2 methyl 4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Medical search

A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.

An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.

The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. (Webster's 3d ed)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a drug container or wrapper. It includes contents, indications, effects, dosages, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration, warnings, hazards, contraindications, side effects, precautions, and other relevant information.

Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a product or its container or wrapper. It includes purpose, effect, description, directions, hazards, warnings, and other relevant information.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.

The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.

The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.

Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Those individuals engaged in research.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines, and histamine. They are copper proteins, and, as their action depends on a carbonyl group, they are sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide.

A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.

Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.

The caring for individuals in institutions and their adaptation to routines characteristic of the institutional environment, and/or their loss of adaptation to life outside the institution.

Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.

Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.

Methods, procedures, and tests performed to diagnose disease, disordered function, or disability.

Shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity.

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The collection, writing, and editing of current interest material on topics related to biomedicine for presentation through the mass media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, or television, usually for a public audience such as health care consumers.

A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.

The evaluation by experts of the quality and pertinence of research or research proposals of other experts in the same field. Peer review is used by editors in deciding which submissions warrant publication, by granting agencies to determine which proposals should be funded, and by academic institutions in tenure decisions.

Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.

Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group Ia) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of boric acid either B(OH)3 or, preferably H3BO3.

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.

Modulation of the gating of CIC-1 by S-(-) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid. (1/56)

1. Using whole-cell patch-clamping and Sf-9 cells expressing the rat skeletal muscle chloride channel, rCIC-1, the cellular mechanism responsible for the myotonic side effects of clofibrate derivatives was examined. 2. RS-(+/-) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (RS-(+/-) CPP) and its S-(-) enantiomer produced pronounced effects on CIC-1 gating. Both compounds caused the channels to deactivate more rapidly at hyperpolarizing potentials, which showed as a decrease in the time constants of both the fast and slow deactivating components of the whole cell currents. Both compounds also produced a concentration-dependent shift in the voltage dependence of channel apparent open probability to more depolarizing potentials, with an EC50 of 0.79 and 0.21 mM for the racemate and S-(-) enantiomer respectively. R-(+) CPP at similar concentrations had no effect on gating. RS-(+/-) CPP did not block the passage of Cl- through the pore of rCIC-1. 3. CIC-1 is gated by Cl- binding to a site within an access channel and S-(-) CPP alters gating of the channel by decreasing the affinity of this binding site for Cl-. Comparison of the EC50 for RS-(+/-) CPP and S-(-) CPP indicates that R-(+) CPP can compete with the S-(-) enantiomer for the site but that it is without biological activity. 4. RS-(+/-) CPP produced the same effect on rCIC-1 gating when added to the interior of the cell and in the extracellular solution. 5. S-(-) CPP modulates the gating of CIC-1 to decrease the membrane Cl- conductance (GCl), which would account for the myotonic side effects of clofibrate and its derivatives. (+info)

Design and application of a biosensor for monitoring toxicity of compounds to eukaryotes. (2/56)

Here we describe an alternative approach to currently used cytotoxicity analyses through applying eukaryotic microbial biosensors. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was genetically modified to express firefly luciferase, generating a bioluminescent yeast strain. The presence of any toxic chemical that interfered with the cells' metabolism resulted in a quantitative decrease in bioluminescence. In this study, it was demonstrated that the luminescent yeast strain senses chemicals known to be toxic to eukaryotes in samples assessed as nontoxic by prokaryotic biosensors. As the cell wall and adaptive mechanisms of S. cerevisiae cells enhance stability and protect from extremes of pH, solvent exposure, and osmotic shock, these inherent properties were exploited to generate a biosensor that should detect a wide range of both organic and inorganic toxins under extreme conditions. (+info)

Pharmacological characterization of chloride channels belonging to the ClC family by the use of chiral clofibric acid derivatives. (3/56)

The enantiomers of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (CPP) and of its analogs with substitutions on the asymmetric carbon atom were tested on human ClC-1 channel, the skeletal muscle chloride channel, after heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, to gain insight in the mechanism of action of these stereoselective modulators of macroscopic chloride conductance (gCl) of rat striated fibers. By means of two microelectrode voltage clamp recordings, we found that S(-)-CPP shifted the activation curve of the ClC-1 currents toward more positive potentials and decreased the residual conductance at negative membrane potential; both effects probably account for the decrease of gCl at resting potential of native muscle fibers. Experiments on expressed Torpedo marmorata ClC-0 channels and a mutant lacking the slow gate suggest that S(-)-CPP could act on the fast gate of the single protochannels constituting the double-barreled structure of ClC-0 and ClC-1. The effect of S(-)-CPP on ClC-1 was markedly increased at low external pH (pH = 6), possibly for enhanced diffusion through the membrane (i.e., because the compound was effective only when applied to the cytoplasmic side during patch clamp recordings). The R(+)-isomer had little effect at concentrations as high as 1 mM. The CPP analogs with an ethyl, a phenyl, or an n-propyl group in place of the methyl group on the asymmetric center showed a scale of potency and a stereoselective behavior on ClC-1 similar to that observed for blocking gCl in native muscle fibers. The tested compounds were selective toward the ClC-1 channel. In fact, they were almost ineffective on an N-terminal deletion mutant of ClC-2 that is volume- and pH-independent while they blocked wild-type ClC-2 currents only at high concentrations and independently of pH and drug configuration, suggesting a different mechanism of action compared with ClC-1. No effects were observed on ClC-5 that shows less than 30% homology with ClC-1. Thus, CPP-like compounds may be useful both to gain insight into biophysical properties of ClC-1 and for searching tissue-specific therapeutic agents. (+info)

Simultaneous determination of 2,4-D and MCPA in canine plasma and urine by HPLC with fluorescence detection using 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). (4/56)

A method for the simultaneous determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in canine plasma and urine has been developed. This method used derivatization of extracted samples with 9-anthrylmethane (ADAM) for analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Precision and accuracy were within the accepted limits of 15% and 85-115%, respectively, for both analytes in plasma and urine. Calibration curves for 2,4-D and MCPA in plasma were linear (r2 > 0.99) between 0.50 and 5.0 mg/L and 5.0 and 100 mg/L. Calibration curves for 2,4-D and MCPA in urine were linear (r2 > 0.99) between 5.0 and 70.0 mg 2,4-D/L and 10.0 and 70.0 mg MCPA/L. The lower limit of detection was 62.5 ng/mL for both 2,4-D and MCPA. (+info)

