OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenaseortho-AminobenzoatesKynurenineOxazinesStreptomyces antibioticusXanthurenatesTryptophanNiacinQuinolinic AcidOxygenasesIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseDioxygenasesStreptomycesBasidiomycotaFree Radical ScavengersChromatography, Thin Layer
3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.
3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.6.
ortho-Aminobenzoates
Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.
Kynurenine
Oxazines
Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.
Streptomyces antibioticus
An actinomycete from which the antibiotic OLEANDOMYCIN is obtained.
Xanthurenates
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Niacin
A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
Quinolinic Acid
A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.
Oxygenases
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is an extrahepatic enzyme that plays a role in metabolism as the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Streptomyces
A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.
Basidiomycota
A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.
Free Radical Scavengers
Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Influence of adenine-induced renal failure on tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats. (1/40)

To discover the role of the kidney in tryptophan degradation, especially tryptophan to niacin, rat kidneys were injured by feeding a diet containing a large amount of adenine. The kidney contains very high activity of aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which leads tryptophan into the glutaric acid pathway and then the TCA cycle, but not to the niacin pathway. On the other hand, kidneys contain significant activity of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT), which leads tryptophan into the niacin pathway. The ACMSD activity in kidneys were significantly lower in the adenine group than in the control group, while the QPRT activity was almost the same, however, the formations of niacin and its compounds such as N1-methylnicotinamide and its pyridones did not increase, and therefore, the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin was lower in the adenine group than in the control group. The contents of NAD and NADP in liver, kidney, and blood were also lower in the adenine group. The decreased levels of niacin and the related compounds were consistent with the changes in the enzyme activities involved in the tryptophan-niacin metabolism in liver. It was concluded from these results that the conversion of tryptophan to niacin is due to only the liver enzymes and that the role of the kidney would be extremely low.  (+info)

Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites. (2/40)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of tryptophan, is expressed in certain cells and tissues, particularly in antigen-presenting cells of lymphoid organs and in the placenta. It was shown that IDO prevents rejection of the fetus during pregnancy, probably by inhibiting alloreactive T cells, and it was suggested that IDO-expression in antigen-presenting cells may control autoreactive immune responses. Degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid required for cell proliferation, was reported to be the mechanism of IDO-induced T cell suppression. Because we wanted to study the action of IDO-expressing dendritic cells (DCs) on allogeneic T cells, the human IDO gene was inserted into an adenoviral vector and expressed in DCs. Transgenic DCs decreased the concentration of tryptophan, increased the concentration of kynurenine, the main tryptophan metabolite, and suppressed allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro. Kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, but no other IDO-induced tryptophan metabolites, suppressed the T cell response, the suppressive effects being additive. T cells, once stopped in their proliferation, could not be restimulated. Inhibition of proliferation was likely due to T cell death because suppressive tryptophan catabolites exerted a cytotoxic action on CD3(+) cells. This action preferentially affected activated T cells and increased gradually with exposure time. In addition to T cells, B and natural killer (NK) cells were also killed, whereas DCs were not affected. Our findings shed light on suppressive mechanisms mediated by DCs and provide an explanation for important biological processes in which IDO activity apparently is increased, such as protection of the fetus from rejection during pregnancy and possibly T cell death in HIV-infected patients.  (+info)

T cell apoptosis by tryptophan catabolism. (3/40)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that, expressed by different cell types, has regulatory effects on T cells resulting from tryptophan depletion in specific local tissue microenvironments. Different mechanisms, however, might contribute to IDO-dependent immune regulation. We show here that tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, such as 3-hydroxyanthranilic and quinolinic acids, will induce the selective apoptosis in vitro of murine thymocytes and of Th1 but not Th2 cells. T cell apoptosis was observed at relatively low concentrations of kynurenines, did not require Fas/Fas ligand interactions, and was associated with the activation of caspase-8 and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. When administered in vivo, the two kynurenines caused depletion of specific thymocyte subsets in a fashion qualitatively similar to dexamethasone. These data suggest that the selective deletion of T lymphocytes may be a major mechanism whereby tryptophan metabolism affects immunity under physiopathologic conditions.  (+info)

Prokaryotic homologs of the eukaryotic 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase and 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase in the 2-nitrobenzoate degradation pathway of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7. (4/40)

The 2-nitrobenzoic acid degradation pathway of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7 proceeds via a novel 3-hydroxyanthranilate intermediate. In this study, we cloned and sequenced a 19-kb DNA locus of strain KU-7 that encompasses the 3-hydroxyanthranilate meta-cleavage pathway genes. The gene cluster, designated nbaEXHJIGFCDR, is organized tightly and in the same direction. The nbaC and nbaD gene products were found to be novel homologs of the eukaryotic 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase and 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase, respectively. The NbaC enzyme carries out the oxidation of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde, while the NbaD enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of the latter compound to 2-aminomuconate-6-semialdehyde. The NbaC and NbaD proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. The substrate specificity of the 23.8-kDa NbaC protein was found to be restricted to 3-hydroxyanthranilate. In E. coli, this enzyme oxidizes 3-hydroxyanthranilate with a specific activity of 8 U/mg of protein. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed the essential role of two conserved histidine residues (His52 and His96) in the NbaC sequence. The NbaC activity is also dependent on the presence of Fe(2+) but is inhibited by other metal ions, such as Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Cd(2+). The NbaD protein was overproduced as a 38.7-kDa protein, and its specific activity towards 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde was 195 U/mg of protein. Further processing of 2-aminomuconate-6-semialdehyde to pyruvic acid and acetyl coenzyme A was predicted to proceed via the activities of NbaE, NbaF, NbaG, NbaH, NbaI, and NbaJ. The predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins are highly homologous to those of the corresponding proteins involved in the metabolism of 2-aminophenol (e.g., AmnCDEFGH in Pseudomonas sp. strain AP-3). The NbaR-encoding gene is predicted to have a regulatory function of the LysR family type. The function of the product of the small open reading frame, NbaX, like the homologous sequences in the nitrobenzene or 2-aminophenol metabolic pathway, remains elusive.  (+info)

First evidence of catalytic mediation by phenolic compounds in the laccase-induced oxidation of lignin models. (5/40)

The sulfonephthalein indicator, phenol red, exhibits an unusually slow rate of oxidation by laccase from Poliporus pinsitus, in spite of the fact that it is a phenol and therefore a natural substrate for this phenoloxidase enzyme. Nevertheless, after prolonged exposure to laccase (24 h) phenol red is oxidized by more than 90%. We found that phenol red, which can be oxidatively converted into a resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical, performs as a mediator in the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of a nonphenolic substrate (4-methoxybenzyl alcohol) and also of a hindered phenol (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol). In particular, phenol red was found to be at least 10 times more efficient than 3-hydroxyanthranilate (a reported natural phenolic mediator of laccase) in the oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Other phenols, which do not bear structural analogies to phenol red, underwent rapid degradation and did not perform as laccase mediators. On the other hand, several variously substituted sulfonephthaleins, of different pK2 values, mediated the laccase catalysis, the most efficient being dichlorophenol red, which has the lowest pK2 of the series. The mediating efficiency of phenol red and dichlorophenol red was found to be pH dependent, as was their oxidation Ep value (determined by cyclic voltammetry). We argue that the relative abundance of the phenoxy anion, which is easier to oxidize than the protonated phenol, may be one of the factors determining the efficiency of a phenolic mediator, together with its ability to form relatively stable oxidized intermediates that react with the desired substrate before being depleted in undesired routes.  (+info)

