4-Butyrolactone
Streptomyces
Maturation-Promoting Factor
Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meiosis it induces immature oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation. In mitosis it has a role in the G2/M phase transition. Once activated by CYCLINS; MPF directly phosphorylates some of the proteins involved in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and the degradation of cyclins. The catalytic subunit of MPF is PROTEIN P34CDC2.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Meiosis
Enzyme Inhibitors
Contact dermatitis in Alstroemeria workers. (1/836)
Hand dermatitis is common in workers in the horticultural industry. This study determined the prevalence of hand dermatitis in workers of Alstroemeria cultivation, investigated how many workers had been sensitized by tulipalin A (the allergen in Alstroemeria) and took stock of a wide range of determinants of hand dermatitis. The 12-month period prevalence of major hand dermatitis amounted to 29.5% whereas 7.4% had minor dermatitis. Of these workers, 52.1% were sensitized for tulipalin A. Several personal and work-related determinants played a role in the multifactorial aetiology of hand dermatitis. Factors which showed a significant relationship with major hand dermatitis were: female sex, atopic dermatitis, chapped hands and the frequency of washing hands. It may be concluded that the Alstroemeria workers are a population at risk of developing contact dermatitis and it might be useful to carry out an educational campaign to lower the high prevalence. (+info)Modulation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes by cacospongionolide B, a novel inhibitor of human synovial phospholipase A2. (2/836)
1. Cacospongionolide B is a novel marine metabolite isolated from the sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa. In in vitro studies, this compound inhibited phospholipase A2 (PLA2), showing selectivity for secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) versus cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), and its potency on the human synovial enzyme (group II) was similar to that of manoalide. 2. This activity was confirmed in vivo in the 8 h zymosan-injected rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme accumulating in the pouch exudate. Cacospongionolide B, that is bioavailable when is given orally, reduced the elevated levels of sPLA2 present in paw homogenates of rats with adjuvant arthritis. 3. This marine metabolite showed topical anti-inflammatory activity on the mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) and decreased carrageenin paw oedema in mice after oral administration of 5, 10 or 20 mg kg(-1). 4. In the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan, cacospongionolide B administered into the pouch, induced a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of eicosanoids and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in the exudates 4 h after the stimulus. It also had a weak effect on cell migration. 5. The inflammatory response of adjuvant arthritis was reduced by cacospongionolide B, which did not significantly affect eicosanoid levels in serum, paw or stomach homogenates and did not induce toxic effects. 6 Cacospongionolide B is a new inhibitor of sPLA2 in vitro and in vivo, with anti-inflammatory properties in acute and chronic inflammation. This marine metabolite was active after oral administration and able to modify TNFalpha levels, and may offer an interesting approach in the search for new anti-inflammatory agents. (+info)Human metabolism of mammalian lignan precursors in raw and processed flaxseed. (3/836)
BACKGROUND: The mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol are produced in the colon by the action of bacteria on the plant precursor secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, which is found in high concentrations in flaxseed. OBJECTIVE: Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether there is a dose response in urinary lignan excretion with increasing flaxseed intake, 2) whether flaxseed processing affects lignan excretion, 3) peak plasma lignan concentrations, and 4) plasma lignan concentrations after chronic supplementation. DESIGN: Nine healthy young women supplemented their diets with 5, 15, or 25 g raw or 25 g processed (muffin or bread) flaxseed for 7 d during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and on the final day of supplementation. As an adjunct to the 25-g-flaxseed arm, subjects consumed the supplement for an additional day and blood and urine samples were collected at specific intervals. All blood and urine samples were analyzed for enterolactone and enterodiol by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: A dose-dependent urinary lignan response to raw flaxseed was observed (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). The processing of flaxseed as a muffin or bread did not affect the quantity of lignan excretion. Plasma lignan concentrations were greater (P < or = 0.05) than baseline by 9 h after flaxseed ingestion (29.35+/-3.69 and 51.75+/-7.49 nmol/L, respectively). The total plasma area under the curve was higher on the eighth than on the first day (1840.15+/-343.02 and 1027.15+/-95.71 nmol x h/L, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mammalian lignan production from flaxseed precursors is dependent on time and dose but not on processing. (+info)Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. (4/836)
Acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression controls phenotypes involved in colonization, often specifically of higher organisms, in both marine and terrestrial environments. The marine red alga Delisea pulchra produces halogenated furanones which resemble AHLs structurally and show inhibitory activity at ecologically realistic concentrations in AHL bioassays. Evidence is presented that halogenated furanones displace tritiated OHHL [N-3-(oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone] from Escherichia coli cells overproducing LuxR with potencies corresponding to their respective inhibitory activities in an AHL-regulated bioluminescence assay, indicating that this is the mechanism by which furanones inhibit AHL-dependent phenotypes. Alternative mechanisms for this phenomenon are also addressed. General metabolic disruption was assessed with two-dimensional PAGE, revealing limited non-AHL-related effects. A direct chemical interaction between the algal compounds and AHLs, as monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, was shown not to occur in vitro. These results support the contention that furanones, at the concentrations produced by the alga, can control bacterial colonization of surfaces by specifically interfering with AHL-mediated gene expression at the level of the LuxR protein. (+info)Adverse events associated with ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone--Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999. (5/836)
Products containing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are marketed for many claimed purposes, including to induce sleep, release growth hormone, enhance sexual activity and athletic performance, relieve depression, and prolong life. GBL is converted by the body into gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a drug banned outside of clinical trials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recognized manifestations of GHB toxicity include bradycardia, hypothermia, central nervous system depression, and uncontrolled movements. This report describes seven cases of GBL toxicity involving the product "Revivarant," which is labeled as containing 1.82 g of GBL per fluid ounce, reported from two hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Minnesota during October-December 1998 and summarizes an additional 34 cases of GBL toxicity reported to poison centers in New Mexico and Texas during October 1998-January 1999. (+info)Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) without subsequent degradation by Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. (6/836)
A Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava strain was able to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] having a high level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid monomer unit (4HB) from gamma-butyrolactone. In a two-step process in which the first step involved production of cells containing a minimum amount of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB)] and the second step involved polyester accumulation from the lactone, approximately 5 to 10 mol% of the 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) derived from the first-step culture was unavoidably reincorporated into the polymer in the second cultivation step. Reincorporation of the 3HB units produced from degradation of the first-step residual P(3HB) was confirmed by high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In order to synthesize 3HB-free poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(4HB)] homopolymer, a three-stage cultivation technique was developed by adding a nitrogen addition step, which completely removed the residual P(3HB). The resulting polymer was free of 3HB. However, when the strain was grown on gamma-butyrolactone as the sole carbon source in a synthesis medium, a copolyester of P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 45 mol% 3HB was produced. One-step cultivation on gamma-butyrolactone required a rather long induction time (3 to 4 days). On the basis of the results of an enzymatic study performed with crude extracts, we suggest that the inability of cells to produce 3HB in the multistep culture was due to a low level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HBA) dehydrogenase activity, which resulted in a low level of acetyl coenzyme A. Thus, 3HB formation from gamma-butyrolactone is driven by a high level of 4HBA dehydrogenase activity induced by long exposure to gamma-butyrolactone, as is the case for a one-step culture. In addition, intracellular degradation kinetics studies showed that P(3HB) in cells was completely degraded within 30 h of cultivation after being transferred to a carbon-free mineral medium containing additional ammonium sulfate, while P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 5 mol% 3HB and 95 mol% 4HB was totally inert in interactions with the intracellular depolymerases. Intracellular inertness could be a useful factor for efficient synthesis of the P(4HB) homopolymer and of 4HB-rich P(3HB-co-4HB) by the strain used in this study. (+info)Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (7/836)
A stress imposed by a continuous feed of high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or a high temperature shock increased antibiotic production by several times in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. A tentative bioassay showed that the stress caused about 40-fold elevation in the autoinducer activity. Addition of synthetic autoinducers, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone or N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone at a concentration of more than 100 micrograms/l to a non-stressed culture also increased the antibiotic production by several times. These results suggested that the antibiotic production in P. fluorescens S272 was regulated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone and the promotive effect by stress occurred through any function that increased the autoinducer production. (+info)Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. (8/836)
Acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) are important intercellular signaling molecules used by many bacteria to monitor their population density in quorum-sensing control of gene expression. These signals are synthesized by members of the LuxI family of proteins. To understand the mechanism of acyl-HSL synthesis we have purified the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI protein and analyzed the kinetics of acyl-HSL synthesis by this enzyme. Purified RhlI catalyzes the synthesis of acyl-HSLs from acyl-acyl carrier proteins and S-adenosylmethionine. An analysis of the patterns of product inhibition indicated that RhlI catalyzes signal synthesis by a sequential, ordered reaction mechanism in which S-adenosylmethionine binds to RhlI as the initial step in the enzymatic mechanism. Because pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa use acyl-HSL signals to regulate virulence genes, an understanding of the mechanism of signal synthesis and identification of inhibitors of signal synthesis has implications for development of quorum sensing-targeted antivirulence molecules. (+info)
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N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones are inter-kingdom signalling molecules controlling quorum sensing in the Gram-negative bacteria...
Salmonella typhimurium recognizes a chemically distinct form of the bacterial quorum-sensing signal AI-2. | The Hughson Lab
Acidity-Directed Synthesis of Substituted γ-Butyrolactones from Aliphatic Aldehydes
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Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
Rapid necrotic killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is caused by quorum-sensing-controlled production of rhamnolipid by...
HBHL Definition: Hydroxybutanoyl Homoserine Lactone
KEGG PATHWAY: Quorum sensing
Team:BIOTEC Dresden/Modeling - 2010.igem.org
In silico analyses of conservational, functional and phylogenetic distribution of the LuxI and LuxR homologs in Gram-positive...
Gamma-butyrolactone GBL BDO 96 48 0 | Wuhan Adar New Material Co., Ltd - 20200722164407
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg: Publikationen
Gene Controls Production of Protein That Blocks HIV From Entering Cells; People With Extra Copies Protected, Study Says -...
Chemsex linked with increased diagnoses of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections | EurekAlert! Science News
We also showed here that the expression of Necl-4 was regulated in a cell density-dependent manner | GlyT1 inhibitor...
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Sex, prodrugs and rock and roll - Mind Hacks
Census and consensus in bacterial ecosystems: the LuxR-LuxI family of quorum-sensing transcriptional regulators
3-hydroxy-C14 homoserine lactone Mass Spectrum
Perennial Farm Marketplace
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American Financial Services Association - AFSA Letter to House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
PQR | N-{(1e)-1-amino-5-[(diaminomethylene)amino]-1-hydroxy-1-penten-2-yl}benzamide
PQR | N-[4-({[5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthyl]sulfonyl}amino)phenyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
Serum Enterolactone and Risk of Breast Cancer | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Partial molar volumes and partial molar isentropic compressions of γ-Butyrolactone and ε-Caprolactone at infinite dilution in...
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and Gamma-butyrolactone Abuse | Patient
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Quorum Sensing Activity of Serratia fonticola Strain RB-25 Isolated from an Ex-landfill Site
Structural and biochemical characterization of AidC, a quorum-quenching lactonase with atypical selectivity (Journal Article) |...
Team:BIOTEC Dresden/Literature - 2010.igem.org
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule influences Candida albicans morphology. - PubMed - NCBI
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Intra-Species Bacterial Quorum Sensing Studied at Single Cell Level in a Double Droplet Trapping System
The bacterial enigma: cracking the code of cell-cell communication - Salmond - 1995 - Molecular Microbiology - Wiley Online...
Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PNAS
Whole genome sequencing enables the characterization of BurI, a LuxI homologue of Burkholderia cepacia strain GG4 [PeerJ]
IJPBS Article- EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS TO INHIBIT ACYL HOMOSERINE LACTONE BASED QUORUM
Cyclic AMP and Acyl Homoserine Lactones Increase the Cultivation Efficiency of Heterotrophic Bacteria from the Central Baltic...
Induction of systemic resistance, root colonisation and biocontrol activities of the rhizospheric strain ofSerratia...
HA-1077 - Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis
We describe novel imaging protocols that allow detection of small cancer - Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis
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acyl-homoserine lactone | mBio
Generation of High-Sensitivity Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Homoserine Lactones | SpringerLink
Thiourea-catalyzed aminolysis of N-acyl homoserine lactones
Chapter 893 Section 031 - 2016 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
Immunosuppressive but Non-LasR-Inducing Analogues of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Quorum-Sensing Molecule
N
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Local effects of Linoorbitides and enterolactone On intestinal epithelial functions
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High-Sensitivity Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Homoserine Lactones Protect Mice from Lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa...
The GABA Defense | Science Signaling
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with γ-Butenolide under Multifunctional...
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Gamma-Butyrolactone
... , γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. ... Gamma-Butyrolactone is often referred to be used as a date rape drug. Frequent use of GHB or GBL, even when taken long-term and ... "Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) Pre-Review Report" (PDF). 4 June 2012. Van Cauter, E.; Plat, L.; Scharf, M. B.; Leproult, R.; ... γ-Butyrolactone is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol at a temperature of 180-300 °C and atmospheric ...
