A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the O subfamily of Escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. A strain from this serogroup, serotype H7, which produces SHIGA TOXINS, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods by E. coli O157 from bovine origin.
An enzyme that transfers methyl groups from O(6)-methylguanine, and other methylated moieties of DNA, to a cysteine residue in itself, thus repairing alkylated DNA in a single-step reaction. EC 2.1.1.63.

Mannose inhibits Arabidopsis germination via a hexokinase-mediated step. (1/363)

Low concentrations of the glucose (Glc) analog mannose (Man) inhibit germination of Arabidopsis seeds. Man is phosphorylated by hexokinase (HXK), but the absence of germination was not due to ATP or phosphate depletion. The addition of metabolizable sugars reversed the Man-mediated inhibition of germination. Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of gene expression involving a HXK-mediated pathway is known to be activated by Glc, Man, and other monosaccharides. Therefore, we investigated whether Man blocks germination through this system. By testing other Glc analogs, we found that 2-deoxyglucose, which, like Man, is phosphorylated by HXK, also blocked germination; no inhibition was observed with 6-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylglucose, which are not substrates for HXK. Since these latter two sugars are taken up at a rate similar to that of Man, uptake is unlikely to be involved in the inhibition of germination. Furthermore, we show that mannoheptulose, a specific HXK inhibitor, restores germination of seeds grown in the presence of Man. We conclude that HXK is involved in the Man-mediated repression of germination of Arabidopsis seeds, possibly via energy depletion.  (+info)

Acute increase, stimulated by prostaglandin E2, in glucose absorption via the sodium dependent glucose transporter-1 in rat intestine. (2/363)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute stimulation by cAMP of the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter SGLT1 has previously been shown. As prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases intracellular cAMP concentrations via its receptor subtypes EP2R and EP4R, it was investigated whether PGE2 could enhance intestinal glucose absorption. METHODS: The action of PGE2 on carbohydrate absorption in the ex situ perfused rat small intestine and on 3-O-[14C]methylglucose uptake in isolated villus tip enterocytes was determined. Expression of mRNA for the PGE2 receptor subtypes 1-4 was assayed in enterocytes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In the perfused small intestine, PGE2 acutely increased absorption of glucose and galactose, but not fructose (which is not a substrate for SGLT1); in isolated enterocytes it stimulated 3-O-[14C]methylglucose uptake. The 3-O-[14C]methylglucose uptake could be inhibited by the cAMP antagonist RpcAMPS and the specific inhibitor of SGLT1, phlorizin. High levels of EP2R mRNA and EP4R mRNA were detected in villus tip enterocytes. CONCLUSION: PGE2 acutely increased glucose and galactose absorption by the small intestine via the SGLT1, with cAMP serving as the second messenger. PGE2 acted directly on the enterocytes, as the stimulation was still observed in isolated enterocytes and RT-PCR detected mRNA for the cAMP-increasing PGE2 receptors EP2R and EP4R.  (+info)

Muscle fiber type-specific defects in insulin signal transduction to glucose transport in diabetic GK rats. (3/363)

To determine whether defects in the insulin signal transduction pathway to glucose transport occur in a muscle fiber type-specific manner, post-receptor insulin-signaling events were assessed in oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic (extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) skeletal muscle from Wistar or diabetic GK rats. In soleus muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated (120 nmol/l) glucose transport was significantly decreased, compared with that of Wistar rats. In EDL muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport was normal, while the submaximal response was reduced compared with that of Wistar rats. We next treated diabetic GK rats with phlorizin for 4 weeks to determine whether restoration of glycemia would lead to improved insulin signal transduction. Phlorizin treatment of GK rats resulted in full restoration of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in soleus and EDL muscle. In soleus muscle from GK rats, submaximal and maximal insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity were markedly reduced, compared with that of Wistar rats, but only submaximal insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase was restored after phlorizin treatment. In EDL muscle, insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated PI-3 kinase were not altered between GK and Wistar rats. Maximal insulin-stimulated Akt (protein kinase B) kinase activity is decreased in soleus muscle from GK rats and restored upon normalization of glycemia (Krook et al., Diabetes 46:2100-2114, 1997). Here, we show that in EDL muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated Akt kinase activity is also impaired and restored to Wistar rat levels after phlorizin treatment. In conclusion, functional defects in IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase in skeletal muscle from diabetic GK rats are fiber-type-specific, with alterations observed in oxidative, but not glycolytic, muscle. Furthermore, regardless of muscle fiber type, downstream steps to PI 3-kinase (i.e., Akt and glucose transport) are sensitive to changes in the level of glycemia.  (+info)

An inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase prevents insulin-stimulated glucose transport but not glucose transporter translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes. (4/363)

The precise mechanisms underlying insulin-stimulated glucose transport still require investigation. Here we assessed the effect of SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 MAP kinase family, on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes. We found that SB203580, but not its inactive analogue (SB202474), prevented insulin-stimulated glucose transport in both cell types with an IC50 similar to that for inhibition of p38 MAP kinase (0.6 microM). Basal glucose uptake was not affected. Moreover, SB203580 added only during the transport assay did not inhibit basal or insulin-stimulated transport. SB203580 did not inhibit insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporters GLUT1 or GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as assessed by immunoblotting of subcellular fractions or by immunofluorescence of membrane lawns. L6 muscle cells expressing GLUT4 tagged on an extracellular domain with a Myc epitope (GLUT4myc) were used to assess the functional insertion of GLUT4 into the plasma membrane. SB203580 did not affect the insulin-induced gain in GLUT4myc exposure at the cell surface but largely reduced the stimulation of glucose uptake. SB203580 had no effect on insulin-dependent insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation, association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with insulin receptor substrate-1, nor on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt1, Akt2, or Akt3 activities in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, in the presence of SB203580, insulin caused normal translocation and cell surface membrane insertion of glucose transporters without stimulating glucose transport. We propose that insulin stimulates two independent signals contributing to stimulation of glucose transport: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase leads to glucose transporter translocation and a pathway involving p38 MAP kinase leads to activation of the recruited glucose transporter at the membrane.  (+info)

TGF-beta 1 stimulates glucose uptake by enhancing GLUT1 expression in mesangial cells. (5/363)

BACKGROUND: An increase in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) has been proposed to play an important role in the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins seen in diabetes. Because the linkage between glucose metabolism and ECM protein production was found in mesangial cells overexpressed with the brain-type glucose transporter (GLUT1), we hypothesized that TGF-beta 1 could affect glucose metabolism. METHODS: To prove this hypothesis, we examined the effect of TGF-beta 1 on glucose uptake, the first step of glucose metabolism, in mesangial cells. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DOG) uptake and the expression of GLUT1 were measured in mesangial cells exposed to various concentrations of TGF-beta 1. The kinetic constants were determined using 2DOG and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3OMG). The effect of anti-TGF-beta neutralizing antibody on 2DOG uptake and GLUT1 mRNA was also examined in mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose (22.2 mM) conditions for 72 hours. RESULTS: TGF-beta 1 stimulated 2DOG uptake in mesangial cells by approximately 2.5-fold in a dose- (1.25 ng/ml maximum) and time-dependent manner, with a peak stimulation at nine hours. The increase in 2DOG uptake by TGF-beta 1 was completely abolished by the addition of 1 microgram/ml cycloheximide, and kinetic analysis of 2DOG or 3OMG uptake revealed an increase in Vmax by TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 enhanced the expression of GLUT1 mRNA from one hour, followed by an enhancement of the expression of GLUT1 protein at nine hours. Finally, 2DOG uptake was significantly enhanced in cells cultured under high-glucose (22.2 mM) conditions as compared with that in cells under normal glucose (5.6 mM) conditions, and this increase in 2DOG uptake in cells under high-glucose conditions was inhibited by the addition of anti-TGF-beta neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-beta 1 stimulates glucose uptake by enhancing the expression of GLUT1 in mesangial cells, which leads to the acceleration of intracellular metabolic abnormalities in diabetes.  (+info)