Excretion of anthranilate and 3-hydroxyanthranilate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: relationship to iron metabolism. (6/40)

Resting suspensions of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in iron-rich or iron-deficient conditions were studied by following the fluorescence emission changes (lambda em. 400-460 nm, lambda exc. 300-340 nm) occurring in these suspensions upon addition of glucose and ferric iron. The results show that, in addition to NAD(P)H, metabolites of the aromatic amino acid pathway interfere with the fluorescence measurements, and that they could be involved in ferric iron reduction. Wild-type strains of S. cerevisiae are known to excreted anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in response to glucose. The major fluorescing compound excreted by a chorismate-mutase-deficient mutant strain of S. cerevisiae was identified as anthranilic acid. The excretion of anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids was correlated with the ferric-reducing capacity of the extracellular medium. Excretion during growth was much greater by cells cultured in iron-rich medium than by cells grown in iron-deficient medium. The possibility was examined that a link could exist between the biosynthesis of aromatics and the ferri-reductase activity of the cells, via chorismate synthase and its putative diaphorase-associated activity. Two ferri-reductase-deficient mutants excreted much less 3-hydroxyanthranilate than did the parental wild-type strains. However, the ferri-reductase activity of a chorismate-synthase-deficient mutant was comparable to that of the parental strain.  (+info)

Inducible and constitutive kynureninases. Control of the inducible enzyme activity by transamination and inhibition of the constitutive enzyme by 3-hydroxyanthranilate. (7/40)

The inducible kynureninase from Neurospora crassa is inactivated by incubation with L-alanine or L-ornithine. The inactivated enzyme is resolved to the apoenzyme by dialysis. Reactivation of the apoenzyme is achieved by incubation with pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate plus pyruvate, as well as with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The kynurenine hydrolysis proceeds linearly in the presence of added pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate plus pyruvate. These findings indicate that the fungal inducible kynureninase can act as an amino-transferase to control the enzyme activity, and that the control mechanism is similar to that reported for the bacterial kynureninase (Moriguchi, M. & Soda, K. (1973) Biochemistry 12, 2974-2980). The ratio of kynureninase activity to aminotransferase activity was determined with bacterial and fungal enzymes. All the inducible kynureninases from various fungal species examined are also controlled by the transamination. In contrast, the pig liver kynureninase and the fungal constitutive enzymes are little or not at all affected by preincubation with amino acids. Thus, the present regulatory mechanism does not operate in these constitutive-type enzymes. The rate of hydrolysis of L-3-hydroxykynurenine by the pig liver enzyme decreases with increase in the incubation time; the enzyme is inhibited by 3-hydroxyanthranilate produced from L-3-hydroxykynurenine. The inhibition is found in all the constitutive-type enzymes, suggesting that 3-hydroxyanthranilate plays a regulatory role in NAD biosynthesis from tryptophan.  (+info)

Characterization of a pseudomonad 2-nitrobenzoate nitroreductase and its catabolic pathway-associated 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate mutase and a chemoreceptor involved in 2-nitrobenzoate chemotaxis. (8/40)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7 is a prototype microorganism that metabolizes 2-nitrobenzoate (2-NBA) via the formation of 3-hydroxyanthranilate (3-HAA), a known antioxidant and reductant. The initial two steps leading to the sequential formation of 2-hydroxy/aminobenzoate and 3-HAA are catalyzed by a NADPH-dependent 2-NBA nitroreductase (NbaA) and 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate mutase (NbaB), respectively. The 216-amino-acid protein NbaA is 78% identical to a plasmid-encoded hypothetical conserved protein of Polaromonas strain JS666; structurally, it belongs to the homodimeric NADH:flavin mononucleotide (FMN) oxidoreductase-like fold family. Structural modeling of complexes with the flavin, coenzyme, and substrate suggested specific residues contributing to the NbaA catalytic activity, assuming a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Mutational analysis supports the roles of Asn40, Asp76, and Glu113, which are predicted to form the binding site for a divalent metal ion implicated in FMN binding, and a role in NADPH binding for the 10-residue insertion in the beta5-alpha2 loop. The 181-amino-acid sequence of NbaB is 35% identical to the 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate lyases (PnbBs) of various 4-nitrobenzoate-assimilating bacteria, e.g., Pseudomonas putida strain TW3. Coexpression of nbaB with nbaA in Escherichia coli produced a small amount of 3-HAA from 2-NBA, supporting the functionality of the nbaB gene. We also showed by gene knockout and chemotaxis assays that nbaY, a chemoreceptor NahY homolog located downstream of the nbaA gene, is responsible for strain KU-7 being attracted to 2-NBA. NbaY is the first chemoreceptor in nitroaromatic metabolism to be identified, and this study completes the gene elucidation of 2-NBA metabolism that is localized within a 24-kb chromosomal locus of strain KU-7.  (+info)

3-hydroxyanthranilic acid | definition of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by Medical dictionary3-hydroxyanthranilic acid | definition of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by Medical dictionary
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5-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid pharmaceutical drugs and health products5-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid pharmaceutical drugs and health products
5-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid containing medications, 5-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid indications and usages ATC and ICD codes, combinations with other active ingredients and trade names information from Drugs-about.com
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Mutagenetix > Incidental...Mutagenetix > Incidental...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] Kynureninase is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine and L-3-hydroxykynurenine into anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids, respectively. Kynureninase is involved in the biosynthesis of NAD cofactors from tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010 ...
https://mutagenetix.utsouthwestern.edu/incidental/incidental_rec.cfm?mid=535899
Research - Bryce Durafourt
The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles during inflammation: role of hemeoxygenase-1. Krause D, Suh HS, Tarassishin L, Cui QL, Durafourt BA, Choi N, Bauman A, Cosenza-Nashat M, Antel JP, Zhao ML, Lee SC. Am J Pathol. 2011 Sep;179(3):1360-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.048. PMID: ...
https://www.durafourt.com/?page_id=33
Plus itPlus it
Glutamate, the major transmitter of the corticostriatal pathway, is present in abundance in the striatum. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase (3HAO) is the biosynthetic enzyme for quinolinic acid, an endogenous agonist of the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype and a potent neurotoxin. In order to explore the anatomical basis of possible functional interactions between glutamate and quinolinic acid in the rat striatum, pre- and postembedding immunocytochemical methods were used to localize 3HAO immunoreactivity (-i) and glutamate-i at the electron microscopic level. In accordance with previous light microscopic and biochemical studies, 3HAO-i was detected exclusively in astrocytes throughout the striatum. Notably, 3HAO-i was present in fine- caliber glial processes that often surrounded or abutted synaptic profiles, both asymmetric and symmetric. Glutamate-i was heavily deposited (3-13-fold higher gold particle density than tissue average) in axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses with spines ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/15/2/1150
Citation tools | CirculationCitation tools | Circulation
Wang, Qiongxin et al Tryptophan-Derived 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice In Vivo. Circulation (2017): CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030972. Web. 22 Jan. 2018. ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/highwire/citation/244929/download
岩木 宏明 - 化学生命工学部 生命・生物工学科
論文Prokaryotic homologs of the eukaryotic 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase and 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase in the degradation pathway of 2-nitrobenzoate by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7査読有学術雑誌共著岩木 宏明;T.Muraki;M.Taki;Y.Hasegawa;H.Iwaki;P.C.K.Lau;adipic acid;green chemistry;Acinetobacter;gene cloning;Biodegradation;Cyclohexanol;Appl. Enviorn. Microbiol.69巻３号 1564-1572頁2003年3月 英文The 2-nitrobenzoic acid degradation pathway of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KU-7 proceeds via a novel 3-hydroxyanthranilate intermediate.In this study, we cloned and sequenced a 19-kb DNA locus of strain KU-7 that enocompasses the 3-hydroxyanthranilate meta-cleavage pathway genes.The gene cluster, designated nbaEX HJIGFCDR, is organized tightly and in the same derection.The nbaC and nbaDgene products were found to be novel homologs of the eukaryotic 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase and 2-amino-3carboxymuconate-6semialdehyde ...
http://gakujo.kansai-u.ac.jp/profile/ja/f7c4d4dRdc88edf6Q06qH93_15.html
Experimental Vitamin B6 Deficiency and the Effect of Oestrogen-Containing Oral Contraceptives on Tryptophan Metabolism and...Experimental Vitamin B6 Deficiency and the Effect of Oestrogen-Containing Oral Contraceptives on Tryptophan Metabolism and...