Fast and slow gating of CLC-1: differential effects of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid and dominant negative mutations. (5/56)

Our knowledge about ClC-1 muscle chloride channel gating, previously gained from single-channel recording and noise analysis, provides a theoretical basis for further analysis of macroscopic currents. In the present study, we propose a simple method of calculation of open probabilities (P(o)) of fast and slow gates from the relative amplitudes of ClC-1 inward current components. With this method, we investigated the effects of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (CPP), a drug known to produce myotonia in animals, and dominant negative myotonic mutations, F307S and A313T, on fast and slow gating of ClC-1. We have shown that these mutations affected the P(o) of the slow gate, as expected from their mode of inheritance, and that CPP predominantly affected the fast gating process. CPP's action on the fast gating of mutant channels was similar to its effect in wild-type channels. Comparison of the effects of CPP and the mutations on fast and slow gating with the effects produced by reduction of external Cl(-) concentration suggested that CPP and mutations exert their action by affecting the transition of the channel from its closed to open state after Cl(-) binding to the gating site. (+info)

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators. (6/56)

Epidemiologic studies designed to assess the chronic effects of pesticides are limited by inadequate measurements of exposures. Although cohort studies have been initiated to evaluate the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other pesticides in professional turf applicators, they may have limited power to detect significant health risks and may be subject to bias from exposure measurement error. In this study, the doses of 2,4-D, mecoprop [2-(4-chloro-2 methylphenoxy) propionic acid, MCPP] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were evaluated in a group of 98 professional turf applicators from 20 companies across southwestern Ontario. During a 1-week period (Saturday to Thursday), the volume of pesticide (active ingredient) applied was only weakly related to the total dose of 2,4-D absorbed (R(2)=0.21). Two additional factors explained a large proportion of variation in dose: the type of spray nozzle used and the use of gloves while spraying. Individuals who used a fan-type nozzle had significantly higher doses than those who used a gun-type nozzle. Glove use was associated with significantly lower doses. Job satisfaction and current smoking influenced the dose but were not highly predictive. In the final multiple regression models predicting total absorbed dose of 2,4-D and mecoprop, approximately 63-68% of the variation was explained. The future application of these models for epidemiologic research will depend on the availability of information and records from employers, the feasibility of contacting study subjects and cost. (+info)

Molecular requisites for drug binding to muscle CLC-1 and renal CLC-K channel revealed by the use of phenoxy-alkyl derivatives of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid. (7/56)

CLC channels are a gene family of Cl(-) channels that serve a variety of functions, several of which are involved in genetic diseases. Few specific ligands of CLC channels are known that could be useful as pharmacological tools or potential drugs. We synthesized various derivatives of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid, the S(-)-enantiomer of which is a specific blocker of the muscle channel CLC-1. In particular, compounds with different alkyl or phenoxy-alkyl groups on the chiral center, isosteres of the oxygen in the aryloxy moiety, or bioisosteres of the carboxy function were prepared. We found that compounds containing a phenoxy and a phenoxy-alkyl group on the chiral center (bis-phenoxy derivatives) specifically inhibited renal CLC-K channels from the extracellular side with an affinity in the 150-microM range and with almost no effect on other CLC channels when applied from the outside. Surprisingly, the same substances inhibited CLC-1 from the intracellular side in a voltage-dependent manner with an apparent K(D) of <5 microM at -140 mV, thus being the most potent blockers of a CLC channel known so far. Although the chlorine atom in para- position of the second phenoxy group was essential for inhibition of CLC-K channels from the outside, it could be substituted by a methoxy group without changing the potency of block for CLC-1 from the inside. These newly identified substances provide powerful tools for studying the structure-function relationship and the physiological role of CLC channels and may represent a starting point for the development of useful drugs targeting CLC-K channels. (+info)

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size. (8/56)

We investigated the developmental toxicity in mice of a common commercial formulation of herbicide containing a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mecoprop, dicamba, and inactive ingredients. Pregnant mice were exposed to one of four different doses of the herbicide mixture diluted in their drinking water, either during preimplantation and organogenesis or only during organogenesis. Litter size, birth weight, and crown-rump length were determined at birth, and pups were allowed to lactate and grow without additional herbicide exposure so that they could be subjected to additional immune, endocrine, and behavioral studies, the results of which will be reported in a separate article. At weaning, dams were sacrificed, and the number of implantation sites was determined. The data, although apparently influenced by season, showed an inverted or U-shaped dose-response pattern for reduced litter size, with the low end of the dose range producing the greatest decrease in the number of live pups born. The decrease in litter size was associated with a decrease in the number of implantation sites, but only at very low and low environmentally relevant doses. Fetotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in weight and crown-rump length of the newborn pups or embryo resorption, was not significantly different in the herbicide-treated litters. (+info)

... yielding MCP and acetate acid. Another pathway could be the hydroxylation of the methyl group, yielding cloxyfonac (4-Chloro-2- ... Its carboxylic acid group allows the formation of conjugated complexes with metals (see above). The acid functionality makes ... The acid functionality makes MCPA a versatile synthetic intermediate for more complex derivatives -COOH + M+ → -COOM + H+ The ... They synthesized MCPA from the corresponding phenol by exposing it to chloroacetic acid and dilute base in a straightforward ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCPA

Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation gives o-cresotinic acid, a pharmaceutical intermediate. Carvacrol, essence of oregano, is derived ... Many other production methods have been examined, including oxidative decarboxylation of salicylic acid, oxygenation of toluene ... ortho-Cresol, also 2-methylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4(OH). It is a colourless solid that is widely ... Chlorination and etherification gives members of a commercially important herbicides, such as 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Cresol

Like other acid herbicides, current formulations use either an amine salt (often trimethylamine) or one of many esters of the ... Several sulfonylureas, including Flazasulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl, which act as ALS inhibitors and in some cases are taken ... These are easier to handle than the acid. The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine, were introduced in the ... In 2013 only two herbicide classes, called Photosystem II and long-chain fatty acid inhibitors, were effective against ryegrass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

Related compounds are dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Chloroacetic acid was first prepared (in impure form) by ... Like other chloroacetic acids and related halocarbons, chloroacetic acid is a hazardous alkylating agent. The LD50 for rats is ... Chloroacetic acid is prepared industrially via two routes. The predominant method involves chlorination of acetic acid, with ... Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA), is the organochlorine compound with the formula ClCH2CO2H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroacetic_acid