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
Both γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are converted to GHB in the body. In January 2016, it was announced scientists ... Some prodrugs, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), convert to GHB in the stomach and blood stream. Other prodrugs exist, such as 1,4 ... Elliott S, Burgess V (July 2005). "The presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in alcoholic ... γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol". Clinical Toxicology. 50 (6): 458-70. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.702218. PMID 22746383. ...
Embutramide
Amide formation via reaction with gamma-butyrolactone completed the synthesis of embutramide (4). Elks J (14 November 2014). ... 31 (4): 319-20. PMID 2815545. Kintz P, Cirimele V, Ludes B (October 2002). "Blood investigation in a fatality involving the ... Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2017. Hellebrekers LJ, Baumans V, Bertens AP, Hartman W (July 1990). "[The use of ... 315-. ISBN 978-0-323-24198-4. US 3045043, Schmitt K, Henning I, Lindner E, Ott H, "New gamma-hydroxy-carboxylic acid amides and ...
2-Acetylbutyrolactone
... (ABL) is a derivative of γ-butyrolactone that is used as a precursor in organic synthesis, and it is used ... with butyrolactone in an alkaline solution. 2-Acetylbutyrolactone can also be prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with ethyl ... "Method for Preparing 2-Acetyl-y-Butyrolactone". United States Patent. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved March ... Unnikrishnan, P,A (1992). "Syntheses of epi-β-Santalene, β-Santalene and an Isomer of β-Santalene with 4-Methyl-4-pentenyl Side ...
Expanding monomer
Also a condensation analogous to acetalisation reaction is possible.: 83 An ethanediol derivate and γ-butyrolactone are ... 49 The epoxide cyclohexene oxide and the lactone γ-butyrolactone are reacting to the spiro orthoester spiro-7-9-dioxacyclo[4.3. ... Hsu, Ying-Gev; Wan, Yen-Shen (15 July 2009). "Cationic photopolymerization of cis-2,3-tetramethylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4,4] ... reacting to a derivate of 1,4,6-trioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane. The third possibility is using dibutyltin oxide and carbon disulfide ...
Gamma-Valerolactone
... γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) NIH National Toxicology Program Baird, Zachariah Steven; Uusi-Kyyny, Petri; Pokki, Juha-Pekka; Pedegert, ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. Fred Smith (31 December 2004). Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis. ...
Polyorthoester
The degradation of the polymer chain sets free the initial diol and γ-butyrolactone, which is further hydrolyzed to 4- ... synthesized from γ-butyrolactone and triethylorthoformate). In polycondensation small molecules are formed (in this case of ... The 4-hydroxybutanoic acid formed is responsible for the locally lowered pH value upon polymer degradation. The commercial use ... 4, pp. 770-772, Bibcode:1997MaMol..30..770N, doi:10.1021/ma9610626 J. Heller; J. Barr (2004), "Poly(ortho esters) - from ...
SCH-50911
August 2006). "Evaluation for the withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4- ... butanediol (1,4-BD) in different rat lines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1074: 545-58. doi:10.1196/annals. ...
1,4-Butanediol
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone. It is ... gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance. In Germany, the drug is not explicitly illegal, but might also be ... 1,4-Butanediol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or ... 1,4-Butanediol was detected by GC-MS. The production plant seems to have intended to cut costs by replacing less toxic 1,5- ...
Diisopropyl ether
Shoji Hara, Akira Suzuk (1998). "Synthesis of 4-(2-Bromo-2-Propenyl)-4-Methyl-Y-Butyrolactone by the Reaction of Ethyl ...
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate
"Improved thermosets obtained from cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and γ-butyrolactone with lanthanide triflates as initiators. I. ... 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECC) is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which is used in many ... Record of 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexancarboxylat in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for ... 4′-epoxycyclohexancarboxylate in photoinitiated cationic polymerizations". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
4,5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 - 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl ... 4,5-dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-amine MeSH D03.383.129.539.200 - epirizole MeSH D03.383.129.539.487 - ... 4-oxadiazole MeSH D03.383.312.649.290 - fanft MeSH D03.383.312.649.308 - furagin MeSH D03.383.312.649.313 - furazolidone MeSH ... 4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, methyl ester MeSH D03.383.725.210 - dimethindene MeSH D03.383. ...
GABA receptor agonist
4-Butanediol Baclofen GABA Gabamide GABOB gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid ( ... GHV) gamma-Valerolactone (GVL) Lesogaberan Phenibut 4-Fluorophenibut Picamilon Progabide SL-75102 Tolgabide ADX-71441 CACA CAMP ...
C4H6O2
The molecular formula C4H6O2 may refer to: 1,4-Butynediol Butyrolactones β-Butyrolactone γ-Butyrolactone Crotonic acid Diacetyl ... Diepoxybutane 1,4-Dioxene Isocrotonic acid Methacrylic acid Methyl acrylate Succinaldehyde Vinyl acetate Butenoic acid This set ...
1,2,4-Butanetriol
... by using 3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone as a chiral synthon It is used as one of the monomers for manufacture of some polyesters ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is also used as a precursor for two cholesterol-lowering drugs, Crestor and Zetia, which are derived from D-3 ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol is a clear or slightly yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, flammable, viscous liquid. It is an alcohol with three ... 1,2,4-Butanetriol can be prepared synthetically by several different methods such as hydroformylation of glycidol and ...
Gamma-Hydroxyvaleric acid
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) acts as a prodrug to GHV, analogously to how γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is a prodrug to GHB. 1,4-Butanediol (1 ... 37 (4): 250-4. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt013. PMID 23486087. v t e (Drugs with non-standard legal status, ECHA InfoCard ID from ... γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is ... 4-BD) Aceburic acid Valerenic acid Valeric acid Carter LP; Chen W; Wu H; Mehta AK; Hernandez RJ; Ticku MK; Coop A; Koek W; ...
Aceburic acid
7-dione γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (GHBAL) γ-Valerolactone (GVL) Aceturic acid Aceglutamide Ethyl acetoxy ... It is the acetyl ester of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, which is 4-hydroxybutanoic acid), and based on its structural relation to ... Aceburic acid (INN), also known as 4-acetoxybutanoic acid or 4-hydroxybutyric acid acetate, is drug described as an analgesic ... 1052-. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Drugs not assigned ...
Succinic acid
Gamma-Butyrolactone & Polyurethanes), And Segment Forecasts To 2020". Grand View Research. September 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-18 ... 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) can be synthesized using succinic acid as a precursor. The automotive and electronics industries heavily ... This enzyme complex is a 4 subunit membrane-bound lipoprotein which couples the oxidation of succinate to the reduction of ... In humans, three HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases regulate the stability of HIFs. Hydroxylation of two prolyl residues in HIF1α ...