Characterization of cyclosporin A transport in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells: P-glycoprotein transport activity and binding to cyclophilin. (6/363)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize cyclosporin A (CsA) uptake and transport in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs). METHODS: CsA uptake was evaluated by measuring time-dependent 3H-CsA accumulation in confluent RCECs. Bidirectional 3H-CsA fluxes were measured across the RCEC layers grown on Transwell-COL culture plate inserts. The anti-P-gp monoclonal antibody C219 was used in western blot analysis to probe for the presence of P-gp in these cells. RESULTS: The accumulation of 3H-CsA was time and temperature dependent. Steady state was reached by 60 minutes. The initial uptake was saturable and was suppressed as a function of increases in preloading with unlabeled CsA. This uptake process was enhanced by metabolic inhibition with either 3-O-methylglucose, MG, or 10 mM NaN3 and 3-O-MG. The largest increase was obtained with 10 mM NaN3 in combination with 3-O-MG. In their presence, uptake increased by 40%. A multidrug-resistance (MDR)-reversing agent (i.e., 500 microM verapamil, 100 microM vincristine, 100 microM progesterone, 100 microM testosterone, 500 microM quinidine, or 100 microM chlorpromazine) significantly increased 3H-CsA accumulation. The largest increase was obtained with 500 microM quinidine (i.e., 36%). Conversely, verapamil and vincristine produced the largest inhibition of 3H-CsA efflux (i.e., 19% and 28%, respectively). However, in the presence of 10 microM unlabeled CsA, 3H-CsA efflux increased. 3H-CsA flux across RCEC layers showed marked directional asymmetry. The stromal (S) to tear (T) side transcellular 3H-CsA permeability coefficient (Ptrans) was approximately seven times higher than that in the T-to-S direction. The S-to-T Ptrans was reduced by an MDR-reversing agent by up to 40%. Western blot analysis of lysates revealed a 170-kDa membrane protein band. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in RCEC the tear-side-facing membrane has a P-gp-mediated drug efflux pump. In addition, there is suggestive evidence for the presence of the cytosolic protein, cyclophilin. The presence of P-gp in these cells could help protect them from being damaged by the uptake of toxic substances.  (+info)

In vitro analysis of the glucose-transport system in GLUT4-null skeletal muscle. (7/363)

We have characterized the glucose-transport system in soleus muscle from female GLUT4-null mice to determine whether GLUT1, 3 or 5 account for insulin-stimulated glucose-transport activity. Insulin increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake 2.8- and 2.1-fold in soleus muscle from wild-type and GLUT4-null mice, respectively. Cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of GLUT1- and GLUT4-mediated glucose transport, inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by >95% in wild-type and GLUT4-null soleus muscle. Addition of 35 mM fructose to the incubation media was without effect on insulin-stimulated 3-O-methylglucose transport activity in soleus muscle from either genotype, whereas 35 mM glucose inhibited insulin-stimulated (20 nM) 3-O-methylglucose transport by 65% in wild-type and 99% in GLUT4-null mice. We utilized the 2-N-4-1-(1-azi-2,2,2-triflu oroethyl)benzoyl-1, 3-bis(D-mannose-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine (ATB-BMPA) exofacial photolabel to determine if increased cell-surface GLUT1 or GLUT4 content accounted for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in GLUT4-null muscle. In wild-type soleus muscle, cell-surface GLUT4 content was increased by 2.8-fold under insulin-stimulated conditions and this increase corresponded to the increase in 2-deoxyglucose uptake. No detectable cell-surface GLUT4 was observed in soleus muscle from female GLUT4-null mice under either basal or insulin-stimulated conditions. Basal cell-surface GLUT1 content was similar between wild-type and GLUT4-null mice, with no further increase noted in either genotype with insulin exposure. Neither GLUT3 nor GLUT5 appeared to account for insulin-stimulated glucose-transport activity in wild-type or GLUT4-null muscle. In conclusion, insulin-stimulated glucose-transport activity in female GLUT4-null soleus muscle is mediated by a facilitative transport process that is glucose- and cytochalasin B-inhibitable, but which is not labelled strongly by ATB-BMPA.  (+info)

Adipocyte insulin action following ovulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome. (8/363)