5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) would speed up the flowering of soybeans and that in higher concentrations it would defoliate the ... 6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid). During 1952-53, the unit supervised the aerial spraying of 2,4,5-T in Kenya to assess the ... 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) - in iso-octyl ester form, which contained traces of the dioxin 2,3,7,8- ... "4 Decades on, U.S. Starts Cleanup of Agent Orange in Vietnam". The New York Times. New York. August 9, 2012. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange

... polymethacrylic acids MeSH D02.241.081.069.800.550 - methyl methacrylates MeSH D02.241.081.069.800.550.450 - methyl ... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)

Some Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (6): 1768. doi:10.1021/ja01851a601. "1H-Indole-3-acetic acid" Registry of ... IAA decreased the locomotor activities of rat embryos/fetuses; treatment with IAA and analog 1(methyl)-IAA resulted in ... Sep 2015). "Regulation of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis by branched-chain amino acids in Enterobacter cloacae UW5". FEMS ... "Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid from Glutamic Acid and a Proposed Mechanism for the Conversion". Journal of the American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole-3-acetic_acid

... is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants. It was developed in the late 1940s and was ... IARC considers the chlorophenoxyacetic acids group of chemicals as possibly carcinogenic to humans.[7] In 1963 a production ... Intentional overdoses and unintentional high dose occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides have resulted in ... 5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic_acid

Like other acid herbicides, current formulations use either an amine salt (often trimethylamine) or one of many esters of the ... Several sulfonylureas, including Flazasulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl, which act as ALS inhibitors and in some cases are taken ... These are easier to handle than the acid. Further discoveriesEdit. The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine, ... Vinegar[63] is effective for 5-20% solutions of acetic acid, with higher concentrations most effective, but it mainly destroys ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

The acetic acid derivatives 2,4-D (pKa = 3.31 at 25 °C in water) and MCPA (pKa = 3.11 at 25 °C in water) have similar acid-base ... The acid form is responsible for uncontrolled cell division in vascular tissues that can cause the death of plants. Another ... 2017). It has been reported that in a weak acid or neutral medium, both 2,4-D and MCPA can form complexes with bivalent metals ... Furthermore, the ester forms are converted to the acid within the plant. Then accumulation in cells occurs due to passive ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13762-018-2138-4

Physicochemical Characterization and Controlled Release Formulation on Intercalated 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy Acetic Acid- ...

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/40921/23945

Physicochemical Characterization and Controlled Release Formulation on Intercalated 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy Acetic Acid- ... Graphene oxide-gallic acid nanodelivery system for cancer therapy, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11, 491. ... Soc., 62 (4), 371-379.. [5] Jeong, H.K., Lee, Y.P., Jin, M.H., Kim, E.S., Bae, J.J., and Lee, Y.H., 2009, Thermal stability of ... 2] Al-Zaben, M.I., and Mekhamer, W.K., 2017, Removal of 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy acetic acid pesticide using coffee wastes ...

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/40921

... propionic acid. MRL. minimal risk level. mg/day. milligram per day. ... Table B-4. Chemicals Detected in Fish Collected Off-site. Table B-5. Chemicals Detected in Off-site Game. Table B-6. Chemicals ... 4,6-Dinitro-o-Cresol. Dioxin (Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins). Heptachlor Epoxide. Alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Alpha-HCH). Iron ... Figure 2. Demographics Within a 5-Mile Radius of the ORR. Figure 3. State of Tennessee Screening Process for Past Exposure. ...

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/oakridge013107-TN/ceo_toc.html

Most methods for the analysis of haloacetic acids published in recent years are based on ion chromatography with direct ... simultaneous estimation of nine haloacetic acids and quantitation of bromate, chlorite and chlorate along with the major ... aimed at the simultaneous analysis of nine haloacetic acids along with bromate, chlorite ... ... Quantification of a bound 4-amino-MX(4-AMX) as cysteine adducts in trout hemoglobin (Hb) was made by gas chromatography-ion ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/keyword-chromatography-product-24846

Acid secretory values are of relatively little clinical value in diagnosis of ulcer disease (Samiy et al., 1987). The onset of ... Until 1979, Seveso area adults and children showed higher levels of d-glucaric acid than controls (Ideo et al, 1985). Among ... Elevations in urinary d-glucaric acid were not associated with TCDD exposure among residents of Quail Run mobile home park ( ... Urinary d-glucaric acid excretion in the Seveso area, polluted by tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Five years of experience ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/2141/chapter/12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCPA

View the product label for MCPA-4 Amine from Nufarm Americas Inc.. See active ingredients, product application, restrictions, ... 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, dimethylamine salt. 2039-46-5. 47-50. NOL. STD. ...

https://www.greenbook.net/nufarm-americas-inc/mcpa-4-amine-0

2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid; a weedkiller reported to be nontoxic at the levels likely to be encountered on pasture, ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/MCP

Bromoxynil Octanoic Acid Ester 2-ethylhexyl Ester of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid ALFALFA - UP TO 5% OM - ALL SOIL TYPES ... Active Ingredients: Bromoxynil Heptanoic Acid Ester , Bromoxynil Octanoic Acid Ester , MCPA 2-Ethylhexyl Ester ... Bromoxynil Heptanoic Acid Ester , Bromoxynil Octanoic Acid Ester ... Active Ingredients: Bromoxynil Octanoic Acid Ester HRAC/FRAC/ ... Active Ingredients: Bromoxynil Octanoic Acid Ester , MCPA Isooctyl(2-ethylhexyl) Ester HRAC/FRAC/IRAC Classification: Group C3 ...

https://www.greenbook.net/wilbur-ellis/vendetta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Cresol

Original article 1984;10(4):211-217 pdf Mortality of English furniture makers.. Acheson ED, Pippard EC, Winter PD Original ... Mortality of workers exposed to 2 methyl-4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid.. Coggon D, Pannett B, Winter PD, Acheson ED, Bonsall J ... Amendments and corrections 1987;13(2):192-192 pdf Re: Simonato L, Fletcher AC, Cherrie J, Andersen A, Bertazzi PA, Charnay N, ... Original article 1987;13(2):94-99 pdf Mortality of workers exposed to styrene in the manufacture of glass-reinforced plastics. ...

https://www.sjweh.fi/index.php?page=list-articles&author_id=92

Mortality of workers exposed to 2 methyl-4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid.. Coggon D, Pannett B, Winter PD, Acheson ED, Bonsall J ... Original article 2017;43(2):136-145 pdf full text Sleep disturbance and the older worker: findings from the Health and ... Original article 1987;13(2):94-99 pdf Mortality of workers exposed to styrene in the manufacture of glass-reinforced plastics. ...

