Collagen Type II: A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).Collagen Type I: The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.Chondrocytes: Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.Cartilage: A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.Collagen Type III: A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics.Cartilage, Articular: A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.Collagen Type IV: A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer.Chondrogenesis: The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.Collagen Type IX: A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. It is a heterotrimer containing alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX) and alpha3(IX) subunits.Collagen Type XI: A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits.Aggrecans: Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.Arthritis, Experimental: ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.Collagen Type V: A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of alpha1(V), alpha2(V) and alpha3(V) subunits. Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer.Collagen Type X: A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.Fibrillar Collagens: A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE.Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.Glycosaminoglycans: Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Collagen Type VI: A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The alpha subunits of collagen type VI assemble into antiparallel, overlapping dimers which then align to form tetramers.Tissue Engineering: Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.Mice, Inbred DBAJoints: Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.SOX9 Transcription Factor: A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.Intervertebral Disc: Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.ArthritisReceptors, Collagen: Collagen receptors are cell surface receptors that modulate signal transduction between cells and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. Collagen receptors include discoidin domain receptors, INTEGRINS, and glycoprotein VI.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.Tissue Scaffolds: Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.Matrix Metalloproteinase 13: A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that plays a physiological role in the degradation of extracellular matrix found in skeletal tissues. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminal propeptide.Cartilage Diseases: Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Procollagen: A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Growth Plate: The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.Collagen Type XVIII: A non-fibrillar collagen found in BASEMENT MEMBRANE. The C-terminal end of the alpha1 chain of collagen type XVIII contains the ENDOSTATIN peptide, which can be released by proteolytic cleavage.Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Collagen Type XII: A fibril-associated collagen found in many tissues bearing high tensile stress, such as TENDONS and LIGAMENTS. It is comprised of a trimer of three identical alpha1(XII) chains.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.Fibronectins: Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.Synovial Fluid: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints.Matrix Metalloproteinases: A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.Basement Membrane: A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Laminin: Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Collagen Diseases: Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.Anthraquinones: Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contain two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Peptide Fragments: Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.Cell Culture Techniques: Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.Hyaluronic Acid: A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.Decorin: A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN.Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Interleukin-1beta: An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Osteoarthritis, Knee: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Collagen Type VIII: A non-fibrillar collagen originally found in DESCEMET MEMBRANE. It is expressed in endothelial cell layers and in tissues undergoing active remodeling. It is heterotrimer comprised of alpha1(VIII) and alpha2(VIII) chains.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Microbial Collagenase: A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.Collagenases: Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.Collagen Type VII: A non-fibrillar collagen involved in anchoring the epidermal BASEMENT MEMBRANE to underlying tissue. It is a homotrimer comprised of C-terminal and N-terminal globular domains connected by a central triple-helical region.Pepsin A: Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Cell Adhesion: Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.Gels: Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.Transforming Growth Factor beta1: A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Integrins: A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins: Basic glycoprotein members of the SERPIN SUPERFAMILY that function as COLLAGEN-specific MOLECULAR CHAPERONES in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.Integrin alpha1beta1: Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.Osteogenesis Imperfecta: COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.Integrin alpha2: An integrin alpha subunit that primarily combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the INTEGRIN ALPHA2BETA1 heterodimer. It contains a domain which has homology to collagen-binding domains found in von Willebrand factor.ElastinFluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Matrix Metalloproteinase 1: A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III.Fibril-Associated Collagens: A family of non-fibrillar collagens that interact with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS. They contain short triple helical domains interrupted by short non-helical domains and do not form into collagen fibrils.Platelet Adhesiveness: The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.Descemet Membrane: A layer of the cornea. It is the basal lamina of the CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM (from which it is secreted) separating it from the CORNEAL STROMA. It is a homogeneous structure composed of fine collagenous filaments, and slowly increases in thickness with age.Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Cornea: The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Non-Fibrillar Collagens: A family of structurally-related short-chain collagens that do not form large fibril bundles.Bone and Bones: A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase: A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of peptidyllysine, usually in protocollagen, to peptidylhydroxylysine. The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen with concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of the cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate to succinate. EC 1.14.11.4.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Biglycan: A small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in a variety of tissues including CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CARTILAGE; BONE; and TENDONS. The protein contains two glycosaminoglycan chains and is similar in structure to DECORIN.Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.Matrix Metalloproteinase 2: A secreted endopeptidase homologous with INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE, but which possesses an additional fibronectin-like domain.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta: Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.Antigens, CD29: Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Corneal Stroma: The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Collagen Type XIII: A non-fibrillar collagen found as a ubiquitously expressed membrane- associated protein. Type XIII collagen contains both collagenous and non-collagenous domains along with a transmembrane domain within its N-terminal region.Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1: A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a N-glycosylated protein, molecular weight 28 kD, produced by a vast range of cell types and found in a variety of tissues and body fluids. It has been shown to suppress metastasis and inhibit tumor invasion in vitro.Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.Quinazolinones: Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Gelatin: A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Stress, Mechanical: A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.Dermis: A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the EPIDERMIS. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are SWEAT GLANDS; HAIR FOLLICLES; and SEBACEOUS GLANDS.Mice, Inbred C57BLLung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase: A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a prolyl-glycyl containing peptide, usually in PROTOCOLLAGEN, to a hydroxyprolylglycyl-containing-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular OXYGEN with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to SUCCINATE. The enzyme occurs as a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. The beta subunit of procollagen-proline dioxygenase is identical to the enzyme PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASES.Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II: A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Osteonectin: Non-collagenous, calcium-binding glycoprotein of developing bone. It links collagen to mineral in the bone matrix. In the synonym SPARC glycoprotein, the acronym stands for Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.Elastic Tissue: Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS.Sclera: The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Metalloendopeptidases: ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.Calcification, Physiologic: Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.Integrin alpha2beta1: An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase: An enzyme oxidizing peptidyl-lysyl-peptide in the presence of water & molecular oxygen to yield peptidyl-allysyl-peptide plus ammonia & hydrogen peroxide. EC 1.4.3.13.Biocompatible Materials: Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.Actins: Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.Hepatic Stellate Cells: Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Blood Platelets: Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.Keloid: A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.Alkaline Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Integrin alpha1: An integrin alpha subunit that binds COLLAGEN and LAMININ though its I domain. It combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the heterodimer INTEGRIN ALPHA1BETA1.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Gelatinases: A class of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of gelatin by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-.Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Tenascin: Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)Microscopy, Electron, Transmission: Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.Fetus: The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases: A family of secreted protease inhibitory proteins that regulates the activity of SECRETED MATRIX METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES. They play an important role in modulating the proteolysis of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, most notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes.Pulmonary Fibrosis: A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Glomerular Mesangium: The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Matrix Metalloproteinase 9: An endopeptidase that is structurally similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2. It degrades GELATIN types I and V; COLLAGEN TYPE IV; and COLLAGEN TYPE V.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.von Willebrand Factor: A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.Microscopy, Confocal: A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins: Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.
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Collagen type XI alpha 2 chain antibody | acris-antibodies.com
The mRNAs for the three chains of human collagen type XI are widely distributed but not necessarily co-expressed: implications...
COL1A2 - Alpha-2 type I collagen - Homo sapiens (Human) - COL1A2 gene & protein
