AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
4-Aminobutyrate TransaminaseTransaminasesAminobutyratesIodobenzoatesAlanine TransaminaseAminocaproatesPyridoxamineKetoglutaric AcidsAspartate AminotransferasesSuccinate-Semialdehyde DehydrogenasePyridoxal PhosphateGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsD-Alanine TransaminaseBrainSwinegamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamatesOrganic Anion TransportersKineticsGlutamate DecarboxylaseEncyclopedias as Topictau ProteinsPhosphorylationProtein Kinase CMolecular Sequence DataSterol O-AcyltransferasePubMedPeriodicals as TopicOxaloacetic AcidMetagenomeBooksCaproatesStreptomycetaceaeStreptomycesStreptomyces coelicolorActinobacteriaAcetylcholinesteraseCholinesterase InhibitorsCholinesterasesSarinSialorrheaEsterasesPralidoxime CompoundsAromatic-L-Amino-Acid DecarboxylasesLevodopaCarbidopaBenserazide5-HydroxytryptophanDopamineDopa DecarboxylaseSearch EngineInformation Storage and RetrievalBarth SyndromeTripterygiumMedication AdherenceInternet
4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase
An enzyme that converts brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID) into succinate semialdehyde, which can be converted to succinic acid and enter the citric acid cycle. It also acts on beta-alanine. EC 2.6.1.19.
Transaminases
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.
Aminobutyrates
Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.
Iodobenzoates
Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.
Alanine Transaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.
Aminocaproates
Amino derivatives of caproic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the amino caproic acid structure.
Pyridoxamine
The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate.
Ketoglutaric Acids
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that plays a role in the GLUTAMATE and butanoate metabolism pathways by catalyzing the oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to SUCCINATE using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Deficiency of this enzyme, causes 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Pyridoxal Phosphate
This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that regulates extracellular levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They differ from GABA RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. They control GABA reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through high-affinity sodium-dependent transport.
D-Alanine Transaminase
A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between D-Alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form PYRUVATE and D-GLUTAMATE, respectively. It plays a role in the synthesis of the bacterial CELL WALL. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 2.6.1.10.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Glutamates
Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.
Organic Anion Transporters
Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Glutamate Decarboxylase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
tau Proteins
Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Sterol O-Acyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Oxaloacetic Acid
A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.
Metagenome
A collective genome representative of the many organisms, primarily microorganisms, existing in a community.
Books
Caproates
Derivatives of caproic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated six carbon aliphatic structure.
Streptomycetaceae
A family of soil bacteria. It also includes some parasitic forms.
Streptomyces
A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.
Streptomyces coelicolor
A soil-dwelling actinomycete with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation. It is involved in the production of a number of medically important ANTIBIOTICS.
Actinobacteria
Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than 80% 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence similarity among each other and also the presence of certain signature nucleotides. (Stackebrandt E. et al, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:479-491)
Acetylcholinesterase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.
Cholinesterases
Sarin
An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.
Sialorrhea
Increased salivary flow.
Esterases
Pralidoxime Compounds
Various salts of a quaternary ammonium oxime that reconstitute inactivated acetylcholinesterase, especially at the neuromuscular junction, and may cause neuromuscular blockade. They are used as antidotes to organophosphorus poisoning as chlorides, iodides, methanesulfonates (mesylates), or other salts.
Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases
An enzyme group with broad specificity. The enzymes decarboxylate a range of aromatic amino acids including dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA DECARBOXYLASE); TRYPTOPHAN; and HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN.
Levodopa
The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
Carbidopa
An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.
Benserazide
An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.
5-Hydroxytryptophan
The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Dopa Decarboxylase
One of the AROMATIC-L-AMINO-ACID DECARBOXYLASES, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of DOPA to DOPAMINE. It is of clinical importance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Search Engine
Software used to locate data or information stored in machine-readable form locally or at a distance such as an INTERNET site.
Information Storage and Retrieval
Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.
Barth Syndrome
Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. Barth syndrome is transmitted in an X-linked recessive pattern. The syndrome is characterized by muscular weakness, growth retardation, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, variable NEUTROPENIA, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (type II) and decreases in mitochondrial CARDIOLIPIN level. Other biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities also exist.
Tripterygium
A plant genus of the family CELASTRACEAE that is a source of triterpenoids and diterpene epoxides such as triptolide.
Medication Adherence
Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.
Internet
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

A correlation between changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism and seizures induced by antivitamin B6. (1/160)

The effects of DL-penicillamine (DL-PeA), hydrazine and toxopyrimidine (TXP, 2-methyl-6-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in mouse brain were studied. All these compounds inhibited the activity of glutamate decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.15] (GAD) and slightly inhibited that of 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.19] (GABA-T). In contrast, very different effects were observed on GABA levels; hydrazine caused a marked increase, DL-PeA had no effect, and TXP caused a slight decrease in the content of the amino acid. These results could be described by an equation which related the excitable state to changes in the flux of the GABA bypass. Since the values obtained from the equation clearly reflect the seizure activity, it is suggested that the decreased GABA flux might be a cause of convulsions induced by these drugs.  (+info)

The irreversible gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl-GABA blocks cocaine self-administration in rats. (2/160)

gamma-Vinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (GVG) is an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, the primary enzyme involved in GABA metabolism. Acute administration of GVG increases brain GABA levels and blocks cocaine-induced locomotor activity, cocaine-induced lowering of brain stimulation reward thresholds, and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. To further evaluate the effects of GVG on cocaine-induced reward, we examined its effects on cocaine self-administration in male Wistar rats on fixed ratio 5 and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Additionally, the effects of GVG on operant responding for a food reward were examined on the same two schedules to determine whether the effects of GVG were specific to cocaine reward or generalized to other types of reward. GVG dose dependently decreased responding for cocaine on both schedules of reinforcement, suggesting that GVG attenuated the reward value of the cocaine. Responding for food was also decreased by GVG, suggesting that the effects of increased GABA levels induced by GVG may have a general effect on central reward systems. Data from this and other studies indicate that GVG does not induce motor impairment, decrease spontaneous locomotor activity, or induce catalepsy. Taken together, these data suggest that increases in GABAergic activity induced by GVG have an attenuating effect on centrally mediated reward systems and that the GABA system may be a useful target in the development of new therapeutic strategies for cocaine addiction.  (+info)

The mature size of rat 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase is different in liver and brain. (3/160)

The amino acid sequence predicted from a rat liver cDNA library indicated that the precursor of beta-AlaAT I (4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, beta-alanine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) consists of a mature enzyme of 466 amino acid residues and a 34-amino acid terminal segment, with amino acids attributed to the leader peptide. However, the mass of beta-AlaAT I from rat brain was larger than that from rat liver and kidney, as assessed by Western-blot analysis, mass spectroscopy and N-terminal sequencing. The mature form of beta-AlaAT I from the brain had an ISQAAAK- peptide on the N-terminus of the liver mature beta-AlaAT I. Brain beta-AlaAT I was cleaved to liver beta-AlaAT I when incubated with fresh mitochondrial extract from rat liver. These results imply that mature rat liver beta-AlaAT I is proteolytically cleaved in two steps. The first cleavage of the motif XRX( downward arrow)XS is performed by a mitochondrial processing peptidase, yielding an intermediate-sized protein which is the mature brain beta-AlaAT I. The second cleavage, which generates the mature liver beta-AlaAT I, is also carried out by a mitochondrial endopeptidase. The second peptidase is active in liver but lacking in brain.  (+info)

Effects of blocking GABA degradation on corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in selected brain regions. (4/160)

PURPOSE: The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) degradation blocker gamma-vinyl-GABA (VGB) is used clinically to treat seizures in both adult and immature individuals. The mechanism by which VGB controls developmental seizures is not fully understood. Specifically, whether the anticonvulsant properties of VGB arise only from its elevation of brain GABA levels and the resulting activation of GABA receptors, or also from associated mechanisms, remains unresolved. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a neuropeptide present in many brain regions involved in developmental seizures, is a known convulsant in the immature brain and has been implicated in some developmental seizures. In certain brain regions, it has been suggested that CRH synthesis and release may be regulated by GABA. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that VGB decreases CRH gene expression in the immature rat brain, consistent with the notion that VGB may decrease seizures also by reducing the levels of the convulsant molecule, CRH. METHODS: VGB was administered to immature, 9-day-old rats in clinically relevant doses, whereas littermate controls received vehicle. RESULTS: In situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated a downregulation of CRH mRNA levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus but not in other limbic regions of VGB-treated pups compared with controls. In addition, VGB-treated pups had increased CRH peptide levels in the anterior hypothalamus, as shown by radioimmunoassay. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a reduction of both CRH gene expression and secretion in the hypothalamus, but do not support an indirect anticonvulsant mechanism of VGB via downregulation of CRH levels in limbic structures. However, the data support a region-specific regulation of CRH gene expression by GABA.  (+info)

Effect of gonadal steroids and gamma-aminobutyric acid on LH release and dopamine expression and activity in the zona incerta in rats. (5/160)

A dopaminergic system in the zona incerta stimulates LH release and may mediate the positive feedback effects of the gonadal steroids on LH release. In this study the mechanisms by which steroids might increase dopamine activity in the zona incerta were investigated. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine whether the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on LH release in the zona incerta are due to suppression of dopamine activity in this area or conversely whether the stimulatory effects of dopamine on LH release are due to suppression of a tonic inhibitory GABAergic system. Ovariectomized rats were treated s.c. with oil, 5 micrograms oestradiol benzoate or 5 micrograms oestradiol benzoate followed 48 h later by 0.5 mg progesterone, and killed 54 h after the oestradiol benzoate injection. At this time the LH concentrations were suppressed in the oestradiol benzoate group and increased in the group treated with oestradiol benzoate and progesterone. The ratio of tyrosine hydroxylase:beta-actin mRNA in the zona incerta was significantly increased by the oestradiol benzoate treatment, but the addition of progesterone resulted in values similar to those in the control group. At the same time, the progesterone treatment increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the zona incerta as indicated by an increase in L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) accumulation after 100 mg 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloric acid (NSD1015) kg-1 and an increase in dopamine release as indicated by a increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations (one of the major metabolites of dopamine). Ovariectomized rats treated with oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone were also injected i.p. with 75 mg gamma-acetylenic GABA kg-1 (a GABA transaminase inhibitor) to increase GABA concentrations in the brain. This treatment had no effect on the ratio of tyrosine hydroxylase:beta-actin mRNA but decreased L-DOPA accumulation and DOPAC concentrations in the zona incerta, indicating a post-translational inhibition of dopamine synthesis and release. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with oestradiol benzoate followed by 100 mg L-DOPA i.p. to increase dopamine concentrations in the whole brain had no effect on glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA expression in the zona incerta, although it increased the glutamic acid decarboxylase:beta-actin mRNA ratio in other hypothalamic areas (that is, the medical preoptic area, ventromedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus). In conclusion, the steroids act to increase dopamine activity in different ways: oestrogen increases tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression and progesterone acts after translation to increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine release (as indicated by increases in DOPAC concentrations). This latter effect may be due to progesterone removing a tonic GABAergic inhibition from the dopaminergic system.  (+info)

The inhibitory effects of (gamma)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth hormone secretion in the goldfish are modulated by sex steroids. (6/160)

Double-labelling studies at the electron microscopic level demonstrated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive nerve endings are associated with growth-hormone-secreting cells in the proximal pars distalis of the goldfish pituitary gland, suggesting that GABA may be important for the control of growth hormone release in this species. An in vitro assay for GABA-transaminase activity demonstrated that the pituitary is a site for the metabolism of GABA to succinic acid. In vitro, GABA or the GABA antagonists bicuculline and saclofen did not affect the rate of growth hormone release from dispersed pituitary cells in static incubation. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of GABA reduced serum growth hormone levels within 30 min. During the seasonal gonadal cycle, intraperitoneal injection of GABA was without effect in sexually regressed goldfish, but caused a significant decrease in serum growth hormone levels in sexually recrudescent animals. Intraperitoneal implantation of solid silastic pellets containing oestradiol increased serum GH levels fivefold in sexually regressed and recrudescent goldfish; in both groups, GABA suppressed the oestradiol-stimulated increase in circulating growth hormone levels. The effect of oestradiol on basal serum growth hormone levels was specific since progesterone and testosterone were without effect. However, in recrudescent animals treated with progesterone and testosterone, the inhibitory effects of GABA on serum growth hormone levels were absent, indicating a differential role for these steroids in growth hormone release. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GABA has an inhibitory effect on growth hormone release in goldfish.  (+info)

