AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
2-AcetylaminofluoreneHydroxyacetylaminofluoreneAcetoxyacetylaminofluoreneFluorenesCarcinogensLiver Neoplasms, ExperimentalRats, Inbred F344DiethylnitrosamineLiverDNA AdductsBiotransformationgamma-GlutamyltransferasePrecancerous ConditionsMutagensBenzopyrene Hydroxylasep-DimethylaminoazobenzeneDNANitroanisole O-DemethylaseBenzo(a)pyreneMethyldimethylaminoazobenzeneMicrosomes, LiverHepatectomyLipotropic Agents4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxideAldrinBenzopyrenesRats, Inbred StrainsLiver RegenerationDeoxyguanosinePolydeoxyribonucleotidesDNA RepairAminobiphenyl CompoundsSulfuric AcidsMutagenicity TestsHydroxylationDNA ReplicationAminesMethylcholanthreneDNA DamageNitrophenolsDihydroalprenololIodocyanopindololReceptors, Adrenergic, betaReceptors, AdrenergicAdenylate CyclaseAlprenololPindololSister Chromatid ExchangeTime FactorsBloom SyndromeGlucuronidase
2-Acetylaminofluorene
A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.
Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene
An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.
Fluorenes
A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
Carcinogens
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.
Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.
Rats, Inbred F344
Diethylnitrosamine
A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
DNA Adducts
The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Mutagens
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.
Benzopyrene Hydroxylase
A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome P-448 (P-450) enzyme which catalyzes the hydroxylation of benzopyrene to 3-hydroxybenzopyrene in the presence of reduced flavoprotein and molecular oxygen. Also acts on certain anthracene derivatives. An aspect of EC 1.14.14.1.
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Nitroanisole O-Demethylase
Oxidative enzyme which transforms p-nitroanisole into p-nitrophenol.
Benzo(a)pyrene
A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.
Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene
A very potent liver carcinogen.
Microsomes, Liver
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Hepatectomy
Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Lipotropic Agents
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.
4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide
A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.
Aldrin
A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Benzopyrenes
A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Liver Regeneration
Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue.
Deoxyguanosine
A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
Polydeoxyribonucleotides
A group of 13 or more deoxyribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Aminobiphenyl Compounds
Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substituents except fused rings.
Sulfuric Acids
Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.
Mutagenicity Tests
Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.
Hydroxylation
Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)
DNA Replication
The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.
Amines
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Methylcholanthrene
A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Nitrophenols
Dihydroalprenolol
Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.
Iodocyanopindolol
A highly selective and specific beta antagonist that is used to characterize beta-adrenoceptors.
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.
Receptors, Adrenergic
Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.
Adenylate Cyclase
An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.
Alprenolol
One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.
Pindolol
A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)
Sister Chromatid Exchange
An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Bloom Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivity, DWARFISM and other abnormalities, and a predisposition toward developing cancer. The Bloom syndrome gene (BLM) encodes a RecQ-like DNA helicase.
Glucuronidase

Mutational inactivation of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C gene confers predisposition to 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced liver and lung cancer and to spontaneous testicular cancer in Trp53-/- mice. (1/450)

Mice that are genetically engineered to mimic the human hereditary cancer-prone DNA repair-defective disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are highly predisposed to UV radiation-induced skin cancer. It is not clear, however, whether XP mice or humans are predisposed to cancers in other tissues associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. To test the importance of nucleotide excision repair in protection against chemical carcinogenesis in internal organs, we treated XPC mutant (XPC-/-) mice with 2-acetylaminofluorene and NOH-2-acetylaminofluorene. We observed a significantly higher incidence of chemically induced liver and lung tumors in XPC-/- mice compared with normal and heterozygous littermates In addition, the progression of liver tumors in XPC-/- Trp53+/- mice is accelerated compared with XPC-/- Trp53+/+ animals. Finally, we demonstrate a higher incidence of spontaneous testicular tumors in XPC-/- TrpS3-/- double mutant mice compared with XPC+/+ Trp53-/- mice.  (+info)

Pseudoenzymatic reduction of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to 2-acetylaminofluorene mediated by cytochrome P450. (2/450)