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Collagen type IV, alpha 2FibrillarImmunohistochemistryExtracellular matrix pMutationsEncodesPeptidesProteinsCapsulesGeneNeoCell Super CollagenJointsConnective tissueVarious types of collaTendonsSupplementsAbundantChain of type I collagAdministered undenatured type II collaAbnormal collagen weakens connective tissuesHyaluronicRheumatoidBonesSternumStructural protein in cartilage tissueMarine collagenPolypeptideProtein consists of eighteen amino acidsChondrocytesGlucosamineCOL11A2ExtracellularAminoPowderDegenerative joint diseasesSternalTriple helixCartilage tissueJoint and Cartilage SupportBasement membrane collagenElastinHigh-grade collagenMulti collagen pillsBioCell CollagenHelixTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinaseYoutheoryComplexSlows
Fibrillar1
- This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen. (acris-antibodies.com)
Immunohistochemistry1
- Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue, using Collagen XI alpha2 Antibody. (acris-antibodies.com)
Extracellular matrix p1
- This collagen is one of the multiplexins, extracellular matrix proteins that contain multiple triple-helix domains (collagenous domains) interrupted by non-collagenous domains. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations1
- Mutations in this gene are associated with type III Stickler syndrome, otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED syndrome), Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome, autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural type 13 deafness (DFNA13), and autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural type 53 deafness (DFNB53). (acris-antibodies.com)
Encodes1
- This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVIII collagen. (wikipedia.org)
Peptides9
- BioCell Collagen® Type 2 is a patented, clinically-studied complex that provides naturally-occurring collagen type 2 peptides, chondroitin sulfate and bioavailable, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. (nutritionexpress.com)
- While other collagen supplements contain proteins that have been broken into fragments, or peptides, COLLAGEN NATIVE TYPE 2 maintains the protein's natural form. (sb-edge.com)
- The chemotactice response of human dermal fibroblasts of type I, II, and III human collagens and collagen-derived peptides was quantitated by an in vitro assay. (pnas.org)
- When type I, II, and III collagens were digested by bacterial collagenase, the resulting peptides were also chemotactic. (pnas.org)
- Since collagen is degraded and remodeled at sites of tissue injury and inflammation, these findings suggest that collagen and collagen-degradation peptides might function as chemotactic stimuli for fibroblasts in vivo and attract these cells to effect repair of damaged tissue. (pnas.org)
- Hydrolysed collagen is manufactured via a specific hydrolysis process, where enzymes "cut" the triple helix molecule into smaller pieces, i.e. short-chain peptides. (nutraingredients.com)
- This is why hydrolysed collagen is also known as collagen peptides, or denatured type II collagen. (nutraingredients.com)
- Packed with vital amino acids, ForestLeaf advanced collagen peptides boosts the natural ability for your body to repair these connective tissues by promoting rapid cell growth, keeping you stronger and fit for much longer. (10ztalk.com)
- Promotes Healthier Hair, and Stronger Nails EASY TO USE Our advanced collagen peptides powder is extremely easy to consume. (10ztalk.com)
Proteins19
- Additionally we are shipping Collagen, Type I, alpha 2 Antibodies (119) and Collagen, Type I, alpha 2 Proteins (10) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
- If taken together, the two proteins will bind and form a complete protein and the body will not recognize it as collagen. (healthy.co.nz)
- Collagen Types I, II, and III make up the greatest percentage of collagen proteins in our bodies. (appliedhealth.com)
- Collagen types contain different proteins which serve separate purposes within the body. (energeticnutrition.com)
- There are 19 amino acids (proteins) found in Collagen Types 1 & 3 - each essential to functions and maintenance within skin, muscles, and bones. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Proteins in these types include glycine , proline , alanine, and hydroxyproline . (energeticnutrition.com)
- Notochord structure forms through the cross-linking of collagen, elastin, and other extracellular proteins [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Collagen is one of the proteins required for notochord formation. (ijbs.com)
- The proteins of the collagen family are diverse in function, but all share a common structural feature, consisting of at least one triple-helical domain corresponding to a number of (Gly-X-Y)n repeats (X is frequently proline, and Y is often hydroxyproline) [ 10 ]. (ijbs.com)
- One of the body's most important (and abundant) proteins, collagen comprises most of the connective tissues and is primarily found in the hair, skin, tendons, ligaments, bones, and nails. (pipingrock.com)
- Citrullinated synovial proteins, which are generated via the actions of the protein arginine deiminases (PADs), are known to develop in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of inflammatory arthritis. (jimmunol.org)
- Collagens are a family of proteins that strengthen and support many tissues in the body, including skin, ligaments, bones, tendons, and muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
- CONTAINS TYPE 1, 2, AND 3: There are 3 essential proteins that are required to keep your body in tiptop shape. (10ztalk.com)
- 9 10 11 The structure of two scavenger receptors, recently explored by cloning cDNA from bovine lung library and designated type I and type II, was found to contain a collagenous domain, which plays a key role in binding chemically modified proteins, such as acetylated LDL, ox-LDL, and maleylated bovine serum albumin. (ahajournals.org)
- These two proteins are also important components of connective tissue. (ahajournals.org)
- Collagens are a family of proteins that strengthen and support many tissues in the body, including cartilage, bone, tendon, skin, and the white part of the eye (the sclera). (medlineplus.gov)
- When taking this in combination with the Super Collagen Type 1&3 must be taken a minimum of 1 hour apart to prevent the two proteins from binding. (aluckyladybug.com)
- In addition to the enzymatic crosslinks, non-enzymatic modification of collagen and other proteins occurs in the presence of glucose, a process that is enhanced with hyperglycemia . (imedpub.com)