Recovery of visual field constriction following discontinuation of vigabatrin. (7/160)

Epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin may develop symptomatic or asymptomatic concentric visual field constriction due to GABA-associated retinal dysfunction. The prevalence and course of this side effect are not established yet; in previously reported adult patients the visual disturbances seem to be irreversible. We present two patients with a significant improvement of visual field constriction and retinal function after the discontinuation of vigabatrin. These findings suggest that vigabatrin-associated retinal changes are at least partly reversible in some patients, and that these patients may benefit significantly from a withdrawal of vigabatrin. Larger scale clinical studies are needed to identify predictive factors both for the occurrence and reversibility of vigabatrin-associated visual field defects.  (+info)

Increased mesolimbic GABA concentration blocks heroin self-administration in the rat. (8/160)

Opiate reinforcement has been hypothesized to be mediated by an inhibition of mesolimbic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release that subsequently disinhibits ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons. In support of this hypothesis, this study demonstrates that when administered directly into the lateral ventricle, the VTA, or the ventral pallidum, but not the nucleus accumbens, gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG, an irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor, 20-50 microg) dose dependently blocked heroin (0.06 mg/kg) self-administration (SA), as assessed by an increase in heroin SA at low doses of GVG and an initial increase followed 1 to 2 h later by a blockade of heroin SA at higher GVG doses. This effect lasted 3 to 5 days. In drug-naive rats, intra-VTA GVG pretreatment also prevented or delayed acquisition of heroin SA for 2 days. This GVG effect was prevented or reversed by systemic or intra-VTA pretreatment with the GABA(B) antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen, but not the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline. Similarly, coadministration of heroin with aminooxy-acetic acid (1-4 mg/kg) or ethanolamine-O-sulfate (50-100 mg/kg), two reversible GABA transaminase inhibitors, dose dependently reduced heroin reinforcement. Coadministration of (+/-)-nipecotic acid (0.1-5 mg/kg) with heroin, or intra-VTA or -ventral pallidum pretreatment with (+/-)-nipecotic acid (10 microg) or NO-711 (2 microg), two GABA uptake inhibitors, significantly increased heroin SA behavior, an effect also blocked by systemic 2-hydroxysaclofen, but not bicuculline. Taken together, these experiments, for the first time, demonstrate that pharmacological elevation of mesolimbic GABA concentration blocks heroin reinforcement by activating GABA(B) receptors, supporting the GABAergic hypothesis of opiate reinforcement and the incorporation of GABA agents in opiate abuse treatment.  (+info)