N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) was reduced to 2-acetylaminofluorene by rat liver microsomes in the presence of both NAD(P)H and FAD under anaerobic conditions. The microsomal reduction proceeds as if it were an enzymatic reaction. However, when the microsomes were boiled, the activity was not abolished, but was enhanced. The activity was also observed with cytochrome P450 2B1 alone, without NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, in the presence of these cofactors. Hematin also exhibited a significant reducing activity in the presence of both a reduced pyridine nucleotide and FAD. The activities of microsomes, cytochrome P450 2B1 and hematin were also observed upon the addition of photochemically reduced FAD instead of both NAD(P)H and FAD. The microsomal reduction of N-OH-AAF appears to be a non-enzymatic reaction by the reduced flavin, catalyzed by the heme group of cytochrome P450.  (+info)

Effect of detergents on the N-and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene by hamster liver microsomal preparations. (3/450)

Effects of detergents such as cholate, deoxycholate and Triton X-100 were studied on N-and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene by reconstituted and unresolved microsomal systems from livers of hamsters pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene. Triton X-100 (2.5 mg/nmol of cytochrome P-448) inhibited N-and ring-hydroxylation by wholemicrosomal preparations by 40 and 90% respectively Deoxycholate at the same concentration inhibited both hydroxylations completely, whereas cholate inhibited N-and ring-hydroxylation by 40 and 50% respectively. In reconstitution studies, the presence of Triton X-100(0.5-1.0mg/nmol of cytochrome P-448) along with unsolubilized cytochrome P-448 fraction and solubilized reductase fraction increased N-hydroxylation to an appreciable extent compared with ring-hydroxylation. Both cholate and deoxycholate at 0.5-1.0 mg concentrations had a greater stimulatory effect on ring-than on N-hydroxylation activity in such a reconstituted system.  (+info)

Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells. (4/450)

Bone marrow stem cells develop into hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages but have not been known to participate in production of hepatocytes, biliary cells, or oval cells during liver regeneration. Cross-sex or cross-strain bone marrow and whole liver transplantation were used to trace the origin of the repopulating liver cells. Transplanted rats were treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene, to block hepatocyte proliferation, and then hepatic injury, to induce oval cell proliferation. Markers for Y chromosome, dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme, and L21-6 antigen were used to identify liver cells of bone marrow origin. From these cells, a proportion of the regenerated hepatic cells were shown to be donor-derived. Thus, a stem cell associated with the bone marrow has epithelial cell lineage capability.  (+info)

Resistance to the promotion of glutathione S-transferase 7-7-positive liver lesions in Copenhagen rats. (5/450)

Previously, we have shown that Copenhagen (Cop) rats are highly resistant to the induction of putative preneoplastic, glutathione S-transferase 7-7 (GST 7-7)-positive liver lesions following treatment with a modified resistant hepatocyte protocol. The objective of the current study was to establish the time course for the development of resistance and examine potential resistance mechanisms in Cop rats using F344 rats as susceptible controls. Male Cop and F344 rats (n = 25), 7-8 weeks of age, were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg) and promoted 3 weeks later with four doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (20 mg/kg) and a 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH). Groups of rats from each strain were killed on days 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 post-PH, 2 h after receiving bromodeoxyuridine. Cop livers contained similar numbers of GST 7-7-positive lesions to F344 livers on days 2 and 4 post-PH. The percent volume of liver occupied by these lesions did not differ between the strains on days 2, 4 and 7 post-PH. On day 14, however, approximately 29% of the liver volume in F344 rats was occupied by lesions, whereas in Cop rats this was significantly less (approximately 9%, P < 0.001). On day 21, lesions occupied approximately 58% of F344 rat livers and only approximately 6% of Cop livers. Despite these differences, the labeling index of hepatocytes was not significantly different between the strains at any time point, either within lesions or within surrounding normal liver. Furthermore, the apoptotic indices were not different between the strains at any time. However, differences were found in the extent of lesion remodeling (redifferentiation) and in the pattern of oval cell response following PH in Cop livers. By day 14 post-PH, approximately 76% of Cop liver lesions showed evidence of remodeling, compared with only approximately 14% of F344 lesions. The oval cell response to PH was equivalent in the two strains up to day 4 post-PH but by day 7, in F344 livers there was extensive migration of these cells into the liver parenchyma, whereas in Cop livers, the response remained localized to the portal regions. These results suggest that Cop resistance occurs at the promotion stage and not the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. Resistance appears not to be due to a lower proliferation rate nor to a higher apoptotic rate within Cop lesions. Precocious remodeling and/or a diminished oval cell response, however, may contribute to the resistance of Cop rats to the growth of GST 7-7-positive hepatic lesions.  (+info)