1. A vitamin B6-deficient diet was fed to an adult male subject to confirm previously described changes in tryptophan metabolism and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, and erythrocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities.. 2. The results were compared with those obtained in women taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives.. 3. The development of dietary vitamin B6 deficiency was indicated by decreased 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, increased urinary concentrations of xanthurenic acid, kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, an elevated 3-hydroxykynurenine/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio and impaired erythrocyte aminotransferase activities.. 4. Tryptophan metabolites and 4-pyridoxic acid excretion were determined in thirty-one women when they had been taking an oral contraceptive for 6-36 months. Of these, twenty-six had abnormal tryptophan metabolism, but the 4-pyridoxic acid was decreased in only seven. In six of these seven a raised 3-hydroxykynurenine/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/42/4/465/70043/Experimental-Vitamin-B6-Deficiency-and-the-Effect
Human 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO) dynamics and reaction, a multilevel computational study - Molecular...Human 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO) dynamics and reaction, a multilevel computational study - Molecular...
3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3HAO) is a non-heme iron dependent enzyme. It catalyses the cleavage of the benzene ring of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-Ohaa), an intermediate in the kynurenine pathway, and therefore represents a potential target in treating numerous disorders related to the concentra
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/mb/c4mb00668b/unauth
Iron in the structure of Crystal Structure of 3-Hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-Dioxygenase From Ralstonia Metallidurans Complexed With...
Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Iron atom in PDB 1yfy: Crystal Structure of 3-Hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-Dioxygenase From Ralstonia Metallidurans Complexed With 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
http://iron.atomistry.com/pdb1yfy.html
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent Stanniocalcin 2 Induction by Cinnabarinic Acid Provides Cytoprotection Against ER and...Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent Stanniocalcin 2 Induction by Cinnabarinic Acid Provides Cytoprotection Against ER and...
Thank you for sharing this Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics article.. NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.. ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2015/02/11/jpet.114.222265/tab-figures-data
Reactome | 3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate +...Reactome | 3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate +...
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-DDI-71217
Anthranilic acid based CCK1 receptor antagonists and CCK-8 have a common step in their receptor desmodynamic processes.
The interaction between the 1-47 N-terminus of the CCK(1)-R and the anthranilic acid based antagonists has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. These antagonists interact with W39 of the N-terminal domain of the CCK(1)-R like that of the e
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Anthranilic-acid-based-CCK1-receptor/16610788.html
Publications | Nair Lab - University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignPublications | Nair Lab - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ortega, M.A., Cogan, D.P., Mukherjee, S., Garg, N., Li, B., Thibodeaux, G.N., Maffioli, S.I., Donadio, S., Sosio, M., Escano, J., Smith, L., Nair, S.K.*, and van der Donk, W.A. (2017) Two Flavoenzymes Catalyze the Post-translational Generation of 5-Chlorotryptophan and Aminovinyl-Cysteine During NAI-107 Biosynthesis. ACS Chem. Bio. 12, 548-557. (*Corresponding author ...
https://publish.illinois.edu/satish-nair-lab/?page_id=13
Holistic Tinnitus SecretsHolistic Tinnitus Secrets
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ICSC 1295 - ANTHRANILIC ACIDICSC 1295 - ANTHRANILIC ACID
Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment ...
http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1295.htm
ICSC 1295 - ANTHRANILIC ACIDICSC 1295 - ANTHRANILIC ACID
Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment ...
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1295&p_version=1&p_lang=en
The Auditorium Drops B L U E - ohesteeThe Auditorium Drops B L U E - ohestee
The Auditoriums B L_U E_ is haunting, melancholic refrain, a reflection of the minuscule feeling you feel when you realize how big the world really is.
http://ohestee.com/music/songs/the-auditorium-drops-blue/
Comprehension is hard - The Britalian Post
Comprehension is hard. Even if youre good at languages and speak one regularly, you will never own it as much as a native does, and will always experience some issues when trying to express yourself or understand what others are saying. Simply said: you suck! I remember the time I started watching the first episode…
https://thebritalianpost.com/comprehension-is-hard/
The kynurenine pathway in body and brain : relation with physical exercise and mental healthThe kynurenine pathway in body and brain : relation with physical exercise and mental health
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation is the focus in a variety of research fields and several of the metabolites produced along the pathway are suggested as future biomarkers. Growing interest in a better understanding of the physiological and the pathophysiological importance of kynurenine pathway metabolites is followed by the need for a robust, sensitive method that can quantify multiple metabolites simultaneously. In the present thesis, the first aim was to develop and validate robust and sensitive methods for the analysis of kynurenine pathway metabolites in body and brain. Our method thus allows for simultaneous quantification of low concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3- hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), picolinic acid (PIC), nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. In addition, our new method clearly separates the peaks of ...
https://openarchive.ki.se/xmlui/handle/10616/47592
Analytical Chemistry | University of Arizona Cancer CenterAnalytical Chemistry | University of Arizona Cancer Center
available through Sub-core. **= 9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, 13-oxo-ODE, 9-oxo-ODE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 12(13)-EpOME, 9(10)-EpOME, EKODE, 12,13-DiHOME, 9,10-DiHOME, 15-deoxy-Prostaglandin J2, 15-HEPE, 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE, 5-HEPE, 17(18)-EpETE, 15-oxo-ETE, 14(15)-EpETE, 11(12)-EpETE, 8(9)-EpETE, 12-oxo-ETE, 5-oxo-ETE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE, 8-HETE, 12-HETE, 9-HETE, 5-HETE, 14(15)-EET, 11(12)-EET, 8(9)-EET, 5(6)-EET, 15(S)-HETrE, Prostaglandin J2, Prostaglandin B2, 8,15-DiHETE, 6-trans-Leukotriene B4, 5,15-DiHETE, 17,18-DiHET, Leukotriene B4, 14,15-DiHETE, 5,6-DiHETE, 14,15-DiHET, Leukotriene B3, 11,12-DiHET, 8,9-DiHET, 5,6-DiHET, 17-HDHA, 19(20)-EpDPA, 16(17)-EpDPA, 13(14)-EpDPA, 10(11)-EpDPA, 7(8)-EpDPA, Prostaglandin E3, Prostaglandin D3, 20-OH-Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandin E2, Prostaglandin D2, Lipoxin A4, Prostaglandin F2a, Prostaglandin E1, Prostaglandin D1, 19,20-DiHDPE, 20-COOH-LTB4, 6-keto-PGF1a, TXB2, Resolvin D1. ***= 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, L-tryptophan, ...
https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/researchers/shared-resources/analytical-chemistry
Patent US8203016 - Anthranilic acid amides and derivatives thereof as cosmetic and ... - Google PatentsPatent US8203016 - Anthranilic acid amides and derivatives thereof as cosmetic and ... - Google Patents
The use of specific compounds of the Formula 1 (and also corresponding mixtures) in particular as cosmetic agents for the inhibition of the substance P-induced release of histamine from mast cells is described.
http://www.google.com/patents/US8203016?dq=7,444,563
Methyl nitrobenzoate melting point. What is the melting point of methyl m. 2019-01-06Methyl nitrobenzoate melting point. What is the melting point of methyl m. 2019-01-06
Methyl nitrobenzoate melting point.Thus, the formation of byproduct increased immediately and reduced the amount of product aquired during the end of the experiment.
http://mumbles.co.uk/methyl-nitrobenzoate-melting-point.html
Metabolism and function of brain kynurenines | Biochemical Society TransactionsMetabolism and function of brain kynurenines | Biochemical Society Transactions
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/21/1/77
Pull-Out School Music Classes - Childrens Music WorkshopPull-Out School Music Classes - Childrens Music Workshop
Pull-Out School Music Classes. Pull-outs have become almost a nightmare for many elementary school principals, who view the practice as a kind of pernicious anemia that attacks whole-class instruction time. Once pull-outs take hold in a school, there appears to be no end to them, and no way to rid the instructional program of their debilitating impact.- From Pull-outs: How much do they erode whole-class teaching? by F. English, appearing in Principal, May 1984, p. 32.. BACKGROUND. Many school instrumental music programs remove students from aregular classroom for individual or small-group instrumentalinstruction. Often, this practice causes tension among teachers and administrators. Many of those opposed to pull-out lessons are concerned that students will fall behind in their academic performance by missing classroom instruction time. In the study described below, the test scores of students who leave theirclassroom for thirty-minute string instrument lessons twice each week are compared to ...
http://www.childrensmusicworkshop.com/advocacy/pullout/
Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients ...Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients ...