http://www.sjweh.fi/index.php?page=list-articles&author_id=458

vii) for soil fumigations, except methyl bromide, (viii) for pest control around farm buildings associated with crop and ... ii) otherwise, for fumigation, except methyl bromide, and for associated pesticide use on areas immediately surrounding ... 2. Definitions 3. Licences 4. Operators licence 5. Operators licence - exemptions 6. Applicator licence categories 7. ... 2. In these regulations (a) "Act" means the Environmental Protection Act;. (b) "agricultural pesticide" means a type of ...

https://www.assembly.nl.ca/Legislation/sr/Regulations/rc120026.htm

These are easier to handle than the acid. Further discoveries[edit]. The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine ... Several sulfonylureas, including Flazasulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl, which act as ALS inhibitors and in some cases are taken ... Like other acid herbicides, current formulations use either an amine salt (often trimethylamine) or one of many esters of the ... Vinegar[57] is effective for 5-20% solutions of acetic acid, with higher concentrations most effective, but it mainly destroys ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

... MCPA-4 Amine. MCPA-4 Amine offers selective post-emergent control of many broadleaf weeds in barley, ...

http://www.nufarm.com/USAg/MCPA4Amine

... methyl) phosphorodithioate 11/01/75. 180.155 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 11/01/75. 180.157 methyl 3-((dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy)-2- ... 180.202 chlorophenoxyacetic acid, p- 12/31/74. 180.204 dimethoate (186.2100) 11/1/73. 180.205 paraquat 11/1/75. 180.206 phorate ... metsulfuron methyl (180.428) 09/89. metsulfuron methyl ester, see metsulfuron methyl (180.428) 09/89. mevinphos, see methyl 3 ... parathion methyl homolog (180.121) 11/01/75. parathion-methyl, see parathion methyl homolog (180.121) 11/01/75. pebulate, see S ...

https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm115113.htm

This was for example the case for qPCR-based detection of tfdA genes, associated with phenoxy acid degradation (Bælum et al., ... Bælum, J., Prestat, E., David, M. M., Strobel, B. W., and Jacobsen, C. S. (2012). Modeling of phenoxy acid herbicide ... This hypothesis is largely supported by the literature for phenoxy acid pesticides (Pivetz and Steenhuis, 1995; Mallawatantri ... This enhanced biodegradation is often underpinned by higher abundance of specific degraders [e.g., for phenoxy acid herbicides ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00667/full

Acid reflux (26 causes), Acid Reflux in pregnancy (11 causes), Acid reflux into mouth (14 causes), Acute acid reflux into mouth ... Acid reflux / heartburn ... belching, indigestion, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, vomiting*Acid-Base Imbalance ... nausea, ... Heartburn with acid reflux (12 causes), Heartburn with acid reflux in pregnancy (11 causes), Heartburn without reflux (50 ... Chemical poisoning -- Acetylsalicylic Acid ... abdominal pain Conditions listing medical complications: Digestive symptoms:. ...

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/digestive_symptoms.htm

Chapter 2. Pesticides, Subchapter 4. Restricted Materials, Article 1. Restricted Materials ... METHYL IODIDE - unregistered. 2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (MCPA), except:. (1) Liquid formulations packaged in ... Subchapter 4. Restricted Materials. Article 1. Restricted Materials 6400. Restricted Materials.. The director designates the ... 4) Dry formulations, packaged in containers of one pound or less, of a product that is labeled to be further diluted for use; ...

https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/legbills/calcode/020401.htm

... hydrochloric acids, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, vinegar into water. ... Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE). Coconut shell carbon; reduction through carbon block filtration. ... Monochloracetic Acid (MCAA or Chloroacetic Acid). No recommended treatment; formation during water disinfection may be ... Edetic Acid (EDTA). Ozone with activated carbon. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs). Nanofiltration; Reverse Osmosis; activated carbon ...

http://www.purewatergazette.net/blog/water-contaminant-treatment-table-a-quick-reference/

4. Cardiac Toxicity in Patients with Antidepressant Intoxication Park JT, Choi SM, Oh YM, Oh JS, Kyoung YY, Cho HJ, Choi KH ... It consists of bentazone, 2-methyl-4-chloro phenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and surfactants.... ...

https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?QY=%28%22Journal+of+the+Korean+Society+of+Clinical+Toxicology%22%5BJTI%5D%29+AND+%28%222010%22%5BDPY%5D%29+AND+%28%22Dec%22%5BDPM%5D%29+AND+%28%222%22%5BISSU%5D%29

Folic acid *Vitamin B12 *more treatments...» Review further information on Lethargy Treatments. Stories from Users for Lethargy ... Folic acid deficiency anemia *Aplastic anemia *Adrenal insufficiency *Acromegaly *Depression *Diabetes mellitus *Malabsorption ... Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder ... lethargy*Inborn urea cycle disorder ... lethargy*Iron poisoning ... Lethargy. J. * ... Acid-Base Imbalance ... lethargy*Acidemia, methylmalonic ... lethargy*Acidemia, propionic ... lethargy*Acquired hypothyroidism ...

https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/lethargy.htm

5-tri-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and its salts, esters, and amides, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its salts, esters, and ... alkaline salts of cyanic acid, alkaline salts of thiocyanic acid, dinitrophenols, pentachlorophenates, alkaline salts of ... 2. To be sure, the language "sodium borates" is present and borax isa sodium borate. But an expression which includes numerous ... Footnote 4 of the majority opinion can be amplified by noting that, excluding inert filler, 120 lbs. per acre of a 2:1 sodium ...

https://openjurist.org/342/f2d/102/application-of-george-w-luvisi-and-thomas-c-nohejl

The insecticide carbofuran, the fungicide pyrimethanil and the herbicides alachlor, S-metolachlor, diuron and methyl(4-chloro-2 ... A specific structural requirement for ergosterol in long-chain fatty acid synthesis mutants important for maintaining raft ... 2. Effects on enzyme secretion in Botrytis cinerea. Pest Sci 45:43-48CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... 2.Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande N°6OeirasPortugal ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-018-1929-1