The role of anovulation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the metabolic abnormality of insulin resistance in PCOS reflects, rather than causes, the ovarian dysfunction. Eight subjects with classical PCOS were studied on two occasions. Adipocyte insulin sensitivity together with hormonal and metabolic changes were investigated in patients with PCOS following prolonged amenorrhoea and then again in the early follicular phase after ovulation. Insulin receptor binding in amenorrhoeic subjects with PCOS was low at 0.78 +/- 0.08% and this increased to 1.18 +/- 0.19% after an ovulatory cycle (P < 0.05). Maximal insulin stimulated 3-O-methylglucose uptake was 0.70 +/- 0. 14 during amenorrhoea and increased to 1.08 +/- 0.25 pmol/10 cm(2) cell membrane (P < 0.05). Plasma testosterone fell (4.0 +/- 0.4 to 2. 3 +/- 0.2 nmol/l; P < 0.001), luteinizing hormone fell (17.6 +/- 2.3 to 6.7 +/- 0.8 IU/l; P < 0.001) but plasma insulin concentrations remained unchanged following ovulation (14.6 +/- 1.9 and 15.7 +/- 3. 8 pmol/l during amenorrhoea and after ovulation respectively). The results of this study suggest that chronic anovulation per se appears to modify the factors contributing to cellular insulin resistance seen in PCOS.  (+info)

