Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)
An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA adenine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form DNA containing 6-methylaminopurine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. EC 2.1.1.72.
Xanthopterin
Fluorescence
Nucleic Acid Conformation
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Purines
Base Pairing
Potassium Iodide
Acrylamide
eIF-2 Kinase
A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Interferon Inducers
Deoxyribonucleotides
Base Sequence
Oligonucleotides
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Hydrogen Bonding
Fluorescent Dyes
Guanosine
Bacteriophage T4
G-Quadruplexes
Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)
Base Pair Mismatch
The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of cytosine or adenine, mismatching during homologous recombination, or errors in DNA replication. Multiple, sequential base pair mismatches lead to formation of heteroduplex DNA; (NUCLEIC ACID HETERODUPLEXES).
Mutagens
T-Phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Nucleotides
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Mutation
Temperature
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Substrate Specificity
Models, Molecular
Binding Sites
Adenosine
Interferons
Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.
Structure-Activity Relationship
Protein Kinases
Circular Dichroism
Transcription, Genetic
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Protein Biosynthesis
Catalysis
Cricetinae
Gene Expression Regulation
DNA-Binding Proteins
Protein Binding
Phosphorylation
Marker effects on reversion of T4rII mutants. (1/327)
The frequencies of 2-aminopurine- and 5-bromouracil-induced A:T leads to G:C transitions were compared at nonsense sites throughout the rII region of bacteriophage T4. These frequencies are influenced both by adjacent base pairs within the nonsense codons and by extracodonic factors. Following 2AP treatment, they are high in amber (UAG) and lower in opal (UGA) codons than in allelic ochre (UAA) codons. In general, 5BU-induced transitions are more frequent in both amber and opal codons than in the allelic ochre codons. 2AP- and 5BU-induced transition frequencies in the first and third positions of opal codons are correlated with those in the corresponding positions of the allelic ochre codons. Similarly, the frequencies of 2AP-induced transition in the first and second positions of amber codons and their ochre alleles are correlated. However, there is little correlation between the frequencies of 5BU-induced transitions in the first and second positions of allelic amber and ochre codons. (+info)Base pairing of anhydrohexitol nucleosides with 2,6-diaminopurine, 5-methylcytosine and uracil asbase moiety. (2/327)
Hexitol nucleic acids (HNAs) with modified bases (5-methylcytosine, 2,6-diaminopurine or uracil) were synthesized. The introduction of the 5-methylcytosine base demonstrates that N -benzoylated 5-methylcytosyl-hexitol occurs as the imino tautomer. The base pairing systems (G:CMe, U:D, T:D and U:A) obey Watson-Crick rules. Substituting hT for hU, hCMefor hC and hD for hA generally leads to increased duplex stability. In a single case, replacement of hC by hCMedid not result in duplex stabilization. This sequence-specific effect could be explained by the geometry of the model duplex used for carrying out the thermal stability study. Generally, polypurine HNA sequences give more stable duplexes with their RNA complement than polypyrimidine HNA sequences. This observation supports the hypothesis that, besides changes in stacking pattern, the difference in conformational stress between purine and pyrimidine nucleosides may contribute to duplex stability. Introduction of hCMeand hD in HNA sequences further increases the potential of HNA to function as a steric blocking agent. (+info)Direct selection for mutators in Escherichia coli. (3/327)
We have constructed strains that allow a direct selection for mutators of Escherichia coli on a single plate medium. The plate selection is based on using two different markers whose reversion is enhanced by a given mutator. Plates containing limiting amounts of each respective nutrient allow the growth of ghost colonies or microcolonies that give rise to full-size colonies only if a reversion event occurs. Because two successive mutational events are required, mutator cells are favored to generate full-size colonies. Reversion of a third marker allows direct visualization of the mutator phenotype by the large number of blue papillae in the full-size colonies. We also describe plate selections involving three successive nutrient markers followed by a fourth papillation step. Different frameshift or base substitution mutations are used to select for mismatch-repair-defective strains (mutHLS and uvrD). We can detect and monitor mutator cells arising spontaneously, at frequencies lower than 10(-5) in the population. Also, we can measure a mutator cascade, in which one type of mutator (mutT) generates a second mutator (mutHLS) that then allows stepwise frameshift mutations. We discuss the relevance of mutators arising on a single medium as a result of cells overcoming successive growth barriers to the development and progression of cancerous tumors, some of which are mutator cell lines. (+info)Purine analogue 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside inhibits early and late phases of the angiogenesis process. (4/327)
Angiogenesis has been identified as an important target for antineoplastic therapy. The use of purine analogue antimetabolites in combination chemotherapy of solid tumors has been proposed. To assess the possibility that selected purine analogues may affect tumor neovascularization, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPR), 6-methylmercaptopurine, 2-aminopurine, and adenosine were evaluated for the capacity to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. 6-MMPR inhibited fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-induced proliferation and delayed the repair of mechanically wounded monolayer in endothelial GM 7373 cell cultures. 6-MMPR also inhibited the formation of solid sprouts within fibrin gel by FGF2-treated murine brain microvascular endothelial cells and the formation of capillary-like structures on Matrigel by murine aortic endothelial cells transfected with FGF2 cDNA. 6-MMPR affected FGF2-induced intracellular signaling in murine aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2. The other molecules were ineffective in all of the assays. In vivo, 6-MMPR inhibited vascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and prevented blood vessel formation induced by human endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane. Also, topical administration of 6-MMPR caused the regression of newly formed blood vessels in the rabbit cornea. Thus, 6-MMPR specifically inhibits both the early and the late phases of the angiogenesis process in vitro and exerts a potent anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. These results provide a new rationale for the use of selected purine analogues in combination therapy of solid cancer. (+info)The comparative effects of famciclovir and valacyclovir on herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, latency, and reactivation in mice. (5/327)