1-Tetralone
The AlCl3-catalyzed acylation of benzene with γ-butyrolactone produces 1-tetralone. 1-Tetralone can be reduced via a Birch ... 4-Phenylbutanoic acid can also be quantitatively converted into 1-tetralone by heating in the presence of a strong Lewis acid ... 4-Phenylbutanoic acid chlorides with electron-donating groups can be cyclized to 1-tetralones under mild reaction conditions in ... 4, pp. 249-266, doi:10.1016/S2225-4110(16)30111-0, PMC 3942903, PMID 24716140 H. Hock; W. Susemihl (1933), "Autoxydation von ...
Ethyl acetoxy butanoate
It is synthesised by the reaction of gamma-butyrolactone and ethyl acetate with sodium ethoxide. 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) 1,6- ... doi:10.1021/jf00016a014 常温下4-乙酰氧基丁酸乙酯的催化合成方法. 1994. CN1047589C v t e (Articles without InChI source, Articles without
Fischer carbene
Casey, Charles P.; Brunsvold, William R. (December 1975). "Synthesis of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone via transition metal ...
Smart cosubstrate
The formation of a thermodynamically stable gamma-butyrolactone as a co-product drives the reaction to completion while ... ChemCatChem 6 (4):973-976. doi:10.1002/cctc.201300841 Zuhse R, Leggewie C, Hollmann F, Kara S (2015) Scaling-Up of "Smart ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as an intelligent cosubstrate has also been validated in non-aqueous media using a commercial ADH. ... The use of 1,4-butanediol as a smart cosubstrate for cofactor regeneration was the next step towards more sustainable redox ...
Ethanol fermentation
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... 79 (4): 283-88. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x. Ribéreau-Gayon, P.; Sapis, J. C. (2019). "On the presence in wine of ...
Beer
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... 79 (4): 283-288. doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03541.x. Ribéreau-Gayon, P.; Sapis, J. C. (1965). "On the presence in wine of ... Roger Protz (4 December 2004). "The Complete Guide to World Beer". Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 21 ... In Belgium, some beers, such as table beer are of such low alcohol content (1%-4%) that they are served instead of soft drinks ...
IARC group 2B
Bleomycin Bracken fern Bromochloroacetic acid Bromodichloromethane 1-Bromopropane Butylated hydroxyanisole β-Butyrolactone ... 1 Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloroethane Hexachlorocyclohexanes Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) 2,4-Hexadienal Human ... 4,6-Trichlorophenol Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) ... 4-Diaminotoluene Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[c,h]acridine 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene Dibenzo ...
Helenin
A comparative study of human and animal sensitivity to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and derivatives". The British ... 66 (4): 186-9. doi:10.1016/s0367-326x(99)00122-7. PMID 20095126. Stampf, J (August 1978). "Allergic contact dermatitis due to ...
Ritanserin
Condensation of this β-keto lactone can be visualized to involve initial attack on the reactive butyrolactone by the primary ... 117-. ISBN 978-0-8247-5660-4. Atkin T, Comai S, Gobbi G (April 2018). "Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology ... 4). Halogenation of the terminal alcohol with phosphorus oxychloride then yields 6-(2-chloroethyl)- 7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a] ... 4-fluorophenyl)methylene)piperidine, [58113-36-3] (6) would complete the synthesis of ritanserin (7). Ketanserin Setoperone J. ...
Streptomyces virginiae
Kinoshita, H; Ipposhi, H; Okamoto, S; Nakano, H; Nihira, T; Yamada, Y (November 1997). "Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor ... 155 (Pt 4): 1250-9. doi:10.1099/mic.0.022467-0. PMID 19332826. Hopwood, David A. (2007). Streptomyces in nature and medicine : ... ISBN 978-4-431-54607-8. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net Straininfo of Streptomyces virginiae UniProt Deutsche ... ISBN 3-642-75617-4. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) Atta-ur-Rahman, edited by (1997). Studies in Natural ...
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
A-factor type γ-butyrolactone 1′-reductase (1S-forming) EC 1.1.1.414: L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.415: noscapine ... EC 1.14.13.141: Now EC 1.14.15.29, cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase [(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate forming] EC 1.14.13.142 ... 4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(3E)-enoyl-CoA-producing] * *No Wikipedia article EC 1.3.2.1: now EC 1.3.99.2 EC 1.3.2.2: now EC 1.3. ... 4-chlorinase * *No Wikipedia article EC 1.14.21.1: Now EC 1.14.19.64, (S)-stylopine synthase EC 1.14.21.2: Now EC 1.14.19.65, ( ...
Tetronic acid
... and abyssomicins possess the β-keto-γ-butyrolactone motif of tetronic acid. In organic synthesis, it is used as a precursor for ... 2,4(3H,5H)-Furandione: Heteroannulations with aromatic o-amino carbonyl compounds and condensations with some vic-polyones". ... 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone "2,4(3H,5H)-Furandione". Sigma-Aldrich. Abdou, Moaz M.; El-Saeed, Rasha A.; Abozeid, Mohamed A.; ... 12 (4): 464-475. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.004. Georgiadis, Dimitris; Zografos, Alexandros (2006). "Synthetic Strategies ...
White-Chen catalyst
... acid directed diastereoselective lactonization of tetrahydrogibberellic acid via a C-H oxidation to form a butyrolactone ... 101 (4): 1032-1033. doi:10.1021/ja00498a040. Chen, Mark S.; White, M. Christina (2007). "A Predictably Selective Aliphatic C-H ...
List of designer drugs
... γ-Butyrolactone GHV, γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (4-Methyl-GHB) GVL, γ-Valerolactone Afloqualone Etaqualone, 2-Ethylnormethaqualone ... 2C-B, "Siberia" 2C-B-AN, Brolphetaminil 2C-B-FLY 2C-C 2C-D, 2C-M 2C-E, "Europa" 2C-G 2C-iP, "Jelena" 2C-I 2C-P 2C-T-2 2C-T-4 2C ... 4'-Bromo-4-methylaminorex, 4'-B-4-MAR, 4B-MAR 4'-Chloro-4-methylaminorex, 4'-C-4-MAR, 4C-MAR 4'-Fluoro-4-methylaminorex, 4'-F-4 ... "4-methyl-N,N-DMC". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 7 April 2015. Weiß JA, Taschwer M, Kunert O, Schmid MG (March 2015). "Analysis of ...
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
... safrole Gamma-butyrolactone (dihydro-2(3H)-furanone) 1,4-butanediol Red Phosphorus White Phosphorus Hypophosphorous acid, its ... Section (4), Subsection (2) of the CDSA reads that any person who obtains or who makes any attempt to obtain a Schedule I ... 4-b)indole) and any salt thereof Harmalol (4,9-dihydro-1-methyl-3H-pyrido(3,4-b)indol-7-ol) and any salt thereof Psilocin (3-[2 ... 2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine) Camazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-(N,N- ...