GFIT result for T00913GFIT result for T00913
tr:Q7UCQ0_SHIFL] gabT1; 4-aminobutyrate transaminase,4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase PuuE,4-aminobutyrate transaminase,4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and related aminotransferases,4-aminobutyrate transaminase,Aminotransferase class-III; K00823 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.19] ...
http://www.kegg.jp/ssdb-bin/www_ssget?ebw:BWG_1134
GFIT result for T02256GFIT result for T02256
gabT1; 4-aminobutyrate transaminase,4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase PuuE,4-aminobutyrate transaminase,4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and related aminotransferases,4-aminobutyrate transaminase,Aminotransferase class-III; K00823 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.19] ...
http://www.kegg.jp/ssdb-bin/www_ssget?eso:O3O_11810
GABA-T - Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase | AcronymFinderGABA-T - Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase | AcronymFinder
How is Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase abbreviated? GABA-T stands for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase. GABA-T is defined as Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase very rarely.
https://www.acronymfinder.com/Glutamic-Acid-Decarboxylase-and-GABA-Transaminase-
gabT - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase - Mycobacterium bovis (strain ATCC BAA-935 / AF2122/97) - gabT gene & proteingabT - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase - Mycobacterium bovis (strain ATCC BAA-935 / AF2122/97) - gabT gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P63505
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Sequence Similarity Search - BLASTSequence Similarity Search - BLAST
cqu:CpipJ_CPIJ008729 K13524 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase / (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22] , (RefSeq) 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (A) MIDGLRNLLSALVNRPALGVFPGEDWPAKLQNVLMSVAPTGLDHVTTMMCGSCSNENAFK NIFIWYQSQLRGKAPFSEKEIASSMVNQAPGAPKLSILSFHGAFHGRTLGCLSTTHSKYI HKIDIPSFDWPIASFPKYRYPLEENVRENAQEDARCLAEVEGLIEAYAKKGIPVAGIIVE PIQSEGGDNEASPEFFQNLQKIAKRHGSALLIDEVQTGGGPTGKLWCHEHFNLDSPPDVV TFSKKMQLGGYYHAAHMKPAQPYRVFNTWMGDPGKLLLLESILKVIKQESLLKNVEKTGA KLKAGLLQAQNEFPTLLNSARGRGTFLAINCASTKLRDDIVAALKQKGVLSGGCGEISIR FRPALIFQERHVDIFLDKFRQVLKELK ...
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/search_sequence?prog=blast&seqid=cqu:CpipJ_CPIJ008729+aa
Sequence Similarity Search - BLASTSequence Similarity Search - BLAST
sud:ST398NM01_2652 K00823 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.19] , (GenBank) 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (A) MDSIHNDMTVFSRDIKSNVVIDVGKVIIRIRSVNGRGMYMSKAHQLIQEDEHYFAKSGRI KYYPLVIDHGYGATLVDIEGKTYIDLLSSASSQNVGHAPREVTEAIKAQVDKFIHYTPAY MYHESLVRLAKKLCEIAPGDFEKRVTFGLTGSDANDGIIKFARAYTGRPYIISFTNAYHG STFGSLSMSAISLNMRKHYGPLLNGFYHIPFPDKYRGMYEQPQANSVEEYLAPLKEMFAK YVPADEVACIVIETIQGDGGLLEPVPGYFEALEKICREHGILIAVDDIQQGFGRTGTWSS VSHFNFTPDLITFGKSLAGGMPMSAIVGRKEIMNCLEAPAHLFTTGANPVSCEAALATIQ MIEDQSLLQASAEKGEYVRKRMNQWVSKYNSVGDVRGKGLSIGIDIVSDKKLKTRDASAA LKICNYCFEHGVVIIAVAGNVLRFQPPLVITYEQLDTALNTIEDALTALEAGNLDQYDIS GQGW ...
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/search_sequence?prog=blast&seqid=sud:ST398NM01_2652+aa
The Arabidopsis pop2-1 mutant reveals the involvement of GABA transaminase in salt stress tolerance | BMC Plant Biology | Full...The Arabidopsis pop2-1 mutant reveals the involvement of GABA transaminase in salt stress tolerance | BMC Plant Biology | Full...
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non protein amino acid that has been reported to accumulate in a number of plant species when subjected to high salinity and many other environmental constraints. However, no experimental data are to date available on the molecular function of GABA and the involvement of its metabolism in salt stress tolerance in higher plants. Here, we investigated the regulation of GABA metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana at the metabolite, enzymatic activity and gene transcription levels upon NaCl stress. We identified the GABA transaminase (GABA-T), the first step of GABA catabolism, as the most responsive to NaCl. We further performed a functional analysis of the corresponding gene POP2 and demonstrated that the previously isolated loss-of-function pop2-1 mutant was oversensitive to ionic stress but not to osmotic stress suggesting a specific role in salt tolerance. NaCl oversensitivity was not associated with overaccumulation of Na+ and Cl- but mutant showed a slight decrease in K+.
https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2229-10-20
GABA-T - What does GABA-T stand for? The Free DictionaryGABA-T - What does GABA-T stand for? The Free Dictionary
Looking for online definition of GABA-T or what GABA-T stands for? GABA-T is listed in the Worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/GABA-T
RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase GabT - B2HN70 (B2HN70 MYCMM)RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase GabT - B2HN70 (B2HN70 MYCMM)
The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/B2HN70
enzymes are proteins - Boston University School of Medicine :Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (Kenneth Walsh)enzymes are proteins - Boston University School of Medicine :Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (Kenneth Walsh)
GABA enzymatic assay package. We developed an enzymatic assay system enabling simple quantification of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The response of GABA aminotransferase obtained from Streptomyces decoyicus NBRC 13977 was mixed to these of the beforehand developed glutamate assay system utilizing glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. Read more…. ...
https://www.kwalshlab.org/tag/enzymes-are-proteins/
enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by - Boston University School of Medicine :Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (Kenneth...enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by - Boston University School of Medicine :Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (Kenneth...
GABA enzymatic assay package. We developed an enzymatic assay system enabling simple quantification of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The response of GABA aminotransferase obtained from Streptomyces decoyicus NBRC 13977 was mixed to these of the beforehand developed glutamate assay system utilizing glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. Read more…. ...
https://www.kwalshlab.org/tag/enzymes-speed-up-biochemical-reactions-by/
monoclonal antibody for covid-19 - Gemini Genomicsmonoclonal antibody for covid-19 - Gemini Genomics
GABA enzymatic assay equipment. We developed an enzymatic assay system enabling straightforward quantification of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The response of GABA aminotransferase obtained from Streptomyces decoyicus NBRC 13977 was mixed to these of the beforehand developed glutamate assay system utilizing glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. […]. ...
https://gemini-genomics.com/tag/monoclonal-antibody-for-covid-19/
Early Preclinical Work Leading to the Development of Gabapentin - Medicinal ChemistryEarly Preclinical Work Leading to the Development of Gabapentin - Medicinal Chemistry
Gabapentin was conceived as part of a drug discovery program to treat neurological diseases, including epilepsy, spasticity, multiple sclerosis, and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This program began in the early 1970s at the German company, Goedecke, A.G., in Freiburg, Germany, which was a part of Warner-Lambert (now incorporated into Pfizer). The history of this project included chemical attempts to inhibit g-amino-butyric acid (GABA) degradation in brain with compounds that inhibited the catalytic pyridoxylphosphate of GABA-transaminase. It had already been known for some time that GABA was a key inhibitory neurotransmitter, and that experimental chemical impairment of GABA systems could cause seizures in experimental animals. The GABA transaminase project at Goedecke had progressed a compound to phase I clinical trials, but these were halted because of safety concerns. The chemical matter developed within the GABA transaminase project had no direct relationship to the chemical ...
https://www.mussenhealth.us/medicinal-chemistry/early-preclinical-work-leading-to-the-development-of-gabapentin.html
Anti-ABAT/GABA-T antibody (ab152134) | AbcamAnti-ABAT/GABA-T antibody (ab152134) | Abcam
Rabbit polyclonal ABAT/GABA-T antibody. Validated in WB, IHC, ICC/IF and tested in Mouse, Rat, Human. Cited in 1 publication(s). Immunogen corresponding to recombinant fragment.
https://www.abcam.com/abatgaba-t-antibody-ab152134.html
EC 2.6.1.65EC 2.6.1.65
Accepted name: N6-acetyl-β-lysine transaminase. Reaction: 6-acetamido-3-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 6-acetamido-3-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate. Other name(s): ε-acetyl-β-lysine aminotransferase. Systematic name: 6-acetamido-3-aminohexanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Comments: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.. Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, CAS registry number: 71768-10-0. References: 1. Bozler, G., Robertson, J.M., Ohsugi, M., Hensley, C. and Barker, H.A. Metabolism of L-β-lysine in a Pseudomonas: conversion of 6-N-acetyl-L-β-lysine to 3-keto-6-acetamidohexanoate and of 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semialdehyde by different transaminases. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 197 (1979) 226-235. [PMID: 44448]. ...
http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/6/1/65.html
Plus itPlus it
The high frequency and poor prognosis of breast-to-brain metastasis (BBM) indicates the need for detailed studies of metastatic breast cancer cells, the brain microenvironment, and the interactions between the two that lead to breast cancer colonization and proliferation. Because neurotransmitters are a major component of the brain microenvironment, we examined fresh tissue and cells from recent surgical specimens of BBM to determine if they expressed CNS-specific neurotransmitter characteristics. We found that BBM cells expressed higher levels of the classical neurotransmitter receptors relative to primary breast cancer, and that, overall, they had a GABAergic phenotype similar to that of neuronal cells. Specifically, GABAAR, GAD67, GABA transporter, and GABA transaminase were highly expressed in BBM cells indicating that they utilize GABA. Moreover, we determined BBM cells exploit the GABA shunt in order to enhance energy production and proliferative potential in vitro. BBM cells also ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/73/3_Supplement/A21
Asam valproatAsam valproat
per hari • Hubungan pengobatan dengan umur Tidak ada hubungan antara umur dengan pengobatan • Hubungan riwayat penyakit dengan obat Sejak umur 6 bulan pasien mengalami kejang dan sebelumnya pasien mendapat terapi depakene • Hubungan pengobatan dengan data klinik dan data laboratorium Tidak ada hubungan antara pengobatan dengan data klinik dan data laboratorium pasien, hanya dilihat dari anamnesa pasien yang mengalami kejang dan riwayat pengobatan pasien • Interaksi obat Tidak ada interaksi dengan obat lain yang digunakan dalam terapi • Efek samping Sakit kepala, pusing, mual, muntah, diare, dispepsia, lemah • Aturan pemakaian Diminum 3 x sehari • Lama penggunaan Digunakan selama pengobatan hingga kejang sembuh atau hilang • Harga obat Brandname • Mekanisme Asam valproat mengikat dan menghambat GABA transaminase. Aktivitas antikonvulsi obat tersebut mungkin berkaitan dengan konsentrasi otak yang meningkat dari gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), penghambat neurotransmitter di SSP. ...
https://id.scribd.com/doc/94004072/Asam-valproat
endogenous benzodiazepinesendogenous benzodiazepines
In article 50734 at ucl.ac.uk, charles at anatomy.ucl.ac.uk (Charles King) writes: ,Since GABA is an amino acid, eating it is going to have no effect ,whatsoever, as itll just get used in building proteins in the ,rest of the body. what counts is what gets released into the synaptic ,cleft. , While GABA gets metabolised into glutamte by GABA transaminase, its been pointed out to me that I should have said that the real reason eating GABA has no effect is because it, like glutamte, doesnt cross the blood-brain barrier. --- Charles King charles at anat.ucl.ac.uk ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1996-January/022253.html
EC 1.2.1.1 to 50EC 1.2.1.1 to 50
EC 1.2.1.19. Accepted name: aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase. Reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+. For diagram click here.. Glossary: 4-aminobutanoate = γ-aminobutyrate = GABA. Other name(s): ABAL dehydrogenase; 4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; 4-aminobutanal dehydrogenase; γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydroganase; 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase; ABALDH; YdcW; γ-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ambiguous). Systematic name: 4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase. Comments: The enzyme from some species exhibits broad substrate specificity and has a marked preference for straight-chain aldehydes (up to 7 carbon atoms) as substrates [9]. The plant enzyme also acts on 4-guanidinobutanal (cf. EC 1.2.1.54 γ-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase). As 1-pyrroline and 4-aminobutanal are in equilibrium and can be interconverted spontaneously, 1-pyrroline may act as the starting substrate. The enzyme forms part of the arginine-catabolism pathway [8] and belongs in the ...
http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC1/0201a.html
RCPA - Pathology TestsRCPA - Pathology Tests
A2M single QLD A2ML1 single QLD A2ML1 single QLD AAAS single QLD AAAS single QLD AARS single QLD AARS2 single QLD AARS2 single QLD AASS single QLD ABAT single QLD ABAT single QLD ABAT single QLD ABCA1 single QLD ABCA1 single QLD ABCA1 single QLD ABCA12 single QLD ABCA12 single QLD ABCA3 single QLD ABCA4 single QLD ABCA4 single QLD ABCB1 single QLD ABCB11 single QLD ABCB4 single QLD ABCB6 single QLD ABCB6 single QLD ABCB7 single QLD ABCC11 single QLD ABCC3 single QLD ABCC6 single QLD ABCC6 single QLD ABCC8 single QLD ABCC8 single QLD ABCC8 single QLD ABCC9 single QLD ABCC9 single QLD ABCC9 single QLD ABCD1 single QLD ABCD1 single QLD ABCD1 single QLD ABCD1 single QLD ABCD1 single QLD ABCD2 single QLD ABCD3 single QLD ABCD4 single QLD ABCD4 single QLD ABCG2 single QLD ABCG5 single QLD ABCG5 single QLD ABCG8 single QLD ABCG8 single QLD ABHD12 single QLD ABHD12 single QLD ABL1 single QLD ABL1 single QLD ABL1 single QLD ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain mutation analysis Single CHRISTCHURCH ABL2 single QLD ...
https://www.rcpa.edu.au/Manuals/RGTL/Pathology-Tests
Fatty Acid SynthaseFatty Acid Synthase
Furthermore to key jobs in embryonic neurogenesis and myelinogenesis, -aminobutyric acidity (GABA) acts as the principal inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter. amounts in the mind and liver, anticipated using a defect in mitophagy, and morphologically unusual mitochondria. Administration of rapamycin to these mice decreased mTOR Trametinib activity, decreased the raised mitochondrial amounts, and normalized aberrant antioxidant amounts. These outcomes confirm a book function for GABA in cell signaling and high light potential pathomechanisms and remedies in various individual pathologies, including SSADH insufficiency, and also other diseases seen as a elevated degrees of GABA. gene which encodes the SSADH enzyme, resulting in increased degrees of GABA and its own metabolite, GHB, in sufferers (Gibson and mutant from the GABA shunt pathway, partly inhibited pexophagy set alongside the WT, as proven by the hold off in degradation from the peroxisomal matrix proteins, Pot1, on the 12-h period ...
http://www.biographysoftware.com/?cat=286
ABAT Antibody (PA5-43723)ABAT Antibody (PA5-43723)
Invitrogen Anti-ABAT Polyclonal, Catalog # PA5-43723. Tested in Western Blot (WB) applications. This antibody reacts with Bovine, Canine, Equine, Goat, Guinea Pig, Human, Mouse, Rabbit, Rat, Yeast, Zebrafish samples. Supplied as 100 µl purified antibody (0.5 mg/mL).
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/ABAT-Antibody-Polyclonal/PA5-43723
Browsing NTNU Open by Author Prosdocimo, GiuliaBrowsing NTNU Open by Author Prosdocimo, Giulia
Torrini, Consuelo; Cubero, Ryan John Abat; Dirkx, Ellen; Braga, Luca; Ali, Hashim; Prosdocimo, Giulia; Gutierrez, Maria Ines; Collesi, Chiara; Licastro, Danilo; Zentilin, Lorena; Mano, Miguel; Zacchigna, Serena; Vendruscolo, Michele; Marsili, Matteo; Samal, Areejit; Giacca, Mauro (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019) ...