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid *Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, butyl ester *Dikonirt (sodium salt of 2,4-D) *Dimethylamine, (2,4- ... MCPA and its methyl ester were mutagenic to yeast but not to bacteria [ref: 16]. Overall evaluation. Chlorophenoxy herbicides ... propionic acid] + nitrogen + phosphoric acid + soluble potash) *Greenfield Weeds As It Feeds For Lawns (isooctyl esters of 2,4- ... propionic acid]) *Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)- *Acide dichloro-2,4 phenoxyacetique *Acido(2,4-dicloro-fenossi)-acetico * ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/suppl7/chlorophenoxyherbicides.html

Intake of fatty acids and antioxidants and pancreatic cancer in a large population-based case-control study in the San ... Pancreatic cancer risk and nutrition-related methyl-group availability indicators in male smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91( ... 4.. Risch HA. Etiology of pancreatic cancer, with a hypothesis concerning the role of N-nitroso compounds and excess gastric ... 2.Department of Environmental Health SciencesYale University, School of Public HealthNew HavenUSA ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-2825-0_5

... and particularly with use of methyl bromide, a fumigant.85 ... We reviewed 32 papers on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)4-35; 27 met ... A study of female greenhouse workers in Crete found that exposure to pesticides for more than 4 hours daily for at least 10 ... We chose 1992 as the starting point for our search because a previous review had covered the period to 1991.2 ... Each study was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using a quality-assessment and data-extraction tool designed to assess the ...

https://www.cfp.ca/content/53/10/1704.short

... formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, thioacetic acid or maleic acid and, of course, ... methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone. Aqueous formaldehyde is particularly preferred. ... sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, maleic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, ... sebacic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid with polyols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4225481.html

nov., acid-tolerant, N2-fixing clostridia isolated from acidic forest soil and litter, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 50, 873-881 ( ... Drake, HL: The genus Lactovum in Holzapfel, W.H., Wood, B.J.B. (eds.): Lactic Acid Bacteria: Biodiversity and Taxonomy, John ... Palmer, K; Drake, HL; Horn, MA: Association of Novel and Highly Diverse Acid-Tolerant Denitrifiers with N2O Fluxes of an Acidic ... Whitehead, TR; Price, NP; Drake, HL; Cotta, MA: Catabolic Pathway for the Production of Skatole and Indole Acetic Acid by the ...

http://www.bayceer.uni-bayreuth.de/mik/de/pub/pub/pub_alle.php

However, the acid form is poorly soluble, and therefore, some herbicide formulations consist of more soluble forms such as their sodium salts (soluble in water), ammonium salts or esters (soluble in oils). (springer.com)
Another example of a widely used herbicide is 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA, Fig. 1 b). (springer.com)
Furthermore, this herbicide is easily translocated throughout the plants and influences the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein that affect the activity of enzymes, respiration and cell division. (springer.com)
MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a powerful, selective, widely used phenoxy herbicide. (wikipedia.org)
In this present work, herbicide named 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) was intercalated into the graphite oxide through ion-exchange method to produce a MCPA-GO nanocomposite as an herbicide delivery system. (ugm.ac.id)
The percentage of herbicide release in Na 3 PO 3 solution was higher than in Na 2 CO 3 and NaCl solution, proved that the release properties exhibits the potential application of graphite oxide as effective nanocarrier of herbicides. (ugm.ac.id)
[3] The first modern herbicide, 2,4-D , was first discovered and synthesized by W. G. Templeman at Imperial Chemical Industries . (wikipedia.org)
When 2,4-D was commercially released in 1946, it triggered a worldwide revolution in agricultural output and became the first successful selective herbicide. (wikipedia.org)
Cabral MG, Sá-Correia I, Viegas CA (2004) Adaptative responses in yeast to the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid at the level of intracellular pH homeostasis. (springer.com)
However, Public Law 102-4, which mandated the committee's work, did not specify any particular health outcomes suspected of being associated with herbicide exposure. (nap.edu)
2,4-D is a herbicide used in Tasmania to control broadleaf weeds in cereals, pastures and non-agricultural areas. (foe.org.au)
Genotoxicity of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D):Higher plants as monitoring systems, American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3(3): 452-459. (acronymfinder.com)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually called 2,4-D) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 8 H 6 Cl 2 O 3.It is a systemic herbicide which selectively kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them, but leaves most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland relatively unaffected. (collectif-gare.ch)
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is a chlorophenoxy herbicide. (carexcanada.ca)
Microbial degradation of phenoxy acid (PA) herbicides in agricultural soils is important to minimize herbicide leaching to groundwater reservoirs. (beds.ac.uk)
Based on the previously proposed paradigm that bacteria deal with environmental stress before they engage in biodegradation, we studied how the degradation of the PA herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) by the model PA degrader Cupriavidus pinatubonensis AEO106 was affected by Cu exposure. (beds.ac.uk)
Involved in degradation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Is also able to degrade 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3-chlorobenzoic acid. (mybiosource.com)
The presence of low-nucleic acid-content bacteria (LNA bacteria) was correlated with mineralization activity in cultures selected on low herbicide concentrations. (asm.org)
Pesticide, Herbicide, Insecticides manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Agrochemical Product Acetamiprid (20%Sp, 25%Sp, 20%SL, 20%Wp) for Pesticide Control, Mcpa / 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Mcpa / 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid 25%Ec, 40%Ec and so on. (made-in-china.com)
2. A herbicide composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein compound a is ethyl-N-benzoyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate. (freepatentsonline.com)
3. A herbicide composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein compound a is ethyl-N-benzoyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate and compound b is 3-isopropyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazinone-(4)-2,2-dioxide or the sodium, dimethylamine or diethanolamine salt thereof. (freepatentsonline.com)