In the present study, we investigated the peripheral concentration of cytokines and kynurenine metabolites in unipolar patients diagnosed with an ongoing severe major depressive episode. Our data, showing increased plasma levels of IL-6, decreased KYNA levels, and an increased QUIN/KYNA ratio in these patients, supports the view of an ongoing low-grade inflammation [42] and an imbalanced kynurenine pathway [30-33] in MDD. The finding that the QUIN/KYNA ratio was increased in patients supports the hypothesis of a netstimulation of NMDA receptors in depression [30-33]. The observation of low plasma KYNA was confirmed in a second, age- and gender-matched, healthy control cohort. Furthermore, we found that treatment with ECT induced major changes in peripheral kynurenine metabolites in patients with MDD. Thus, plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, and QUIN significantly decreased after a series of three ECT administrations whereas plasma levels of KYNA did not change. Interestingly, following ...
https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-016-0517-7
Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse<...Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse. AU - Saito, K.. AU - Markey, S. P.. AU - Heyes, M. P.. PY - 1992/11. Y1 - 1992/11. N2 - Accumulation of quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines derived from tryptophan are of potential significance in human neuropathologic diseases because of their neurotoxic and convulsant properties. Clinical studies have established that sustained elevations of quinolinic acid, l-kynurenine and kynurenic acid within the cerebrospinal fluid occur in patients with a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases and correlate with markers of immune activation and interferon-y activity. The present study describes an animal model that replicates these clinical observations and investigates the role of interferon-γ as a mediator between immune activation and increased kynurenine pathway metabolism. Marked elevations in quinolinic acid, l-kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine as well as an increased ratio of ...
https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/effects-of-immune-activation-on-quinolinic-acid-and-neuroactive-k
H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx and its inhibition by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid in the beta-cells : involvement of TRPM2...H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx and its inhibition by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid in the beta-cells : involvement of TRPM2...
Type 2 melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel (TRPM2), a member of the melastatin-related TRP (transient receptor potential) subfamily is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel activated by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). We have investigated the role of TRPM2 channels in mediating the H(2)O(2)-induced increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in insulin-secreting cells. In fura-2 loaded INS-1E cells, a widely used model of beta-cells, and in human beta-cells, H(2)O(2) increased [Ca(2+)](i), in the presence of 3 mM glucose, by inducing Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) influx was not blocked by nimodipine, a blocker of the L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels nor by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a blocker of several TRP channels and store-operated channels, but it was completely blocked by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), a potent inhibitor of TRPM2. Adenosine diphosphate phosphate ribose, a specific activator of TRPM2 ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:357047
Methyl 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoate 6307-82-0, China Methyl 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoate 6307-82-0 Manufacturers, China Methyl 2-Chloro...
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ANTHRANILIC ACID DERIVATIVES - Patent applicationANTHRANILIC ACID DERIVATIVES - Patent application
24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 5-(2,4-Dichloro-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(4-Bromo-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-(cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)-be- nzoic acid, 5-(4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(2,4-Bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(4-Chloro-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 2-(Cyclopropanecarbonyl-amino)-5-(4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-b- enzoic acid, 5-(2-Bromo-4-fluoro-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(2-Bromo-4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(3,4-Dibromo-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, 5-(4-Bromo-3-chloro-benzyloxy)-2-propionylamino-benzoic acid, ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20120283326
PFLU 6020 - Uncharacterized protein - Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain SBW25) - PFLU 6020 gene & proteinPFLU 6020 - Uncharacterized protein - Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain SBW25) - PFLU 6020 gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C3K4A8
Ethyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate 16588-17-3 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR SpectrumEthyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate 16588-17-3 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum
Ethyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate 16588-17-3 NMR spectrum, Ethyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate H-NMR spectral analysis, Ethyl 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoate C-NMR spectral analysis ect.
http://www.molbase.com/en/hnmr_16588-17-3-moldata-61520.html
Methyl 4-(butyrylamino)-3-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate 152628-01-8 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR SpectrumMethyl 4-(butyrylamino)-3-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate 152628-01-8 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum
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http://www.molbase.com/en/hnmr_152628-01-8-moldata-24860.html
Search Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
One-pot synthesis of various 2,3-polymethylene-4(3H)-quinazolinones from anthranilic acid, corresponding lactam and SOCl2 is described, which can be applicable to the synthesis of simple 4(3H ...
https://query.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/search/q?kw=SubjectTerms:ortho-Aminobenzoates%20-%20chemical%20synthesis
Furosemide Injection USP » SGPharmaFurosemide Injection USP » SGPharma
FUROSEMIDE INJECTION USP (Furosemide) is a potent diuretic with rapid action which is an anthranilic acid derivative. Chemically, Furosemide is 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid. The molecular formula is C12H11CIN2O5S and molecular weight is 330.74.
https://sgpharma.com/home/product_details.php?ProductID=339
Cake Wrecks: Theyre Coming to Take Me Away, Ha Haa!Cake Wrecks: Theyre Coming to Take Me Away, Ha Haa!
When I was a kid, the local bakery made frogs for St. Patricks day - which are pretty much what the green blobs looked like, only better. My birthday is March 15th, so my aunt would buy frogs for the family. My older brother never ate his, we just thought it was because he wasnt much of a sweets person. Last year, he reavealed it was because of the brains in the frog. The base was yellow cupcake, topped with pink cream (later pink marshmallow), then covered with green fondant, with the face piped on. He said they gave him nightmares, and my aunt bought these for like, 15 years. I thought they were the best things ever!!. ...
http://cakewrecks.blogspot.com/2009/03/theyre-coming-to-take-me-away-ha-haa.html?showComment=1237482000000
Cake Wrecks: Theyre Coming to Take Me Away, Ha Haa!Cake Wrecks: Theyre Coming to Take Me Away, Ha Haa!
When I was a kid, the local bakery made frogs for St. Patricks day - which are pretty much what the green blobs looked like, only better. My birthday is March 15th, so my aunt would buy frogs for the family. My older brother never ate his, we just thought it was because he wasnt much of a sweets person. Last year, he reavealed it was because of the brains in the frog. The base was yellow cupcake, topped with pink cream (later pink marshmallow), then covered with green fondant, with the face piped on. He said they gave him nightmares, and my aunt bought these for like, 15 years. I thought they were the best things ever!!. ...
http://cakewrecks.blogspot.com/2009/03/theyre-coming-to-take-me-away-ha-haa.html?showComment=1237479900001
RESEPI TOMYAM AYAM BERSAMA TAUHU TELUR PEDAS - atiehilmi.com - Malaysian Lifestyle BloggerRESEPI TOMYAM AYAM BERSAMA TAUHU TELUR PEDAS - atiehilmi.com - Malaysian Lifestyle Blogger
haa.. tajuk yang sedikit over.. hee~ tapi itulah bahan-bahannye.. memang la tomyam masam masam tapi kalau tak cukup pedas atau terlebih pedas memang tak brape sedap.. haa.. nah !! resepi dari ceruk dapo kakak.. TOMYAM AYAM BERSAMA TAUHU TELUR PEDAS pedas tapi sedap gile.. untuk yang tengah diet, menu ni memang lulus tanpa diragui.. serius ...
https://www.atiehilmi.com/2017/05/resepi-tomyam-ayam-bersama-tauhu-telur.html?showComment=1505970497369
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Frontiers | Vasorelaxing Action of the Kynurenine Metabolite, Xanthurenic Acid: The Missing Link in Endotoxin-Induced...Frontiers | Vasorelaxing Action of the Kynurenine Metabolite, Xanthurenic Acid: The Missing Link in Endotoxin-Induced...