https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/browse?value=Prosdocimo,%20Giulia&type=author
Repeat impacts with 11 2 m/s velocity and more than 9 3-m | camk kinasesRepeat impacts with 11 2 m/s velocity and more than 9 3-m | camk kinases
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA IS a well known clinical entity characterized by agonizing, paroxysmal, and lancinating facial pain, often triggered by movements of the mouth or eating. Historical reviews of facial pain have attempted to describe this severe pain over the past 2.5 millennia. The ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates,. Aretaeus, and Galen, described kephalaigias, but their accounts were vague and did not clearly correspond with what we now term trigeminal neuralgia. The first adequate description of trigeminal 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase neuralgia was given in 1671, followed by a fuller description by physician John Locke in 1677. Andre described the convulsive-like condition in 1756, and named it tic douloureux; in 1773, Fothergill described it as a painful affection of the face; and in 1779, John Hunter more clearly characterized the entity as a form of nervous disorder with reference to pain of the teeth, gums, or tongue where the disease does not reside. One hundred ...
https://camkkinases.com/repeat-impacts-with-11-2-ms-velocity-and-more-than-9-3-m
Aminobutyric Acids - Aminobutyric Acid Summary Report | CureHunterAminobutyric Acids - Aminobutyric Acid Summary Report | CureHunter
Aminobutyric Acids: Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID.
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD000613-Aminobutyric-Acids-Aminobutyric-Acid.do
γ-Aminobutyric acid stimulates intrinsic inhibitory and excitatory nerves in the guinea-pig intestine<...γ-Aminobutyric acid stimulates intrinsic inhibitory and excitatory nerves in the guinea-pig intestine<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - γ-Aminobutyric acid stimulates intrinsic inhibitory and excitatory nerves in the guinea-pig intestine. AU - Krantis, Anthony. AU - Costa, Marcello. AU - Furness, John B.. AU - Orbach, Joseph. PY - 1980/1/1. Y1 - 1980/1/1. N2 - The sites of action of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were examined in preparations of the distal colon and ileum of guinea pigs. GABA caused transient relaxations of the longitudinal and circular muscle of the colon and transient constractions followed by relaxation of the muscle of the ileum. The responses of both parts of the intestine were antagonized by tetrodotoxin and by bicuculline. Nerve-free preparations of the longitudinal muscle of the ileum were not affected by GABA, even in concentrations up to 10−4 g/ml. There was a marked tachyphylaxis of the responses to GABA. Relaxations in response to GABA were not affected by pentolinium or by a combination of phetolamine and propranolol. Contractions in response to GABA were blocked by hyoscine. Neither ...
https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/%CE%B3-aminobutyric-acid-stimulates-intrinsic-inhibitory-and-excitator
The Occurrence of 7-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Containing Cells in Cultures of Retinas from the Human Fetus - Semantic ScholarThe Occurrence of 7-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Containing Cells in Cultures of Retinas from the Human Fetus - Semantic Scholar
1. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity is demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in a small population of retinal neurons cultured from human fetuses. 2. Positive staining was restricted to a few cells and could be observed as soon as the cells became attached to the substrate (within 5 hr). It is therefore concluded that the GABA-positive cells are determined prenatally. 3. The GABA-positive cells grow processes during development in culture and remain constant in numbers. These cells have a different morphology from either GFAP-positive cells or serotinin-accumulating cells. 4. It is suggested that the GABA-positive cells in culture are probably amacrine neurones. 5. Cultures of human retinal dissociates may therefore provide an alternative means of studying specific cell types should a constant supply of living human retinas be difficult to obtain. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity is demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in a small
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Occurrence-of-7-Aminobutyric-Acid-GABA-Contain-Osborne-Beaton/4293ccc197d141dabd7656c587f9a5889b9df423
PathWhizPathWhiz
GABA(γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that can be accumulated via permease-mediated uptake by Uga4p, Put4p, and Gap1p. GABA can also be produced via glutamate degradation by the glutamate decarboxylase, this variant of the pathway includes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent 4-aminobutyrate transaminase and an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. This combination of enzymes has been documented in bacteria and animals and in some plants. Regarding the hydrogenase, NAD-specific variants have been studied from many bacteria, plant and animals ...
https://smpdb.ca/pathwhiz/pathways/PW002382?image_type=greyscale
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), γ-[2,3-3H(N)]-, Specific Activity: 70-100Ci (2.59-3.70TBq)/mMole, 1mCi (37MBq) | PerkinElmerAminobutyric Acid (GABA), γ-[2,3-3H(N)]-, Specific Activity: 70-100Ci (2.59-3.70TBq)/mMole, 1mCi (37MBq) | PerkinElmer
1 mCi quantities of Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), ?-[2,3-3H(N)]- , Specific Activity: 70-100Ci/mMole are available for your research. Application of [3H] GABA can be found in: effects of diazepam in pharmacology biochemistry/behavior, in vivo release in cat caudate nucleus in brain research, electrically evoked release from rat cerebral cortex in pharmacology, uptake by oligodendrocytes in autoradiographic and immunocytochemical studies, etc. ...
https://www-punchout.perkinelmer.com/product/aminobutyric-acid-gamma-2-3-3h-n-gab-net191x001mc
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), γ-[2,3-3H(N)]-, Specific Activity: 70-100Ci (2.59-3.70TBq)/mMole, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmerAminobutyric Acid (GABA), γ-[2,3-3H(N)]-, Specific Activity: 70-100Ci (2.59-3.70TBq)/mMole, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmer
250 µCi quantities of Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), ?-[2,3-3H(N)]- , Specific Activity: 70-100Ci/mMole are available for your research. Application of [3H] GABA can be found in: effects of diazepam in pharmacology biochemistry/behavior, in vivo release in cat caudate nucleus in brain research, electrically evoked release from rat cerebral cortex in pharmacology, uptake by oligodendrocytes in autoradiographic and immunocytochemical studies, etc. ...
https://www-punchout.perkinelmer.com/product/aminobutyric-acid-gamma-2-3-3h-n-gab-net191x250uc
Efficient γ-aminobutyric acid editing at 3T without macromolecule contamination: MEGA-SPECIAL. - Department of PsychiatryEfficient γ-aminobutyric acid editing at 3T without macromolecule contamination: MEGA-SPECIAL. - Department of Psychiatry
One of the most commonly used methods for in vivo MRS detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the MEGA-point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) technique. However, accurate quantification of GABA using MEGA-PRESS is complicated by spectral co-editing of macromolecular resonances. In this article, a new pulse sequence is presented which enables GABA editing at 3T with the removal of macromolecule contamination. This sequence combines the conventional MEGA editing scheme with the SPECIAL localisation technique, and is therefore named MEGA-SPECIAL. Simulations and phantom experiments indicate that this new approach provides improved GABA editing efficiency relative to MEGA-PRESS, and in vivo results demonstrate effective removal of macromolecule contamination. In a study of the occipital lobe of five healthy volunteers, the macromolecule-corrected GABA/creatine ratio was found to be 0.093 ± 0.007 (mean ± standard deviation), whereas prior to macromolecule correction, the ratio was found to be 0.173
https://www.psych.ox.ac.uk/publications/139483
Plus itPlus it
GABA Release. Cerebral cortical neurons in culture were pre-loaded with [3H]GABA (1 μM, 0.1 μCi) for 30 min in the presence of 10 μM vigabatrin to irreversibly inactivate GABA-transaminase, thereby blocking GABA metabolism (Drejer et al., 1987; Gram et al., 1988). Individual cultures (35-mm Petri dishes) were subsequently placed in a superfusion apparatus (Drejer et al., 1987) at 37°C equipped with peristaltic pumps, and the cells were superfused at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. Fractions from the outlet were collected every 30 s, and at the end of the experiments, radioactivity was determined in all fractions. During the superfusion, either 200 μM nonradioactive GABA or 200 μM EF1502 was added to the superfusion medium for 2 min. Results were expressed as counts per minute per fraction collected. It should be noted that since the baseline of the GABA release during the entire superfusion period was constant no major loss of intracellular [3H]GABA occurred during this period.. Animals. Male ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/312/2/866
Search ResultsSearch Results
From GenBANK (gi:120777): GabD of E. coli catalyzes the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP(+) + H2O = succinate + NADPH, involved in the 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) degradation pathway. GabD belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family ...
http://stdgen.northwestern.edu/cgi-bin/gene_id_search.cgi?dbname=ngon&gene_id=NG1061
KAKEN - Researchers | ODA Susumu (90049156)KAKEN - Researchers | ODA Susumu (90049156)
Affiliation：International University of Health and Welfare,Professor,教授, Research Field：広領域,公衆衛生学,体育学,Public health/Health science, Keywords：高密度生活空間,Alcoholism,高周波音,脳波,環境音,精神鑑定,Cholecystokinin B receptor,GABA-Transaminase,GABA autoreceptor,Genetic risk factor, # of Research Projects：11, # of Research Products：0
https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/nrid/1000090049156/
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg: ArbeitsgebieteMedizinische Fakultät Heidelberg: Arbeitsgebiete
The complex organisation of central synapses offers multiple mechanisms for regulation and modulation of synaptic strength. We focus on inhibitory synapses in the mammalian CNS which use GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) as transmitter. The availability of GABA is regulated by its synthesis, degradation and after release-uptake. In situations of over-excitability, the GABA-synthetizing enzyme GAD is up-regulated while a decrease of neuronal activity leads to a down-regulation of GAD. Thus, cellular GABA content seems to be an activity-dependent, variable parameter. We propose that the presynaptic GABA metabolism is a true and autonomous mechanism of synaptic plasticity. We are presently testing this hypothesis using various electrophysiological, histological and biochemical techniques. ...
http://www.medizinische-fakultaet-hd.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php?id=110992&L=de
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg: ArbeitsgebieteMedizinische Fakultät Heidelberg: Arbeitsgebiete
The complex organisation of central synapses offers multiple mechanisms for regulation and modulation of synaptic strength. We focus on inhibitory synapses in the mammalian CNS which use GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) as transmitter. The availability of GABA is regulated by its synthesis, degradation and after release-uptake. In situations of over-excitability, the GABA-synthetizing enzyme GAD is up-regulated while a decrease of neuronal activity leads to a down-regulation of GAD. Thus, cellular GABA content seems to be an activity-dependent, variable parameter. We propose that the presynaptic GABA metabolism is a true and autonomous mechanism of synaptic plasticity. We are presently testing this hypothesis using various electrophysiological, histological and biochemical techniques. ...
http://www.medizinische-fakultaet-hd.uni-heidelberg.de/Arbeitsgebiete.110992.0.html?L=deEmeriti-und-Professoren-im-Ruhestand.111225.0.html
GABAB ReceptorsGABAB Receptors
γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, signals through ionotropic (GABAA/C) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptor systems
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000234.html
Switch to Europe/Worldwide websiteSwitch to Europe/Worldwide website
GABA (?-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and interacts with three different receptors:…
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/gabra3-antibody.htm?ab_applications=WB
L-Amino Acids-Shanghai Brightol International. Co.,LTdL-Amino Acids-Shanghai Brightol International. Co.,LTd
Name: 4-Aminobutyric acid. Synonyms:Piperidic acid; Piperidinic acid; GABA; gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Molecular Formula: C4H9NO2. Molecular Weight: 103.12. CAS Registry Number: 56-12-2. EINECS: 200-258-6. Water solubility: Soluble. ...
http://brightol.com/content/?332.html
Medical Journal by Dr.Abat | Tendinopatia tratamiento (ENG)Medical Journal by Dr.Abat | Tendinopatia tratamiento (ENG)
In this article, we recommend to start with the less invasive ones, moving towards more invasive options in case the conservative treatment fails.
https://www.ferranabat.com/consenso-europeo-sobre-tendinopatia-parte-2-tratamientos-eng/
EMBL: CP000386.PE405EMBL: CP000386.PE405
CP000386.PE405 Location/Qualifiers FT CDS complement(443797..445194) FT /codon_start=1 FT /transl_table=11 FT /locus_tag=Rxyl_0412 FT /product=aminotransferase FT /EC_number=2.6.1.- FT /note=TIGRFAM: 2,4-diaminobutyrate 4-transaminase; PFAM: FT aminotransferase class-III; KEGG: ava:Ava_2839 FT diaminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Gn:Rxyl_0412 FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Tr:ABG03386 FT /db_xref=GOA:Q1AYZ2 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR004637 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR005814 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR015421 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR015422 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR015424 FT /db_xref=UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q1AYZ2 FT /protein_id=ABG03386.1 FT /translation=MREGENTLRAESTAAFRARKGLSEGLLERQAARESNARTYPRSIP FT IAVSRARGPYVWDADGRRYLDCLSGAGTLALGHNHPVVVEAIREVLDRGGPLHTLDLAT FT PVKDRFVEELFGSLPRRFAERARIHFCGPAGADAVEAAVKLAKTATGRETVLSFSGGYH FT GMTHGALSLTGKLAPKEPLAGLMPGVHFLPYPYGYRCPFGVGGEDGWRVGARYVERLLD FT DPESGVKRPAAMVLEVVQGEGGSIPAPDGWVREMRRITRERGIPLIVDEIQTGLGRTGT FT ...
http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/acnuc-search-pe?query=CP000386.PE405&db=EMBL&ident=ACNUC7421
Papers with the keyword Alzheimers AND EPPS | Read by QxMDPapers with the keyword Alzheimers AND EPPS | Read by QxMD
Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by the transition of amyloid-β (Aβ) monomers into toxic oligomers and plaques. Given that Aβ abnormality typically precedes the development of clinical symptoms, an agent capable of disaggregating existing Aβ aggregates may be advantageous. Here we report that a small molecule, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulphonic acid (EPPS), binds to Aβ aggregates and converts them into monomers. The oral administration of EPPS substantially reduces hippocampus-dependent behavioural deficits, brain Aβ oligomer and plaque deposits, glial γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and brain inflammation in an Aβ-overexpressing, APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model when initiated after the development of severe AD-like phenotypes ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/85184
Natural solutions to reduce stress and improve sleep | Homegrown Foods LtdNatural solutions to reduce stress and improve sleep | Homegrown Foods Ltd
Lead a better quality of life with these natural solutions to reduce your stress & give you better sleep. Results within 2 weeks using Cyracos to reduce GABA-T
https://homegrownfoods.ca/blogs/news/reduce-stress-and-improve-sleep
The heterogeneity of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase of certain mammalian species | SpringerLinkThe heterogeneity of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase of certain mammalian species | SpringerLink
Es wird mit Hilfe der Elektrophorese nachgewiesen, dass Glutaminsäure-Oxalessigsäure-Transaminase im Gegensatz zu Glutaminsäure-Brenztraubensäure-Transaminase in zwei verschiedenen Fraktionen des...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02157963