The aim of this study was to use the functionalized polystyrene beads (QuadraPure™) as a reservoir for the storage and controlled release of two herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. (springer.com)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (Fig. 1 a) is one of the most extensively applied herbicides in commercially available products because of its cost-effectiveness and high selectivity (Boivin et al. (springer.com)
They synthesized MCPA from the corresponding phenol by exposing it to chloroacetic acid and dilute base in a straightforward substitution reaction: 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol + ClCH2CO2H + base → MCPA + base·HCl (hydrochloric acid) By the end of 1941 it was clear to the Templeman group that MCPA was one of the most active compounds tested but other auxin herbicides including 2,4-D were also effective. (wikipedia.org)
Chlorination and etherification gives members of a commercially important herbicides, such as 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). (wikipedia.org)
The low cost of 2,4-D has led to continued usage today, and it remains one of the most commonly used herbicides in the world. (wikipedia.org)
Like other acid herbicides, current formulations use either an amine salt (often trimethylamine ) or one of many esters of the parent compound. (wikipedia.org)
The insecticide carbofuran, the fungicide pyrimethanil and the herbicides alachlor, S -metolachlor, diuron and methyl(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate were studied. (springer.com)
The population-based case-control study of soft-tissue sarcoma and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Kansas showed that use of 2,4-D was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially among farmers who had been exposed for more than 20 days per year, among whom there was an approximately six-fold excess, and among those who had mixed or applied the herbicides themselves. (inchem.org)
No significant or consistent association was seen in a case-control study of these tumours from New Zealand, and in a Danish cohort of chemical workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides there was also no significantly increased risk of malignant lymphoma [ref: 1,4]. (inchem.org)
Of particular concern were a number of high detections of the herbicides MCPA, 2,4-D and simazine. (foe.org.au)
MCPA is often mixed with other herbicides (such as 2,4-D or MCPB) to increase its effectiveness. (carexcanada.ca)
MCPA is primarily used in agriculture and is often mixed with other chlorophenoxy herbicides (e.g. 2,4-D or MCPP) to increase its effectiveness. (carexcanada.ca)
4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is a PA that has been among the five top-selling herbicides during the last decades in Denmark ( 2 ). (asm.org)
To investigate the degradation of such pesticide concentrations, enrichment culturing has long been the method of choice for selecting and isolating catabolic microorganisms ( 4 , 5 ), and it has been used successfully to obtain bacteria capable of degrading xenobiotic compounds such as PA herbicides ( 6 , 7 ). (asm.org)
This invention relates to novel substituted pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives having a wide range ofactivity as herbicides. (patentgenius.com)
For example, 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinols have been found useful as herbicides and fungicides as disclosed in U.S. Pat. (patentgenius.com)

Furthermore, the ester forms are converted to the acid within the plant. (springer.com)
2,4-D, octyl ester. (thefreedictionary.com)
2,4-D, γ-chlorcrotyl ester ( krotilin ). (thefreedictionary.com)

The acid functionality makes MCPA a versatile synthetic intermediate for more complex derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
Clofibrate and fenofibrate acted as weak inhibitors, and the clofibric acid derivatives that lack the chloro group, methyl group on the α-carbon or carboxyl group greatly decreased the stimulatory effects. (aspetjournals.org)
It is known that benzoylaminocarboxylic acids, dinitrophenol derivatives, hydroxybenzonitriles, hydroxybenzaldoxime aryl ethers, benzothiadiazinone dioxides and phenoxycarboxylic acids have a herbicidal action. (freepatentsonline.com)
Compatible solutes are small organic osmolytes including but not limited to sugars, polyols, amino acids, and their derivatives. (biomedsearch.com)

4. (1) A person shall not undertake an operation designed to use a pesticide to control a pest without a valid operator s licence. (nl.ca)
A study of long-term pesticide applicators in the German Democratic Republic, heavily exposed to a number of chemicals, including 2,4-D and MCPA, demonstrated an increased risk of bronchial carcinoma [ref: 1]. (inchem.org)
The most frequently detected pesticide was MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), which was detected 72 times at a number of locations, followed by 2,4-D (35 times), prometryn (25 times), simazine (17), metalaxyl (12), cyanazine (9), metsulfuron methyl (9), triclopyr (9) and a number of others. (foe.org.au)
It seems odd timing that the new Tasmanian government decided to stop the pesticide monitoring program during the same year that the highest amounts of 2,4-D and MCPA were recorded by the program. (foe.org.au)
4-Chlorophenoxy-acetic Acid (4-CPA) Pesticide Reregistration All pesticides sold or distributed in the United States must be registered by EPA, based on scientific studies showing that they can be used without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment. (collectif-gare.ch)
Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Insecticide, Pesticide manufacturer / supplier in China, offering 10%Wp 10%Sc 5%Ec 2.5%Ec Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Agrochemical Product Acetamiprid (20%SL, 20%Ec), Mcpa / 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid and so on. (made-in-china.com)

Its carboxylic acid group allows the formation of conjugated complexes with metals (see above). (wikipedia.org)
In organic chemistry , Acyclic Acids (Ethanoic Acids) , as organic compounds are 2 carbon straight-chain saturated carboxylic acids , that have an open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures. (wellnessadvocate.com)

The NADP + -dependent dehydrogenase activity of a predominant isoenzyme of human liver 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was activated by antihyperlipidemic drugs, such as bezafibrate and clinofibrate, and by clofibric acid and fenofibric acid (active metabolites of clofibrate and fenofibrate, respectively). (aspetjournals.org)
The optimal pH of the activation by the drugs was about 7.5, and the concentrations giving maximum stimulation (1.8- to 2.4-fold) were 100, 50, 400 and 50 μM for bezafibrate, clinofibrate, clofibric acid and fenofibric acid, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
Kinetic analysis with respect to NADP + showed that bezafibrate, clinofibrate, clofibric acid and fenofibric acid were nonessential activators showing dissociation constants of 32, 6, 103 and 11 μM, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)

The laboratory can apply acetic acid, sodium acetate or acetic anhydride to have reaction with a variety of chlorination agents. (collectif-gare.ch)

40 ] Its formulations can occur as the free acid or as salts and esters, but all release the acid as the active ingredient. (carexcanada.ca)
Kalinowska M., Bajko E., Matejczyk M., Kaczyński P., Łozowicka B. , Lewandowski W.: The Study of Anti-/Pro-Oxidant, Lipophilic, Microbial and Spectroscopic Properties of New Alkali Metal Salts of 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid. (bialystok.pl)

William Templeman found that when indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the naturally occurring auxin, was used at high concentrations, it could stop plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
A plant growth enhancing composition comprising as an active ingredient a synergistic mixture of (a) gibberellins, (b) the heteroauxin indole-3-acetic acid and the cytokinin 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-betenylamino) purine in definite proportions. (patents.com)
a) 35-45 percent by weight of gibberellins, (b) 35-45 percent by weight of indole-3-acetic acid, and (c) 15-25 percent by weight of 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-betenylamino) purine. (patents.com)
2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein said composition comprises about 40 percent by weight of gibberellins, about 40 percent by weight of indole-3-acetic acid and about 20 percent by weight of 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-betenylamino) purine. (patents.com)