3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
Insulin stimulates glucose transport in isolated fat cells by activation of glucose transporters in the plasma membranes and through translocation of the glucose transporter sub-types GLUT4 (insulin-regulatable) and GLUT1 (HepG2 transporter). The protein kinase C-stimulating phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is able to mimic partially the effect of insulin on glucose transport, apparently through stimulation of carrier translocation. In order to ascertain whether protein kinase C is involved in the translocation signal to both carrier sub-types, we determined the effect of PMA on the subcellular distribution of GLUT1 and GLUT4 by immunoblotting with specific antibodies directed against these transporters. Isolated rat fat cells (4 x 10(6) cells/ml) were stimulated for 20 min with insulin (6 nM) or PMA (1 nM). 3-O-Methylglucose transport was determined and plasma membranes and low-density microsomes were prepared for Western blotting. 3-O-Methylglucose transport was stimulated ...
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The transport properties for phenylalanine and glucose in luminal-membrane vesicles from outer cortex (pars convoluta) and outer medulla (pars recta) of rabbit kidney were studied by a spectrophotometric method. Uptake of phenylalanine as well as of glucose by the two types of membrane vesicles was found to be Na+-dependent, electrogenic and stereospecific. Na+-dependent transport of L-phenylalanine by outer-cortical membrane vesicles could be accounted for by one transport system (KA congruent to 1.5 mM). By contrast, in the outer-medullary preparation, L-phenylalanine transport occurred via two transport systems, namely a high-affinity system with K1A congruent to 0.33 mM and a low-affinity system with K2A congruent to 7 mM respectively. Na+-dependent uptake of D-glucose by pars convoluta and pars recta membrane vesicles could be described by single, but different, transport systems, namely a low-affinity system with KA congruent to 3.5 mM and a high-affinity system with KA congruent to 0.30 ...
Glucose toxicity is a well-established entity that has been shown in animal models of diabetes to contribute to development of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. In type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in humans, a considerable body of evidence has accumulated indicating that a chronic physiological increment in the plasma glucose concentration leads to progressive impairment in insulin secretion and may contribute to insulin resistance as well. The precise biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the hyperglycemia-induced defect in insulin secretion remains to be defined but may be related to a defect in phosphoinositide metabolism. In animal models of diabetes, development of insulin resistance is related to downregulation of the glucose-transport system, and a similar phenomenon is also likely to occur in humans. In addition, hyperglycemia in humans may lead to a defect in glycogen synthesis. In this respect, humans may be different from rats. In type I (insulin-dependent) ...
Downloadable! This paper uses Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIP) to estimate a time-varying equilibrium for the $NZ/$US nominal exchange rate over the period 1992 to 2003. While PPP is supported, the data does not support the strictest form of UIP. The estimated equilibrium can be considered a Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) that is conditional on interest rates and price levels. The large swings in New Zealands exchange rate during the 1990s were broadly consistent with the estimated conditional equilibrium, while the equally large swings in the exchange rate since 2000 were moves away from the conditional equilibrium. This may be because some factor other than interest rates or price levels has driven the exchange rate away from the conditional equilibrium since 2000. Alternatively, the long-run relationship between interest rates and the exchange rate may have changed since the 1990s.
Mediates an active uptake of hexoses, probably by sugar/hydrogen symport. Can transport glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, mannose, fructose and galactose, and, to a lower extent, xylose and ribulose.
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FOUND: If youve found something that might belong to a UW student, bring it to the Turnkey desk. LOST: Anyone who reads this site and wants to return a lost item that might belong to a UW student knows to bring it to Turnkey, so check there - no need to post here. *If youve lost something that you dont think will make its way to Turnkey though, or if youve returned something to somewhere other than Turnkey for whatever reason, feel free to submit an OMG and well be glad to post it. ...
Little Delia is absolutely adorable. And generous with her displays of affection. Her proud parents kindly submitted this to the OMG Babies collection.. ...
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So Ive been using Noxitril for a while now and at first I thought it was a #SCAM but after 3 months Im finally sharing my results and they are #NOT what..
June 21 Day 3 I m currently on the 3rd day of a 3-4 week cycle of DNP. I will be taking 1 pill a day everyday at 11:00 AM. The duration will vary
As omg! NOW continues its exclusive coverage from Sundance, we catch up with LMFAO at Park City Live. Find out why the band changed its original name of Sexy Dudes to LMFAO. Youll never guess who came up with the … Continue reading →
Just called and found out my secured orchardbank card has been unsecured on Jan 17th and my despoit was returned to me. From what I - 1863805 - 2
OMG this is amazing. I just checked on the status of VPVR for the first time in almost 9 months, and I picked a great time to do so! I spent the evening getting all your conversions up and running and I cant wait to see what else you have coming. Thank you for doing this.. If I could make one small request, I notice a few tables use transparent…[Read more]. ...