Aminooxyacetic acid - WikipediaAminooxyacetic acid - Wikipedia
Aminooxyacetic acid, often abbreviated AOA or AOAA, is a compound that inhibits 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) activity in vitro and in vivo, leading to less gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) being broken down. Subsequently, the level of GABA is increased in tissues. At concentrations high enough to fully inhibit 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity, aminooxyacetic acid is indicated as a useful tool to study regional GABA turnover in rats. Aminooxyacetic acid is a general inhibitor of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes (this includes GABA-T). It functions as an inhibitor by attacking the Schiff base linkage between PLP and the enzyme, forming oxime type complexes. Aminooxyacetic acid inhibits aspartate aminotransferase, another PLP-dependent enzyme, which is an essential part of the malate-aspartate shuttle. The inhibition of the malate-aspartate shuttle prevents the reoxidation of cytosolic NADH by the mitochondria in nerve terminals. Also in the nerve terminals, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency - WikipediaSuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency - Wikipedia
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families. The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations. Later cases reported in the early 1990s began to show that hypotonia, hyporeflexia, seizures, and a nonprogressive ataxia were frequent clinical features as well. SSADH deficiency is caused by an enzyme deficiency in GABA degradation. Under normal conditions, SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Chatham Strain Passport - StrainInfoChatham Strain Passport - StrainInfo
Moraxella catarrhalis aminobutyrate aminotransferase (goaG) and type III restriction-modification system methyltransferase (mod) genes, complete cds; and type III restriction-modification system restriction endonuclease (res) gene, partial ...
http://www.straininfo.net/strains/102506
Di-n-propylessigsaure - Antimanic Agents, GABA Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Anticonvulsants, ATC:N03AG01Di-n-propylessigsaure - Antimanic Agents, GABA Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Anticonvulsants, ATC:N03AG01
Valproic Acid is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia. In epileptics, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Valproic Acid is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA (as a GABA transaminase inhibitor) in the human brain. Valproic Acid dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. Valproic acid has also been shown to be an inhibitor of an enzyme called histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). HDAC1 is needed for HIV to remain in infected cells. A study published in August 2005 revealed that patients treated with valproic acid in addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed a 75% reduction in latent HIV infection ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Di-n-propylessigsaure.html
Myproic Acid - Antimanic Agents, GABA Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Anticonvulsants, ATC:N03AG01Myproic Acid - Antimanic Agents, GABA Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Anticonvulsants, ATC:N03AG01
Valproic Acid is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia. In epileptics, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Valproic Acid is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA (as a GABA transaminase inhibitor) in the human brain. Valproic Acid dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. Valproic acid has also been shown to be an inhibitor of an enzyme called histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). HDAC1 is needed for HIV to remain in infected cells. A study published in August 2005 revealed that patients treated with valproic acid in addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed a 75% reduction in latent HIV infection ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Myproic_Acid.html
Brain Excitability in Patients With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govBrain Excitability in Patients With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Objective: To study cortical excitability, electroencephalography patterns, nerve conduction velocity, and sleep patterns, in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive pediatric neurotransmitter disease associated with elevated levels of brain gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter. The clinical phenotype includes mental retardation, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric manifestations.. Study Population: Patients with SSADH deficiency, parents of patients (who are obligate heterozygotes), and healthy volunteers.. Design: This is a natural history study in which subjects will have a series of neurophysiological tests. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that allows for measures of cortical excitation and inhibition. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures baseline brain electrical activity. Nerve conduction studies measure the speed of conduction of impulses by peripheral nerves. Polysomnography ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00132366?cond=%22argininosuccinic+aciduria%22+OR+%22amino+acid+metabolism%2C+inborn+errors%22&rank=11
Production of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid and (S)-2-aminobutanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Microbial Cell Factories | Full TextProduction of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid and (S)-2-aminobutanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Microbial Cell Factories | Full Text
We show that expression of B. subtilis threonine deaminase, combined with expression of a mutated form of E. coli glutamate dehydrogenase leads to the production of 0.40 ± 0.02 mg/L of (S)-2-aminobutyric acid in shake flask-grown S. cerevisiae cells. The higher production in E. coli achieved by Zhang and co-workers [26] is perhaps due to the special properties of the E. coli strain employed, which can produce 8 g/L l-threonine from 30 g/L glucose. Nevertheless, we rationalize that yeast is indeed a superior production host for (S)-2-aminobutanol production, as it displays higher robustness and considerable tolerance against harsh fermentation conditions. Yeast is also more resistant towards exposure to (S)-2-aminobutanol (Additional file 1: Figure S4). Moreover, the fermentation of yeasts is easily implemented into existing ethanol productions plants, and there are no issues with phage contamination. S. cerevisiae is classified as GRAS (generally regarded as safe) organism; thereby further ...
https://microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12934-017-0667-z
L-2-Aminobutyric acid - Creative PeptidesL-2-Aminobutyric acid - Creative Peptides
Creative Peptides offers L-2-Aminobutyric acid for your research. We also provide custom peptide synthesis, process development, GMP manufacturing.
https://www.creative-peptides.com/product/l-aminobutyric-acid-item-cp02902-27941.html
D-3-Aminobutyric acid - Creative PeptidesD-3-Aminobutyric acid - Creative Peptides
Creative Peptides offers D-3-Aminobutyric acid for your research. We also provide custom peptide synthesis, process development, GMP manufacturing.
https://www.creative-peptides.com/product/d-aminobutyric-acid-item-cp03002-26125.html
Differential protein mobility of the γ-aminobutyric acid, type A, receptor α and β subunit channel-lining segments -...Differential protein mobility of the γ-aminobutyric acid, type A, receptor α and β subunit channel-lining segments -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Differential protein mobility of the γ-aminobutyric acid, type A, receptor α and β subunit channel-lining segments. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/differential-protein-mobility-of-the-%CE%B3-aminobutyric-acid-type-a-r-2/fingerprints/
GHB TestingGHB Testing
GHB is thought to be extensively metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase and/or succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Metabolic precursors to GHB, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4 butanediol are also readily available as substances of abuse. Endogenous GHB is also a produce to GABA metabolism, and concentrations of 0-6.6 mg/L have been reported. Oral doses of approximately 2.5 g (1 teaspoon of GHB powder) dissolved in water, produce urine GHB concentrations of 29 mg/L in a 100 kg man.. Studies also indicate peak urine GHB concentrations of 100 mg/L following a 100 mg/kg oral dose, and no detectable drug in the urine by 12 hours. Less than 5% of an oral dose is eliminated unchanged in urine. To distinguish between endogenous and exogenous GHB, a reporting cutoff of 10 µg/mL is suggested.. How do I collect the urine and send in a specimen? ...
http://www.pinnaclehealthonline.com/?page_id=21
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in human pancreatic islets is altered in type 2 diabetes. | Lund University Diabetes...γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in human pancreatic islets is altered in type 2 diabetes. | Lund University Diabetes...
RESULTS: The GABA signalling system was compromised in islets from type 2 diabetic individuals, where the expression of the genes encoding the α1, α2, β2 and β3 GABA(A) channel subunits was downregulated. GABA originating within the islets evoked tonic currents in the cells. The currents were enhanced by pentobarbital and inhibited by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, SR95531. The effects of SR95531 on hormone release revealed that activation of GABA(A) channels (GABA(A) receptors) decreased both insulin and glucagon secretion. The GABA(B) receptor antagonist, CPG55845, increased insulin release in islets (16.7 mmol/l glucose) from normoglycaemic and type 2 diabetic individuals ...
https://www.ludc.lu.se/erik-renstrom/publication/1e84761d-dfd9-4896-8bf6-c85987feac45
Dymatize Gaba Gamma Aminobutyric Acid - The CAVE Nutrition StoreDymatize Gaba Gamma Aminobutyric Acid - The CAVE Nutrition Store
Known for quality and proven performance, Dymatize GABA is the choice of athletes and serious trainers worldwide. Dymatize GABA mixes easily and can be used by itself or blended into shakes or other beverages.. ...
https://thecavenutritionstore.com/product/dymatizegabagammaaminobutyricacid/?add_to_wishlist=9351
dadA - D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - dadA gene & proteindadA - D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - dadA gene & protein
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. Has broad substrate specificity; is mostly active on D-alanine, and to a lesser extent, on several other D-amino acids such as D-methionine, D-serine and D-proline, but not on L-alanine. Participates in the utilization of L-alanine and D-alanine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy for growth. Is also able to oxidize D-amino acid analogs such as 3,4-dehydro-D-proline, D-2-aminobutyrate, D-norvaline, D-norleucine, cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and DL-ethionine.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0A6J5
PDF Archive: PDF SearchPDF Archive: PDF Search
Fjalor Anglisht Shqip abat - abbot, ABAT, the ABAT, the Abbot abdikim - disclaimer, disavowal, disclamation, abdication, demise aborti - abortion is, abortion, the abortion, abortions, an abortion abrogim - the abolition, abolition absolutisht - utterly, absolutely, is absolutely absolutizëm - enlightened absolutism, of absolutism, absolutism absorboj - absorb, absorb the, offset the abstrakt - an abstract, abstract, the abstract absurd - ludicrous, nonsensical, absurdly, farcical acar - the frost, freezing cold, bleakness, frost acaroj - sharpen, chafe, nettle, fluster, peeve acid - acidic, the acid aciditet - of acidity, level of acidity, acidity, acidity of adapt - ADAPT adaptoj - adapt the, adopt, adapt, simple adapting aderim - accession by, adherence, accession, accession to aderoj - adhere adet - mode, habitude, manners, custom adhurim - worship, delight, adoration, deification, idolatry adhuroj - worship, adore, and worship, deify, bow adhuronjës - idolatrous adhurueshëm - adorable, ...
https://www.pdf-archive.com/pdf-search.php?q=aeroport
Gaba-T Sap 60 CapsGaba-T Sap 60 Caps
Other ingredient: Vegetable magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, and a NON-GMO vegetable capsule composed of vegetable hypromellose and purified water.. Contains no: Preservatives, artificial flavor or color, sugar, dairy, starch, wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, citrus, or eggs.. Caution and warning: Consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.. Do not use if seal is broken. Keep out of reach of children.. * These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.. ...
http://www.bayho.com/p/653015.html
pharmagaba vs gabapharmagaba vs gaba
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or γ-aminobutyric acid / ˈ ɡ æ m ə ə ˈ m iː n oʊ b juː ˈ t ɪr ɪ k ˈ æ s ɪ d /, or GABA / ˈ ɡ æ b ə /, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system.Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the ...
https://boekhandeldeoorsprong.nl/7412_pharmagaba-vs-gaba.html
Getting to the Bottom of Fecal Transplants | DNA Science BlogGetting to the Bottom of Fecal Transplants | DNA Science Blog
Also altered pre- and post-transplant were levels of spermidine and putrescine, foul-smelling organic compounds initially isolated from rotting meat and semen, respectively. They produce odors reminiscent of rotting flesh, halitosis, and, despite the name, the piscine-like scent of a vaginal bacterial infection.. Some biochemical pathways that didnt work well in the throes of a bout with C. diff recovered after the treatment. Other pathways revved up after treatment, such as changes in glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) metabolism that indicate stressed bacteria.. But remembering biochem isnt necessary to follow the terrific mBio paper, because a beautifully clear figure lists the pathways on the left, and color-coded sets of three horizontal bars on the right: red for pre-FMT, green for post-FMT, and blue for the donor material. The green bars inch along from red to blue as the microbial community recovers.. The study confirmed efficacy. Five of the 14 participants still ...
http://blogs.plos.org/dnascience/2014/06/26/getting-bottom-fecal-transplants/
Ensembl genome browser 67: Homo sapiens - Structural Variation - Gene: ABAT (ENSG00000183044)Ensembl genome browser 67: Homo sapiens - Structural Variation - Gene: ABAT (ENSG00000183044)
This view is a gene level view. To access the transcript level displays select a Transcript ID in the table above and then navigate to the information you want using the menu at the left hand side of the page. To return to viewing gene level information click on the Gene tab in the menu bar at the top of the page. ...
http://may2012.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/StructuralVariation_Gene?g=ENSG00000183044
SAMU MEDIAN CO.,LTD.SAMU MEDIAN CO.,LTD.
Ivermectin acts directly on neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and exterminate the parasite with anesthetizing nervous system. It exterminates both of internal and external parasites simultaneously with only low volume dose ...
http://www.samu.co.kr/ENGLISH/product/view.asp?PK=3&PC=AA&strS=ALL&PrdCode=5121&page=10
Vigabatrin - FDA prescribing information, side effects and usesVigabatrin - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Vigabatrin official prescribing information for healthcare professionals. Includes: indications, dosage, adverse reactions, pharmacology and more.
https://www.drugs.com/pro/vigabatrin.html
Jenelles JourneyJenelles Journey
So, we now have to make a decision between two drugs. One drug is the ACTH steroid. ACTH is FDA approved (and covered by insurance), begins in the hospital, is an injection that must be given twice a day for 6 weeks, has serious, life threatening side effects (including decreased immune system) and has a 50% chance of working. Once treatment begins, well know within 2 weeks if it is working, and if it stops her seizures, she is done with the drug in 6 weeks and may never need it again, unless she has a relapse. The side effects are reversible. The other drug is called Vigabatrin (Sabril) which is not FDA approved and must be obtained in either Canada or Mexico. Vigabatrin comes in pill form, and does not have the severe side effects associated with ACTH (including the fact that it will not alter her immune system, and she does not need hospitalization.) Vigabatrin has been in use everywhere except the US for 10 years, and has not been approved by the FDA because there is a report that some ...
http://jenellesjourney.blogspot.com/2003/09/we-traveled-to-ucla-to-meet-with-dr.html