Analysis of loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic nodules induced by diethylnitrosamine in the resistant BFF1 rat strain. (6/450)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific chromosomal regions is a frequent event in poorly differentiated human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but rare in mouse HCCs. This behavior could depend on interspecies differences in mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis or in developmental stage of lesions. To verify if LOH is involved in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, we studied LOH frequency in slowly growing neoplastic nodules induced by Solt-Farber model in diethylnitrosamine-initiated BFF1 rats. We analyzed, with microsatellites, markers at 67 rat loci dispersed over all chromosomes, corresponding to regions homologous to those lost in human HCCs or containing hepatocellular susceptibility (Hcs) or resistance (Hcr) loci in rat and mouse. In agreement with previous findings with mouse HCCs, but at variance with human HCCs, no detectable LOH was found at any locus in rats, suggesting rare LOH involvement in neoplastic nodules, with low tendency to progress to full malignancy, of BFF1 rats.  (+info)

Development of resistance during the early stages of experimental liver carcinogenesis. (7/450)

The present study was designed to determine whether the resistant phenotype is acquired at the initiated cell stage itself or requires further exposure to a promoting regimen to express resistance. Male Fischer 344 rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg i.p.) and were subjected to either no further treatment or to the resistant hepatocyte (RH) model of liver tumor promotion. Six weeks later, the resistance of the focal lesions generated in these two groups to the mitoinhibitory effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was determined by subjecting the rats to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in the presence of a mitoinhibitory dose of 2-AAF (5 mg/kg i.p.) given at the time of PH. Labeling index was determined by administering multiple injections of [(3)H]thymidine. All rats were killed 48 h post-PH. While only a small percentage (23%) of the glutathione S-transferase-positive foci generated by DENA in the absence of an exogenous liver tumor promoting regimen were resistant to the mitoinhibitory effects of 2-AAF, a majority (85%) of the foci became resistant to 2-AAF following exposure to the RH model of liver tumor promotion. Further, initiated rats exposed to either 2-AAF or to CCl(4) alone, the two components of the RH model, resulted in 71% of the foci being resistant to the mitoinhibitory effects of 2-AAF. Similar patterns of results were obtained when the resistance of the foci to the mitoinhibitory effects of orotic acid, a liver tumor promoter and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis in normal hepatocytes, was monitored. These results suggest that the majority of initiated hepatocytes are not of resistant phenotype, however, they have acquired a unique ability to express resistance upon exposure to certain agents such as 2-AAF and CCl(4) or to a promoting regimen such as the RH model of liver tumor promotion.  (+info)

Modulation of the gene network connected to interferon-gamma in liver regeneration from oval cells. (8/450)

Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to clone genes associated with proliferation of oval cells in rat liver regenerating after a 70% partial hepatectomy combined with the feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorene. A subset of the identified genes comprised interferon-gamma receptor alpha subunit (IFN-gammaRalpha), gp91phox, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1alpha (LFA-1), eukaryotic initiation factor-2-associated 67-kd protein (eIF-2-associated 67-kd protein), and alpha-fetoprotein, which constitute part of the cellular program modulated by IFN-gamma. Therefore, expression analysis performed by Northern blotting and immunohistochemistry were extended to include IFN-gamma, the IFN-gamma receptor beta subunit (IFN-gammaRbeta), three secondary response genes induced by interaction of IFN-gamma with IFN-gamma receptor complexes, ie, IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and a cytokine inducing IFN-gamma expression, ie, interleukin-18 (IL-18). The Northern blot analysis showed that all examined genes were modulated when progenitor-like oval cells were activated and recruited for liver regeneration. Immunohistochemistry localized the subunits of the IFN-gamma receptor complex, IFN-gammaRalpha and IFN-gammaRbeta, the secondary response genes uPAR and ICAM-1, the IFN-gamma-inducing factor IL-18, and ICE to the ductular structures of oval cells. In contrast, during liver regeneration after a 70% partial hepatectomy, only modulation of IL-1beta and ICE was observed. Our results, therefore, indicate that IFN-gamma-mediated events may be particularly important when cells in the bile ductules must respond to liver damage by production of ductular oval cells.  (+info)