- Collagen refers to a group of structural proteins found throughout the body, but primarily in the connective tissue such as skin, bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. (allstarhealth.com)
Capsules7
- Take 2 capsules daily with water for skin support. (nutritionexpress.com)
- 4 Capsules provide 2,400mg Type 2 Collagen (from sternal chicken). (healthy.co.nz)
- Each 4 Capsules contain: Sternal chicken collagen 2,400mg. (healthy.co.nz)
- By taking collagen capsules you can help maintain your body's own collagen production similar to that of a younger person's. (hellenia.co.uk)
- Hydrolyzed collagen supplements are available in the form of tablets, capsules, powder, or even tasty chewables! (energeticnutrition.com)
- Serving size: 4 Capsules Daily Servings Per Container: 30 Contains: Kolla2 Chicken Sternal Cartilage-A Natural Blend of Chicken Collagen Type 2 Protein, Hyaluronic Acid (HA), Glucosamine, and Chondroitin* 2400mg * Nutrients in kolla2 are naturally occurring not added. (totalhealthdepot.com)
- Chicken sternum collagen delivers type II collagen in easy-to-swallow powdered capsules. (pipingrock.com)
Gene30
- Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter. (wikipedia.org)
- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL1A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes one of the chains for type I collagen, the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Symptoms associated with mutations in this gene, however, tend to be less severe than mutations in the gene for alpha-1 type I collagen since alpha-2 is less abundant. (wikipedia.org)
- Multiple messages for this gene result from multiple polyadenylation signals, a feature shared by most of the other collagen genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Collagen type 2 alpha 1, also known as COL2A1, is a human gene which is the major collagen synthesized by chondrocytes. (biomol.com)
- This gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen found in cartilage and the vitreous humor of the eye. (biomol.com)
- This gene encodes one of the two alpha chains of type XI collagen, a minor fibrillar collagen. (acris-antibodies.com)
- Mutations in this gene are associated with type III Stickler syndrome, otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED syndrome), Weissenbacher-Zweymuller syndrome, autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural type 13 deafness (DFNA13), and autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural type 53 deafness (DFNB53). (acris-antibodies.com)
- The gene COL4A2 encodes a collagen alpha chain that is present in almost all basement membranes. (moldiag.com)
- A potential physiological stimulus for MT1-MMP expression is fibrillar collagen, and it has been shown that it up-regulates both MT1-MMP gene and functions in various cell types. (ox.ac.uk)
- Knocking down DDR2, but not the β1 integrin subunit, a common subunit for all collagen-binding integrins, inhibited the collagen-induced MT1-MMP-dependent activation of pro-MMP-2 and up-regulation of MT1-MMP at the gene and protein levels. (ox.ac.uk)
- This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain of type VIII collagen. (genecards.org)
- Defects in this gene are associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy type 2. (genecards.org)
- COL8A2 (Collagen Type VIII Alpha 2 Chain) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
- The COL5A2 gene provides instructions for making a component of type V collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
- A component of type V collagen called the pro-α2(V) chain is produced from the COL5A2 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Two combinations of chains can produce type V collagen: three pro-α1(V) chains (produced from the COL5A1 gene) or two pro-α1(V) chains and one pro-α2(V) chain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in the COL5A2 gene have been identified in a small number of people with a form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome called the classical type. (medlineplus.gov)
- After 48 hours, gene expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4, ADAMTS5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 was analyzed. (nih.gov)
- The COL1A2 gene provides instructions for making part of a large molecule called type I collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
- Type I collagen is composed of two pro-α1(I) chains (which are produced from the COL1A1 gene) and one pro-α2(I) chain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Several mutations in the COL1A2 gene can cause a form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome known as the arthrochalasia type. (medlineplus.gov)
- Rarely, mutations in both copies of the COL1A2 gene in each cell have been reported in people with a form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome described as the cardiac-valvular type. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most COL1A2 gene mutations cause severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including types II, III, and IV. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in the COL1A2 gene occasionally cause osteogenesis imperfecta type I, the mildest form of this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene is an antagonist of angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and endothelial TEK tyrosine kinase (TIE-2, TEK). (antibodies-online.com)
- Mutations in the type III collagen gene, COL3A1, are associated with the most severe forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (duke.edu)
NeoCell Super Collagen2
Joints15
- Laboratory tested to naturally contain collagen type II protein, and hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, and chondroitin, Therefore, naturally provides all necessary components for maintaining health joints. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- Kolla2 -ImmuCell is 100% pure chicken sternum cartilage collagen type II, the most abundant structural protein found in joints. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- a) As we age, the body s ability to make collagen protein slows down so there is insufficient new collagen to make skin, joints and other parts of the body. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- Collagen Type 2 helps to hydrate your joints and contains Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin and Glucosamine. (healthy.co.nz)