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. L-kynurenine, an upstream metabolite of the pathway, acts as a putative endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and has been hypothesized to play a causative role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced hypotension. Here, we show that xanthurenic acid, the transamination product of 3-hydroxykynurenine, is more efficacious than L-kynurenine in causing relaxation of a resistance artery, but fails to relax pre-contracted aortic rings. In the mesenteric artery, xanthurenic acid enhanced activating phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the relaxing action of xanthurenic acid was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of NOS and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Systemic injection of xanthurenic acid reduced blood pressure in mice, and serum levels of xanthurenic acid increased by several fold in response to a pulse with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccaride (LPS). LPS-induced
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2017.00214/full
Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from human ss-amyloid precursor proteinAntimicrobial activity of peptides derived from human ss-amyloid precursor protein
Antimicrobial peptides are important effector molecules of the innate immune system. Here, we describe that peptides derived from the heparin-binding disulfide-constrained loop region of human beta-amyloid precursor protein are antimicrobial. The peptides investigated were linear and cyclic forms of NWCKRGRKQCKTHPH (NWC15) as well as the cyclic form comprising the C-terminal hydrophobic amino acid extension FVIPY (NWCKRGRKQCKTHPHFVIPY; NWC20c). Compared with the benchmark antimicrobial peptide LL-37, these peptides efficiently killed the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the fungi Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Correspondingly, fluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated that the peptides caused defects in bacterial membranes. Analogously, the peptides permeabilised negatively charged liposomes. Despite their bactericidal effect, the peptides displayed very limited hemolytic ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:510960
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Cytotoxic Anthranilic Acid Derivatives from Deep Sea Sediment-Derived Fungus Penicillium...Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Cytotoxic Anthranilic Acid Derivatives from Deep Sea Sediment-Derived Fungus Penicillium...
Five new anthranilic acid derivatives, penipacids A-E (1-5), together with one known analogue (6), which was previously synthesized, were characterized from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine sediment-derived fungus Penicillium paneum SD-44. Their structures were elucidated mainly by extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1, and 5 exhibited inhibitory activity against human colon cancer RKO cell line, while compound 6 displayed cytotoxic activity against Hela cell line.
http://mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/8/3068/htm
Foxp3+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Stimulate IFN-γ-Independent CD152-Mediated Activation of Tryptophan Catabolism That Provides...Foxp3+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Stimulate IFN-γ-Independent CD152-Mediated Activation of Tryptophan Catabolism That Provides...
We observed that repeated exposure to SEB increased the expression of CD152 on SEB-specific Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cells and provided the cells with the capacity to regulate and control the strong primary T cell response stimulated by SEB. This regulatory function was dependent on the activation of tryptophan catabolism and could be inhibited by neutralization of CD152-B7 interactions. In addition, we also observed that CD11c+ DC from unresponsive animals acquired regulatory activity through CD152-mediated stimulation of tryptophan catabolism. DC isolated from normal or IFN-γ-deficient BALB/c mice were equally effective in up-regulating the molecule as well as in inducing tryptophan catabolism following CD152-Ig exposure. These results, in agreement with previous observations made by others (19), indicated that IFN-γ signaling was not necessary for IDO expression and activity. We conclude that repeated TCR-mediated stimulation of Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T regulatory cells within a short period of time ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/179/2/910.long
Radical Scavenging Properties of Tryptophan Metabolites | SpringerLinkRadical Scavenging Properties of Tryptophan Metabolites | SpringerLink
Radical scavenging properties of tryptophan metabolites were estimated using their radical reactivity. Metabolites of the kynurenine and the melatonin biosynthesis pathway were mainly examined by use...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_50
Quinolinic acid synthetase: Definition with Quinolinic acid synthetase Pictures and PhotosQuinolinic acid synthetase: Definition with Quinolinic acid synthetase Pictures and Photos
Definition of Quinolinic acid synthetase with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.
http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/quinolinic_acid_synthetase
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Asymmetric Synthesis of 4,1-Benzoxazepine-2,5-Diones - Effect of the Halogen of (2S)-α-Haloacids ...Molecules | Free Full-Text | Asymmetric Synthesis of 4,1-Benzoxazepine-2,5-Diones - Effect of the Halogen of (2S)-α-Haloacids ...
Novel chiral 4,1-benzoxazepine-2,5-diones have been unusually synthesized in a single step by exploiting the chiral pool methodology. Substituted anthranilic acids afford N-acylanthranilic acids and (3R)-3-alkyl-4,1-benzoxazepines-2,5-dione upon coupling with α-chloroacids or α-bromoacids, respectively.
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/1/139/htm
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Cell phone photos - Johanna Amnelin - Melancholic Photography
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Cell phone photos - Johanna Amnelin - Melancholic Photography
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SWISS-MODEL Repository | C3K5G7
SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for C3K5G7 (PDXB_PSEFS), Erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase. Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain SBW25)
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/C3K5G7
A reexamination of the composition of diets associated with pellagraA reexamination of the composition of diets associated with pellagra
Diets described in historical studies of human pellagra, have been reexamined by using modern tables of nutrient composition. Five apparently pellagragenic diets from field studies were estimated to have niacin equivalents (NE) well in excess of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), i.e., 6.6 mg/ …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3998856/
i am jacks inflamed uterus | musings of a melancholici am jacks inflamed uterus | musings of a melancholic
today, the energy shifted. i made a conscious effort to do just that, and i did it in the smallest way. i decided to pick up an old faithful - East of Eden (perhaps my favorite book of all time???!!!), and began the first chapter on the bus on the way to work on a deserted highway ...
https://candacemorris.blogspot.com/2007/12/i-am-jacks-inflamed-uterus.html
4 weeks: Grief as amniotic fluid and raging rivers | musings of a melancholic4 weeks: Grief as amniotic fluid and raging rivers | musings of a melancholic
I rubbed your feet. You wanted to be touched, always. The sweetness of it broke my heart. Tice picked up your guitar and started playing little bits of songs here and there. We were so scared, we didnt know what to do. But he followed his true self (which, you would definitely say, is always the right thing to do) and in that moment, the music was everything ...
http://candacemorris.blogspot.com/2017/08/4-weeks-grief-as-amniotic-fluid-and.html
Behind the Scene.: tersirapp ^ ^Behind the Scene.: tersirapp ^ ^
hm . gila sengal kott hari niee . lagi terok siot hari niee ramai taa datangg . ish3 . next week lagi ramainye kan , sbb naa dekat raya dahh oh . ngee! LOL . bengong kott naem hari niee . larh . saya engad dea kenal selama niee shahrul saya tuu , so selama niee dea pandeyy sebot jelah . ye lahh , ikot azim kann . mmg macam tuu . koya parok ! taa kenal rupenye mamat niee si shahrul tuu . HAHA . nganjengg saya punye lahh segala macam bagai je . last last bole pulak tanye saya weyy , shahrul tuu umur brape ? naa gelak saya rase mase tuu . tapi mase tuu saya tgah termenung kott , so taa dengar sangat lahh apee dea cakap . then apih terang terang kan sikitt , baru lahh haa . lahh shahrul hakim tuu ke . yang tinggi tinggi , yang puteh puteh tuu . ngee! hotak kau lembap betol naa pick-up kan naem , gila slengaa ahh kau niee . pastuu si naem niee buat statement yang saya sendiri taa tahuu menahuu . ntah pape meyh ! WTF punye statement haa ? naem cakapp , aqib cakap mase skola rendah , kau suke ...
http://budakakimaginasi.blogspot.com/2010/08/tersirapp.html
Temperament and Its Four TypesTemperament and Its Four Types
A complete definition of temperament and its four types: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic; with strengths and weaknesses.
https://undepress.net/temperament-and-its-four-types/
The Joint by fobee | AudioJungleThe Joint by fobee | AudioJungle
Buy The Joint by fobee on AudioJungle. Deep Electronica track, melodic yet melancholic and beautiful. Lots of Fx, synths, bass and many gorgeous pads. Works...