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase elisa and antibodyKynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase elisa and antibody
Shop Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=kynurenine-oxoglutarate-transaminase
Transaminase high problem? How should be treated? Infected Infectious Medicine Rehabilitation BlogTransaminase high problem? How should be treated? Infected Infectious Medicine Rehabilitation Blog
Transaminase high problem? How should be treated?,Patient: I have big 3 this world, in the past two years has been the high transaminase, then after a period of time after the medication tre
http://www.scleritis.net/infectious-medicine/infected/NEEJF.html
Antične rimske merske enote - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaAntične rimske merske enote - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Rimljani so dneve združevali v osemdnevne cikle, imenovane nundina. Vsak osmi dan je bil semanji dan. Astrologi so neodvisno od nundinae uporabljale sedemdnevni cikel, imenovan hebdomada, v katerem so posamezni dnevi predstavljali enega od sedmih klasičnih planetov. Prvi dan v tednu je bil Saturnov dan, kateremu so sledili Sončev, Lunin, Marsov, Merkurjev, Jupitrov in Venerin dan. Domneva se, da se je astrološki dan začel s sončnim vzhodom. Sedemdnevni koledar, ki se je začenjal v soboto zvečer, so uporabljali tudi Judje. Sedmi dan v tednu se je imenoval šabat, druge dneve v tednu pa so številčili. Izjema je bil petek, ki se je imenoval parasceve (priprava) ali šesti dan. Judovski dnevi so se začenjali s sončnim zahodom. Kristjani so privzeli judovski sedemdnevni teden. Prvi dan v tednu je bila Dominica ali Gospodov dan. Konstantin Veliki je v čast Neosvojenega sonca, varuha svoje družine, leta 321 nedeljo razglasil za dela prost dan, s čimer je v rimsko družbo uvedel ...
https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dne_rimske_merske_enote
How Uganda is turning waste into power | World Economic ForumHow Uganda is turning waste into power | World Economic Forum
Ugandas largest slaughterhouse runs 24 hours a day, turning up to 700 cattle, 200 sheep and 300 chickens each day into meat for the local market. But the energy-thirsty Kampala City Abat...
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/02/how-uganda-is-turning-waste-into-power
Glutamate decarboxylaseGlutamate decarboxylase
14 (4): 280-6. doi:10.1038/nsmb1228. PMID 17384644.. *^ a b c Battaglioli G, Liu H, Martin DL (August 2003). "Kinetic ... doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70039-4. PMID 21419704.. *^ Manto MU, Hampe CS, Rogemond V, Honnorat J (February 2011). "Respective ... doi:10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00114-4.. *^ Feldblum S, Erlander MG, Tobin AJ (April 1993). "Different distributions of GAD65 and ... Several truncated transcripts and polypeptides of GAD67 are detectable in the developing brain,[4] however their function, if ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies
Tyrosine hydroxylaseTyrosine hydroxylase
ISBN 978-0-470-12316-4. PMID 8638482.. *^ a b c Nagatsu T (1995). "Tyrosine hydroxylase: human isoforms, structure and ... 4 (7): 578-85. doi:10.1038/nsb0797-578. PMID 9228951.. *^ Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Stevens RC (Sep 1998). "Crystal structure of ... 14 (4): 455-67. doi:10.2174/092986707779941023. PMID 17305546.. *^ Thöny B, Auerbach G, Blau N (Apr 2000). "Tetrahydrobiopterin ... 26 (22): 6910-4. doi:10.1021/bi00396a007. PMID 2892528.. *. Le Bourdellès B, Boularand S, Boni C, Horellou P, Dumas S, Grima B ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase
Glutamate decarboxylaseGlutamate decarboxylase
14 (4): 280-6. doi:10.1038/nsmb1228. PMID 17384644.. *^ Battaglioli G, Liu H, Martin DL (August 2003). "Kinetic differences ... doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70039-4. PMID 21419704.. *^ Manto MU, Hampe CS, Rogemond V, Honnorat J (February 2011). "Respective ... doi:10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00114-4.. *^ Feldblum S, Erlander MG, Tobin AJ (April 1993). "Different distributions of GAD65 and ... chromosomes 4 and 10 respectively).[1] [2] GAD67 and GAD65 are expressed in the brain where GABA is used as a neurotransmitter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid_decarboxylase
gamma-Aminobutyric acidgamma-Aminobutyric acid
GABA transaminase inhibitors: gabaculine, phenelzine, valproate, vigabatrin, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis).[76] ... GABA transaminase enzymes catalyze the conversion of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) into ... transaminase genes in plants or Pseudomonas syringae reduce bacterial virulence". Plant J. 64 (2): 318-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ... using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity". Phytother Res. 23 (8): 1075-81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2712. PMID 19165747. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid
gamma-Aminobutyric acidgamma-Aminobutyric acid
GABA-transaminase inhibitors: gabaculine, phenelzine, valproate, vigabatrin, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis).[59] ... GABA transaminase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) into ... GABA-transaminase) deficiency. References[edit]. *^ Dawson RM, Elliot DC, Elliot WH, Jones KM, eds. (1959). Data for ... transaminase genes in plants or Pseudomonas syringae reduce bacterial virulence". Plant J. 64 (2): 318-30. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_amino_butyric_acid
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Under normal conditions, SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then ... Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminases which leads to decreased levels of GHB and elevation of GABA. ... Parviz, M.; Vogel, K.; Gibson, K.M.; Pearl, P.L. (2014). "Disorders of GABA Metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase ... The absence of SSADH leads to a 30-fold increase of GHB and a 2-4 fold increase of GABA in the brains of patients with SSADH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency
GABTGABT
... may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an enzyme GabT RNA motif This disambiguation page lists articles associated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABT
Beta-alanine aminotransferaseBeta-alanine aminotransferase
... may refer to: Alanine transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an enzyme This set ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-alanine_aminotransferase
GABA transferaseGABA transferase
... may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, an enzyme This ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_transferase
GABA aminotransferaseGABA aminotransferase
... may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an enzyme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_aminotransferase
Gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferaseGamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase
... may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate ... transaminase, an enzyme This set index page lists enzyme articles associated with the same name. If an internal link led you ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-aminobutyric_acid_aminotransferase
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Under normal conditions, SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then ... Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminases which leads to decreased levels of GHB and elevation of GABA. ... 16 (4): 704-715. doi:10.1007/BF00711902. PMID 8412016.. *^ Pearl, P. L.; Gibson, K. M. (Apr 2004). "Clinical aspects of the ... Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria
List of MeSH codes (D08)List of MeSH codes (D08)
... glycine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.535 - leucine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.550 - l-lysine 6-transaminase ... transaminases MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.100 - alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.120 - 2-aminoadipate transaminase ... beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.347 - d-alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.470 - ... tryptophan transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.900 - tyrosine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.555.150 - amidinotransferases ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)
POP2POP2
... a gene related to the enzyme 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase Pop 2 (mixtape), a 2017 mixtape by Charli XCX Pop2! The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POP2
GABA transaminaseGABA transaminase
... enzymes comprise a family of transaminases which degrade the neurotransmitter GABA. GABA transaminases ... Some GABA transaminase inhibitors may be used clinically as anticonvulsants. Other transaminase inhibitors include ethanolamine ... glycine GABA transaminase is targeted by multiple antiepileptic and analgesic drugs referred to as GABA transaminase inhibitors ... Sherif, Fathi M; Saleem Ahmed, S (1995). "Basic aspects of GABA-transaminase in neuropsychiatric disorders". Clinical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_transaminase
Gamma-aminobutyric transaminaseGamma-aminobutyric transaminase
... may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-aminobutyric_transaminase
4-aminobutyrate transaminase4-aminobutyrate transaminase
As a transaminase, GABA-T's role is to move functional groups from an amino acid and a α-keto acid, and vice versa. In the case ... "GABA-TRANSAMINASE DEFICIENCY". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2020-10-18. Fait A, Fromm H, Walter D, Galili G, Fernie AR (January 2008 ... This means that it is in the transferase class of enzymes, the nitrogenous transferase sub-class and the transaminase sub- ... Parviz M, Vogel K, Gibson KM, Pearl PL (November 2014). "Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobutyrate_transaminase
4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase
... pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.96, aminobutyrate aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase, gamma-aminobutyrate ... aminobutyrate transaminase, GABA aminotransferase, GABA transaminase, GABA transferase, POP2 (gene)) is an enzyme with ... gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric transaminase, 4- ... and potential functions for an Arabidopsis gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobutyrate—pyruvate_transaminase
N6-acetyl-beta-lysine transaminaseN6-acetyl-beta-lysine transaminase
In enzymology, a N6-acetyl-beta-lysine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.65) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 6-acetamido ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The ... conversion of 6-N-acetyl-L-beta-lysine to 3-keto-6-acetamidohexanoate and of 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semialdehyde by ... different transaminases". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 197 (1): 226-35. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(79)90240-6. PMID 44448. Biology portal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N6-acetyl-beta-lysine_transaminase
Succinic semialdehydeSuccinic semialdehyde
It is formed from GABA by the action of GABA transaminase and further oxidised to become succinic acid, which enters TCA cycle ... Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde
GabaculineGabaculine
... a new potent inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase, on brain gamma-aminobutyrate content and convulsions in mice". Life ... Rando, Robert; Bangerter, F.W. (May 13, 1977). "The In Vivo Inhibition of GABA-transaminase by Gabaculine". Biochemical and ... gabaculine is extremely potent and toxic when compared to other GABA transaminase inhibitors, with an ED50 of 35 mg/kg and LD50 ... which acts as a potent and irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor, and also a GABA reuptake inhibitor. Gabaculine is also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabaculine
List of EC numbers (EC 2)List of EC numbers (EC 2)
... aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.2: alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.3: cysteine transaminase EC 2.6.1.4: glycine transaminase EC ... neamine transaminase EC 2.6.1.94: 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyneamine transaminase EC 2.6.1.95: neomycin C transaminase EC 2.6.1.96: 4 ... aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase EC 2.6.1.97: archaeosine synthase EC 2.6.1.98: UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ribo-hexuluronate ... 6-trideoxyglucose transaminase EC 2.6.1.35: glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase EC 2.6.1.36: L-lysine 6-transaminase EC 2.6.1.37 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
... succinic semialdehyde transaminase gene (gabT) and characterization of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene (gabD)". ... 2 H+ This enzyme participates in the degradation of glutamate and 4-aminobutyrate. Bartsch K, von Johnn-Marteville A, Schulz A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_(NADP )
Category:Protein pages needing a pictureCategory:Protein pages needing a picture
Alanine transaminase. *Alcohol dehydrogenase. *Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. *Aldehyde oxidase. *Aldehyde oxidase and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Protein_pages_needing_a_picture
Aminooxyacetic acidAminooxyacetic acid
I. The inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase in vitro and in vivo by U-7524 (amino- ... Wolfgang Löscher; Dagmar Hönack; Martina Gramer (1989). "Use of Inhibitors of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Transaminase for the ... Aminooxyacetic acid, often abbreviated AOA or AOAA, is a compound that inhibits 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) ... At concentrations high enough to fully inhibit 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity, aminooxyacetic acid is indicated as a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid
4-aminobutyrate transaminase - Wikipedia4-aminobutyrate transaminase - Wikipedia
As a transaminase, GABA-Ts role is to move functional groups from an amino acid and a α-keto acid, and vice versa. In the case ... "GABA-TRANSAMINASE DEFICIENCY". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2020-10-18. Fait A, Fromm H, Walter D, Galili G, Fernie AR (January 2008 ... This means that it is in the transferase class of enzymes, the nitrogenous transferase sub-class and the transaminase sub- ... Parviz M, Vogel K, Gibson KM, Pearl PL (November 2014). "Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobutyrate_transaminase
4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase - Wikipedia4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase - Wikipedia
... pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.96, aminobutyrate aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase, gamma-aminobutyrate ... aminobutyrate transaminase, GABA aminotransferase, GABA transaminase, GABA transferase, POP2 (gene)) is an enzyme with ... gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric transaminase, 4- ... and potential functions for an Arabidopsis gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-aminobutyrate%E2%80%94pyruvate_transaminase
gabT - 4-aminobutyrate transaminase - Bacillus megaterium (strain ATCC 14581 / DSM 32 / JCM 2506 / NBRC 15308 / NCIMB 9376 /...gabT - 4-aminobutyrate transaminase - Bacillus megaterium (strain ATCC 14581 / DSM 32 / JCM 2506 / NBRC 15308 / NCIMB 9376 /...
tr,A0A0B6ASF7,A0A0B6ASF7_BACMB 4-aminobutyrate transaminase OS=Bacillus megaterium (strain ATCC 14581 / DSM 32 / JCM 2506 / ... 4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class="publication">Press W.H., ...
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0B6ASF7
4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-transaminase) deficiency - Semantic Scholar4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-transaminase) deficiency - Semantic Scholar
GABA-transaminase, GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) deficiency (McKusick 137150), an inborn error of GABA degradation, has until now been ... A neuron-glia interaction involving GABA Transaminase contributes to sleep loss in sleepless mutants. *W Chen, Sarah E. Maguire ... Identification of a Familial Mutation Associated with GABA-Transaminase Deficiency Disease. *Lali K. Medina-Kauwe, William L. ... Essential arginine residues at the pyridoxal phosphate binding site of brain gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase.. *Godfrey ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4-Aminobutyrate-aminotransferase-deficiency-Medina-Kauwe-Tobin/456181b92b5612e0ffae06bfaac9ed426d716e05