- Supplying the body with type 2 collagen aids in the replenishment of the body's most abundant structural protein, while assisting in the maintenance and rebuilding of cartilage, bones, joints and surrounding tissue. (healthy.co.nz)
- Collagen Type II is the most vital type of collagen for healthy joints. (appliedhealth.com)
- Type II collagen is the most abundant collagen found in hyaline cartilage (in synovial joints, sternum, respiratory tract), comprising 80 to 90% of the total collagen content. (supplementdirect.com)
- Collagen Type 2 protein makes up the fluids and function in the cartilage and joints. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Type II collagen is found in your joints, ribs, eyes and spine. (sb-edge.com)
- It is said that this collagen is able to bring benefits for joints, so it is widely used in the dietary supplements intended for joint health. (chondroitinpowder.com)
- In autoinflammatory diseases, as rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by inflammation and joints involvement, autoantibodies against post-translationally modified (ox-PTM) collagen type I (CI) and Type II (CII) were detected. (unicatt.it)
- Types 1 and 3 work together to bolster skin, muscles, bone health, and hair while Type 2 makes up the fluids and functions to heal joints and cartilage. (10ztalk.com)
- Vitamin C； Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body1 and a key constituent of skin, joints, bones, blood vessels, organs and more. (collagenpro.com)
- Undenatured collagen administered orally works with a healthy immune system to promote healthy joints by a process called oral tolerization. (jonbarron.org)
- There have been a number of studies conducted with UC-II on both animals and humans, including research at the Harvard University Medical school -- all of which have shown that the undenatured type II chicken collagen found in UC-II effectively reprograms the immune system to promote healthy joints and increase joint mobility and flexibility. (jonbarron.org)
Connective tissue6
- A: Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body, responsible for providing structure to the connective tissue that includes bones, tendons, cartilage, organs, and skin. (appliedhealth.com)
- Binding of LDL to connective tissue of the arterial intima, such as various types of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, was found to play an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. (ahajournals.org)
- Type III collagen is a critical collagen that comprises extensible connective tissue such as skin, lung, and the vascular system. (duke.edu)
- Fibrous tissue i.e. collagen (90% of connective tissue) 2. (slideplayer.com)
- COLLAGEN TYPE 111 Extensible connective tissue such as skin, lung and the vascular system COLLAGEN TYPE 1V Basement membranes. (slideplayer.com)
- These data indicate that in situ hybridization is a valuable tool for identification of connective tissue cells which are actively producing different types of collagens at the various stages of development, differentiation, and growth. (rupress.org)
Various types of colla3
- Many people ask me what the difference is between the various types of collagen. (sallyanncreed.co.za)
- While I take various types of collagen all day long, she has only been taking this one and it is doing astounding things to make her feel more like herself. (amzn.com)
- 9 10 11 As to the influence of the negative charge of ox-LDL on its binding to various types of collagen, one sort of ox-LDL was used in one investigation, 10 whereas in another study the affinity of type I collagen to ox-LDL modified to different degrees was reported. (ahajournals.org)
Tendons7
- Did you know that aside from water, collagen is the most plentiful substance in our bodies and is a building block for skin, tendons, and bones? (energeticnutrition.com)
- In addition, type II collagen can stimulate the production of type I collagen - the collagen found in your skin, tendons and bones. (sb-edge.com)
- Super Collagen+C™ utilizes Collagen Types 1&3, which is 90% of the body's total collagen supply and the main collagen constituents in the skin, hair, nails, ligaments, tendons, bones and muscles. (neocell-plus.com)
- Aside from water, collagen is the most plentiful substance in our bodies and is a building block for skin, tendons, and bones. (sallyanncreed.co.za)
- Collagen is the main component of connective tissues that make up tendons, ligaments, skin and cartilage. (nutraingredients.com)
- These changes mainly affect tissues that are rich in type I collagen, such as the skin, bones, and tendons. (medlineplus.gov)
- COLLAGEN TYPE 11 Cartilage (?O/A) intervertebral disc, vitreous humor and tendons. (slideplayer.com)
Supplements11
- Collagen supplements are appropriate and beneficial for adults of all ages. (hellenia.co.uk)
- Perhaps you've used collagen supplements or taken a form of gelatin to help improve the health of your hair, skin or nails. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Piping Rock's Chicken Collagen supplements contain powdered type II collagen derived from chicken sternum. (pipingrock.com)
- Discover the benefits of native type II collagen for convenient and low-dose supplements. (nutraingredients.com)
- I have been taking collagen supplements for the past 7 months and I walk about 4 miles a day. (amzn.com)
- Some benefits of collagen supplements are improvement while walking on a flat surface, performing heavy domestic duties, ascending stairs, and while resting in bed. (jonbarron.org)
- If you look at some supplements, you may notice that several of the supplement providers who are using UC-II in their formulas have mistakenly used 10 mg of UC-II itself. (jonbarron.org)
- Collagen supplements are derived from either fish, bovine, or porcine sources. (allstarhealth.com)
- Collagen supplements usually contain predigested or hydrolyzed collagen. (allstarhealth.com)
- Collagen supplements should be used as directed. (allstarhealth.com)
- Pregnant or nursing women should check with their doctor before consuming collagen supplements. (allstarhealth.com)
Abundant5
- It is your body's most abundant natural protein and without enough collagen your skin and body are old. (hellenia.co.uk)
- Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body-30-40% of the total protein-and the key structural protein. (sb-edge.com)
- Although abundant in our youth, the body's natural Collagen production typically slows at a rate of 1.5% per year after the age of 25. (neocell-plus.com)
- Type II collagen is the most abundant type found in hyaline (transparent) cartilage, which is collagen-right and found on many joint surfaces. (pipingrock.com)