https://audiojungle.net/item/the-joint/2912379?WT.seg_1=portfolio_item&WT.z_author=fobee&sso%3FWT.ac=portfolio_item
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
Monohydroxybenzoic acids, Anthranilic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... Mechanism of Formation of Quinolinic Acid". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 234 (4): 880-883. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)70194- ... 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. It is new antioxidant isolated from methanol ... 44 (3): 696. doi:10.1021/jf950454t. HAA concentration graph in lyophilized tempeh powder extract (in Indonesian) v t e ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Hydroxyanthranilic_acid
HAAOHAAO
3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6) is an enzyme encoded by the HAAO gene that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in ... 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxyanthranilate and O2, whereas its ... 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase and 3HAO. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, iron. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAAO
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.5) (also called 3-HAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... This enzyme is also called 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase. Vécsei, L; Szalárdy, L; Fülöp, F; Toldi, J (January 2013). " ... Morgan LR Jr, Weimorts DM, Aubert CC (1965). "Oxidation Of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by a soluble liver fraction from ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen oxidoreductase. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-hydroxyanthranilate_oxidase
Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylaseAminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase
Other names in common use include picolinic acid carboxylase, picolinic acid decarboxylase, alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate- ... Enzymic Formation of Alpha-Aminomuconic Acid from 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240 (2): 740 ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)but-2-enedioate carboxy-lyase (2-aminomuconate- ... The enzyme aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) catalyzes the chemical reaction 2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde_decarboxylase
Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenaseAminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
enzymic formation of alpha-aminomuconic acid from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240: 740-9. ... Other names in common use include 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxymuconic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase ... benzoic acid degradation via hydroxylation, tryptophan metabolism, and the degradation pathway for toluene and xylene. The ... 2 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are 2- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminomuconate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase
TilivallineTilivalline
The other pathway is based on tomaymycin biosynthesis, and involves chorismate being converted to anthranilic acid which ... First, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) is biosynthesized from enzymes AroX and 3-dehydroquinate synthase AroB which are ... In this pathway, ADIC is converted to trans-2-Dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (DHAA) by the isochorismate IcmX. This is ... After compound 6 has been biosynthesized, this leads to either tilimycin (2) or culdesacin (3) via two different spontaneous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilivalline
RhodoquinoneRhodoquinone
With the addition of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the product that arises is 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid D. The next three ... instead of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) which leads to RQ. "[Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted ... 49 (3): 57. June 2012. ISBN 978-9241209120. Stairs CW, Eme L, Muñoz-Gómez SA, Cohen A, Dellaire G, Shepherd JN, et al. (April ... and activity from certain genes like kynu-1 which encodes for the KYNU-1 enzyme that catalyzes production of 3-hydroxy-L- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodoquinone
A23187A23187
Commercially, A23187 is available as free acid, Ca2+ salt, and 4-brominated analog. "A23187". Medical Dictionary Online. 2006. ... 55 (3): 974-82. doi:10.1128/AAC.01130-10. PMC 3067094. PMID 21173184. A23187 Archived June 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine ... The core biosynthetic enzymes are thought to include 3 proteins for the biosynthesis of the α-ketopyrrole moiety, 5 for modular ... "A23187". Archived from the original on 3 November 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-01. Liposomal Encapsulation of Topotecan Enhances ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A23187
C7H7NO3C7H7NO3
The molecular formula C7H7NO3 may refer to: Aminosalicylic acids 4-Aminosalicylic acid Mesalazine 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid o- ... Nitroanisole 3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol Salicylhydroxamic acid This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H7NO3
Quinolinic acidQuinolinic acid
... and other amino acids. Lesions in the pallidum can suppress effects of quinolinic acid in monkeys injected with quinolinic acid ... Quinolinic acid has also been found in HAND patients' brains. In fact, the amount of quinolinic acid found in the brain of HAND ... Quinolinic acid is a downstream product of the kynurenine pathway, which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan. It acts as an ... Quinolinic acid levels are too high at these sites to be controlled by KYNA, causing neurotoxicity to occur. Quinolinic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinolinic_acid
List of EC numbers (EC 3)List of EC numbers (EC 3)
The activity may be that of an acid phosphatase EC 3.1.3.31: The activity may be that of an acid phosphatase EC 3.1.3.32: ... ABC-type polar-amino-acid transporter EC 3.6.3.22: Now EC 7.4.2.2, ABC-type nonpolar-amino-acid transporter EC 3.6.3.23: Now EC ... EC 3.1.2.25: phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.26: Now EC 2.8.3.25, bile acid CoA transferase EC 3.1.2.27: choloyl-CoA ... N-acylD-amino-acid deacylase EC 3.5.1.82: N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase EC 3.5.1.83: N-acyl-D-aspartate deacylase EC 3.5.1.84: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)
NeurosporaNeurospora
"Hydroxyanthranilic Acid as a Precursor of Nicotinic Acid in Neurospora" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 34 (1): 1-5. ... Zimmer, E. M., August 1946, "MUTANT STRAINS OF NEUROSPORA DEFICIENT IN PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID", MA Thesis, Stanford University ... 3 (2): 115-132. doi:10.1016/S0740-0020(86)80035-1. Garcia, D.; et al. (2004). "A synopsis and re-circumscription of Neurospora ... 12 (3): 649-663. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.023. PMID 21439389.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora
4-Chlorokynurenine4-Chlorokynurenine
Amino acids, Antidepressants, Chlorobenzenes, Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitors, Experimental drugs, NMDA receptor ... Most of its therapeutic potential is believed to occur via 7-chlorokynurenic acid which inhibits the glycine co-agonist site of ... 4-Chlorokynurenine is prodrug of 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA), which in turn is a halogenated derivative of L-kynurenine ... 4-Chlorokynurenine penetrates the blood-brain barrier via the large neutral amino acid transporter 1. In the central nervous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Chlorokynurenine
List of MeSH codes (D02)List of MeSH codes (D02)
... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ... muramic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562 - neuraminic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562.668 - sialic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)
Kynurenic acid analytical standard 492-27-3Kynurenic acid analytical standard 492-27-3
4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid; find Supelco-67667 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar ... Kynurenic acid analytical standard; CAS Number: 492-27-3; EC Number: 207-751-5; Synonyms: KYNA, ... Kynurenic acid may be used as an analytical standard for the quantification of the analyte in serum samples, food and honeybee ... Kynurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, is a naturally occurring NMDA-receptor and an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MY/en/product/sial/67667
BNA1 Homology | SGDBNA1 Homology | SGD
Biosynthesis of Nicotinic Acid 1 Comparative Info. Homologs Homology calls are sourced from the Alliance of Genome Resources. ... 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression ...
https://www.yeastgenome.org/locus/S000003786/homology
New Biomarker May Predict SuicideNew Biomarker May Predict Suicide
The researchers measured plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-HAA, and IDO, as indexed by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ... "Inflammation in the body activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which breaks tryptophan into kynurenine, which is further ... 3-HAA) and decreased levels of tryptophan.. The study population consisted of 20 teens with MDD who were at high risk for ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/847161
Acute Psychological Stress Modulates the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Kynurenine Pathway throughout Corticolimbic...Acute Psychological Stress Modulates the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Kynurenine Pathway throughout Corticolimbic...
... quinolinic acid) and neuroprotective (kynurenic acid) metabolites. Glucocorticoid hormones and inflammatory mediators, both of ... particularly those involved in the production of quinolinic acid, were found within the amygdala, hypothalamus, and medial ... Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that is necessary for protein synthesis, but also serves as the precursor for ... quinolinic acid) and neuroprotective (kynurenic acid) metabolites. Glucocorticoid hormones and inflammatory mediators, both of ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2016/7215684/
JCI - Meningeal dendritic cells drive neuropathic pain through elevation of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in miceJCI - Meningeal dendritic cells drive neuropathic pain through elevation of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in mice
Quinolinic acid: a potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981;72(4):411-412.. View this ... Kynurenic acid inhibits synaptic and acidic amino acid-induced responses in the rat hippocampus and spinal cord. Brain Res. ... Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(31):22021-22028.. View this ... Synthesis of quinolinic acid by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase in rat brain tissue in vitro. J Neurochem. 1986;47(1):23-30 ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/153805
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2013.txt
DeCSDeCS
Acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic. Tree number(s):. D02.241.223.100.050.400.400. D02.241.223.100.300.300. D02.241.511.390.300. D02.455 ... 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid - Preferred Concept UI. M0023218. Scope note. An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may ... ácido 3-hidroxiantranílico. Scope note:. Producto de oxidación del metabolismo del triptófano. Puede ser un barrendero de ... Acide 3-hydroxy-anthranilique Entry term(s):. 3 Hydroxyanthranilic Acid. ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=7039
Search Results | Blood | American Society of HematologySearch Results | Blood | American Society of Hematology
Effects of a Folic Acid 5 Mg Daily Intervention on Markers of Vitamin B Status and Kynurenine Pathway ...
https://ashpublications.org/blood/search-results?f_AllAuthors=Oivind+Midttun%2C+PhD
Anti-haao (zebrafish) antibodies
3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, EC 1.13.11.6, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase, 3-HAO, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ... 3 synthetic peptides representing the N terminus sequence. Tested application. ELISA titer (antibody-antigen interaction): ... 3 synthetic peptides representing the C terminus sequence. Tested application. ELISA titer (antibody-antigen interaction): ... 3 synthetic peptides representing the non-terminus sequence. Tested application. ELISA titer (antibody-antigen interaction): ...
http://www.ab-mart.com/zebrafish/anti-haao%20
"sequence id","alias","species","description",...