Infections by herpes simplex virus (HSV) cannot yet be eliminated, but the severity of the disease can be reduced. Two newer drugs with established efficacy for such infections, famciclovir and valacyclovir, were tested in a mouse eye model of HSV infection. Both drugs significantly reduced mortality and titers of virus shed from the eyes of mice infected with an otherwise lethal dose of HSV type 1 (HSV-1). Similar titers of HSV-1 were found in the eyes, ganglia, and brains of treated animals. Although valacyclovir reduced the latent viral DNA load better in these studies than did famciclovir, rates of reactivation by explantation and UV exposure were the same. Thus, in this study, famciclovir and valacyclovir were equally effective in limiting the virulence and spread of HSV-1, despite their biochemical and pharmacologic differences. (+info)Characterization of the interaction of lambda exonuclease with the ends of DNA. (6/327)
Lambda exonuclease processively degrades one strand of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the 5"-3" direction. To understand the mechanism through which this enzyme generates high processivity we are analyzing the first step in the reaction, namely the interaction of lambda exonuclease with the ends of substrate DNA. Endonuclease mapping of lambda exonuclease bound to DNA has shown that the enzyme protects approximately 13-14 bp on dsDNA, and no nucleo-tides on the single-stranded tail of the DNA product. We have developed a rapid fluorescence-based assay using 2-aminopurine and measured the steady-state rate constants for different end-structures of DNA. The relative k(cat)for 5" ends decreases in the order 5" recessed > blunt >> 5" overhang. However, k(cat)/K(m)remains relatively constant for these different structures suggesting they are all used equally efficiently as substrates. From these data we propose that a single-stranded 5" overhang end can bind non-productively to the enzyme and the non-hydrolyzed strand is required to aid in the proper alignment of the 5" end. We have also measured the length-dependence of the steady-state rate para-meters and find that they are consistent with a high degree of processivity. (+info)Mechanism of action and in vitro activity of 1',3'-dioxolanylpurine nucleoside analogues against sensitive and drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants. (7/327)
(-)-Beta-D-1',3'-Dioxolane guanosine (DXG) and 2,6-diaminopurine (DAPD) dioxolanyl nucleoside analogues have been reported to be potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have recently conducted experiments to more fully characterize their in vitro anti-HIV-1 profiles. Antiviral assays performed in cell culture systems determined that DXG had 50% effective concentrations of 0.046 and 0.085 microM when evaluated against HIV-1(IIIB) in cord blood mononuclear cells and MT-2 cells, respectively. These values indicate that DXG is approximately equipotent to 2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) but 5- to 10-fold less potent than 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) in the two cell systems tested. At the same time, DAPD was approximately 5- to 20-fold less active than DXG in the anti-HIV-1 assays. When recombinant or clinical variants of HIV-1 were used to assess the efficacy of the purine nucleoside analogues against drug-resistant HIV-1, it was observed that AZT-resistant virus remained sensitive to DXG and DAPD. Virus harboring a mutation(s) which conferred decreased sensitivity to 3TC, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, such as a 65R, 74V, or 184V mutation in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT), exhibited a two- to fivefold-decreased susceptibility to DXG or DAPD. When nonnucleoside RT inhibitor-resistant and protease inhibitor-resistant viruses were tested, no change in virus sensitivity to DXG or DAPD was observed. In vitro drug combination assays indicated that DXG had synergistic antiviral effects when used in combination with AZT, 3TC, or nevirapine. In cellular toxicity analyses, DXG and DAPD had 50% cytotoxic concentrations of greater than 500 microM when tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a variety of human tumor and normal cell lines. The triphosphate form of DXG competed with the natural nucleotide substrates and acted as a chain terminator of the nascent DNA. These data suggest that DXG triphosphate may be the active intracellular metabolite, consistent with the mechanism by which other nucleoside analogues inhibit HIV-1 replication. Our results suggest that the use of DXG and DAPD as therapeutic agents for HIV-1 infection should be explored. (+info)In vitro induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants resistant to phosphoralaninate prodrugs of Z-methylenecyclopropane nucleoside analogues. (8/327)
Two methylenecyclopropane nucleoside analogues with a phenylphosphoralaninate moiety, QYL-685 and QYL-609, exert potent and specific activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain LAI (HIV-1(LAI)) and HIV-2 in vitro. In this study, we induced HIV-1 variants resistant to QYL-685 by exposing HIV-1(LAI) to increasing concentrations of QYL-685. After 16 passages, the virus (HIV-1(P16)) was less sensitive to QYL-685 (104-fold), QYL-609 (>41-fold), and (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) (>1, 100-fold) than was HIV-1(LAI) and contained an M184I mutation. Two infectious clones, HIV-1(M184I) and HIV-1(M184V), were resistant to QYL-685, QYL-609, and 3TC, confirming that the M184I mutation was responsible for the observed resistance. Viral-fitness analyses (competitive HIV-1 replication assays) revealed that in the absence of drugs, M184I and M184V conferred a replication disadvantage on the virus compared to the replication efficiency of the wild-type infectious clone (HIV-1(wt)). However, in the presence of QYL-685 (4 microM), HIV-1(M184I) and HIV-1(M184V) showed greater fitness than HIV-1(wt). These data may provide structural and virological relevance with regard to the emergence of M184I and M184V substitutions in HIV-1. (+info)SocialTops - Blog View - Recherche Famciclovir 250 Mg Sans Ordonnance. Famciclovir 250 S
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Site-directed mutagenesis
... examples of such chemicals are aminopurine, nitrosoguanidine, and bisulfite. Site-directed mutagenesis was achieved in 1974 in ... 82 (2): 488-92. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82..488K. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. PMC 397064. PMID 3881765. Wells, J. A.; Estell, D. A. ( ... 2 (9): 1096-1103. doi:10.1128/MCB.2.9.1096. PMC 369902. PMID 6983647. McHugh, G. L.; Miller, C. G. (1974). "Isolation and ... 8 (2): 181-189. doi:10.1128/JVI.8.2.181-189.1971. PMC 356229. PMID 4940243.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors ...
Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique)
Such chemicals include aminopurine, which induces an AT to GC transition, while nitrosoguanidine, bisulfite, and N4- ... 400 (1-2): 25-32. doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(98)00061-x. PMID 9685575. Flibotte S, Edgley ML, Chaudhry I, Taylor J, Neil SE, Rogula ... 124 (2): 343-58. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(78)90303-0. PMID 712841. Vanessa E. Gray; Ronald J. Hause; Douglas M. Fowler (September ... 2 (9): 1096-103. doi:10.1128/mcb.2.9.1096. PMC 369902. PMID 6983647. McHugh GL, Miller CG (October 1974). "Isolation and ...
DNA base flipping
2-Aminopurine is a base that is structurally similar to adenine, but is very fluorescent when flipped out from the DNA duplex. ... 74 (2): 299-307. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90421-l. PMID 8343957. S2CID 54238106. Brunger A.T. (1992)"X-PLOR, Version 3.1 : A ... Other fluorescent probes used to study DNA base flipping are 6MAP (4‑amino‑6‑methyl‑7(8H)‑pteridone) and Pyrrolo‑C (3-[β-D-2- ... 31 (2): 89-97. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.12.008. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 16403636. Nakao, M (2001). "Epigenetics: Interaction of DNA ...
Balaji Prakash
"Investigating the inhibitory potential of 2-Aminopurine metal complexes against serine/threonine protein kinases from ...
Missense mRNA
Nucleoside analogues such as 2-aminopurine and 5-bromouracil can insert in place of A and T respectively. Ionizing radiation ...
Frameshift mutation
85 (2): 142-154. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.022. PMC 2725244. PMID 19679224. Walsh, T.; Casadei, S.; Lee, M. K.; Pennil, C. C ... 153 (2): S4-S14. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.005. PMC 2810958. PMID 18639722. Iannuzzi, MC; Stern, RC; Collins, FS; Hon, CT; ... 13 (2): R9. doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-2-r9. PMC 3334572. PMID 22322200. Tucker, Tracy; Marra, Marco; Friedman, Jan M. (2009). " ... CCR5-1 is considered the wild type and CCR5-2 is considered to be the mutant allele. Those with a heterozygous mutation for the ...
Excimer
46 (2): 193-209. doi:10.1070/PU2003v046n02ABEH001308. Conibear, Paul B.; Bagshaw, Clive R.; Fajer, Piotr G.; Kovács, Mihály; ... The reactions of benzene and their products depicted are a [2+2]cycloaddition to the ortho product (A), a [2+3]cycloaddition to ... Stereospecific 1,2 and 1,4 cycloadditions". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 93 (8): 2073-2074. doi:10.1021/ ... US patent 2805242, Ayer, Donald & Buchi, George, "1-cyanobicyclo [4.2.0] octa-2, 4-dienes and their synthesis", issued 1957-09- ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Another example of a metal complexing to natural nucleobases is the formation of A-Zn-T and G-Zn-C at high pH; Co+2 and Ni+2 ... 37 (2): e14. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn956. PMC 2632903. PMID 19073696. Yamashige R, Kimoto M, Takezawa Y, Sato A, Mitsui T, Yokoyama ... 1,3-Diaza-2-oxophenothiazine, tC, has a fluorescence quantum yield of approximately 0.2 both in single- and in double-strands ... 34 (2): 257-81. doi:10.1385/cbb:34:2:257. PMID 11898867. S2CID 12134698. Berry DA, Jung KY, Wise DS, Sercel AD, Pearson WH, ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 - 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1- ... quinolizin-2-ol, 2-ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- MeSH D03.438.834.775 - sparteine MeSH D03.438. ... 5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole MeSH D03.383.312.649.290 - fanft MeSH D03.383.312.649.308 - furagin MeSH D03.383. ... fura-2 MeSH D03.383.129.462.470 - muscimol MeSH D03.383.129.462.580 - oxadiazoles MeSH D03.383.129.462.580.200 - 5-amino-3-((5- ...
Mutagen
2-Acetylaminofluorene, originally used as a pesticide but may also be found in cooked meat, may cause cancer of the bladder, ... 3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 11013390. "Calabrese says mistake led to adopting the LNT model in toxicology". phys.org. 2017. Archived from ... Retrieved 2 Jul 2010. Callaway, E (2008). "Skin-tone gene could predict cancer risk". New Scientist. Archived from the original ... August 2005). "Cyclooxygenase-2-mediated DNA damage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (31): 28337-46. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...
Carbocyclic nucleoside
7 (2): 127-132. doi:10.1016/S0960-894X(96)00594-X. Borthwick AD, Butt S, Biggadike K, Exall AM, Roberts SM, Youds PM, Kirk BE, ... 2. JAI Press Inc. pp. 89-146. ISBN 1-55938-693-2. Cameron JM (December 1993). "New antiherpes drugs in development". Reviews in ... 156 (2): 1046-1053. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80950-1. PMID 2847711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) ... Carbocyclic (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2-deoxyuridine( (+) C-BVDU) GR95168 possesses activity against herpes simplex virus type l ( ...
C5H5N5
The molecular formula C5H5N5 (molar mass: 135.13 g/mol, exact mass: 135.0545 u) may refer to: Adenine 2-Aminopurine This set ...
5-Bromouracil
It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside derivative (5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine) is used to treat ... ISBN 978-1-4292-2943-2. (Articles without KEGG source, ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both ... and can induce DNA mutation in the same way as 2-aminopurine. ...
2-Aminopurine
... , a purine analog of guanine and adenine, is a fluorescent molecular marker used in nucleic acid research. It most ... Nucleic acid analogues Jean JM, Hall KB (2001). "2-Aminopurine fluorescence quenching and lifetimes: role of base stacking". ... observation of a protonated base pair between 2-aminopurine and cytosine in an oligonucleotide by proton NMR". Proc. Natl. Acad ...
Cytokinin
Kinetin was later identified to be 6-furfuryl-amino purine. Later on, the generic name kinin was suggested to include kinetin ... 142 (2): 161-169. doi:10.1104/pp.116.1.329. PMC 35173. PMID 24408097. Choi J, Huh SU, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Paek KH, Hwang I ... 19 (2): 284-295. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.07.011. PMID 20708590. Grosskinsky DK, Naseem M, Abdelmohsen UR, Plickert N, Engelke ... 157 (2): 815-830. doi:10.1104/pp.111.182931. PMC 3192561. PMID 21813654. Großkinsky DK, Tafner R, Moreno MV, Stenglein SA, ...