In order to control the acute toxicity of pesticides, new forms of MCPA and 2,4-D, known as herbicidal ionic liquids, have been recently synthesized. (springer.com)
A recently reported cohort of 5784 male employees in a UK company that manufactured, formulated and sprayed MCPA and other pesticides but only small amounts of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) had no general excess mortality from cancer. (inchem.org)
With scenario calculations including only 30-40 frequently measured pesticides, the number of detected substances and the mixture toxicity would be underestimated on average by a factor of 2. (eawag.ch)
Both sides are claiming victory in a settlement regarding Quebec's ban on the cosmetic use of pesticides containing the chemical 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). (acronymfinder.com)
Such concentrations may still exceed the European drinking water limits of 0.1 μg liter −1 for individual pesticides and be a threat to drinking water resources ( 2 ). (asm.org)
The current study was aimed to investigate Chlorpyrifos as well as 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) biodegradation tendency of bacterial strain Bacillus thuringiensis MB497 isolated from wheat/cotton fields of Dera Saleemabad, Mianwali, Pakistan, having a history of heavy Organophosphate pesticides application. (bvsalud.org)

Increase in the penetration of tracer compounds into the rat brain during 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) intoxication. (storysteel.gq)

Three novel metabolites of TCP (p-Propyl phenol, 2-Ethoxy-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyloxazoline and 3-(2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenoxy)-1-propyne) were identified after 72 h. (bvsalud.org)

Quantification of a bound 4-amino-MX(4-AMX) as cysteine adducts in trout hemoglobin (Hb) was made by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The Hb samples were collected from trout after 24 h exposure to MX at 10µg/g, and or menhaden oil (control). (environmental-expert.com)
In protein science , an Imino Acid (Secondary Amino Acid) is a molecule, related to amino acids (differing in the bonding to the nitrogen), that contains both an imino (>C=NH) and a carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional group, which occurs as either an acyclic acid or a cyclic imino acid . (wellnessadvocate.com)

Both 2,4-D and MCPA belong to the class of compounds known as phenoxyalkanoic acids. (springer.com)
Templeman and the ICI group were searching for compounds with similar or greater selective activity than IAA or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid in inhibiting the growth of weeds while not adversely affecting the growth of cereal crops. (wikipedia.org)

For 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, these conditions were fulfilled by polystyrene beads with the attached imino diacetate or thiourea functional groups. (springer.com)

It consists of bentazone, 2-methyl-4-chloro phenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and surfactants. (koreamed.org)

After N-oxidation of aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl or 2-naphthylamine by CYP1A2 in the liver, O-acetylation of the resulting hydroxylamine by NAT2 can produce unstable acetoxy esters that decompose to form highly electrophilic aryl nitrenium ion species. (thefreedictionary.com)

Compatible solute influence on nucleic acids: many questions but few answers. (biomedsearch.com)
Type I interferon production by nucleic acid-stimulated dendritic cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Dendritic cells (DC) detect nucleic acid adjuvants through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) or cytosolic sensors. (biomedsearch.com)
Nucleic acid adjuvants activate DC to produce a variety of soluble factors including proinflammatory cytokines or type I interferons (IFNs). (biomedsearch.com)
BACKGROUND: Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is an attractive method to amplify the signal of targeted nucleic acids. (biomedsearch.com)
Liposome-nucleic acid immunotherapeutics. (biomedsearch.com)
Cationic liposome-nucleic acid complexes, which were originally developed for use as non-viral gene delivery vectors, may now have an equally important application as immunotherapeutic drugs. (biomedsearch.com)
New substituted aryldiazomethyl labels for high density DNA chip-based nucleic acid testing. (biomedsearch.com)
DNA and RNA labeling and detection are key steps in nucleic acid testing, particularly for molecular diagnostics applications. (biomedsearch.com)
Yellow lupine cyclophilin interacts with nucleic acids. (biomedsearch.com)

as a eukaryotic model organism, we report here a strong toxic synergy between glyphosate and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a phenolic compound derived from diesel engine's combustion and industrial pollutant found frequently in surface water and rainfall. (sciencematters.io)
Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol and glyphosate on yeast S. cerevisiae growth rate. (sciencematters.io)
of growth for various combinations of the studied of 2,4-dinitrophenol and glyphosate concentrations. (sciencematters.io)

[2] Mechanical control (including tillage) was also (and still is) used to control weeds. (wikipedia.org)

Even though it has been reported to be readily biodegradable in top soil ( 3 ), its broad application and weak retention in soil result in frequent occurrence of MCPA in surface waters and groundwaters ( 2 ). (asm.org)

Application 3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)benzal dehyde was used in the synthesis of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors bearing spirocyclic diamine cores. (collectif-gare.ch)
Lipofuscin are the product of oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. (nootropicsexpert.com)

Of the 26 nontarget peaks, 7 were tentatively identified via suspect screening for sulfur-containing surfactants and one peak was identified and confirmed as 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonate, an oxidation product of a vulcanization accelerator. (eawag.ch)

Systemic fungal infections are a problem of increasing clinical significance since the extensive use of antifungal drugs, both as treatment and prophylaxis, has led to a huge increase in the number of intrinsically resistant infections with fungal pathogens ( 1 , 2 ). (mcponline.org)

4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-methyl- (CAS 2436-66-0) Market Research Report 2018 aims at providing comprehensive data on 4(3h)-quinazolinone, 3-methyl- market globally and regionally (Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America etc. (marketpublishers.com)
4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-methyl- (CAS 2436-66-0) Market Research Report 2018 contents were prepared and placed on the website in January, 2018. (marketpublishers.com)
Please note that 4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 3-methyl- (CAS 2436-66-0) Market Research Report 2018 is a half ready publication and contents are subject to change. (marketpublishers.com)

The chemicals include benzene and 2-naphthylamine , known human carcinogens, cadmium and n-nitrosodiethanolamine, which is associated with cancer in humans, and polonium-210, an element that emits alpha radiation. (thefreedictionary.com)

But the downside of using such chemicals is that they can poison people and pets as well as backyard wildlife: "Common insecticide ingredients such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), atrazine and dicamba have been shown to harm mouse embryos at times equivalent to the first week after conception in humans," says Erica Glasener of The Green Guide. (acronymfinder.com)
Skin from chronically drunk rodents transmitted two to five times as much paraquat, atrazine, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as did the skin of sober animals. (acronymfinder.com)

1 Material Safety Data Sheet Taurine Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: Taurine Synonyms: 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid. (sportdocbox.com)