","Fatty-acid-AMP ligase FadD32 (fatty-acid-AMP synthetase) (fatty-acid-AMP synthase). Also shown to have acyl-ACP ligase ... ","Probable fatty-acid-CoA ligase FadD3 (fatty-acid-CoA synthetase) (fatty-acid-CoA synthase) [Ensembl].","protein_coding" " ... ","Probable fatty acid synthase Fas (fatty acid synthetase) [Ensembl]. MaoC like domain, Beta-ketoacyl synthase, Acyl ... ","Putative amino acid permease [Ensembl]. Amino acid permease [Interproscan].","protein_coding" "CCL17787","No alias"," ...
https://bacteria.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/go/sequences/table/4917
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Alzheimers Disease. - Department of PharmacologyKynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Alzheimer's Disease. - Department of Pharmacology
Kynurenine, anthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, and markers of immune activation (neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, and ... Xanthurenic acid decreased with age (β: -0.42, p , 0.001). Elderly AD patients with high quinolinic acid performed worse on the ... Low xanthurenic acid occurred in both AD and with aging. Inflammation-related markers were associated with age, but not AD. ... and quinolinic acid were lower in AD (Odds ratios (ORs) 0.24 -0.47; p-values ,0.001 -0.01). Pyridoxal 5phosphate did not ...
https://www.pharm.ox.ac.uk/publications/725881
Code System Concept
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVSPesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
RESULTS: Serum tryptophan, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in both AS groups ... Serum tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid concentrations ... 3. Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Ankylosing ... Data across 3 groups were compared by Kruskal Wallis/Chi-square, and between 2 groups by Wilcoxon rank test/Chi-Square. P ≤ ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=mh:Espondilite+Anquilosante/imunologia
phzB2 protein (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) - STRING interaction networkphzB2 protein (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) - STRING interaction network
Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilate isomerase; Isomerase that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of trans-2,3- ... Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic phenazine, a nitrogen- ... Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic phenazine, a nitrogen- ... Trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilate isomerase; Isomerase that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of trans-2,3- ...
https://string-db.org/network/287.DR97_5947
Evaluation of the bioactive properties of avenanthramide analogs produced in recombinant yeastEvaluation of the bioactive properties of avenanthramide analogs produced in recombinant yeast
Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento ... p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide I, Yav I) and N-(E)-caffeoyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast ... p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide I, Yav I) and N-(E)-caffeoyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast ...
https://iris.unito.it/handle/2318/1596605
Similarities of Characterized Proteins
286 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 93% identical to query, 99% coverage. 3HAO_HUMAN / P46952 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4- ... 286 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 87% identical to query, 100% coverage. 3HAO_BOVIN / Q0VCA8 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4- ... 286 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD. Other Sequences with Hits. 3HAO_MOUSE / Q78JT3 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase; 3- ... Q0VCA8 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6) from Bos taurus. 286 amino acids: PaperBLAST, CDD 84% identical to ...
https://papers.genomics.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/curatedSim.cgi?set=carbon&path=tryptophan&ids=SwissProt::P46953&ids=BRENDA::Q0VCA8,SwissProt::Q0VCA8&ids=SwissProt::P46952,BRENDA::P46952,metacyc::HS08749-MONOMER&ids=SwissProt::Q78JT3
Molecules and CellsMolecules and Cells
An abundance of lactic acid in the cancer microenvironment inhibits lactic acid export in T cells, thus disrupting their ... An abundance of lactic acid in the cancer microenvironment inhibits lactic acid export in T cells, thus disrupting their ... LDHA-associated lactic acid production and acidification suppresses T and NK cell activation (Brand et al., 2016; Fischer et al ... LDHA-associated lactic acid production and acidification suppresses T and NK cell activation (Brand et al., 2016; Fischer et al ...
https://www.molcells.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.14348/molcells.2016.0310
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus: The Northern Cinnabar PolyporePycnoporus cinnabarinus: The Northern Cinnabar Polypore
The biological activity of concentrated P. cinnabarinus culture fluid was nearly identical with that of cinnabarinic acid, ... P. cinnabarinus produces the phenoxazinone derivative, cinnabarinic acid, a red pigment that accumulates in fruit bodies as ... Laccase-catalyzed formation of cinnabarinic acid is responsible for antibacterial activity of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. ... 2007 3(3):316-21.. Ohtsuka S, Ueno S, Yoshikumi C, Hirose F, Ohmura Y, Wada T, Fujii T, Takahashi E.. Polysaccharides having an ...
https://healing-mushrooms.net/archives/pycnoporus-cinnabarinus.html
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2013.txt
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2013 MeSH. August 27, 2012
D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ... D2.705.675 Phosphoric Acid Esters D2.705.673 D2.705.400 (Replaced for 2012 by Organophosphates) Phosphorous Acids D2.705.676 ... Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ...
https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2013.txt
Items where Subject is Others | Biotechnology - raiithItems where Subject is "Others | Biotechnology" - raiith
Das, Undurti N. (2022) Syntaxin interacts with arachidonic acid to prevent diabetes mellitus. Lipids in Health and Disease, 21 ... Vinothini, and Rathinavelan, Thenmalarchelvi (2019) Algorithms for (i) Prediction of Secondary Structure of Nucleic Acids from ... Kolimi, Narendar and Rathinavelan, Thenmalarchelvi (2018) New structural insights into unusual nucleic acid conformations in ... 2 amino acids mutations and the concomitant evolution of seven distinct clades in non‐human hosts. Zoonoses and Public Health. ...
https://raiith.iith.ac.in/view/subjects/sub12=2E6.type.html
Acid Production - Crossref - Summarized by Plex.page | Research | SummarizationAcid Production - Crossref - Summarized by Plex.page | Research | Summarization
Chlorosulfuric acid-assisted production of functional 2D materials. Abstract The ability to produce defect-free 2D sheets with ... Characterization of humic acids from original coal and its oxidization production. Abstract Five coal samples collected from ... A thin layer of flakes that are stable in a variety of polar solvents is created by a mixture of chlorosulfuric acid ... HA is naturally synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called Hyaluronic acid synthase. The manufacturing of HA ...
https://scholar.plex.page/Acid_Production-Crossref
June | 2016 | Beta Amyloid Signal
miRNAs that are induced during order Gambogic acid and regulate muscle differentiation (reviewed in 28,45,47 ). MiR-1 and miR- ... For example, miR-23 has been shown to inhibit Hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) expression and extracellular hyaluronic acid ... that is involved in the synthesis of quinolinic acid. These studies indicate that an IDO inhibitor, and possibly an inhibitor ... The detection limits (3 S/N) were calculated according to Long [20], whereas N was expressed as standard deviation of noise ...
https://betaamyloid-signal.com/2016/06
Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics - topic of research paper in...Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics - topic of research paper in...