Janet Rideout
... discovering that aminopurine arabinosides had antiviral activity that was dependent on their amino group. This knowledge helped ... 31 (2): 274-280. doi:10.1128/AAC.31.2.274. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 174705. PMID 3551832. "13 to be honored by the UB Alumni ... 1 (2): 183-191. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-0648-2. ISSN 1573-9546. PMC 2096529. PMID 18404503. "Janet J. Rideout Ph.D. - Executive ... 10 (2). Buchwald, Jed Z. (2012). A Master of Science History , SpringerLink. Archimedes. Vol. 30. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2627-7 ...
Biomolecular engineering
... days of research in this field yielded discoveries about the potential of certain chemicals such as bisulfite and aminopurine ... 16 (2): 159-168. doi:10.1002/bit.260160202. PMID 4817138. S2CID 5997852. Zhang Ya-Tao, Zhi, Tian-Tian, Zhang, Lin, Huang, He, ... These monosaccharides consist of a five to six carbon ring that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - typically in a 1:2:1 ... 16 (1): 2-16. doi:10.1021/bp088059d. PMID 10662483. S2CID 31446269. Slabaugh, Michael R. & Seager, Spencer L. (2007). Organic ...
2-Aminopurine - Wikipedia
2-Aminopurine, a purine analog of guanine and adenine, is a fluorescent molecular marker used in nucleic acid research. It most ... Nucleic acid analogues Jean JM, Hall KB (2001). "2-Aminopurine fluorescence quenching and lifetimes: role of base stacking". ... observation of a protonated base pair between 2-aminopurine and cytosine in an oligonucleotide by proton NMR". Proc. Natl. Acad ...
2C7O: HhaI DNA methyltransferase complex with 13mer oligonucleotide containing 2-aminopurine adjacent to the target base (PCGC...
2-Aminopurine-riboside-5'-triphosphate, Nucleotide Probes Trove - Jena Bioscience
カスタムRNA合成
Polbase - Reference: Structure of the 2-Aminopurine-Cytosine Base Pair Formed in the Polymerase Active Site of the RB69 Y567A...
Structure of the 2-Aminopurine-Cytosine Base Pair Formed in the Polymerase Active Site of the RB69 Y567A-DNA Polymerase. ... Structure of the 2-Aminopurine-Cytosine Base Pair Formed in the Polymerase Active Site of the RB69 Y567A-DNA Polymerase. Reha- ... The adenine base analog 2-aminopurine (2AP) is a potent base ... The adenine base analog 2-aminopurine (2AP) is a potent base ... the N1 of 2AP and a proton from the C4 amino group of cytosine and an apparent bifurcated H-bond between a proton on the 2- ...
PQR | (s)-[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxy...
6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxy-hydroxy-phosphonooxy-sulfido ... S)-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurine-1,3,7-Triium-9-Yl)-3,4-Dihydroxy-Tetrahydrofuran-2-Yl]Methoxy-Hydroxy-Phosphoryl]Oxy- ... s)-[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxy- ...
Oral famciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir...
PQR | 2-amino-6-[[2-[4-[[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]-1...
6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]-1-piperidyl]ethylamino]methyl]-3H-pteridine ... You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule 2-amino-6-[[2-[4-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-( ... 6-Aminopurine-1,3,7-Triium-9-Yl)-3,4-Dihydroxy-Tetrahydrofuran-2-Yl]Methylsulfanyl]-1-Piperidyl]Ethylamino]Methyl]-3H-Pteridine ... 6-aminopurine-1,3,7-triium-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]-1-piperidyl]ethylamino]methyl]-3h-pteridine ...
Guanine | C5H5N5O | ChemSpider
Data Tables | Fluorescence Lifetime Standards | ISS
SMART: Bet v 1 domain annotation
Publications - NMR Spectroscopy
05] 2-Aminopurine Incorporation Perturbs the Dynamics and Structure of DNA Angewandte Chemie International Edition ... 24] Mercaptothiacalixarenes Steer 24 Copper(I) Centers to form a Hollow‐Sphere Structure Featuring Cu 2 S 2 Motifs with ... 28] Aptamer BC 007s Affinity to Specific and Less-Specific Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies ... 04] Der Einbau von 2-Aminopurin beeinflusst die Dynamik und Struktur von DNA Angewandte Chemie ...
Non-natural
Find Research outputs - Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Synthesis and Characterization of the New Clusters Ru4(CO)11(μ4-Te)2, Ru3(CO)6(PPh3)3(μ3-Te)2, Ru4(CO)10(PPh3)(μ4-Te)2, and Ru4 ... Nerli, R. B., Ramesh, D., Raju, A. V. M., Rao, M. S., Prabhu, P. & Shetty, S., 01-01-1990, In: Indian Journal of Urology. 6, 2 ... Rau, H. L. & Rao, P. G., 1991, In: Indian Drugs. 28, 4, p. 200-201 2 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › ... Rao, H. L., Aroor, A. R. & Rao, P. G., 1991, In: Indian Drugs. 28, 4, p. 195-196 2 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal ...
Find Research outputs
- Research Profiles at Washington University School of Medicine
Izumi, Y., Clifford, D. B. & Zorumski, C. F., Jan 28 1991, In: Neuroscience Letters. 122, 2, p. 187-190 4 p.. Research output: ... Graboyes, E. M., Kallogjeri, D., Saeed, M. J., Olsen, M. A. & Nussenbaum, B., Feb 1 2017, In: Laryngoscope. 127, 2, p. 337-345 ... 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate is a common activator of TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV3. Hu, H. Z., Gu, Q., Wang, C., Colton, C. K., Tang ... 2-aminopurine as a probe of RNA conformational transitions.. Hall, K. B., 2009, In: Methods in enzymology. 469, p. 269-285 17 p ...