- Type I collagen is the most abundant form of collagen in the human body. (medlineplus.gov)
Chain of type I collag1
- COL1A2 encodes the pro-alpha2 chain of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. (antibodies-online.com)
Administered undenatured type II colla1
- Effects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against arthritic inflammatory diseases: a mechanistic exploration. (ijoro.org)
Abnormal collagen weakens connective tissues2
- Researchers believe that the abnormal collagen weakens connective tissues throughout the body, which causes the signs and symptoms of classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
- The abnormal collagen weakens connective tissues, which causes the signs and symptoms of this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Hyaluronic8
- It contains 65-70% Collagen Type II and naturally contains 30-35% carbohydrates (chondroitin, glucosamine & hyaluronic acid), the major components of joint cartilage. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- The mucopolysaccharides consists of Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and Hyaluronic Acid, the makeup of synovial fluid and sugar aminos required to make collagen type II cells. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- NeoCell Collagen 2 contains glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid. (puritan.com)
- NeoCell's Collagen Type 2 is a naturally complete joint supplement that contains glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid which are key components of supporting and maintaining healthy joint function. (healthy.co.nz)
- Kolla2 collagen type II extracted from 100% chicken sternal cartilage, naturally contains hyaluronic acid, chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate. (taoofherbs.com)
- This hydrolyzed (denatured) collagen is combined with hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate for the ultimate in nourishing joint support. (pipingrock.com)
- ArthroPet is an innovative formula that provides chicken cartilage (a natural source of collagen type II, glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid), Plus MSM, CMO, and Manganese. (pickvitamin.com)
- I am excited to share a different set of products with you - Hyaluronic Acid Blueberry Liquid, Super Collagen Type 1&3, Collagen Type 2 Joint Complex. (aluckyladybug.com)
Rheumatoid16
- Autoimmune response to type II collagen is thought to be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. (supplementdirect.com)
- A few studies suggest that oral type II chicken collagen may be beneficial to some with rheumatoid arthritis, acting by a process known as oral tolerance. (supplementdirect.com)
- Oral administration of cartilage-derived type II collagen ( CII ) has been shown to ameliorate arthritis in animal models of joint inflammation , and preliminary studies have suggested that this novel therapy is clinically beneficial and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (supplementdirect.com)
- In this study, we examined the role of ICOS in rheumatoid arthritis using a collagen-induced arthritis model. (jci.org)
- These data indicate that ICOS is essential for collagen-induced arthritis and may suggest novel means for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (jci.org)
- One day Dr. Moore read about some studies on chicken collagen which showed that a small amount taken orally could have a preventive effect on rheumatoid arthritis. (prohealth.com)
- Six out of 10 rheumatoid arthritis patients reported significant improvement after taking UC · II for three months. (prohealth.com)
- In a 90-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis were split into two groups. (prohealth.com)
- Ten children (8 to 14 years old) with active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were given UC · II for three months. (prohealth.com)
- 1 In another study, researchers at Harvard Medical School found that six of ten rheumatoid arthritis patients taking undenatured type II collagen for three months showed substantial improvement, while one patient recovered completely. (jonbarron.org)
- And finally, in a 90-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, follow-up study on patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis, Harvard scientists found that 28 patients taking undenatured type II collagen showed significant improvement compared to the placebo group, while four patients recovered completely. (jonbarron.org)
- For anyone suffering from progressive cartilage damage (which ultimately means anyone suffering from rheumatoid arthritis or long term osteoarthritis), reprogramming the immune system with undenatured type II chicken collagen as found in UC-II is an essential component of his or her joint repair regimen. (jonbarron.org)
- A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, controlled clinical trial of chicken type II collagen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (biomedsearch.com)
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of chicken type II collagen (CCII) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with methotrexate (MTX). (biomedsearch.com)
- Chicken type II collagen (Colloral) is being developed as an oral tolerance therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This open label pilot study will describe the safety of chicken type II collagen added to current anti-inflammatory medications as treatment for patients with uveitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Bones8
- Type 2 collagen is the main component of healthy joint cartilage, which acts as a cushion between bones. (betterlife.com)
- These types are produced by fibroblasts (cells in connective tissues) and osteoblasts (cells that make bones). (energeticnutrition.com)
- Though it is possible to obtain extra collagen through diet (consuming animal products such as gelatinous meats, the cartilage on bones such as chicken drumsticks, and skin from poultry 5 ), some may find it unappealing or difficult to eat enough to support their body's requirements. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Chicken Collagen is the regular protein that is found in the ligament, bones and different tissues of chick. (chondroitinpowder.com)
- When abnormal collagen is incorporated into developing bones and other connective tissues, it causes the serious medical problems associated with severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. (medlineplus.gov)