Glutamate decarboxylase - WikipediaGlutamate decarboxylase - Wikipedia
14 (4): 280-6. doi:10.1038/nsmb1228. PMID 17384644.. *^ a b c Battaglioli G, Liu H, Martin DL (August 2003). "Kinetic ... doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70039-4. PMID 21419704.. *^ Manto MU, Hampe CS, Rogemond V, Honnorat J (February 2011). "Respective ... doi:10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00114-4.. *^ Feldblum S, Erlander MG, Tobin AJ (April 1993). "Different distributions of GAD65 and ... Several truncated transcripts and polypeptides of GAD67 are detectable in the developing brain,[4] however their function, if ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies
Tyrosine hydroxylase - WikipediaTyrosine hydroxylase - Wikipedia
ISBN 978-0-470-12316-4. PMID 8638482.. *^ a b c Nagatsu T (1995). "Tyrosine hydroxylase: human isoforms, structure and ... 4 (7): 578-85. doi:10.1038/nsb0797-578. PMID 9228951.. *^ Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Stevens RC (Sep 1998). "Crystal structure of ... 14 (4): 455-67. doi:10.2174/092986707779941023. PMID 17305546.. *^ Thöny B, Auerbach G, Blau N (Apr 2000). "Tetrahydrobiopterin ... 26 (22): 6910-4. doi:10.1021/bi00396a007. PMID 2892528.. *. Le Bourdellès B, Boularand S, Boni C, Horellou P, Dumas S, Grima B ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase
ABAT gene: MedlinePlus GeneticsABAT gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The ABAT gene provides instructions for making the GABA-transaminase enzyme. Learn about this gene and related health ... GABA-transaminase deficiency. At least 10 mutations in the ABAT gene have been identified in people with GABA-transaminase ... The ABAT gene mutations that cause GABA-transaminase deficiency lead to a shortage (deficiency) of functional GABA-transaminase ... The ABAT gene provides instructions for making the GABA-transaminase enzyme. This enzyme helps break down a brain chemical ( ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/abat/
GABA-transaminase deficiency: MedlinePlus GeneticsGABA-transaminase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics
GABA-transaminase deficiency is a brain disease (encephalopathy) that begins in infancy. Explore symptoms, inheritance, ... Gamma aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency. *Gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency. *Gamma-aminobutyrate ... GABA-transaminase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ABAT gene, which provides instructions for making the GABA- ... GABA-transaminase deficiency is a very rare disorder. Only a small number of affected individuals have been described in the ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gaba-transaminase-deficiency/
MSMEG 2487 - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase - Mycobacterium smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) - MSMEG 2487 gene &...MSMEG 2487 - 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase - Mycobacterium smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) - MSMEG 2487 gene &...
PIRSF000521. Transaminase_4ab_Lys_Orn. 2 hits. Superfamily database of structural and functional annotation ... 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferaseImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic ... tr,A0QV88,A0QV88_MYCS2 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase OS=Mycobacterium smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) OX=246196 GN ... 4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class="publication">Press W.H., ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0QV88
Optimization of culture conditions for gamma-aminobutyric acid production in fermented adzuki bean milk.Optimization of culture conditions for gamma-aminobutyric acid production in fermented adzuki bean milk.
4-aminobutyrate Transaminase. An enzyme that converts brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID) into succinate ... It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA- ...
https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/1956598/Optimization-of-culture-conditions-for-gamma-aminobutyric-acid-production-in-fermented-adzuki.html
A novel acyl-CoA beta-transaminase characterized from a metagenome. - PubMed - NCBIA novel acyl-CoA beta-transaminase characterized from a metagenome. - PubMed - NCBI
Green: Adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase. Red: 3-aminobutyryl-CoA transaminase. Orange: glutamate-1- ... A novel acyl-CoA beta-transaminase characterized from a metagenome.. Perret A1, Lechaplais C, Tricot S, Perchat N, Vergne C, ... Yellow: diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase. Pink: taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Blue: ornithine, acetylornithine ... Figure 4. Structure of the different NAC-thioesters and their corresponding products after β-transamination catalyzed by Kat in ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21826218?dopt=Abstract
UniProt/TrEMBL: A0A0B5ERQ5 STRA4UniProt/TrEMBL: A0A0B5ERQ5 STRA4
DR Pfam; PF00202; Aminotran_3; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000521; Transaminase_4ab_Lys_Orn; 2. DR SUPFAM; SSF53383; SSF53383; 1. DR ... DE SubName: Full=4-aminobutyrate transaminase {ECO:0000313,EMBL:AJE81965.1}; GN ORFNames=SLNWT_1589 {ECO:0000313,EMBL: ... DR GO; GO:0003867; F:4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0030170; F:pyridoxal phosphate binding; IEA ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?tr:A0A0B5ERQ5_STRA4
UniProt/TrEMBL: O86823 STRCOUniProt/TrEMBL: O86823 STRCO
DR Pfam; PF00202; Aminotran_3; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000521; Transaminase_4ab_Lys_Orn; 2. DR SUPFAM; SSF53383; SSF53383; 1. DR ... Ontology (3) GO (3) Gene (4) KEGG ORTHOLOGY (1) KEGG GENES (1) NCBI-Gene (2) Protein sequence (2) RefSeq(pep) (2) DNA sequence ... DR GO; GO:0003867; F:4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0030170; F:pyridoxal phosphate binding; IEA ... 1) EMBL (1) Protein domain (6) InterPro (4) Pfam (1) PROSITE (1) Literature (1) PubMed (1) All databases (17) Download RDF ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?tr:O86823_STRCO
SCOPe 2.05: Structural Classification of Proteins - extendedSCOPe 2.05: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended
Compound: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. Species: Mycobacterium smegmatis [TaxId:246196]. Gene: gabT, MSMEG_0581. Database cross ... Compound: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. Species: Mycobacterium smegmatis [TaxId:246196]. Gene: gabT, MSMEG_0581. Database cross ... Compound: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. Species: Mycobacterium smegmatis [TaxId:246196]. Gene: gabT, MSMEG_0581. Database cross ... Compound: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. Species: Mycobacterium smegmatis [TaxId:246196]. Gene: gabT, MSMEG_0581. Database cross ...
https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=3q8n&ver=2.05
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1 MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
4-Aminobutirato Transaminase/metabolismo. Animais. Anticonvulsivantes/s ntese qu mica. Anticonvulsivantes/qu mica. Rela o Dose- ... 4-Aminobutirato Transaminase/antagonistas & inibidores. Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia. Desenho de Drogas. Inibidores Enzim ...
http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D03.383.066.600
Cholinesterase - wikidocCholinesterase - wikidoc
546-9. ISBN 978-0-7817-5745-4.. *↑ Miller RD (2005). Millers Anesthesia (6th ed.). Philadelphia, Penns.: Elsevier/Churchill ... 487-8. ISBN 978-0-443-06618-4.. *↑ Leuzinger W, Baker AL (Feb 1967). "Acetylcholinesterase, I. Large-scale purification, ...
https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Cholinesterase
Tyrosine hydroxylase - wikidocTyrosine hydroxylase - wikidoc
4 (7): 578-85. doi:10.1038/nsb0797-578. PMID 9228951.. *↑ Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Stevens RC (Sep 1998). "Crystal structure of ... 14 (4): 455-67. doi:10.2174/092986707779941023. PMID 17305546.. *↑ Thöny B, Auerbach G, Blau N (Apr 2000). "Tetrahydrobiopterin ... 26 (22): 6910-4. doi:10.1021/bi00396a007. PMID 2892528.. *. Le Bourdellès B, Boularand S, Boni C, Horellou P, Dumas S, Grima B ... Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the reaction in which L-tyrosine is hydroxylated in the meta position to obtain L-3,4- ...
http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Tyrosine_hydroxylase_inhibitor
Arama sonuçarı KetoglutaricArama sonuçarı "Ketoglutaric"
Aspartate Transaminase Pyridoxal phosphate, Transaminase, Aspartic acid, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Oxaloacetic acid, Glutamic ... Alanine Transaminase Enzyme, Alanine cycle, Amine, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Alanine, Transamination. Biyoloji Duct Publishing ( ... Aromatic-amino-acid Transaminase Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Aromatic amino acids, alpha- ... D-Amino-acid Transaminase Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Alanine, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, ...
https://www.morebooks.de/tr/search?q=Ketoglutaric&via_keyword=1
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - wikidocAromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - wikidoc
4 (6): 545-51. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000559. PMID 10578236.. *↑ Lauritsen MB, Børglum AD, Betancur C, Philippe A, Kruse TA, ... Biosynthetic pathways for catecholamines and trace amines in the human brain[3][4][5] ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (HMDB0001491)Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (HMDB0001491)
Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, ... Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate ... using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has much lower affinity and transaminase activity towards ... phosphate concentration and the erythrocyte aspartate transaminase stimulation test in lactating mothers and their infants. Am ...
https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001491
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284)Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284)
Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate ... L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Description. L-3-Amino-isobutanoic acid is a component of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and ... 1. 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial. General function:. Involved in 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity. ... Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284). IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectra ...
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB06284
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284)Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284)
Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate ... L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, L-2,4-diaminobutyric ... Showing metabocard for L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (HMDB0006284). Jump To Section: IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical ... L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Description. L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, also known as Dbu or alpha,gamma-diaminobutyrate, belongs to ...
https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0006284
KEGG T04825: A6J81 22935KEGG T04825: A6J81 22935
2.6.1.22 (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase. A6J81_22935. 2.6.1.48 5-aminovalerate transaminase. A6J81_22935. Amino ... 3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase / 5-aminovalerate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22 2.6.1.48]. ... 2.6.1 Transaminases. 2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate---2-oxoglutarate transaminase. A6J81_22935. ...
https://www.kegg.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cbra:A6J81_22935
KEGG SSDB Paralog Search Result: bpl:BURPS1106A A0396KEGG SSDB Paralog Search Result: bpl:BURPS1106A A0396
bpl:BURPS1106A_3101 beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase K00822 442 550 ( -) 131 0.312 410 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_0412 ... bpl:BURPS1106A_2785 succinylornithine transaminase K00840 410 742 ( -) 175 0.365 417 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_0532 2,4-diaminobutyrate ... 4-aminobutyrate transaminase; K00823 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Update status:. T00480 (apre,bapi,bgg,bhan,bths,cchv,ceh ... bpl:BURPS1106A_A2215 2,4-diaminobutyrate 4-transaminase K00836 927 677 ( -) 160 0.340 406 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_A3154 ...
http://www.kegg.jp/ssdb-bin/ssdb_paralog?org_gene=bpl:BURPS1106A_A0396
TIGR00709TIGR00709
This family consists of L-diaminobutyric acid transaminases. This general designation covers both 2.6.1.76 (diaminobutyrate-2- ... pyruvate transaminase, which uses alanine as the amino donor). Most members with known function are 2.6.1.76, and at least some ... oxoglutarate transaminase, which uses glutamate as the amino donor in DABA biosynthesis), and 2.6.1.46 (diaminobutyrate-- ... also called GABA transaminase. These enzymes all are pyridoxal phosphate-containing class III aminotransferase. ...
http://www.jcvi.org/cgi-bin/tigrfams/HmmReportPage.cgi?acc=TIGR00709
Best Neurological Conditions Research Orange County, CA | Stroke DoctorBest Neurological Conditions Research Orange County, CA | Stroke Doctor
kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase: 1 study in 1 result : IBA. *oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (complex V): 1 ... Curcumin: 4 outcomes 11 studies in 61 results : IBA. *Minocycline (Cyclops): 4 outcomes 10 studies in 49 results : FDA 25 ... alpha-Synuclein: 4 outcomes 23 studies in 448 results : IBA. *Apolipoproteins E (ApoE): 4 outcomes 16 studies in 112 results : ... Retinaldehyde (Retinal): 4 outcomes 3 studies in 87 results : IBA. *Levodopa (L Dopa): 4 outcomes 3 studies in 43 results : FDA ...
https://strokedoctor.com/about/neurological-conditions-research/
Why are Astrocytes Important? | SpringerLinkWhy are Astrocytes Important? | SpringerLink
Furthermore astrocytes are indispensible for glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyrate-ergic synaptic transmission being the supplier ... Immunochemical studies of brain glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase of six inbred strains of mice. Brain Res 68:133- ... Nagelhus EA, Ottersen OP (2013) Physiological roles of aquaporin-4 in brain. Physiol Rev 93:1543-1562PubMedCentralPubMedGoogle ... 4.. VanHarreveld A, Crowell J, Malhotra SK (1965) A study of extracellular space in central nervous tissue by freeze- ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11064-014-1403-2
ABAT Antibody (PA5-43723) ABAT Antibody (PA5-43723)
GABA transaminase; GABA transferase; GABA-AT; GABA-T; GABAT; Gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase; L-AIBAT; mitochondrial 4- ... aminobutyrate aminotransferase; NPD009 Gene Aliases: 9630038C02Rik; ABAT; AI255750; beta-AlaAT; BOS_22429; cb880; ... Protein Aliases: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; 4-aminobutyrate ... 3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase activity succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase binding metal ion binding iron-sulfur ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/product/ABAT-Antibody-Polyclonal/PA5-43723
Metabolic Support UK | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS ProgramMetabolic Support UK | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program
Gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency Synonyms: GABA transaminase deficiency, Gamma aminobutyrate transaminase ... Synonyms: GSD 4, Andersen disease, Brancher deficiency, Amylopectinosis, Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, Cirrhosis, ... Synonyms: UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase deficiency, GALE deficiency, Galactosemia 3, Epimerase deficiency galactosemia, ... Synonyms: Pompe disease, Acid maltase deficiency disease, Aglucosidase alfa, Alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency, Cardiomegalia ...
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/organizations/138
ABAT 293 Cell Lysate | AbbiotecABAT 293 Cell Lysate | Abbiotec
GABA transaminase; (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; ABAT; FLJ17813 ... GABA transferase; GABA aminotransferase; gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase; 4-aminobutyrate transaminase; GABA-T; L-AIBAT; ... Antigen standard for 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 2 ...
https://www.abbiotec.com/lysates/abat-293-cell-lysate