Iron(III) chloride
This test can be used to detect the presence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone, which cause it to turn red- ... Zhang SY, Huang ZP (2006). "A color test for rapid screening of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) ... Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4 OH− → [Fe(OH)4(H2O)2]− + 4 H2O → [FeO(OH)2(H2O)]− + 6 H2O It is also used as a leaching agent in chloride ... FeCl3·3.5H2O has the structural formula cis-[FeCl2(H2O)4][FeCl4]·3H2O. hexahydrate: FeCl3·6H2O has the structural formula trans ...
Glutaric acid
... can be prepared by the ring-opening of butyrolactone with potassium cyanide to give the mixed potassium ... 4, p. 496 Peter Werle and Marcus Morawietz "Alcohols, Polyhydric" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: 2002, ...
Federal Analogue Act
B) The designation of gamma butyrolactone or any other chemical as a listed chemical pursuant to paragraph (34) or (35) does ... However, a jury in Federal District Court in Chicago in a different case found 1,4-butanediol not to be an analog of GHB under ... It was raised in defense that 1,4-B and GHB contain different functional groups.[citation needed] but these were not held to be ... The controlled drug which it was alleged 1,4-B was substantially similar to was gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). 1,4-B GHB In this ...
SKF-97,541
Koek W, Mercer SL, Coop A (June 2007). "Cataleptic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), its precursor gamma-butyrolactone ( ... its precursor gamma-butyrolactone, and GABA(B) receptor agonists: time course and differential antagonism by the GABA(B) ... 101 (4): 949-57. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14186.x. PMC 1917862. PMID 1964824. Jackson GL, Kuehl D (May 2002). "The GABA(B ...
Punctelia microsticta
... a γ-butyrolactone acid from the lichen Punctelia microsticta". Journal of Natural Products. 62 (11): 1565-1567. doi:10.1021/ ... 113 (4): 728-738. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-113.4.728. Estraboua, Cecilia; Quiroga, Carolina; Rodríguez, Juan Manuel (2014). " ... doi:10.1007/s10661-011-1882-4. Rosato, V.G. (2003). "Lichens found on the bridge "La Postrera" across the Salado river, ...
Lactone
β-propiolactone γ-butyrolactone (GBL) D-glucono-δ-lactone (E575) ε-caprolactone Macrolides Kavalactones Ellagic acid ( ... butyrolactone, avermectins), antibiotics (macrolides like erythromycin; amphotericin B), anticancer drugs (vernolepin, ... γ-lactones are so stable that, in the presence of dilute acids at room temperature, 4-hydroxy acids (R-CH(OH)-(CH2)2-COOH) ... Therefore, the prefixes also indicate the size of the lactone ring: α-lactone = 3-membered ring, β-lactone = 4-membered, γ- ...
Β-Butyrolactone
Entry from β-Butyrolactone from TCI Europe, retrieved on 20 December 2018 Sigma-Aldrich Co., β-Butyrolactone. H. Abe; I. ... According to an IARC classification, β-butyrolactone is assigned to group 2B: "possibly carcinogenic". (R)-β-butyrolactone ... in acetonitrile under microwave irradiation within 1h to β-butyrolactone (74% yield). β-Butyrolactone is a clear liquid that ... β-Butyrolactone is obtained in 63% yield by the addition of ethanal to ethenone (ketene) in the presence of the clay mineral ...
Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons
gamma-Butyrolactone (excluding its derivatives) in non-polymerised form in preparations for domestic and cosmetic use. ... 2,4-Dinitrophenol for human use. Disperse Yellow 3 for use in hair dyes. Dulcin for therapeutic use. Ethylene glycol for use in ... cost of the drug is high, or when there is a risk of dependence The price of many Schedule 4 substances are subsidized by the ... 1,4-Butanediol (excluding its derivatives) in non-polymerised form in preparations for domestic use. Benzyl butyl phthalate for ...
Fluorination by sulfur tetrafluoride
7) Fluorination of lactones can provide heterocyclic fluorides, although ring opening has been observed for γ-butyrolactone. ... 4) Sulfur tetrafluoride can be used to replace a variety of functional groups with partially or fully fluorinated derivatives. ...
Adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase
Mudd SH (July 1959). "The mechanism of the enzymatic cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine to alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactone". The ... 2-aminobutan-4-olide Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and two products, 5'-methylthioadenosine ... and 2-aminobutan-4-olide. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl ...
Tulip
... alin A, or α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, is a common allergen, generated by hydrolysis of the glucoside tuliposide A. It ... 4: Darwin hybrid - single flowers are ovoid in shape and up to 6 cm (2.5 inches) wide. Plants grow 50-70 cm (20-28 inches) tall ... Tulips should be planted 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) apart from each other. The recommended hole depth is 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 ... 4 (3): 24-42. doi:10.2307/1586521. JSTOR 1586521. Tan, Dun-Yan; Zhang, Zhen; Li, Xin-Rong; Hong, De-Yuan (2005). "Restoration ...
3-Dimethylaminoacrolein
... γ-butyrolactone) or cyclic ketones (such as cyclopentanone) form with the vinylamidinium salt of 3-dimethylaminoacrolein and ... 4-disubstituted thiophenes", Tetrahedron Lett., vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1319-1320, doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.12.113 EP 0372654, L. ... ISBN 978-81-317-3144-4 J.T. Zacharia; T. Tanaka; M. Hagashi (2010), "Facile and highly enenatioselective synthesis of (+)- and ...
Cynaropicrin
Its γ-butyrolactone ring is involved in most of its biological functions. The unsaturated carbonyl group on the lactone ring ... 313 (4): 954-961. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.026. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 14706635. Cho, Jae Youl; Kim, Ae Ra; Jung, Jee H.; Chun ... 70 (4): 441-453. doi:10.1007/s11130-015-0503-8. ISSN 1573-9104. PMID 26310198. S2CID 5345360. Suchý, M.; Herout, V.; Šorm, F. ( ... 90 (4): 1918-1930. doi:10.1128/JVI.02030-15. ISSN 1098-5514. PMC 4734011. PMID 26656684. Shimoda, Hiroshi; Ninomiya, Kiyofumi; ...
Ann-Christine Albertsson
... α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, via selective organocatalysis". Polymer. Elsevier BV. 87: 17-25. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.067. ... American Chemical Society (ACS). 4 (8): 4370-4377. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00938. ISSN 2168-0485. Nugroho, Robertus Wahyu N ...
