)
- Drugs interchangeable to gamma Buy priligy online ireland hydroxybutyrate square measure 1,4 butanediol (bd) and butyrolactone (gbl). (annuairesympa.com)
- Iron Drum Product Name control chemical against termite chlorpyrifos97% TC, 2921-88-2 CAS NO. 2921-88-2 EINECS NO. 220-864-4 Formulation 97%TC 40%EC (480g/L) Classification Insecticide , agrochemical Mode of action. (ccnmag.com)
- When treated with some growth arrest-inducing agents such as sodium nitroprusside, forskolin and butyrolactone I, cells expressing wild-type Akt regained their responsiveness to the effects of NGF on differentiation. (biomedsearch.com)
- A compound, C 4 H 8 O 3 , similar in structure and function to gamma-aminobutyric acid, usually used in the form of its sodium salt. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Effets du 4 butyrolactone et du 4 hydroxybutyrate de sodium sur l'E. (fc-gubkin.ru)
- 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone, butyrolactone, dimethylformamide and hexane-1,6-diol. (patentgenius.com)
- The present invention provides a method for preparing (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof by using enzymatic resolution, the method comprising the step of: using racemic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquin. (sumobrain.com)
- The semiaqueous cleaning composition of claim 1 wherein the oxalic acid dihydrate concentration is between about 2% and about 20%, and wherein the pH is between about 4 and 7. (sumobrain.com)
- Automated determination of the p K a values of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cosolventâ€"water mixtures and related solvent effects using a modified HPLC system. (ebscohost.com)
- Succinate, also known as 1,4-butanedioic acid or amber acid, is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid for multiple applications. (hindawi.com)
- 2-Hydroxy-3-octanone (0.2-0.5% of I ), 2,3-decanedione (2% of I ), 2-phenylethanol (3% of I ), and octanoic acid (4% of I ) were also identified in volatiles from male beetles. (springer.com)
- Hydrolyzes 4-pyridoxolactone to 4-pyridoxic acid. (rcsb.org)
- 4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said polyester comprises poly(aliphatic hydroxy carboxylic acid). (patentgenius.com)
- 4. The material according to claim 3 wherein the carbonaceous material precursor comprises a polymer. (google.com)
- Moreover, GHB and its precursor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), are illegal recreational drugs of abuse. (elsevier.com)
- GBL cleaner is designed to be used on cleaning chrome wheels, deletion printi γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with a weak characteristic odor. (kitairu.net)
- γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid with a weak characteristic odor and profoundly disgusting taste. (wikipedia.org)
- Gamma-butyrolactone, also termed as "Butyrolactone or 4-butyrolactone", is a hygroscopic liquid with weak odor. (express-press-release.net)
- Some studies indicate it is metabolized with in 4 hours of ingestion, others say up to 12 or 16. (rapereliefshelter.bc.ca)
- it send away be noticed in drinkingmaterial substance by crime laboratories as symptomless in the victimsurine up to 4 period of time after ingestion. (annuairesympa.com)
- 4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein R is exclusively an ethylene group. (google.com)
- Because the industrial and household solvent γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is metabolized to GHB, it has been marketed illicitly as a nutritional supplement alleged to have the same therapeutic effects as GHB. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Process for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol of the formula Iby the reaction of diacetylene of the formula IIwith formaldehyde of the formula IIIin the presence of a silver catalysts, in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of a polar organic solvent at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. (patentgenius.com)
- The present invention relates to aprocess for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol by the reaction of diacetylene with formaldehyde in the presence of a polar solvent and catalytic amounts of a silver catalyst. (patentgenius.com)
- Accordingly, we have found a novel and improved process for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol of the formula I by the reaction of diacetylene of the formula II with formaldehyde of the formula III in the presence of silver catalysts, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a polar solvent at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. (patentgenius.com)
- and arglabin (4), a tumor inhibitor that was the subject of an elegant total synthesis in 2007. (docme.ru)
- C75 (trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylene-butyrolactone), an inhibitor of FAS, resulted in a more than 100-fold effect at the same dose. (scienceagogo.com)