Monitoring the exposure of rats to 2-acetylaminofluorene by the estimation of mu :: TNO RepositoryMonitoring the exposure of rats to 2-acetylaminofluorene by the estimation of mu :: TNO Repository
The sensitivity of various methods suitable for biomonitoring the exposure to genotoxicants was compared in an animal model. The results were related to the presence of genotoxic effects in the target organ. Groups of male Wistar rats were given one oral dose of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 200 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/5 ml dimethyl sulphoxide/kg body weight. Peripheral blood cells, excreta, liver and spleen were collected at different time intervals after dosing. Mutagenicity in urine and extracts of faeces was determined using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with and without S9 and with and without ??-glucuronidase. Genotoxic effects were studied by measuring DNA-adduct formation in lymphocytes, liver and spleen, and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in lymphocytes. DNA adducts were measured with immunochemical techniques and postlabelling methods. Mutagenecity in urine and faeces, collected during the first 24 h after treatment, was detected at 2-AAF doses of 1 mg/kg b.w. and ...
https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/tno/uuid%3A76353073-f8d7-4709-a23d-f98822e2864c
Hepatic transforming growth factor beta gives rise to tumor-initiating cells and promotes liver cancer development - Wu - 2012 ...Hepatic transforming growth factor beta gives rise to tumor-initiating cells and promotes liver cancer development - Wu - 2012 ...
Liver cirrhosis is a predominant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism underlying the progression from cirrhosis to HCC remains unclear. Herein we report the concurrent increase of liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis and cirrhotic livers of HCC patients. Using several experimental approaches, including 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (2-AAF/PHx) and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-elicited murine liver regeneration, we found that activation of LPCs in the absence of TGF-β induction was insufficient to trigger hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, a small fraction of LPCs was detected to coexpress tumor initiating cell (T-IC) markers during rat hepatocarcinogenesis and in human HCCs, and TGF-β levels were positively correlated with T-IC marker expression, which indicates a role of TGF-β in T-IC generation. Rat pluripotent LPC-like WB-F344 cells ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.26007/abstract
Quantitative analysis of the ring-hydroxylated metabolites of 2-fluorenylacetamide by gas-liquid chromatography. | DIAL.pr -...Quantitative analysis of the ring-hydroxylated metabolites of 2-fluorenylacetamide by gas-liquid chromatography. | DIAL.pr -...
Batardy-Grégoire, M ; Razzouk, C. ; Evrard, E. ; Roberfroid, Marcel. Quantitative analysis of the ring-hydroxylated metabolites of 2-fluorenylacetamide by gas-liquid chromatography.. In: Analytical biochemistry, Vol. 122, no. 1, p. 199-205 (1982 ...
https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal:25120
Plus itPlus it
In the present study we exposed WT, p53+/−, Xpa, and Xpa/p53+/− mice to 300 ppm 2-AAF, a bladder and liver carcinogen, to compare the relative contribution of a deficiency in NER, p53, or both on tumor development in two different tumor target tissues. Under the conditions used in this study, WT mice showed no clear tumor response in the liver or the urinary bladder. This finding is in line with previous reports showing that the development of 2-AAF-induced bladder and/or liver tumors takes longer than 39 weeks (40) . In fact, sustained 2-AAF exposure would most likely have resulted in the development of both urinary bladder and liver tumors, because a clear induction of preneoplastic lesions was found in 2-AAF-treated WT mice (Table 1) ⇓ . Interestingly, NER-deficient Xpa mice were clearly susceptible to develop hepatic tumors upon 2-AAF treatment, because a significant increased number of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were found (Table 1) ⇓ . Surprisingly, these mice showed no ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/15/5118
Plus itPlus it