Biomolecules | June 2015 - Browse Articles
Alcohol increased H2O2 production in catalase−/− and wild-type, but not gpx-1−/−, mice. Hepcidin expression was inhibited in ... RNAP: α,sub,2,/sub,: cyan; β and β: gray; ω: black. σ regions: as shown. Promoter: UP element: cyan; −35 element: blue; ... Figure 2. ,p,(,bold,A,/bold,) Inhibition of ,italic,L. monocytogenes,/italic, 39-2 by overlay of prior spotted and incubated ... Gpx-1−/− displayed significantly higher hepatic H2O2 levels than catalase−/− compared to wild-type mice, as measured by 2-7- ...
Influence of Agitation Rate on the Growth of MD2 Pineapple Protocorm-Like Bodies and Shoots in Liquid-Shake Culture
1 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for three months before sub-culturing into ... 5 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.3% agar. The cultures were maintained in the medium for three months before sub-culturing ... 2] Morton, J.F. (1987) Pineapple, Ananas comosus. [3] Coppens dEeckenbrugge, G. and Leal, F. (2003) Morphology, Anatomy, and ... Figure 2. Effect of different agitation rates on total fresh weight (PLBs and plantlets) of pineapple cultured in vitro in MS ...
Poly(I:C) induces intense expression of c-IAP2 and cooperates with an IAP inhibitor in induction of apoptosis in cancer cells |...
Figure 2. Status of the IAP proteins in a panel of malignant and non-malignant cell types in basal conditions and under ... The PKR inhibitor 2-AP had partial decreasing effects on the amount of BIRC3 transcripts under both poly(I:C) and TNF-α ... After 2 to 4 weeks of culture, cell colonies were stained with a solution of crystal violet. Dried plates were then scanned and ... Substitution of one H on both alanines (R = CO2Bu-t) results in an inactive compound used as a negative control (HS4044). B) ...
Modified Oligo Synthesis Reagents | LGC, Biosearch Technologies
2-F-G (dmf) CE-Phosphoramidite Phosphoramidite for incorporation of a 2-fluoro-modified ribo-G nucleobase within an ... Protect your DNA and RNA oligos from nucleases by incorporating 2-O-Methyl and 2-Fluoro modifications, or enable "reverse" ... Phosphoramidite for incorporation of a 2-fluoro-modified ribo-G nucleobase within an oligonucleotide ... Phosphoramidite for incorporation of a 2-fluoro-modified ribo-G nucleobase within an oligonucleotide ...
Find Research outputs - Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Bahuleyan, B., Menon, G., Hariharan, E., Sharma, M. & Nair, S., 2011, In: Journal of Neurosurgery. 114, 2, p. 510-513 4 p.. ... Rai, L., Kurien, L. & Kumar, P., 01-10-1995, In: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 41, 4, p. 93-94 2 p.. Research output: ... Bhuva, M. J. & Singh, S., 04-03-2019, In: Information Security Journal. 28, 1-2, p. 35-45 11 p.. Research output: Contribution ... Switching on the fluorescence of 2-aminopurine by site-selective microhydration. Lobsiger, S., Blaser, S., Sinha, R. K., Frey, ...
US Patent for Lipid composition for the delivery of therapeutic cargos Patent (Patent # 11,433,121 issued September 6, 2022) -...
CH2CH2O)n-)4 or C(CH2O(CH2CH2O)nCH2-)4 or C(CH2O(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2-)4 or C(CH2O(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2NHC(O)CH2CH2-)4 C(CH2O(CH2CH2O)nCH ... CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)nO[CH2CHO((CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2)CH2O]6(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2- or R(O(CH2CH2O)n-)8 or R(O(CH2CH2O)nCH2-)8 or R(O(CH2CH2O)nCH ... OCH2CH2)nO [CH2CHO((CH2CH2O)n-)CH2O]6(CH2CH2O)n- or -CH2(OCH2CH2)nO[CH2CHO((CH2CH2O)nCH2)CH2O]6(CH2CH2O)nCH2- or - ... In some embodiments, the alkylene group is a C1-3, C1-6, C1-12, C1-16, C1-18, C1-20, C1-24, C2-3, C2-6, C2-12, C2-16, C2-18, C2 ...
"Genotoxic activity of 2-amino-N-hydroxylaminopurine (AHA) in Aspergill" by N. Babudri, G. Morpurgo et al.
For example, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) is non-mutagenic or weakly mutagenic for eukaryotes while it is mutagenic for bacteria. ... Work in this field has been successful: in fact, 6- hydroxylamino-purine (HAP) and 2-amino-N-hydroxylaminopurine (AHA) have ... For example, 2-aminopurine (2-AP) is non-mutagenic or weakly mutagenic for eukaryotes while it is mutagenic for bacteria. ... Work in this field has been successful: in fact, 6- hydroxylamino-purine (HAP) and 2-amino-N-hydroxylaminopurine (AHA) have ...
Кафедра молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии - Fingerprint - Новосибирский государственный университет
Radiomimetic cell cycle delay induced by tetranodecanoyl phorbol acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase...
The exception is 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor which has been shown to have an action similar to that of caffeine ... The exception is 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor which has been shown to have an action similar to that of caffeine ... 2-Aminopurine, Caffeine, Cell Cycle, Drug Synergism, HeLa Cells, Humans, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Tetradecanoylphorbol ... delay induced by tetranodecanoyl phorbol acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine. ...
Small Interfering RNAs Induce Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Production and Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells via a...
2,B). Other authors have demonstrated that the off-target, nonspecific effects of siRNA are PKR-dependent (1, 3). In this study ... 2 C). In addition, we investigated the effect of siRNA-transfection on MIF transcription in an alternative cell line and using ... 2,A). Furthermore, a significant increase (p , 0.01) in MIF-luciferase activity was also observed at 24 h posttransfection with ... Both nonspecific stimulation (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and repression (2, 4) of nontarget genes has been reported and activation of the ...
Page 7
Kathleen Hall - Fingerprint
- Research Profiles at Washington University School of Medicine
Regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation. Interleukin 2-mediated induction of c-myb gene expression is dependent on T...