... hydroxycinnamic acid ether, 4 = ferulic acid bridge, 5 = direct ether linkage, 6 = dehydrodiferulic acid diester bridge, 7 = ... The arabinose also has ester-linked ^-coumaric and ferulic acid, and the hemicel-lulose is linked to lignin via ferulic acid ... 232] Coleman, G.S. and Sandford, D.C. (1979) The uptake and utilization of bacteria, amino acids, and nucleic acid components ... Later it was found that phenylpropanoic acid (PPA) or phenylacetic acid (PAA) stabilized this complex [176]. Miron et al. [148 ...
https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1172684
BenzoicAnthranilic acidDioxygenaseTryptophanXanthurenicAmino acidsProteinEstersFolic acidPrecursorKynurenic acidQuinolinic acidMetaboliteSynthaseFermentationProteinsBiosynthesisMethionine1997CompoundsAnti-inflammatoryMRNACognitionSequenceSignificantlyRatioLevelsCodeHumanStudiesProductionCellFamilyProcess
Benzoic2
  • Hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives that contain mercury. (nih.gov)
  • Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure. (childrensmercy.org)
Anthranilic acid2
  • Tolfenamic acid, with the formula N-(2-methyl-3-chlorphenyl)-anthranilic acid, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. (drugbank.com)
  • 8 Two of these hydroxylated metabolites are N-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-chlorophenyl)-anthranilic acid and N-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-anthranilic acid. (drugbank.com)
Dioxygenase5
  • Inflammation in the body activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which breaks tryptophan into kynurenine, which is further broken down into neurotoxins. (medscape.com)
  • The rate-limiting step in this pathway is the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine by either tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). (hindawi.com)
  • The other pathway, which results in the generation of quinolinic acid (QUIN), has multiple steps, by which kynurenine is converted to intermediates through kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and, finally, by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase (3-HOA) to QUIN (Figure 1 ) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The primary pathway of tryptophan metabolism, however, is the kynurenine pathway (black), by which tryptophan is converted to kynurenine via tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). (hindawi.com)
  • From there, it can be converted into the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KNYA) via kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT1) or to quinolinic acid (QUIN) via a multistep process involving the enzymes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), and 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3-HOA). (hindawi.com)
Tryptophan8
  • Kynurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, is a naturally occurring NMDA-receptor and an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist in the human brain with preferential action at both of the glycine (Gly) binding sites of the N -methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The researchers hypothesized that depressed adolescents at high risk for suicide would exhibit elevations in levels of IDO, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) and decreased levels of tryptophan. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers measured plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-HAA, and IDO, as indexed by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KYN/TRP), in the three groups of adolescents. (medscape.com)
  • Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that is necessary for protein synthesis, but also serves as the precursor for serotonin. (hindawi.com)
  • However, in addition to these biological functions, tryptophan also serves as a precursor for the kynurenine pathway, which has neurotoxic (quinolinic acid) and neuroprotective (kynurenic acid) metabolites. (hindawi.com)
  • Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid. (hindawi.com)
  • Tryptophan and Methionine are the only two amino acids that have SINGLE codons in the human DNA code. (optimalklubs.com)
  • methionine and tryptophan by ONLY 1, and all other amino acids by 4 or 2 codons. (optimalklubs.com)
Xanthurenic1
  • Low xanthurenic acid occurred in both AD and with aging. (ox.ac.uk)
Amino acids4
  • The end products of this fermentation are fatty acids, which form a major metabolic fuel for the ruminant, and microbial cells that are a major source of protein and amino acids when absorbed in the lower digestive tract of the animal. (cyberleninka.org)
  • This makes both of them unique compared to the other known 500 amino acids. (optimalklubs.com)
  • Our DNA only codes from 20 amino acids. (optimalklubs.com)
  • Science knows that the common 20 amino acids are coded by several kinds of codons, except for methionine. (optimalklubs.com)
Protein3
  • Methionine is the amino acid a cell sends to the ribosome to begin to signal to start a protein translation process. (optimalklubs.com)
  • Tolfenamic acid presents high protein binding properties reaching 99.7% of the administered dose. (drugbank.com)
  • XIII" YMR047C 3 13 3 YMR047C "Nuclear pore complex protein that is member of GLFG repeat-containing family of nucleoporins and is,XIII" YMR049C 3 13 4 YMR049C "Ymr049cp,XIII" YMR051C 3 13 5 YMR051C "TyA Gag protein. (davidson.edu)
Esters1
  • The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. (bvsalud.org)
Folic acid3
  • Evidence exists for an association between use of vitamin supplements with folic acid in early pregnancy and reduced risk for offspring with conotruncal heart defects. (cdc.gov)
  • One promising clue to etiologies of conotruncal heart defects has been that women who use vitamins containing folic acid in early pregnancy are at approximately a 30% reduced risk to deliver offspring with these heart defects ( 3 - 7 ), but not in all studies ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Folic acid has been the focus for the preponderance of inquiries about periconceptional nutrition and risks of heart defects, and birth defects more generally. (cdc.gov)
Precursor1
  • Laccase secreted by the fungus oxidizes the precursor 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to cinnabarinic acid, a reaction that is necessary for the production of antibacterial compounds. (healing-mushrooms.net)
Kynurenic acid3
  • Kynurenic acid is reported to be found in elevated levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Kynurenic acid may be used as an analytical standard for the quantification of the analyte in serum samples, food and honeybee products using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • One pathway results in the conversion of kynurenine to kynurenic acid (KYNA) by kynurenine aminotransferase1 (KAT1). (hindawi.com)
Quinolinic acid1
  • Time-dependent changes in differential enzymes along the kynurenine metabolism pathway, particularly those involved in the production of quinolinic acid, were found within the amygdala, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex, with no changes seen in the hippocampus. (hindawi.com)
Metabolite1
  • The neuroprotective metabolite picolinic acid was also significantly decreased while the neurotoxic metabolite 3-hydroxykynurenine increased in progressors. (austin.org.au)
Synthase1
  • HA is naturally synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called Hyaluronic acid synthase. (plex.page)
Fermentation1
  • 39, respectively, for BE and LA, respectively, supporting the theory of cyanobacterium biomass being used for fermentation and subsequent extraction to extract ethanol and lactic acid as end products from A. platensis. (plex.page)
Proteins1
  • If more than one amino acid can decide a start point for proteins, the coding sequence would be interrupted in unwanted locations and this would affect its semiconductive diode abilities. (optimalklubs.com)
Biosynthesis1
  • Tolfenamic acid inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, and it also presents inhibitory actions on the prostaglandin receptors. (drugbank.com)
Methionine1
  • Since methionine is a sulfated amino acid that is essential it cannot be made by our cells. (optimalklubs.com)
19975
Compounds1
  • By engineering a S. cerevisiae strain with two plant genes (4cl-2 from tobacco and hct from globe artichoke) we previously set up a system for the production of two novel phenolic compounds, N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide I, Yav I) and N-(E)-caffeoyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide II, Yav II). (unito.it)
Anti-inflammatory2
  • 2 As commonly thought, the mechanism of action of tolfenamic acid is based on the major mechanism of NSAIDs which consists of the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 pathways to inhibit prostaglandin secretion and action and thus, to exert its anti-inflammatory and pain-blocking action. (drugbank.com)
  • This activity is a not ligand specific additional anti-inflammatory mechanism of tolfenamic acid. (drugbank.com)
MRNA1
  • In fact, one amino acid can be encoded by more than one mRNA codon-triplet. (optimalklubs.com)
Cognition1
  • Independent validation of our findings may confirm the utility of 3-HAA/AA ratio to predict change in cognition leading to dementia in clinical settings. (austin.org.au)
Sequence1
  • The optimized human hyaluronic acid synthase2 sequence was converted into Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in this research. (plex.page)
Significantly1
  • These studies verify that modifications in blood creatinine, urea and bilirubin can significantly alter the concentration of unbound tolfenamic acid. (drugbank.com)
Ratio1
  • This is a new, unexpected and interesting result, as most studies of the KP in neurodegenerative disease show reduced 3-HAA/AA ratio after diagnosis. (austin.org.au)
Levels1
  • 3-HAA levels were hence surprisingly bi-phasic, high in progressors but low in non-progressors or participants who had already transitioned to MCI or dementia. (austin.org.au)
Code2
  • It is the code for an amino acid to be translated when it is low or needed. (optimalklubs.com)
  • In fact, not all 64 codons of the genetic code specify a single amino acid during translation. (optimalklubs.com)
Human1
  • Nonetheless, some report currently indicates that tolfenamic acid inhibits leukotriene B4 chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes leading to an inhibition of even 25% of the chemotactic response. (drugbank.com)
Studies1
  • Studies have shown that tolfenamic acid presents a non-dose dependent partial inhibition of irritant-induced temperature rise as well as a dose-dependent inhibition of skin edema. (drugbank.com)
Production1
  • Abstract A multi-product refinery for ethanol and lactic acid production from the biomass of cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was investigated with the intention of maximizing recovery of bulk and specialty bioproducts while minimizing waste generation. (plex.page)
Cell1
  • Improvement in the ability of the rumen microbiota to degrade plant cell wall is generally highly desirable and usually leads to improved animal performance [3]. (cyberleninka.org)
Family1
  • Amino acid kinase family [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Process1
  • The maximum concentrations obtained by the MN process were 3. (plex.page)