Tryptophol
... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... 251 (4): 907-13. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33779-1. PMID 2607. Laćan, G; Magnus, V; Jericević, B; Kunst, L; Iskrić, S (1984). " ... 76 (4): 889-93. doi:10.1104/pp.76.4.889. PMC 1064400. PMID 16663965. Cornford, Eain M.; Crane, Paul D.; Braun, Leon D.; Bocash ... 71 (4): 411-418. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb02876.x. Richard Seed, John; Seed, Thomas M.; Sechelski, John (1978). "The ...
Peroxymonophosphoric acid
Oxidation of THF with peroxymonophosphoric acid gives γ-butyrolactone. Schmidlin, Julius; Massini, Paul (1910). " ... P 2 O 5 + 2 H 2 O 2 + H 2 O ⟶ 2 H 3 PO 5 {\displaystyle {\ce {P2O5 + 2H2O2 + H2O -> 2H3PO5}}} H 4 P 4 O 12 + 4 H 2 O 2 ⟶ 4 H 3 ... P2O8)4− + H2O + 4 H+ → H3PO5 + H3PO4 Peroxydiphosphoric acid is obtained when phosphoric acid is treated with fluorine or ... 4 (4): 552-558. doi:10.1021/ic50026a024. Ogata, Yoshiro; Tomizawa, Kohtaro; Ikeda, Toshiyuki (1979). "Oxidation of trans- ...
Browsing by Subject "4-Butyrolactone"
Browsing by Subject "4-Butyrolactone"
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
γ-butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hydroxy-butyric acid, γ-lactone. ... 4, 1980; 47 FR 27810, June 25, 1982; 48 FR 10812, Mar. 15, 1983; 48 FR 51907, Nov. 15, 1983; 49 FR 5747, Feb. 15, 1984; 50 FR ... Guaiene; 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropenyl-[delta]9,10-octahydroazulene. Guaiol acetate; 1,4-dimethyl-7-([alpha]-hydroxy-isopropyl)-δ ... 4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate; phenylethyl methyl carbinyl acetate. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol; phenylethyl methyl ethyl carbinol ...
Isocarbophos|Isofenphos-methyl|Phoxim;Baythion;Volaton|Triazophos|DL-r-butyrolactone|3-Methyl-4-methythiophenol|Salicylic acid...
Workplace Medical Mystery:Blurry vision affects a print press operator | Blogs | CDC
EAWAG-BBD: Compound Page, compID# c0033
EAWAG-BBD reactions whose substrate is Butyrolactone *Butyrolactone -----, 4-Hydroxybutanoate (reacID# r0016) [Tetrahydrofuran ... EAWAG-BBD reactions whose product is Butyrolactone *2-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran -----, Butyrolactone (reacID# r0018) * ... Butyrolactone. *Formula: C4H6O2. *MW: 86.09. *SMILES String: O=C1CCCO1. *Synonyms: 1,2-Butanolide; 1,4-Butanolide; 1,4- ... Alpha-Butyrolactone; BLO; BLON; Butyric acid lactone; Butyryl lactone; Butyrylactone; Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; Dihyro-2-furanone ...
Adverse Events Associated with Ingestion of Gamma-Butyrolactone
Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999
Products containing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) * are marketed for many claimed purposes, including to induce sleep, release ... FDA warns about products containing gamma butyrolactone or GBL and asks companies to issue a recall. Rockville, Maryland: US ... Rambourg-Schepens MO, Buffet M, Durak C, Mathieu-Nolf M. Gamma butyrolactone poisoning and its similarities to gamma ... Adverse Events Associated with Ingestion of Gamma-Butyrolactone Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999 ...
Withdrawal Syndromes Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Michigan Public Health Code Section 333.7401a| Controlled Substance to Commit Criminal Sexual Conduct
Delivery of a controlled substance or gamma-butyrolactone to commit criminal sexual conduct is a felony punishable by up to 20 ... Delivery of a controlled substance or gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to commit criminal sexual conduct has four elements, all of ... For more information about delivery of a controlled substance or gamma-butyrolactone to commit criminal sexual conduct and to ... Michigan Public Health Code Section 7401a (MCL 333.7401a): Delivery of a Controlled Substance or Gamma-Butyrolactone to Commit ...
Withdrawal Syndromes Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care
Ghio L, Cervetti A, Respino M, Belvederi Murri M, Amore M. Management and treatment of gamma butyrolactone withdrawal syndrome ... Buprenorphine may be started at a dose of 2-4 mg and titrated to relief of the withdrawal syndrome. Buprenorphine is a partial ... The dosing is 1-4 mg every 5-15 minutes until adequate control of agitation is achieved. Large and rapid doses of lorazepam may ... At that point, the sedative can be tapered by decreasing the dose or lengthening the dosing interval over 3-4 days. ...
Rhodium GHB Synthesis FAQ
Q: Where can I buy butyrolactone/Is it safe to buy butyrolactone? A: I have no idea how the situation is for you in your ... Outlines of a purification of gamma-butyrolactone. US Pat No 4,851,085 Purification of gamma-butyrolactone to remove metal ions ... gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL). Dosage: 0.5-3ml Duration: 2-5 h Qualitative effects: Very similar to GHB. More muscle relaxing and ... gamma-Butyrolactone. Mol wt 86.09; mp -43.53 C; bp 204 C; d 1.12 g/ml CAS No: [96-48-0] Flash point: 98 C Miscible with water, ...
KEGG COMPOUND: C01770
Wisconsin Legislature: 961.14(7)(L)17.
961.14(5)(ag) (ag) Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (commonly known as gamma hydroxybutyrate or "GHB"), gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4- ... 1995 s. 961.14; 1997 a. 220; 1999 a. 21; 2001 a. 16; 2005 a. 52; 2011 a. 31; 2013 a. 267, 351; 2017 a. 4, 60, 100; 2017 a. 364 ... 961.14(7)(p) (p) 4-methylthioamphetamine, commonly known as "4-MTA." 961.14(7)(q) (q) N- benzylpiperazine, commonly known as " ... 961.14(7)(L)30. 30. N,N-diethyl-3,4-methylenedioxycathinone. 961.14(7)(L)31. 31. Alpha-methylamino-valerophenone, commonly ...
CN102603605B - Preparation method of (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide - Google Patents
The method adopts ethyl (S)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride as main raw materials, which has the ... A preparation method of (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide comprises allowing reaction of ethyl glycinate hydrochloride ... and ethyl (S)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate in alcohol solvent and alkaline conditions, filtering, washing, concentrating, ... disclosed method comprises from chiral beta-hydroxy butyrolactone acquisition chirality 3; 4-epoxy butyric ester; products ...
Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Clea, transportation type: Open.
Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Cleaner and other related chemicals..Download Wickr me App and message me using my Wickr ID ... Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Clea HELLO, WE ALL SUPPLIERS OF ASSORTED PAIN KILLERS AND ANXIETYY PAIN Relief Meds, And ... Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Cleaner and other related chemicals... Download Wickr me App and message me using my Wickr ... Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Cleaner and other related chemicals. DBO Cosmetic GHB Corporation GHB-Shop Đai Viet TaiWan ...
Palladium-mediated cyclizations of gamma-oxoallenes: synthesis of structurally modified nucleic acids
gamma butyrolactone tci Archives - Hotchemsales
1,4 Butanediol Market Report 2018: Segmentation by Technology
4 Butanediol Market Report 2018 - 1,4 Butanediol Market Report 2018: Segmentation by Technology (Reppe process, Davy process, ... gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), polyurethane (PU), and other solvents. These chemicals are widely used in fibers, engineering ... Application of 1,4 Butanediol:. THF. PBT. GBL. PU. Others. Regions covered in 1,4 Butanediol Market Research Report: North ... 1,4 Butanediol, commonly known as BDO, is an organic compound predominantly used as a solvent in industrial cleaners and glue ...
Florida Sale of a Controlled Substance Laws | CriminalDefenseLawyer.com
DeCS
91(77); was see under FURANS 1977-90; was GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE see under FURANS 1976. ... 91; was see under FURANS 1977-90; was GAMMA BUTYROLACTONE see under FURANS 1976. ... 4-Butyrolactone - Preferred Concept UI. M0023238. Scope note. One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic ... 4-Butyrolactone Entry term(s). 1,4 Butanolide 1,4-Butanolide 4 Butyrolactone 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone 4-Hydroxybutyric ...
School of Chemistry - Theses
LORAZEPAM
Find Research outputs - Montclair State University
5-trisubstituted γ-butyrolactone phospholipids. Li, X. & Rotella, D. P., 1 Mar 1994, In: Lipids. 29, 3, p. 211-224 14 p.. ... Synthesis of (L)-4-fluorotryptophan. Konas, D. W., Seci, D. & Tamimi, S., 1 Jan 2012, In: Synthetic Communications. 42, 1, p. ... Wu, Q., Zhu, M., Gu, Y. & Rao, N. S. V., 1 Apr 2010, In: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 21, 4, p. 438- ... Yang, J. G. S. & Lauricella, L. J., 1 Jul 2010, In: Journal of Internet Commerce. 9, 3-4, p. 222-242 21 p.. Research output: ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Search
Esters, Alkanoates (Except Acetates): Chemical Identification
DETHERM - Thermophysical Properties & Phase Equilibrium Data of Pure Substances & Mixtures
Quorum-sensing blockade as a strategy for enhancing host defences against bacterial pathogens - Staff
1H NMR Spectrum (FDB008075) - FooDB
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Canada, Genome Alberta, and Genome British Columbia, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canadas national genomics strategy with $900 million in funding from the federal government ...
Lactone2
- It may be slightly yellow colored, but not much if pure enough butyrolactone was used (distillation of the lactone before use takes care of this problem). (erowid.org)
- It is the simplest 4-carbon lactone. (ukadslist.com)
Acid3
- The base catalyzed reaction is our choice here, because the reaction is not reversible like the acid catalyzed one and therefore we will get higher yields, and we will get the sodium salt of GHB, as the free acid is not stable, and will immediately cyclize into gamma-butyrolactone again. (erowid.org)
- 961.14(5)(ag) (ag) Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (commonly known as gamma hydroxybutyrate or "GHB"), gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol. (wisconsin.gov)
- There aren't many legal uses for 4-hydroxybutanoic acid. (ashwoodrecovery.com)
Industrially4
- 1,4-Butanediol is used industrially as a solvent and in the production of certain types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- γ-Butyrolactone is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol at a temperature of 180-300 °C and atmospheric pressure in the presence of a copper catalyst. (exsyncorp.com)
- Delhydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol at 180-300 ° C, atmospheric pressure in the presence of copper catalyst, produces α-Butyrolactone industrially. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- 1,4-Butanediol liquid is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics , elastic fibers and polyurethanes. (whmulei.com)
Controlled substance3
- Delivery of a controlled substance or gamma-butyrolactone to commit criminal sexual conduct is a felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison. (grabellaw.com)
- For more information about delivery of a controlled substance or gamma-butyrolactone to commit criminal sexual conduct and to talk about your case, contact Grabel & Associates at (800) 342-7896. (grabellaw.com)
- Relating to: the proper chemical name of the controlled substance gamma-butyrolactone (suggested as remedial legislation by the department of justice). (wisconsin.gov)
Synthesis2
- In organic chemistry, 1,4-butanediol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL). (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- A catalytic method for synthesis of γ-butyrolactone, ε-caprolactone and 2-cumaranone in the presence of Preyssler's anion, [NaP5W30O110]14-, as a green and reusable catalyst. (edu.pl)
Sodium hydroxide3
- All published preparations of GHB, or more correctly Na-GHB, refluxes butyrolactone with sodium hydroxide in various solvents, usually in aqueous alcohol, but this is not necessary. (erowid.org)
- The addition of gamma-butyrolactone to the sodium hydroxide solution is also exothermic, and if it is added too fast the solution will begin to boil, and we don't want that. (erowid.org)
- These include either GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) or BDO (1,4 butanediol) along with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. (theblackberrycenter.com)
Colorless3
- Butyrolactone is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. (ukadslist.com)
- γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. (exsyncorp.com)
- μ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a colorless hygroscopic water-mixable fluid of low odour. (globalchemicalinc.com)
Butanediol14
- Wojtowicz JM, Yarema MC, Wax PM. Withdrawal from gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol and gamma-butyrolactone: a case report and systematic review. (medscape.com)
- Global 1,4 Butanediol market research report provides company profile for BASF SE (Germany), Dairen Chemicals (Taiwan), LyondellBasell Chemicals (The Netherlands), Shanxi Sanwei Group (China), International Specialty Products (U.S.), Invista (U.S.), Mitsubishi Chemicals (Japan) and Others. (openpr.com)
- 1,4 Butanediol, commonly known as BDO, is an organic compound predominantly used as a solvent in industrial cleaners and glue removers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). (openpr.com)
- The Global 1,4 Butanediol Market analysis report covers detailed value chain analysis of Global 1,4 Butanediol Market. (openpr.com)
- The Global 1,4 Butanediol Market report explores manufacturer's competitive scenario and provides market share for all major players of this market based on production capacity, sales, revenue, geographical presence and other major factors. (openpr.com)
- According to the Drug Enforcement Administration , GHB has a number of analogues known as GBL (gamma butyrolactone) and 1,4 BD (1,4-butanediol). (ashwoodrecovery.com)