- 4. An article according to claim 3 wherein said cyclic ester monomer is 1,3-dioxan-2-one. (google.com.au)
- A few years ago, Chen and his group reported they were able to make a polymer from the ring-opening reaction of γ-butyrolactone-a simple five-membered cyclic ester previously thought to be impervious to polymerization for thermodynamic reasons. (acs.org)
- North America accounted for the major share of the gamma-butyrolactone market in 2016 and will continue to lead in the forecast period. (express-press-release.net)
- 2016 Nov 7;4(11):6200-6207. (bath.ac.uk)
- These compounds then may go on to form the polymer poly(4-hydroxybutyrate). (wikipedia.org)
- It is claimed that poly(GBL) is competitive with commercial biomaterial poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), or P4HB. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 , 2 'Chemsex' is a more recently described phenomenon in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), which describes the use of mephedrone, crystal methamphetamine, γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and less commonly, cocaine and ketamine with sex. (bmj.com)
- 6. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight-average molar mass of the at least one 4-morpholinomethyl-substituted silicone of formula (V) is in the range from 2000 to 1,000,000 gmol −1 . (freepatentsonline.com)
- 7. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one 4-morpholinomethyl-substituted silicone of formula (V) is present in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion in which the number-average size of the silicone particles in the emulsion is in the range from 3 to 500 nm. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 4-methyl-2-phenyl -m- dioxolane. (fda.gov)
- 1. The methyl 4-chlorobutanoate , methyl formate , and dichloromethane must be added by temporary removal of one of the addition funnels followed by purging of the system with nitrogen. (orgsyn.org)
- On the basis of application, the global maleic anhydride market can be segmented into UPR, 1,4-BDO, additives, copolymers and others. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The combined organic phase is washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 (20 g), filtered through a 150-mL medium porosity sintered glass funnel, then concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator (45 °C, 25 mmHg) to furnish an amber-colored liquid. (orgsyn.org)
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2000), 48(4), 559-562. (aspergillus.org.uk)
- The effects of reaction conditions on the catalytic activity have been examined and a more than 95% yield of γ butyrolactone obtained. (cnki.com.cn)
- DE-A 877,453 and DE-A 869,053 each disclose a process for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol by the reaction of aqueous formaldehyde solution with diacetylene in the presence of Ag catalysts. (patentgenius.com)
- To bypass GHB restriction laws, home synthesis kits were introduced to transform GBL and/or 1,4-B into GHB. (wikipedia.org)
- Synthesis of gold nanoparticles with homogeneous sizes and shapes has enormous importance in nanotechnology, because of their size-dependent optical, magnetic, electronic and catalytic properties [ 3 , 4 ]. (mdpi.com)
- Aim 2 will extend results from in vitro studies to two in vivo paradigms, cerebral microdialysis (to measure DA, ACh and cAMP overflow) and the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model (to measure effects on DA synthesis). (elsevier.com)
- Cationic dyes in acrylic fibers have been accurately determined spectrophotometrically in the solution of the sample in 4-butyrolactone containing 1.0 to 10 g/l. (ebscohost.com)
- Without zinc chloride, some cationic dyes are not stable in 4-butyrolactone, and the results are low. (ebscohost.com)
- 1. In a process for the preparation of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol by reacting diacetylene with formaldehyde, in the presence of a silver catalyst and water, at temperatures ranging from0.degree. (patentgenius.com)
- Gamma-butyrolactone market is anticipated to expand at a significant CAGR of 6.2% in the upcoming period as the scope, product types, and its applications are increasing across the globe. (express-press-release.net)
- Global gamma-butyrolactone market is anticipated to witness an exponential growth in the forecast period. (express-press-release.net)
- Globally, North America may account for the substantial market share of gamma-butyrolactone and is expected to lead the overall market in the forecast period. (express-press-release.net)
- When the study is scaled down to Malaysia, there are predicted about 3.5 million of the population having this metabolic disease [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The developing countries like India and China are the major consumers of gamma-butyrolactone in this region. (express-press-release.net)