OMG, my twenties is slowly coming to an end...2 more years to go...I have experienced it all in the 20 years...the good, the bad, the ugly and the awesomely incredibly...I have 2 more years to fulfill the dreams I have to accomplish before the big 30...so help me God in achieving them ...
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I was a bit teary when I was in the car but I had to focus on driving. I am not asking her opinions. Yes, DS is certainly teething. Omg. I gave him teething gel last night and he slept few hrs stretch for the first time in 4 days. And - page 6
Date: June 2010 BPMN 2.0 by Example Version 1.0 (non-normative) OMG Document Number: dtc/ Standard document URL: Associated File:
TY - JOUR. T1 - Erythrocyte 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake assay for diagnosis of glucose- transporter-protein syndrome. AU - Klepper, Jörg. AU - Garcia-Alvarez, Marcela. AU - ODriscoll, Kevin R.. AU - Parides, Michael K.. AU - Wang, Dong. AU - Ho, Yuan Yuan. AU - De Vivo, Darryl C.. PY - 1999/5/12. Y1 - 1999/5/12. N2 - Glucose transport into the brain is mediated by a facilitative glucose- transporter protein, GLUT-1.A GLUT-1 defect results in the Glucose- Transporter-Protein Syndrome (GTPS), characterized by infantile epilepsy, developmental delay, and acquired microcephaly. The diagnosis is currently based on clinical features, low to normal lactate levels and low glucose levels (hypoglycorrhachia) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the demonstration of impaired GLUT-1 function in erythrocytes as described here. Blood samples were collected in sodium-heparin or citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution and uptake of 14C-labeled 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose (3OMG) into erythrocytes (0.5 mmol/L 3OMG; 1μCi/mL) ...
It has been hypothesized on the basis of studies on BC3H-1 myocytes that diacylglycerol generation with activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the stimulation of glucose transport in muscle by insulin. In the present study, we used the rat epitrochlearis muscle to evaluate the possibility that PKC activity mediates the stimulation of glucose transport by insulin in mammalian skeletal muscle. Phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens (PLC-Cp), which generates diacylglycerol from membrane phospholipids, and 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) induced increases in glucose transport activity (assessed using 3-O-methylglucose transport) that were approximately 80 and approximately 20% as great, respectively, as that induced by a maximal insulin stimulus. PLC-Cp and PMA both caused a approximately 2-fold increase in membrane-associated PKC activity. In contrast, insulin did not affect PKC activity. These findings argue against a role of diacylglycerol-mediated PKC ...
To determine the role of insulin in reversing the insulin resistance associated with depletion of the intracellular pool of glucose transporters, streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 5 U/day s.c. of insulin for 0, 8, or 14 days. At each time point, adipose cells were isolated, and 3-O-methylglucose transport was measured in the absence and presence of 1000 μU/ml insulin. With the cytochalasin B-binding assay, concentrations of glucose transporters in the plasma and the low-density microsomal membrane fractions were determined. Eight-day insulin therapy enhanced glucose transport rate (mean ± SE) from 0.2 ± 0.0 to 1.1 ± 0.1 fmol · cell−1 · min−1 in the basal state and from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 5.5 ± 0.4 fmol · cell−1 · min−1 in the insulin-stimulated state in untreated and treated diabetic rats, respectively; this is a 3-fold increment of glucose transport rate in both states compared with control rats. After 14-day insulin therapy, glucose-transport activity declined ...
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of spin-lock imaging to detect the uptake of 3-o-methyl-D-glucose (3oMG) in normal brain and brain tumors in animals. METHODS: Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R 1ρ ) were made over a range of spin-lock powers in rat brains bearing 9L tumors. The dispersion of R 1ρ values was quantified by ΔR 1ρ , the difference of R 1ρ values acquired with low and high locking powers. The glucose analogue 3oMG was administered intravenously and the differences of ΔR 1ρ values ( ΔR1ρdiff) before and as a function of time after administration were calculated to isolate the contribution of 3oMG to the dispersions, which at high fields primarily reflects chemical exchange effects ...
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dude this was FTW, because my DOGS, were all UIT ( up in this) literally my lazy muts lost their minds with the sounds and went all mad alert. I can only hope that if I am burglarized its by wtf and omg, so that my dogs will go all HN ( hell NO) on them. POFN ( PEACH OUT For Now). ReplyDelete ...
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Are we dating? OMG? I have a friends with benefits with this girl Cassie she 19 Im 20. We been friends with benefits for about 2 years now. But my friend Ben told me shes...... asked under Dating
However, AFAICT the spec does not mention to what value the rate attribute needs to be set in this case. IMO this is a problem with the SysML specification (which I cannot find back directly in the OMG issue list). So my guess is that this should be reported to the OMG SysML issue tracker www.omg.org/report_issue. ...
Summary: Allowing a person to belong to only one organization is too restrictive.. Request from John Yost, NCI, that the affiliation association between ...
when im happy i losten to it its great x I know, right? I actually prefer The Grand Finale; its just a longer version and has more heart put into it, in my opinion. I love this soundtrack. ...
:sleeping:OMFG!!!!!!! :freakingout: My daughter just turned four last week and she is still not sleeping all night!!!. 4 years of broken sleep!!! She went for 10 weeks at about 3.5 years and that was it. I have tried EVERYTHING!! And the