- Vitamin C enhances the normal formation of collagen, substances that are part of the composition of cartilage, as well as bones and skin. (synergiashop.com)
- Our bones are made up of more collagen then calcium. (amzn.com)
- The technique was used to localize the activity of type II collagen production in the different zones of cartilage during the growth of long bones. (rupress.org)
Sternum10
- Each capsule also contains 320mg of colllagen type 2 which is derived from chicken sternum. (hellenia.co.uk)
- Hydrolyzed Marine Collagen Type 1 & 3 (derived from fish ), Collagen Type 2 (derived from chicken sternum) Bulking Agent (Maltodextrin), Anti-Caking Agent (Magnesium Stearate), Capsule Shell (Gelatin). (hellenia.co.uk)
- Supplement Direct COLLAGEN TYPE II Chicken collagen derived from the sternum of chickens. (supplementdirect.com)
- Advanced exclusive technology is used to extract Immucell Collagen Type 2 from young chicken sternum cartilage. (taoofherbs.com)
- Derived from chicken sternum cartilage, UC-II® consists of undenatured type II collagen that supports joint comfort, flexibility and mobility. (petzdeli.com.my)
- Chicken collagen is typically separated from the sternum or the ligaments of chicks. (chondroitinpowder.com)
- Taken from the chicken's sternum cartilage, UC · II is an innovative, patented form of undenatured type II collagen that works with the immune system to reduce inflammation and restore cartilage (unlike glucosamine & chondroitin, which are materials involved in the structure of healthy cartilage). (prohealth.com)
- not processed by high heat or chemicals) chicken collagen using the chicken's sternum cartilage. (prohealth.com)
- This week, we take a look at the dietary ingredient UC-II, which is derived from chicken sternum cartilage and is known for supporting joint comfort, mobility, and flexibility. (jonbarron.org)
- Another differentiation is that UC-II is manufactured in a GMP- certified facility from chicken sternum cartilage using a patented, low-temperature manufacturing process that ensures a particular level of undenatured type II collagen. (jonbarron.org)
Structural protein in cartilage tissue1
- Collagen 2 is the key structural protein in cartilage tissue. (puritan.com)
Marine collagen2
- Each capsule contains 80mg of collagen type 1 & 3 which is derived from marine collagen. (hellenia.co.uk)
- I have since switched to FitIndex Marine Collagen & haven't experienced any bloating at all thankfully. (amzn.com)
Polypeptide1
- In its natural form, collagen has a folded triple helix structure consisting of long polypeptide chains (see figure 1). (nutraingredients.com)
Protein consists of eighteen amino acids2
- The composition of Chicken Type II Collagen protein consists of eighteen amino acids. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- Collagen Type 2 protein consists of eighteen amino acids, which amino acid profiles parallel the profile of the joint cartilage. (healthy.co.nz)
Chondrocytes4
- Collagen Type 2 is produced by chondrocytes (the non-cellular matrix of cartilage) - a liquid-like filling within the cartilage. (energeticnutrition.com)
- The specificity of the probes was proven in hybridizations to sections of developing fingers: osteoblasts and chondrocytes, known to produce only one type of fibrillar collagen each (I and II, respectively) were only recognized by the corresponding cDNA probes. (rupress.org)
- Visual inspection and grain counting revealed the highest levels of pro alpha 1(II) collagen mRNAs in chondrocytes of the lower proliferative and upper hypertrophic zones of the growth plate cartilage. (rupress.org)
- Only a fraction of the chondrocytes in the degenerative zone were recognized by the pro alpha 1(II) collagen cDNA probe, and none by the type I collagen cDNA probe. (rupress.org)
Glucosamine6
- Mobiflex Plus with UC-II - is clinically proven to work faster and 2.5 times more effective than Glucosamine + Chondroitin in providing overall joint pain relief. (petzdeli.com.my)
- Additionally, chicken collagen sort 2 contains other joint wellbeing fixings: chondroitin and glucosamine. (chondroitinpowder.com)
- In a randomized, double-blind study of 52 osteoarthritis patients, one group took 40 mg UC · II and the other a combination of 1500 mg glucosamine and 1200 mg chondroitin. (prohealth.com)
- A small daily dosage of UC · II reduced joint pain and increased joint mobility and flexibility significantly - more than twice as much as the larger dosages of glucosamine and chondroitin. (prohealth.com)
- In a 2009 randomized, double-blind, clinical study, 40 mg of UC-II was more than two-times as effective as 1,500 mg of glucosamine + 1,200 mg of chondroitin in supporting joint health, comfort, and flexibility. (jonbarron.org)
- 1 UC-II outperformed the glucosamine/chondroitin combination using three different assessment tools: WOMAC, VAS, and Lequesne functional index. (jonbarron.org)
COL11A23
Extracellular3
- Cartilage is composed of chondroblasts, which produce a large amount of extracellular matrix consisting of type II collagen. (ijbs.com)
- They enable endothelial cells to attach to underlying extracellular matrix by binding to collagen and they interact with fibrin, heparin, and integrins. (ahajournals.org)
- The looser superhelical structure of the non-imino acid region of collagen triple helices combined with the extra contacts afforded by ionic and polar residues likely play a role in fibrillar assembly and interactions with other extracellular components. (duke.edu)
Amino14
- Parallels the amino acid structure of our own body s collagen type II. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- The percentage and molecular weight of each amino acid is different than those found in Type I & III. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- An amino acid sequence from the C-terminus of human COL2A1 (AFAGLGPREKGPDPLQYMRA) was used as the immunogen for this Collagen Type 2 antibody. (biomol.com)
- Collagen Type 13 and Collagen Type 2 should not be combined due the types having different amino acid profiles. (healthy.co.nz)
- Proteolytic processing of this type XI chain produces PARP, a proline/arginine-rich protein that is an amino terminal domain. (acris-antibodies.com)
- Glycine - the amino acid found at the highest levels in collagen, requires more serine than our bodies can naturally produce. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Despite being made up of non-essential amino acids, the supply of ideal levels of naturally occurring collagen cannot meet the demand. (energeticnutrition.com)