In carbohydrate science , Sugar Acids , as an acyclic acid , are acidic sugars. (wellnessadvocate.com)

Many other production methods have been examined, including oxidative decarboxylation of salicylic acid, oxygenation of toluene, and hydrolysis of 2-chlorotoluene. (wikipedia.org)

ortho-Cresol, also 2-methylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4(OH). (wikipedia.org)
While the full work of the unit remained secret, certain discoveries were developed for commercial use after the war, including the 2,4-D compound. (wikipedia.org)
In the present work transcriptional profiles representing genome-wide responses in a standardized yeast population upon 2 h of exposure to concentrations of each compound exerting equivalent toxic effects, i.e., inhibition of growth by 20% relative to the untreated control cells, were examined. (springer.com)
12. A process for preparing a dispersion of an aminoplast which comprises reacting a carbonyl compound with ammonia or a compound having --NH 2 or --NH-- groups and adapted to react with a carbonyl compound to form an aminoplast in an organic polyhydroxyl compound which is adapted to react with an organic polyisocyanate to form a polyurethane. (freepatentsonline.com)
1 ] The parent compound, MCPA-acid, is a colourless and crystalline solid. (carexcanada.ca)
A novel compound Di-isopropyl methanephosphonate along with known products of 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), Diethyl thiophospsphate and Phosphorothioic acid were detected as metabolites of CPF by GCMS analysis. (bvsalud.org)

Exposure of C. pinatubonensis in batch culture to sublethal concentrations of Cu increased accumulation of ROS measured by the oxidant sensing probe 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry, and resulted in upregulation of a gene encoding a protein belong to the Ohr/OsmC protein family. (beds.ac.uk)

Suchcompounds are characterized by substitution in the 4-position by a hydroxy radical. (patentgenius.com)

Effects of acute exposures to mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their biodegradation product (2-MCP) on the larval stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. (semanticscholar.org)

2019-2021: Explorando el rol de los hongos en la dispersión de rizobacterias en praderas establecidos en la Patagonia Chilena (MEC80180048), partner: Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. (ufz.de)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science12

Named Groups1

Health Care5

Geographicals4

Modulation of the gating of CIC-1 by S-(-) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid. (1/56)

Design and application of a biosensor for monitoring toxicity of compounds to eukaryotes. (2/56)

Pharmacological characterization of chloride channels belonging to the ClC family by the use of chiral clofibric acid derivatives. (3/56)

Simultaneous determination of 2,4-D and MCPA in canine plasma and urine by HPLC with fluorescence detection using 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). (4/56)

Fast and slow gating of CLC-1: differential effects of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid and dominant negative mutations. (5/56)

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators. (6/56)

Molecular requisites for drug binding to muscle CLC-1 and renal CLC-K channel revealed by the use of phenoxy-alkyl derivatives of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid. (7/56)

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size. (8/56)

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Herbicides

Xanthine

Pentosyltransferases

Periodicals as Topic

Leishmania donovani

Bibliometrics

Newspapers

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Drug Labeling

Product Labeling

Amines

North America

United States Food and Drug Administration

South America

Americas

Authorship

Waiting Lists

Software

Cooperative Behavior

Internet

Research Personnel

History, 20th Century

Luxembourg

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)

Biogenic Amines

Flatulence

Institutionalization

Heartburn

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures

Abbreviations as Topic

Digestive System

Editorial Policies

Publishing

Journalism, Medical

Journal Impact Factor

Peer Review, Research

Potassium Permanganate

Water Softening

Water Pollutants

Water

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Iron

Chlorine

Borates

Metals, Alkali

Urea

Boric Acids

Autoanalysis

Boron

Modulation of the gating of CIC-1 by S-(-) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid. (1/56)

Design and application of a biosensor for monitoring toxicity of compounds to eukaryotes. (2/56)

Pharmacological characterization of chloride channels belonging to the ClC family by the use of chiral clofibric acid derivatives. (3/56)

Simultaneous determination of 2,4-D and MCPA in canine plasma and urine by HPLC with fluorescence detection using 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). (4/56)

Fast and slow gating of CLC-1: differential effects of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid and dominant negative mutations. (5/56)

Development of models to predict dose of pesticides in professional turf applicators. (6/56)

Molecular requisites for drug binding to muscle CLC-1 and renal CLC-K channel revealed by the use of phenoxy-alkyl derivatives of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid. (7/56)

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size. (8/56)

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Phenoxyacetic Acids | Notes

Acetaldehyde,[2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenoxy]- - Alfa Chemistry

Identification and Characterization of a Plasmid in Strain Aeronomas hydrophila IBRB-36 4CPA Carrying Genes for Catabolism of...

Limited data supports use of urinary alkalinisation for the treatment of acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning. | Cochrane

PGR Cloprop Sodium 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)propanoate 53404-22-1 98% - Tocopharm (China Manufacturer) - Plant Growth Regulator -...

Method development for the determination of MCPA (4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid) residues in black tea

THERMAL PRINTING LAYER AND OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM - Patent application

BUTYL 9-HYDROXY-9H-FLUORENE-9-CARBOXYLATE MIXT. WITH ISOOCTYL (4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENOXY)ACETATE,Butyl 9-methoxy-9-phenyl-3...

Methyl[2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethyl]amine | C10H15NO - PubChem

6-{[2-(2-Isopropyl-4-methylphenoxy)ethyl]thio}-9H-purine | C17H20N4OS - PubChem

3,5-Diiodo-2-[[[[(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino]thioxomethyl]amino]-benzoic acid - Alfa Chemistry

ChemIDplus - 34812-33-4 - OOTGVNOBTIPORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Acetic acid, 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-, 2-(hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-4-yl)ethyl...

Chemical Database: Acetic acid, (p-chlorophenoxy)-, 2-isopropylhydrazide (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)

4-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid, tridecyl ester

2-(4-methylphenoxy)-N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-[(thi... - Registration Dossier - ECHA

Silane, trimethyl(4-methylphenoxy)

3-[(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino]propanoic acid 59642-21-6 Chemical Properties Physical Properties

3R)-3-amino-3-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)propanoic acid 712321-46-5 Chemical Properties Physical Properties

2-AMino-3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | 587-62-2

ACETIC ACID (4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-,2-(HEXAHYDRO-4-METHYL-1H-1,4-DIAZEPIN-1-YL)ETHYL ESTER,(Z)-2-BUTENEDIOATE (1:1) (CAS No. 87575...