Now that she has become a witch, April encounters an unexpected challenge: without ever meaning to do it, she conjures up elephants in her dreams.
Omg the cutest bag to hold all her goodies! We are totally obsessing about our new clear tote with fun graphics all over. Me & Kay
OMG, I am proud to say that this is the clearest my skin has ever been. Its nothing short of a miracle. And guess what, I am comfortable in my own skin, that I no longer have to cake on makeup just to be able to go out of the house. I dont even wear it anymore. I also stopped wearing moisturize...
OMG Music Plus (also known as OMG Music Toolbar) is a very questionable plug-in, which may be related to Search.conduit.com. This extension may affect all
Oy. Im a former public defender, so dont watch any legal shows (NEVER any of those CSI shows, but I do love it when the forensic chemists grab their badges & guns to go have shoot outs with suspects. HA HA HA!), because it makes my head hurt when people try to act smart by talking legal. Dr. Lenny (did I hear right? He is a dentist?) issues a public INDICTMENT…What is that? Just accusing Duesberg of inventing AIDS? But then Lenny goes on to call on all the courts of heaven and earth to act on this indictment, and punish Dr. Duesberg for all of eternity. Well, okay I guess. But I have a few questions about which courts have jurisdiction, and adequacy of service…. The moderator should just change his name, move to a new state, and start his life over. Ive heard bad moderators in action, but he was the worst. He didnt even know how to control the flow of the show. When Lenny jumped in and attacked Dr. Duesberg for mischaracterizing Dr. Graves sheep story, I thought Lenny was right. ...
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by Cristina , Jul 7, 2015 , Dental Care. OMG Dental Tips - Brush Your Plaque Away The primary aim of personal dental care is to prevent cavities from forming in the teeth. In order for you to prevent cavities and maintain a healthy set of teeth, you need to remove plaque, a transparent layer of ...
This is a bottle of Newly High Quality 100pcs PH + Glucose + Protein Urine Testing Strips, allow you to test your Urine PH + Protein + Glucose Content within 30 seconds! --| One Strip for 3 test - PH,...
The description lists several options how to use the vitablets. One is to put it into water and cleanse the face with the water, another way is to drop one vitablet in a spray bottle and use it as a face mist. They also mention that you can use it to take a bath. I had seen this product on the Memebox website before and hoped I would get it in one of the boxes. Naturally I am happy to get it. I think I will try it as facial mist and as a cleanser and see what I like better ...
There is this one single real life friend of mine whom Ive told about fandom and shown one of my stories to (unless you count the sister, whom I sometimes forget is in fact a being separate from my own). The girl is everything I am not, with the shining exception of a few moments. She was in an up moment and I was in a down one, and it was the perfect time for us to meet because shes uplifting and I needed that. She bragged a new sexual experiment; she says I have that effect on her, to make her talk of sex (a statement I wont comment on, despite being terribly tempted :g:), which in all accuracy is not by any means on purpose. I did something new and different that I had been meaning to do for a while, she said in those exact words, and by telepathy and a healthy weekly dose of slash porn I knew before the sentence was over what she had done. its actually very, very good, and not what a girl generally expects of it she continued, after some time of omg-how-did-you-know and ...
PLEASE READ THIS AND HELP ME i am a young teen and i have lumps all in the INSIDE of my vagina.they are not small but not huge either ..i dont know if thats normal or not..the lumps are never itchy or ...
None of the following is your fault; its mine. Intellectually, I understand that it is your time to go off to college, but emotionally my heart has slipped out of chronology and keeps going back to when you were two, then twelve, then an infant cradled in my arms, then in intramurals making a basket,…
Im so excited and nervous and having a hard time not shouting my happy news to the world. I still cant believe it. Yay!!!
The mission for Casa HS was to make a house that fit seamlessly into its natural surroundings...that mission succeeded and then some. Check out this luxurious country retreat in Brazil.
I hope you guys in America reelect Obama.Some of you may not cmtlpeoly understand his healthcare plan.Some may think it just cant work. But is does.I live in Belgium, and our healthcare is one of the best in the world.We all have to pay (yes, even if you never get sick) but we all can pay the hospital costs when we get seriously sick.If we break a leg, we dont think: omg, i cant pay this. We think, omg does it hurt a lot?. Reply to Iheb ...
i have been hearing about a secret socioty called the illuminati. i started seeing some connections on my own between illuminati and what i heard when i was at the meetings when i was younger. holy shite they are directly connected.
Emerson Spartz is the founder and CEO of Chicago-based Spartz Media, the company behind Gives Me Hope and OMG Facts. If you havent heard of Spartz: he started
Have You Become Extra Sensitive With Crohns? OMG. I feel the same way. I watch t.v and i see someone crying and i start to cry. Im on entocort and i honestly think it has alot to do with it. I dont think its age. I also am more aware of my.... ...
I just got home from taking my NCLEX- omg..I know I failed. It was so bad. I actually only got 76 questions, but it was still the worst test I have EVER taken......:sniff:
kinda a Trance-y kinda song..not completely sure.. OMG a name... Heal My Broken Heart http://www.tindeck.com/audio/my/czyk/rgeshgs
In case no one has noticed yet, there are bubble gum flavored peeps this year!!!! OMG, they are so good too. I could eat them by the ton.

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