- Parallels the amino acid structure of our own body's collagen type II for high absorption into the bloodstream. (totalhealthdepot.com)
- Collagen Type 1&3 and Collagen Type 2 should not be combined due to the types having di erent amino acid profiles. (neocell-plus.com)
- Collagen Type-I is a rich source of amino acids that is needed by your pets for good overall immune system building. (petzdeli.com.my)
- Certain types are better taken together as they occur in nature (type I & III as you'll find in my Pure Hydrolysed Collagen ), and it's best to take Super CollagenT2 (type II) away from the Pure Hydrolysed Collagen because you will get much better results - they have different amino acid profiles. (sallyanncreed.co.za)
- Testing certain amino acids as competitors for binding of highly ox-LDL to type I collagen put lysine first, followed by arginine and histidine. (ahajournals.org)
- In some cases, amino acid substitutions alter one end of the protein chain (called the C-terminus), which interferes with the assembly of collagen molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
- 6 Grams Collagen Type 1, 2 & 3 with 18 Amino Acids +.Revitalizes Skin, Hair and Nails +.60 mg. (collagenpro.com)
Powder1
- Kolla2 is UnHydrolyzed Chicken Sternal Cartilage Collagen Type II powder or liquid concentrate. (nutritiongeeks.com)
Degenerative joint diseases1
- 2 Key Tissues in Degenerative Joint Diseases 1. (slideplayer.com)
Sternal3
- ImmuCell is a naturally complete joint support supplement made of 100% pure Kolla2 unhydrolyzed collagen type II from chicken sternal cartilage. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- BioCell Collagen is made from hormone and antibiotic free chicken sternal cartilage and is made via a patented manufacturing procedure that subjects the chicken sternal cartilage through various processes including filtration, purification, concentration, hydrolysis, and sterilization to ensure consistent quality and safety. (nutritionexpress.com)
- Each quick release capsule contains 500 mg of top-quality chicken sternal collagen. (pipingrock.com)
Triple helix2
- To gain insight into the structural properties exhibited by the natural type III collagen triple helix, we synthesized, crystallized, and determined the structure of a 12-triplet repeating peptide containing the natural type III collagen sequence from residues 991 to 1032 including the C-terminal cystine knot region, to 2.3A resolution. (duke.edu)
- This type II collagen molecule is in the form of a triple helix, integrating food antigens on its surface. (synergiashop.com)
Cartilage tissue1
- In addition, Type II is low in hydroxyproline and trace of hydroxylysine, the primary difference in comparison with Type I and III gearing type II to address cartilage tissue properties. (nutritiongeeks.com)
Joint and Cartilage Support1
- PLUS type II collagen for joint and cartilage support, gut and healthy immune function. (buypeakperformance.com)
Basement membrane collagen1
- Human basement membrane collagen (type IV). (wikipedia.org)
Elastin1
- 3. Fibrillin, Fibronectin and Laminin, which act as scaffolding for collagen and elastin. (slideplayer.com)
High-grade collagen2
- This targeted formula delivers high-grade collagen that is specially processed to improve digestibility and absorption into the body. (betterlife.com)
- This advanced men's health formula utilizes high-grade collagen that has been specially processed to improve digestibility and absorption into the body. (iherb.com)
Multi collagen pills1
BioCell Collagen1
- BioCell Collagen™ is a trademark of BioCell Technology, LLC. (nutritionexpress.com)
Helix8
- Biochemical markers reflecting the degradation of the type II collagen helical (Helix-II) and type II collagen C telopeptides (CTX-II) have been developed. (bmj.com)
- To investigate the association of rapidly destructive hip osteoarthritis with urinary Helix-II and urinary CTX-II. (bmj.com)
- In each patient, urinary Helix-II and CTX-II were measured at the end of the follow-up period, with retrospective evaluation of x rays. (bmj.com)
- Helix-II levels were 41% (p = 0.002) higher in the 40 patients with hip osteoarthritis than in 75 healthy controls. (bmj.com)
- Increased Helix-II levels were associated with decreased minimum joint space width of the hip (r = −0.57, p = 0.001). (bmj.com)
- Increased urinary Helix-II levels are associated with rapidly destructive hip osteoarthritis, independently of urinary CTX-II. (bmj.com)
- Measurement of Helix-II, alone or in combination with CTX-II, could be useful for the clinical investigation of patients with hip osteoarthritis. (bmj.com)
- Also, collagen IV lacks the regular glycine in every third residue necessary for the tight, collagen helix . (wikipedia.org)
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase2
- Membrane-type (MT)1-MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 were up-regulated by H-Ras but not by N-Ras in the type I collagen-coated gel, suggesting that H-Ras-specific up-regulation of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 may lead to the activation of pro-MMP-2. (biomedsearch.com)
- Serum Markers for Hepatic Fibrosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Which is the Best Marker, Type III Procollagen, Type IV Collagen, Laminin, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase, or Prolyl Hydroxylase? (wikipedia.org)
Youtheory1
- Youtheory® Joint Collagen is designed to help replenish the body's supply of this vital joint protein. (betterlife.com)
Complex5
- Our NEW Multi Collagen Complex contains collagen Type 1, 2 & 3. (hellenia.co.uk)
- Each capsule contains 400mg of the Multi Collagen Complex (collagen type 1, 2 & 3). (hellenia.co.uk)
- This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms which bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. (antibodies-online.com)
- The Collagen Type 2 Joint Complex "provides essential nutrients for complete joint support. (aluckyladybug.com)
- 2400 mg Collagen 2 complex. (albertsons.com)
Slows3
- As we age, the body s ability to make the protein Type II Collagen slows down. (nutritiongeeks.com)
- Over time, natural collagen regeneration slows until your body is unable to repair or replace the collagen that has been lost. (sb-edge.com)
- As this collagen production slows, the collagen fibers in the body become brittle and begin to break down resulting in many of the tell- tale signs of aging, such as loose, flaccid skin, wrinkles, ligament and tendon injuries and osteoarthritis. (neocell-plus.com)