A method is described for the isolation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus from hyperplastic liver nodules produced by discontinuous feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorene to male Wistar rats. The procedure involves three centrifugation steps and permits the separation of these cell components and their subfractions from the same sample of liver tissue with as little as 1 g, wet weight. The fractions have been characterized by chemical, enzymatic, and morphological techniques and were found to be as pure as preparations from normal tissue. Furthermore, some of the characteristic histochemical features of hyperplastic liver nodules have been quantitated by biochemical methods in the fractions. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the endoplasmic reticulum subfractions of nodules is approximately 15% of the corresponding value in normal livers, whereas the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: cytochrome c reductase is reduced to 85% of the normal activity. The amount ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/43/7/3335
The p130 Isoform of Angiomotin Is Required for Yap-Mediated Hepatic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis | Science...The p130 Isoform of Angiomotin Is Required for Yap-Mediated Hepatic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis | Science...
The Hippo-Yap signaling pathway regulates a number of developmental and adult cellular processes, including cell fate determination, tissue growth, and tumorigenesis. Members of the scaffold protein angiomotin (Amot) family interact with several Hippo pathway components, including Yap (Yes-associated protein), and either stimulate or inhibit Yap activity. We used a combination of genetic, biochemical, and transcriptional approaches to assess the functional consequences of the Amot-Yap interaction in mice and in human cells. Mice with a liver-specific Amot knockout exhibited reduced hepatic oval cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in response to toxin-induced injury or when crossed with mice lacking the tumor suppressor Nf2. Biochemical examination of the Amot-Yap interaction revealed that the p130 splicing isoform of Amot (Amot-p130) and Yap interacted in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, which involved binding of PPxY and LPxY motifs in Amot-p130 to WW domains of Yap. In the cytoplasm, ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/6/291/ra77
The Practitioner - 1868-2020: Supporting general practitioners for more than 150 years - GPs should have a high index of...The Practitioner - 1868-2020: Supporting general practitioners for more than 150 years - GPs should have a high index of...
1 Cancer Research UK Testicular cancer statistics www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/testicular-cancer [Last accessed 17 April 2021]. 2 Akre O, Pettersson A, Richiardi L. Risk of contralateral testicular cancer among men with unilaterally undescended testis: a meta analysis. Int J Cancer 2009;124(3):687-89. 3 Lip SZ, Murchison LE, Cullis PS et al. A meta-analysis of the risk of boys with isolated cryptorchidism developing testicular cancer in later life. Arch Dis Child 2013;98(1):20-26. 4 Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A et al. Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;356(18):1835-41. 5 Hemminki K, Li X. Familial risk in testicular cancer as a clue to a heritable and environmental aetiology. Br J Cancer 2004;90(9):1765-70. 6 Walsh TJ, Croughan MS, Schembri M et al. Increased risk of testicular germ cell cancer among infertile men. Arch Intern Med 2009;169(4):351-56. 7 Manecksha RP, ...
https://www.thepractitioner.co.uk/Symposium/Mens-Health/12454-/GPs-should-have-a-high-index-of-suspicion-for-testicular-cancer
Upregulation of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatic oval cell proliferation by modulating oxysterol-induced...Upregulation of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatic oval cell proliferation by modulating oxysterol-induced...
Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) sulfates cholesterol and oxysterols. Hepatic oval cells (HOCs), thought to be progenitor cells, can be triggered in chemically injured livers. The...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00204-016-1693-z
Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis through Overexpression of Glutathione...Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis through Overexpression of Glutathione...
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https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_jf9017788
A characteristic electrophoretic pattern of cytosolic polypeptides from hepatocyte nodules gen | The Dr. Rath Health FoundationA characteristic electrophoretic pattern of cytosolic polypeptides from hepatocyte nodules gen | The Dr. Rath Health Foundation