Interleukin 2-mediated induction of c-myb gene expression is dependent on T lymphocyte activation state. A M Churilla, A M ... Interleukin 2-mediated induction of c-myb gene expression is dependent on T lymphocyte activation state.. J Exp Med 1 July 1989 ... IL-2-dependent c-myb induction, however, is seen only early after activation but not in the late-activated population. Analysis ... We present evidence for a pathway of c-myb induction via the TCR that is independent of the IL-2/IL-2-R interaction. In ...
DGIdb - THIOGUANINE Drug Record
2- IP N6- Dimethylallyladenine Plant Growth Regulators CAS No 2365-40-4 99% TC
High quality 2- IP N6- Dimethylallyladenine Plant Growth Regulators CAS No 2365-40-4 99% TC from China, Chinas leading plant ... amino]purine. N(6)-dimethylallyladenine. N6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]purine. N6-ISOPENTENYLADENINE (iP) ... N-(3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-7H-purin-6-amine. N-(3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-purin-6-amin. iPeAde. 6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino ... 2- IP N6- Dimethylallyladenine Plant Growth Regulators CAS No 2365-40-4 99% TC Products - Cytokinin Plant Growth Regulator ...
AdenineFluorescencePurineInhibitorFluorescentAnaloguesProteinNucleosidesKinetinAcidAnalogsCytosineBenzylNUCLEIC ACIDSAdenosineUracilNucleotidesTherapeuticAbstractMedia supplementedPhosphoramiditePyrimidinesProbeExtractsProtonNucleobaseModificationsCombinationsExplantsProliferationCellsInhibitionAntiviralMicropropagationBotanyUtilizeTreatmentFoundMolecularInductionStructureExplore
Adenine6
- 2-Aminopurine, a purine analog of guanine and adenine, is a fluorescent molecular marker used in nucleic acid research. (wikipedia.org)
- The adenine base analog 2-aminopurine (2AP) is a potent base substitution mutagen in prokaryotes because of increased ability to form a mutagenic base pair with an incoming dCTP. (neb.com)
- As a plant growth regulator of lower toxicity,N6-(2-Isopentenyl)adenine can stimulate plant cell division and the growth and development of active growing parts. (plant-growthregulators.com)
- We report a new signal readout mechanism for DNA molecular sensing devices using ligand-free fluorogenic G-quadruplexes of which the propeller-like loops are distinguished from the diagonal and lateral ones with incorporated 2-aminopurine (2-AP, a fluorescent analogue of adenine). (chemeurope.com)
- Use of 2-aminopurine, a fluorescent isomer of adenine, as a probe of electronic energy transfer in DNA. (ed.ac.uk)
- We could reproduce the main physics of the dynamics of intersystem crossing in SO 2 , the presence/absence of ultrafast internal conversion in adenine/2-aminopurine, as well as ultrafast intersystem crossing in 2-thiocytosine. (blogspot.com)
Fluorescence1
- 2-aminopurine fluorescence and KMnO4 experiments showed that Hop1 or its ZnF can distort the Holliday junction in a 2-fold symmetrical manner. (iisc.ac.in)
Purine8
- Phosphoramidite for incorporation of a 2-amino-modified purine in a synthetic oligonucleotide. (biosearchtech.com)
- Work in this field has been successful: in fact, 6- hydroxylamino-purine (HAP) and 2-amino-N-hydroxylaminopurine (AHA) have been found mutagenic for yeast as well as for other eukaryotic cells. (newprairiepress.org)
- The study aimed to examine three genotypes of sorghum for their response in tissue culture using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) and cytokinins (Kinetin, 6-benzyle amino purine (BAP)) at different concentrations. (academicjournals.org)
- It was estab- lished that the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded base pairs 2-aminopurine : 1-cyclohexyluracil and 2-amino- purine: 1-octylthymine maintain the ground-state equilibrium during the life time of the excited state, whereas for the corresponding pair 2-aminopurine: 1-methylbarbital this equilibrium is per- turbed on excitation. (mpg.de)
- Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of purine-2,6-dione-based TRPA1 antagonists with PDE4/7 inhibitory activity. (krakow.pl)
- Estimation of the lipophilicity of purine-2,6-dione-based TRPA1 antagonists and PDE4/7 inhibitors with analgesic activity. (krakow.pl)
- On supplementation of embryonic callus with 2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-BAP(Benzyl amino purine) they form Pre-embryogenic callus on or within the surface of callus from where the embryos originate from a single or cluster of cells. (postboxlive.com)
- International Application Publication No. WO 2020/014041, published Jan. 16, 2020 discloses an enzymatic synthesis EFdA which involves a glycosylation of an ethynyl-bearing 2-deoxyribose intermediate with 2-fluoroadenine catalyzed by the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. (justia.com)
Inhibitor11
- This effect was shown to be dose-dependent and was attenuated in the presence of a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, 2-aminopurine. (aai.org)
- Radiomimetic cell cycle delay induced by tetranodecanoyl phorbol acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine. (ox.ac.uk)
- The exception is 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor which has been shown to have an action similar to that of caffeine is allowing progression of the cell cycle to mitosis after the inhibition of DNA synthesis, without affecting normal cycle progression through G2. (ox.ac.uk)
- 2-Aminopurine is a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase R (PKR) inhibitor. (targetmol.com)
- NH125 is a selective eEF-2 kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 60 nM, >125-fold selectivity over PKC, PKA, and CaMKII, and also a potent histidine kinase inhibitor. (targetmol.com)
- Staurosporine is a potent PKC inhibitor for PKCα/γ/η (IC50: 2/5/4 nM), less potent to PKCε (73 nM), PKCδ (20 nM) and little action to PKCζ (1086 nM). (targetmol.com)
- Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a new-type orally available inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT (IC50s: 3/7/7 nM for Akt1/2/3). (targetmol.com)
- R547 is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK1/2/4 with Ki of 2 nM/3 nM/1 nM. (targetmol.com)
- AT13148 is an oral-active and ATP-competitive, multi-AGC kinase inhibitor for Akt1/2/3, p70S6K, PKA, and ROCKI/II. (targetmol.com)
- In two cell lines constitutively expressing PKR (THP-1 and Molt-3), treatment with the PKR inhibitor 2-aminopurine increases their sensitivity to mercury. (proteabiopharma.com)