AminotransferaseEnzyme1.19Acts as a GABA transaminase inhibitorInhibitorGeneEnzymesDeficiencyAminoGlutamate DecarboxylasePrecursorDegradationAspartate TransaminaseAminotransferasesCharacterizationBeta-transaminaseMetabolismDehydrogenaseSuccinateMolecularSuccinicAcidPutrescine2018GammaCatabolism1999PathwayCatalyzesActivityPurification
Aminotransferase15
  • In enzymology, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19), also called GABA transaminase or 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, or GABA-T, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-transaminase, GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) deficiency (McKusick 137150), an inborn error of GABA degradation, has until now been documented in only a single Flemish child. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Essential arginine residues at the pyridoxal phosphate binding site of brain gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Screening and sequence determination of a cDNA encoding the human brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Hypersomnolence-hyperkinetic movement disorder in a child with compound heterozygous mutation in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • L-3-Amino-isobutanoic acid is produced from S-methylmalonate semialdehyde by the enzyme 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • A related enzyme is 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19), also called GABA transaminase. (jcvi.org)
  • 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) is responsible for catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important, mostly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, into succinic semialdehyde. (thermofisher.com)
  • Antigen standard for 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 2 is a lysate prepared from HEK293T cells transiently transfected with a TrueORF gene-carrying pCMV plasmid (OriGene Technologies, Inc.) and then lysed in RIPA Buffer. (abbiotec.com)
  • An aminotransferase capable of transaminating 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid to L-phosphinothricin [L-homoalanine-4-yl-(methyl)phosphinic acid], the active ingredient of the herbicide Basta (Hoechst AG), was purified to apparent homogeneity from Escherichia coli K-12. (asm.org)
  • 1] GABA is broken down in the body by a substance known as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, also known as GABA-transaminase or GABA-T.[1] Mutations in the ABAT gene can cause less GABA-T to be made, a condition known as GABA-T deficiency . (cdc.gov)
  • Full length Clone DNA of Human 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase with N terminal His tag. (sinobiological.com)
  • Catalyzes the aminotransferase reaction from putrescine to 2-oxoglutarate, leading to glutamate and 4-aminobutanal, which spontaneously cyclizes to form 1-pyrroline. (expasy.org)
  • Molecular function: butane-1,4-diamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity. (expasy.org)
Enzyme16
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amino acid residues found in the active site of 4-aminobutyrate transaminase include Lys-329, which are found on each of the two subunits of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme is a type of GABA transaminase, which degrades the neurotransmitter GABA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (1) 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } succinate semialdehyde + L-alanine (2) 4-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } succinate semialdehyde + glycine This enzyme requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L -tyrosine to L -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L -DOPA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Under physiological conditions, 4a-BH 4 is dehydrated to quinonoid-dihydrobiopterin (q-BH 2 ) by the enzyme pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydrase (PCD) and a water molecule is released in this reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • [8] [9] Then, the NAD(P)H dependent enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) converts q-BH 2 back to BH 4 . (wikipedia.org)
  • The ABAT gene provides instructions for making the GABA-transaminase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ABAT gene mutations that cause GABA-transaminase deficiency lead to a shortage (deficiency) of functional GABA-transaminase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • GABA-transaminase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ABAT gene, which provides instructions for making the GABA-transaminase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is further converted into 3-aminobutyryl-CoA and acetoacetate in the presence of acetyl-CoA by 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage enzyme (4). (nih.gov)
  • The enzyme was most active in the high-pH region, with a maximum at pH 8.0 to 9.5, and had a temperature optimum of 55 degrees C. Heat stability was observed up to 70 degrees C. Substrate specificity studies suggested that the enzyme is identical with the 4-aminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19). (asm.org)
  • [1] Analogously to phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase , this enzyme uses (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8- tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) and dioxygen as cofactors. (worldlibrary.net)
  • It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and is used as an anticonvulsant. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid.Vigabatrin, is an anticonvulsant chemically unrelated to other anticonvulsants.It inhibits the catabolism of GABA. (worldofchemicals.com)
  • Vigabatrin irreversibly inhibits the enzyme GABA transaminase.It increases brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, by irreversibly inhibiting enzymes that catabolize GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase GABA-T) or block the reuptake of GABA into glia and nerve endings. (worldofchemicals.com)
1.192
  • The recombinant glutamate:oxalacetate transaminase protein was used in immobilized form together with 4-aminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) from E. coli for the production of L-phosphinothricin [L-homoalanin-4-yl-(methyl)phosphinic acid], the active ingredient of the herbicide Basta (AgrEvo GmbH), from its nonchiral 2-keto acid precursor 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid (PPO). (asm.org)
  • GABA is then transported into the mitochondrion to be catabolized by the GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) which converts GABA to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Acts as a GABA transaminase inhibitor2
  • Rosmarinic acid is a abeyant anxiolytic as it acts as a GABA transaminase inhibitor, added accurately on 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. (wordpress.com)
  • Rosmarinic acid is a caffeic acid ester of salvianic acid A that acts as a GABA transaminase inhibitor, more specifically on 4-aminobutyrate transaminase.Rosmarinic acid also inhibits the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase via its cyclooxygenase-inhibiting properties. (organic-herb.com)
Inhibitor1
  • Moreover, injection of a GABA transaminase inhibitor caused a significant increase of GABA within the hypothalamus and pituitary, and a dose-dependent increase in serum GTH levels. (muscimol.xyz)
Gene3
  • At least 10 mutations in the ABAT gene have been identified in people with GABA-transaminase deficiency, which is a brain disease (encephalopathy) that begins in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Stereospecific production of the herbicide phosphinothricin (glufosinate): purification of aspartate transaminase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, cloning of the corresponding gene, aspC, and application in a coupled transaminase process. (asm.org)
  • Vissers S, Andre B, Muyldermans F, Grenson M: Positive and negative regulatory elements control the expression of the UGA4 gene coding for the inducible 4-aminobutyric-acid-specific permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (smpdb.ca)
Enzymes4
  • This means that it is in the transferase class of enzymes, the nitrogenous transferase sub-class and the transaminase sub-subclass. (wikipedia.org)
  • At least 4 such structures have been solved using pig enzymes: 1OHV, 1OHW, 1OHY, 1SF2, and at least 4 such structures have been solved in Escherichia coli: 1SFF, 1SZK, 1SZS, 1SZU. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ramos F, el Guezzar M, Grenson M, Wiame JM: Mutations affecting the enzymes involved in the utilization of 4-aminobutyric acid as nitrogen source by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (smpdb.ca)
  • Using recombinant DNA technology, the present study provides the first strong and direct evidence indicating that β-alanine is an efficient substrate for the mammalian transaminating enzymes 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and alanine-glyoxylate transaminase. (uclouvain.be)
Deficiency4
  • This accumulation alters the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to the neurological problems characteristic of GABA-transaminase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • GABA-transaminase deficiency is a brain disease (encephalopathy) that begins in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Children with GABA-transaminase deficiency have profoundly impaired development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • GABA-transaminase deficiency is a very rare disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Amino6
  • As a transaminase, GABA-T's role is to move functional groups from an amino acid and a α-keto acid, and vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like the other aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAHs), tyrosine hydroxylase use the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) under normal conditions, although other similar molecules may also work as a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase. (wikipedia.org)
  • L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, also known as Dbu or alpha,gamma-diaminobutyrate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
  • This general designation covers both 2.6.1.76 (diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase, which uses glutamate as the amino donor in DABA biosynthesis), and 2.6.1.46 (diaminobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase, which uses alanine as the amino donor). (jcvi.org)
  • My principal approach involves GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate), a ubiquitous 4-C, non-protein amino acid of uncertain function in plants. (uoguelph.ca)
  • a dehydrogenase forms (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate, and a thiolase cleaves it to D-alanine and acetyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
Glutamate Decarboxylase1
  • GABA can also be produced via glutamate degradation by the glutamate decarboxylase, this variant of the pathway includes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent 4-aminobutyrate transaminase and an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
Precursor1
  • Furthermore astrocytes are indispensible for glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyrate-ergic synaptic transmission being the supplier of neurotransmitters precursor glutamine via an astrocytic/neuronal cycle. (springer.com)
Degradation2
  • This is the first step in one of two pathways for putrescine degradation, where putrescine is converted into 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA) via 4-aminobutanal. (expasy.org)
  • Also functions as a cadaverine transaminase in a a L-lysine degradation pathway to succinate that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate. (expasy.org)
Aspartate Transaminase1
  • We have isolated and characterized an aspartate transaminase (glutamate:oxalacetate transaminase, EC 2.6.1.1) from the thermophilic microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus. (asm.org)
Aminotransferases1
  • Recombinant brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases overexpression, purification, and identification of Lys-330 at the active site. (semanticscholar.org)
Characterization4
  • Purification and characterization of the 4-aminobutyrate--2,ketoglutarate transaminase from mouse brain. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Stereospecific production of the herbicide phosphinothricin (glufosinate) by transamination: isolation and characterization of a phosphinothricin-specific transaminase from Escherichia coli. (asm.org)
  • 2012). Catabolism of GABA in apple fruit: Subcellular localization and biochemical characterization of two γ-aminobutyrate transaminases. (uoguelph.ca)
  • 2009). Biochemical characterization, mitochondrial localization, expression, and potential functions for an Arabidopsis γ-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate. (uoguelph.ca)
Beta-transaminase1
  • A novel acyl-CoA beta-transaminase characterized from a metagenome. (nih.gov)
Metabolism2
  • Effect of NC-1100 [1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-diphenylmethylpiperazinyl) ethanol dihydrochloride] on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in rat brain: analysis using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. (muscimol.xyz)
  • 2012). Strategies and tools for studying the metabolism and function of γ-aminobutyrate in plants. (uoguelph.ca)
Dehydrogenase1
  • Although the activity of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase did not change in these cerebral areas, the activity of GABA-transaminase:succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase was found to be significantly reduced in the cerebellum of SHR-SP following the repeated administration of NC-1100. (muscimol.xyz)
Succinate1
  • Catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyrate and L-beta-aminoisobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde and methylmalonate semialdehyde, respectively. (sinobiological.com)
Molecular3
  • In mammals, GAD exists in two isoforms with molecular weights of 67 and 65 kDa (GAD 67 and GAD 65 ), which are encoded by two different genes on different chromosomes ( GAD1 and GAD2 genes, chromosomes 4 and 10 respectively). (wikipedia.org)
  • The transaminase has a molecular mass of 43 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel analysis and an isoelectric point of 4.35. (asm.org)
  • [4] [5] It does so using molecular oxygen (O 2 ), as well as iron (Fe 2+ ) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors . (ipfs.io)
Succinic2
  • Succinic acid semialdehyde, also known as 3-formylpropionic acid or 4-oxobutanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as straight chain fatty acids. (ymdb.ca)
  • conversion of 6- N- acetyl- L -β-lysine to 3-keto-6-acetamidohexanoate and of 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semialdehyde by different transaminases. (qmul.ac.uk)
Acid3
  • L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (hmdb.ca)
  • This could make L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (hmdb.ca)
  • This family consists of L-diaminobutyric acid transaminases. (jcvi.org)
Putrescine2
  • 2012). Review/hypothesis: Contribution of putrescine to 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) production in response to abiotic stress. (uoguelph.ca)
  • 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (transaminase route): step 1/1. (expasy.org)
20181
Gamma3
  • GABA = gamma-aminobutyrate. (merckmanuals.com)
  • 2006). Gamma-aminobutyrate: defence against invertebrate pests? (uoguelph.ca)
  • this is converted to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA). (lbl.gov)
Catabolism1
  • We identified the GABA transaminase (GABA-T), the first step of GABA catabolism, as the most responsive to NaCl. (biomedcentral.com)
19991
Pathway2
  • Pathway IX is similar to pathway VIII but the transaminase aruH forms the 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate. (lbl.gov)
  • Pathway X involves arginine 2-monooxygenase (decarboxylating), forming 4-guanidinobutyramide, and an amidase, forming 4-guanidinobutyrate, which is consumed as in pathway VIII or IX. (lbl.gov)
Catalyzes1
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the reaction in which L -tyrosine is hydroxylated in the meta position to obtain L -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L -DOPA). (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
  • When a GABA agonist (can be a drug or any other substance produced inside or outside the body) interacts with the receptor, the person will feel the effects of stimulated GABA activity, which usually results in relaxation and reduced anxiety [ 4 ]. (selfhacked.com)
Purification1
  • Purification and studies on some properties of the 4-aminobutyrate : 2-oxoglutarate transaminase from rat brain. (semanticscholar.org)
Glutamate decarboxylase - Wikipedia
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