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983 Dec 28;117(3):740-5 Eriksson LC; Sharma RN; Roomi MW; Ho RK; Farber E; Murray RK. The cytosolic polypeptides of hepatocyte nodules in six models of liver carcinogenesis were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their patterns compared with these of control and variously treated livers. The amount of a polypeptide of Mr 21,000 was about tenfold elevated in the cytosol of five of the six types of nodules and moderately elevated in the sixth. Certain other polypeptides, particularly one of Mr 26,000, also varied in amount, so that all of the nodules analysed could be distinguished from liver by their electrophoretic patterns. Some possible identities of the two polypeptides are discussed. Their study may have mechanistic as well as diagnostic importance.. ...
http://www4.dr-rath-foundation.org/NHC/studien_team/a_characteristic.htm
Index of /fossils/insects/triassic-insectsIndex of /fossils/insects/triassic-insects
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http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossils/insects/triassic-insects/?C=D
Index of /fossils/hemichordata/Phyllograptus-fructicosusIndex of /fossils/hemichordata/Phyllograptus-fructicosus
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Plus itPlus it
We have studied the enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of ring-hydroxylation and N-desisopropylation of R(+)- and S(-)-propranolol in microsomes from yeast expressing cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6), using both NADPH and molecular oxygen (NADPH/O2) and cumene hydroperoxide-supported reactions. With NADPH/O2-supported reactions, CYP2D6 catalyzed 4- and 5-ring-hydroxylation, as well as N-desisopropylation of propranolol, although Vmax was considerably greater for ring-hydroxylation, compared with N-desisopropylation. The R/S ratios for KM and Vmax were less than unity for all three pathways. In contrast, using cumene hydroperoxide-supported reactions, CYP2D6 catalyzed 4- and 5-ring-hydroxylation, and there was negligible N-desisopropylation of propranolol. The R/S ratio for KM was less than unity, but the R/S ratio for Vmax was close to unity. The cumyl group of cumene hydroperoxide did not seem to be a selective inhibitor of N-desisopropylation, because i) cumyl alcohol (a nonalkylhydroperoxide ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/24/1/112
Repair of alkylated purines in the hepatic DNA of mitochondria and nuclei in the rat.Repair of alkylated purines in the hepatic DNA of mitochondria and nuclei in the rat.
Further evidence for the preferential interaction of carcinogens with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been obtained. In rats treated with high doses of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) or N-nitroso-N-butylurea (NBU), hepatic mtDNA contains 1.4 times more O6-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (O6-MedG) or 2.3 times more O6-butyl-2-deoxyguanosine (O6-BudG) than does nuclear DNA (nDNA). The kinetics of removal of O6-MeG from mtDNA and nDNA are similar at both high (20 mg/kg) and low (2 mg/kg) doses of NDMA, and the removal of O6-MeG can be increased by pretreating the animals with 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), indicating that O6-MeG is repaired in the mitochondrion by a mechanism similar to that which functions in the nucleus. In contrast, O6-BudG is removed very slowly from mtDNA and rapidly from nDNA, an observation which is consistent with the absence of a nucleotide excision mechanism in the mitochondrion and the repair of O6-BudG, predominantly by an excision mechanism, in the nucleus of mammalian cells. A ...
https://christie.openrepository.com/handle/10541/115232
Chemical hepatocarcinogenesis | Biology OpenChemical hepatocarcinogenesis | Biology Open
Guadalupe S. López-Álvarez, Tomasz K. Wojdacz, Claudia M. García-Cuellar, Hugo C. Monroy-Ramírez, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Segura, Ruth A. Pacheco-Rivera, Carlos A. Valencia-Antúnez, Nancy Cervantes-Anaya, Ernesto Soto-Reyes, Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón, Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez, Saúl Villa-Treviño ...
http://bio.biologists.org/keyword/chemical-hepatocarcinogenesis
The AAF Virtual Debates: Can state-owned banks play an important role in promoting financial stability and access? | All About...The AAF Virtual Debates: Can state-owned banks play an important role in promoting financial stability and access? | All About...
Polling is Closed! The AAF Virtual Debate poll has closed, and the final votes are in. In the final tally, there were 153 yes votes and 51 no votes in response to the question: Can state-owned banks play an important role in promoting financial stability and access? Additional comments on this debate are still welcome. Thanks to everyone who voted or left a comment-we look forward to hosting more debates in the future. If there are particular questions you would like to see debated on the AAF blog, please suggest them in the comments section. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Introducing the AAF Virtual Debate From February 2-14, the All About Finance blog is hosting a virtual debate on state-owned banks. Asli has invited Professors Franklin Allen and Charles Calomiris to weigh in on the issue. Readers can make their voices heard in the comments section of this post and by voting in a poll here. The results of the poll are displayed below. The AAF Virtual Debate Blog Posts January 31: Aslis Opening Post