- For example, 6-dimethyl aminopurine was the first CDK1 inhibitor identified with an IC50 120 uM. (smolecule.com)
Fluorescent2
Analogues2
- CHENG CS, HOOPS GC, EARL RA, TOWNSEND LB . ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidines that are Structurally Related to Methylated Guanosines from tRNA and the Nucleoside Q Analogues, PreQ0 and PreQ1. (academictree.org)
- GUDMUNDSSON KS, DRACH JC, WOTRING LL, TOWNSEND LB . ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Certain 5′-Modified Analogues of 2, 5,6-Trichloro-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB). (academictree.org)
Protein1
- Blue represents DNA, green shows the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, and red represents double-stranded RNA, which occurs when the virus replicates its genome. (dualjuridik.org)
Nucleosides1
- Williams JD, Drach JC , Townsend LB . Synthesis and antiviral activity of some 2-substituted 3-formyl- and 3-cyano-5,6-dichloroindole nucleosides. (academictree.org)
Kinetin3
- Callus culture were initiated successfully on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin from G4 (L58) seedling and embryo explants. (academicjournals.org)
- G5 (2) explants failed to initiate callus but bulging from the embryo explants was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin. (academicjournals.org)
- Kinetin and benzyl-aminopurine are the most commonly used cytokinins in plant cell culture. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Acid4
- After a further three months, the microshoots obtained were maintained in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium that was supplemented with 30 mg/L sucrose, 1 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for three months before sub-culturing into fresh medium at monthly intervals. (scirp.org)
- comprising steps (a) and (b) of the process set forth above for the first aspect and step (c), which comprises treating compound (4) with an acid to provide 2-fluoroadenine. (justia.com)
- Artificial seeds were cultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Knudson (Kn C) medium at different strength (×1.0, 0.5, 0.25) and full strength (1.0) of both media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l α -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). (scirp.org)
- Barhee, by studying the effect of the chelated form of the iron salt of ferric ethylene di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate (FeEDDHA) and iron-ethylene diamine-tetracyclic acid (FeEDTA) on callus growth, in vitro regeneration and rooting of shoots, and some of the biochemical parameters. (springeropen.com)
Analogs1
- Frederick S, Daily S, Borysko K, Townsend L , Drach J , Prichard M. Structure-Activity Relationships of d- and L-analogs of Maribavir and 1-Beta-d-ribofuranosyl-2-bromo-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole (bdcrb) Against Human Herpesvirus 6 Antiviral Research . (academictree.org)
Cytosine2
- Reference: Structure of the 2-Aminopurine-Cytosine Base Pair Formed in the Polymerase Active Site of the RB69 Y567A-DNA Polymerase. (neb.com)
- A modified wobble 2AP-C base pair was detected with one H-bond between the N1 of 2AP and a proton from the C4 amino group of cytosine and an apparent bifurcated H-bond between a proton on the 2-amino group of 2-aminopurine and the ring N3 and O2 of cytosine. (neb.com)
Benzyl1
- Sterilized explants were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog [11] ) that was supplemented with 30 mg/L sucrose, 5 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.3% agar. (scirp.org)
NUCLEIC ACIDS1
- Structures of Nucleic Acids CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids , which are the polymeric acids isolated from the nucleus of cells. (fdocuments.net)
Adenosine1
- The 6-aminopurine ring of adenosine (A) can be deaminated to form the 6-oxopurine of inosine (I). Endonuclease Vs (EndoVs) are inosine-specific nucleases that cleave at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to inosine. (rcsb.org)
Uracil2
- The foregoing has been applied to measurements of the association constants, and other parameters, of hydrogen-bonded complexes of 2-aminopurine with 1-substituted uracil, thymine and barbital in chloroform solution, both in the ground and excited states. (mpg.de)
- In vitro evolution was used to obtain ligase ribozymes composed of only 2,6-diaminopurine and uracil nucleotides, which catalyse the template-directed joining of two RNA molecules, one bearing a 5'-triphosphate and the other a 3'-hydroxyl. (ox.ac.uk)
Nucleotides2
- Figure 1: Chemical structures of sugar modified nucleotides used in the aptamer generation resulting in increased nuclease resistance : 2'-fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate, 2'-aminouridine-5'-triphosphate, 2'-methoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate and 4'-thiouridine-5'-triphosphate, These are currently not available from Biosearch Technologies as stock items. (biosearchtech.com)
- We did not perform any experiments with the particular DNA sequence used by Swarts and Jinek in crystallization, so the scissile phosphodiesters indicated were determined for a different sequence (see Appendix 2-figure 1 , Appendix 2-figure 1-figure supplement 6 ) and superimposed onto the structural model according to their distance from the PAM (in terms of number of nucleotides). (elifesciences.org)
Therapeutic1
- Part 2 : Therapeutic Potential of cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. (krakow.pl)
Abstract1
- SALLAM MAE, TOWNSEND LB , BUTLER W. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4-(2,5-Anhydro-D-galacto-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3- triazole, a homo-C-Nucleoside Analogue. (academictree.org)
Media supplemented1
- G2 (94) hypocotyl explants gave callus on media supplemented with 2,4-D only. (academicjournals.org)
Phosphoramidite1
- One of the simplest methods of improving duplex stabilisation is the use of 2-Amino-dA CE Phosphoramidite (2,6-diaminopurine) in place of dA. (biosearchtech.com)
Pyrimidines1
- The influence of N-alkylation of the 2-aminopurine residue on base-pairing with the pyrimidines has also been examined. (mpg.de)
Probe1
- 2-aminopurine as a probe of RNA conformational transitions. (wustl.edu)
Extracts4