- However, there may be defenses, and you should not hesitate to find an experienced Bradenton 1,4-butanediol lawyer if you suspect you are being investigated for trading 1,4-butanediol. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- Taking 1,4-butanediol with alcohol increases drowsiness and drowsiness caused by alcohol. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- Do not take 1,4-butanediol if you have been drinking. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- World production of 1,4-butanediol is expected to be about one million tonnes per year and the market price is around US€2,000 (€1,600) per tonne (2005). (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- 9] 1,4-Butanediol is also used as a recreational drug, known by some users as „One Comma Four", „Liquid Fantasy", „One Four Bee" or „One Four B-D-O". Some federal courts have found that 1,4-butanediol has similar effects to γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolite of 1,4-butanediol. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- 1,4-Butanediol is converted by the body into another chemical called GHB. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- Taking naloxone with 1,4-butanediol may reduce the effect of 1,4-butanediol and GHB on the brain. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
- Ritonavir may decrease how quickly the body gets rid of 1,4-butanediol. (fabryka-detailingu.pl)
20221
- 2022 Jan. 18 (1):4-10. (medscape.com)
20212
- The report gives the detailed overview of Global Gamma-Butyrolactone Market 2021 and predicts future market trends throughout 2027. (kaafweb.com)
- The Global Gamma-Butyrolactone Market is poised to grow strongly throughout the forecast period 2021- 2027. (kaafweb.com)
Catalyst1
- One pot catalytic syntheses of substituted 1,8-naphthyridines and 2 H -pyrano[3,2- g ]quinolin-2-ones by the reaction of α-ketoalkynes with 6-aminonicotinamide and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin respectively in water, using a homogeneous nickel catalyst at very mild reaction conditions are described. (heterocycles.jp)
Products3
- Products containing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) * are marketed for many claimed purposes, including to induce sleep, release growth hormone, enhance sexual activity and athletic performance, relieve depression, and prolong life. (cdc.gov)
- The prices at the online suppliers for purchasing gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Online or any other related products is reasonable and affordable by all. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- A detailed analysis of the key industry players has been done to provide insights into their business overview, products and services, key strategies such as new product launches, mergers & acquisitions, partnerships, agreements, joint ventures, and recent developments associated with the Gamma-Butyrolactone market. (kaafweb.com)
Compound1
- Goates J.R.: (Solid + liquid) phase equilibria and solid-compound formation in tetrachloromethane + cyclopentanone, + 4-butyrolactone, and + 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. (ddbst.com)
Purity1
- We are one of the world's top suppliers of the S-HGB (s)-3-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone(Excellent purity, Highest Quality, and best Grade) available online in Australia and worldwide. (ads4uk.com)
Liquid1
- Bylicki A.: (Solid + liquid) phase equilibria at atmospheric pressure for (N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one + 3,4-dimethylphenol). (ddbst.com)
Chemical2
- It is an important intermediate chemical for tetrahydrofuran and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), polyurethane (PU), and other solvents. (openpr.com)
- With Global Chemical Inc you can order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) online at good rates and also at convenient responsive delivery service. (globalchemicalinc.com)
Systematic1
- The effectiveness of lorazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. (ncats.io)
Specifications1
- The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. (lookchem.com)
19983
- On November 26, 1998, a 24-year-old man vomited and had seizures shortly after drinking 3-4 oz of Revivarant. (cdc.gov)
- On October 31, 1998, a 24-year-old man (patient 4) and a 26-year-old man (patient 5) each drank 10-13 oz of Revivarant while drinking alcohol at a bar. (cdc.gov)
- 1998 Dec. 52(12):772-4. (medscape.com)
Chemicals1
- Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Cleaner and other related chemicals. (collectioncar.com)
Ethanol1
- Breath ethanol levels were 0.09% (patient 4) and 0.15% (patient 5). (cdc.gov)
Scope1
- The scope of the report covers detailed information regarding the major factors influencing the growth of the Gamma-Butyrolactone market such as drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities. (kaafweb.com)
MOPPP1
- 5. 4-methoxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, commonly known as MOPPP. (wisconsin.gov)
Mephedrone1
- 3. 4-methylmethcathinone, commonly known as mephedrone or 4-MMC. (wisconsin.gov)
MDMA1
- 11. 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone, commonly known as methylone or bk-MDMA. (wisconsin.gov)
Commonly known12
- 4. 4-methylethcathinone, commonly known as 4-MEC. (wisconsin.gov)
- 6. 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, commonly known as MDPPP. (wisconsin.gov)
- 10. 4-fluoromethcathinone, commonly known as 4-FMC or flephedrone. (wisconsin.gov)
- 13. 4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone, commonly known as MPBP. (wisconsin.gov)
- 14. 4-methoxymethcathinone, commonly known as methedrone or bk-PMMA. (wisconsin.gov)
- 16. 3,4-methylenedioxyethcathinone, commonly known as ethylone or bk-MDEA. (wisconsin.gov)
- 21. 4-ethylmethcathinone, commonly known as 4-EMC. (wisconsin.gov)
- 25. 4-bromomethcathinone, commonly known as 4-BMC. (wisconsin.gov)
- 27. 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone, commonly known as MDPBP. (wisconsin.gov)
- 28. 4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone, commonly known as MPHP. (wisconsin.gov)
- 32. 4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, commonly known as 4-MePPP. (wisconsin.gov)
- 37. 4-methyl-alpha-ethylainopentiophenone, commonly known as 4-MEAP. (wisconsin.gov)
Type1
- Buy GBL (Gamma butyrolactone) Wheel Clea, transportation type: Open. (collectioncar.com)
Order5
- You can order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) online as a wheel cleaner, paint cleaner and you can also order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) for industrial use. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- So you can see how easy it is with us to order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) cleaner online. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- You can order GBL gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Online to USA, Europe and why not world wide. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- You can easily contact an online store using your devices right at your place and order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) Online. (globalchemicalinc.com)
- There is no need to travel anywhere anymore you can always order gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) online with us. (globalchemicalinc.com)
Good1
- When everything has dissolved to form a clear solution, slowly add 250ml (280 g, 3.25 moles) of gamma-butyrolactone in 50 ml portions with good stirring. (erowid.org)
Presence1
- At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catelysts, the diol undergoes dehyrogenation to form butyrolactone. (whmulei.com)
Alcohol1
- BDO is a saturated carbon-4 straight-chain dibasic alcohol. (openpr.com)
Usage1
- Some of the distinguished trends that the market is witnessing include regulatory restrictions, the growing usage of Gamma-Butyrolactone in several end user segments, recent technological developments of the industry and growth investment opportunities. (kaafweb.com)
Review1
- Ghio L, Cervetti A, Respino M, Belvederi Murri M, Amore M. Management and treatment of gamma butyrolactone withdrawal syndrome: a case report and review. (medscape.com)