http://blogs.worldbank.org/allaboutfinance/comment/98
Aaf Filter Cartridge, Aaf Filter Cartridge Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.comAaf Filter Cartridge, Aaf Filter Cartridge Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
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Advanced Authoring Format / Mailing ListsAdvanced Authoring Format / Mailing Lists
Update of /cvsroot/aaf/AAF/ref-impl/src/OM In directory sc8-pr-cvs11.sourceforge.net:/tmp/cvs-serv32104 Modified Files: OMContainerElement.cpp OMKLVStoredObject.cpp OMObjectReference.cpp OMObjectReferenceT.h OMSSStoredObject.cpp OMWeakRefPropertyT.h OMWeakRefSetPropertyT.h OMWeakRefVectorPropertyT.h OMWeakReferenceSetIterT.h OMWeakReferenceVectorIterT.h OMXMLStoredObject.cpp Log Message: In preparation for generalizing weak reference sets and vectors de-templatize the OMWeakObjectReference class by removing template parameter Key. The API changes to specify the key via a void pointer. Index: OMObjectReference.cpp =================================================================== RCS file: /cvsroot/aaf/AAF/ref-impl/src/OM/OMObjectReference.cpp,v retrieving revision 1.20 retrieving revision 1.21 diff -C2 -d -r1.20 -r1.21 *** OMObjectReference.cpp 13 Oct 2006 17:56:43 -0000 1.20 --- OMObjectReference.cpp 23 Feb 2007 22:18:54 -0000 1.21 *************** *** 14,18 **** // under the License. // ! // ...
https://sourceforge.net/p/aaf/mailman/aaf-commits/?viewmonth=200702&page=1
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Groove Rock, Kraut Rock, Psychedelic Rock.The Ovals. If the creation of a new star were audible, then The Ovals would sound like it. If one of those moments when life becomes conscious of itself had a song, then it would be one of The Ovals. If getting lost in between.... ...
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RE 21 Oval Platter, White, China - 12RE 21 Oval Platter, White, China - 12
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Hi Im Prashanth For 3days Im Suffering From Small Oval | Ask The DoctorHi Im Prashanth For 3days Im Suffering From Small Oval | Ask The Doctor
Hi Im Prashanth For 3days Im Suffering From Small Oval Swell Under Armpit After 2days It Causes Mine Other Also Any Tips? Antibiotics? Please Its Very Painful To Bend Hand
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Pre- and post-initiation modulating effects of green tea ingestion on rat hepatocarcinogenesis -Nutrition Research and...Pre- and post-initiation modulating effects of green tea ingestion on rat hepatocarcinogenesis -Nutrition Research and...
Pre- and post-initiation modulating effects of green tea ingestion on rat hepatocarcinogenesis Green tea;hepatocarcinogenesis;initiation;GST-P;rats; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea ingestion on hepatocarcinogenesis before and after its initiation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN76A diet with or without green tea. Initiation was induced by a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine at week 4 and 0.02% (w/w) 2-acetylaminofluorene was supplied in the diets. The control group had free access to water for 13 weeks (CTR13). Tea infusion was provided from the beginning of the experiment for 13 weeks (PRE13) or from the post-initiation stage until week 13 (POST13). Three other groups (CTR24, PRE24 and POST24) were added to examine the longer-term effects (24 weeks) with the same experimental design. The percentage area of liver sections that were positive for hepatic placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), which was used as a marker of preneoplastic
http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200806135609503.page
Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene<...Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. AU - Kumar, P. Sai. AU - Kurup, C. K.Ramakrishna. PY - 1984/7/27. Y1 - 1984/7/27. N2 - The azodye 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene inhibited oxidation and phosphorylation in tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria. Phosphorylation was more sensitive to the inhibitory action of the azodye than was the oxidation of succinate or ascorbate. The oxidation of NAD+-linked substrate was severely inhibited by the compound. In submitochondrial particles, only NADH oxidation was sensitive. The site of inhibition has been identified to lie between the dehydrogenase flavoprotein and ubiquinone.. AB - The azodye 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene inhibited oxidation and phosphorylation in tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria. Phosphorylation was more sensitive to the inhibitory action of the azodye than was the oxidation of succinate or ascorbate. The oxidation of NAD+-linked substrate was severely ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/inhibition-of-mitochondrial-oxidative-phosphorylation-by-2-methyl