- We investigated the possible role of 2-5A oligomers in the proteolytic action toward the endonuclease and show that incubation of CFS PBMC extracts with 2-5A trimer and tetramer, but not with the dimer, results in a significant protection of the native 83-kDa RNase L against cleavage by endogenous and purified proteases. (proteabiopharma.com)
- Similar results are obtained with a purified recombinant RNase L. An analysis of the size of 2-5A oligomers produced by the catalytic activity of the 2-5A synthetase present in PBMC extracts further shows that samples containing the 37-kDa RNase L preferentially produce 2-5A dimers instead of higher oligomers. (proteabiopharma.com)
- The presence of the truncated 37-kDa RNase L in PBMC extracts is therefore likely to result, not only from the abnormal activation of inflammatory proteases, but also from a dysregulation in 2-5A synthetase induction or activation towards the preferential production of 2-5A dimers. (proteabiopharma.com)
- An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (umassmed.edu)
Proton2
- Barbatti, M. Effects of the Second Hydration Shell on Excited-State Multiple Proton Transfer: Dynamics Simulations of 7-Azaindole:(H 2 O) 1-5 Clusters in the Gas Phase. (mpg.de)
- Barbatti, M. Theoretical Study on Excited-State Intermolecular Proton Transfer Reactions of 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-h]Quinoline with Water and Methanol. (mpg.de)
Nucleobase1
- Published preparations of EFdA utilize the nucleobase, 2-fluoroadenine, as a key synthetic intermediate in glycosylation coupling reaction with various modified ribofuranoyl intermediates. (justia.com)
Modifications2
- Protect your DNA and RNA oligos from nucleases by incorporating 2'-O-Methyl and 2'-Fluoro modifications, or enable "reverse" oligo synthesis. (biosearchtech.com)
- 5' 2-Aminopurine Return to Modified Bases Modifications. (firebaseapp.com)
Combinations1
- r In experiment II, shoot multiplication of shoot tip culture derived three potato\r cultivars, 3 factor factorial in RCB arrangement was used with 4 replications, factor A\r was three potato cultivars, factor B was 3 different combinations of PGRs used in\r experiment I and factor C was 2 culture systems: solid and liquid culture. (meral.edu.mm)
Explants2
- The sterilized explants were then cut to 1 - 2 cm pieces as described by Zuraida et al. (scirp.org)
- The highest number of survived explants were recorded under, 2.5 % Clorox + 1% HgCl 2 (5 minutes) protocol. (ikppress.org)
Proliferation2
- Expression of c-myb is critical for proliferation of these cells since antisense oligodeoxy-nucleotide to c-myb can inhibit their IL-2-dependent proliferation. (rupress.org)
- For shoot proliferation, BA (0-2 mg/L) and Kn (0-1 mg/L) at different concentrations in combination with IBA (0.2 mg/L), and agar (0, 0.8%) used. (journalcra.com)
Cells4
- We previously reported that with time, after antigenic stimulation of antigen-regulated murine T lymphocyte clones, total IL-2-R expression decayed 10-50-fold, commensurate with a decline in the ability of the cells to proliferate to IL-2. (rupress.org)
- However, late after antigenic stimulation, when the cells were refractory to the IL-2-proliferative stimulus, high levels of high affinity IL-2-R remained. (rupress.org)
- Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the inorganic electron transport materials (ETMs) most often used in the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells [ 1 ]. (lmaleidykla.lt)
- An image of lung cancer cells infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (dualjuridik.org)
Inhibition1
- In addition, the inhibition of IL-2-R-induced c-myb expression by 2-aminopurine and enhanced induction of c-myb via the TCR demonstrate that TCR activation and IL-2-R activation lead to induction of c-myb by different mechanisms. (rupress.org)
Antiviral2
- The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 2-fluoroadenine, which is a useful synthetic intermediate used in preparing antiviral nucleoside agents such as EFdA. (justia.com)
- N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase and 8-oxoguanine dna glycosylase metabolize the antiviral nucleoside 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole. (academictree.org)
Micropropagation2
- The increasing demand for rare and excellent quality date palm cultivars makes us use micropropagation as an unavoidable propagation method [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
- In this study, 2 different micropropagation techniques, with Murashige Skoog (MS) and modified MS (ModMS) media, were used for Erodium sibthorpianum Boiss. (uludag.edu.tr)
Botany1
- Pakistan Journal of Botany , 42(2), 1093-1102. (ac.ir)
Utilize1
- Both of these literature routes utilize a glycosylation involving a modified, acetylene-bearing ribosyl intermediate and 2-fluoroadenine. (justia.com)
Treatment2
- China Patent No. CN 1051309898B discloses the preparation of 2-fluoroadenine in two steps from 6-chloro-2-nitro-9-tetrahydropyranylpurine involving treatment with ammonium fluoride followed by methanolic ammonia. (justia.com)
- Alternatively, in embodiment no. 2, the processes include isolating the intermediate compound (3) before treatment with the ammonia reagent to yield compound (4). (justia.com)
Found1
- The storage potential of artificial seed was tested at 4°C and room temperature (RT, 21°C ± 2°C) for up to 90 days on both media and found 83.33% viability at 4°C storage on MS media. (scirp.org)
Molecular1
- Working with Molecular Genetics Chapter 2. (fdocuments.net)
Induction4
- Interleukin 2-mediated induction of c-myb gene expression is dependent on T lymphocyte activation state. (rupress.org)
- IL-2-dependent c-myb induction, however, is seen only early after activation but not in the late-activated population. (rupress.org)
- We present evidence for a pathway of c-myb induction via the TCR that is independent of the IL-2/IL-2-R interaction. (rupress.org)
- The meristem explant showed high induction rate of shoots with minimum contamination percentage when explant treated with 20% (v/v) NaOCl for 10 minutes, 0.3% HgCl2 in 15 minutes and 70% alcohol 2 minutes. (ac.lk)
Structure1
- We show that this structure displays BSWs and that the near-UV fluorophore, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), on the top surface of the structure couples with the BSWs. (inrim.it)
Explore1
- In this report we further explore the basis of unresponsiveness to IL-2 in the quiescent clones. (rupress.org)