Determination of a Degradation Constant for CYP3A4 by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel Human Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac |...Determination of a Degradation Constant for CYP3A4 by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel Human Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac |...
Various methods for predicting DDI with enzyme inactivators have been developed, including both static and semiphysiologic models (Galetin et al., 2006; Einolf, 2007; Obach et al., 2007; Grimm et al., 2009; Fenneteau et al., 2010; Quinney et al., 2010), each relying on kdeg for the enzyme as a key input parameter. As physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling is more routinely applied to predict complex drug interactions, many researchers have noted improved prediction accuracy when using a CYP3A kdeg of 0.03 hour−1(Wang, 2010; Friedman et al., 2011; Yamashita et al., 2013), determined from the time course of CYP3A recovery following multiple-dose clarithromycin administration. The current approach, which resulted in an overall CYP3A kdeg of 0.0240 hour−1, relied on human hepatocytes, specifically the human HepatoPac model, as a viable in vitro surrogate of P450 regulation. Studies from our laboratories and others have characterized the activity, longevity, and functionality of the ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/43/9/1307?ijkey=47cc0ffcd945d3f092f988c3332626d4d4d76280&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Author: Okuno, M. / Publication Year: 2005 - PubAg Search ResultsAuthor: Okuno, M. / Publication Year: 2005 - PubAg Search Results
We investigated the preventive effects of a synthetic acyclic retinoid, NIK-333, on the early and late events of hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats treated with 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3-MeDAB). NIK-333 was administered once a day on consecutive days at a dose of 10, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight along with the supplementation with 3-MeDAB-containing diet for 16 wk. Animals from e ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7995-2005&q=%22Okuno%2C+M.%22&search_field=author
CiNii Articles - MORIMOTO MichioCiNii Articles - MORIMOTO Michio
Immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis of the intermediate filaments of the hepatocytes in the chemical carcinogen-induced hyperplastic liver nodules of rats. （1990 ...
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author?q=MORIMOTO+Michio
White Pill Oval G 31 - Topics - MedsChatWhite Pill Oval G 31 - Topics - MedsChat
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Carcinogen<...Carcinogen<...
Get Carcinogen latest information and updates. Read latest Carcinogen articles, watch Carcinogen videos and much more at NDTV Food
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DSpace at EWHA: 백서에서 Cholesterol과 인삼 투여가 Hepatic Cytochrome P-450, b (5) 및 2-AAF의 Hydroxylation에 미치는 영향DSpace at EWHA: 백서에서 Cholesterol과 인삼 투여가 Hepatic Cytochrome P-450, b (5) 및 2-AAF의 Hydroxylation에 미치는 영향
hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system의 중추인 cytochrome p-450은 주위환경, 약물, 식이 및 영양 상태에따라 활성이 변화하는것으로 알려져있다. 또한 이 효소계를 통하여 대사되는 2-acetylaminofluorene은 guinea pig를 제외한 모든 동물에서 간암을 일으키는 물질이라는것이 밝혀져서 연구의 대상이 되고있다. 최근 cholesterol은 성인병에 있어 그 원인 인자로서 중요성이 알려지고 있으며 cytochrome p-450과 b_(5)와의 연관성이 보고된바있다. 한편 인삼은 항암작용, 대사촉진, 간조직에서의 해독작용등 여러가지 기능이 보고되어 있다. 이에 저자는 cholesterol을 투여한 흰쥐에서 hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 및 b_(5)의 활성에대한 영향과 2-AAF의 ring-hydroxylation과 N-hydroxylation의 변화를 관찰하고, cholesterol과 인삼을 통시에 투여한 군과 비교관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 정상 ...
http://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/206686
Most recent papers with the keyword 3d print | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword 3d print | Read by QxMD
Hepatic oval cells (HOCs) are considered the progeny of the intrahepatic stem cells that are found in a small population in the liver after hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited. Due to their small number, isolation and capture of these cells constitute a challenging task for immunosensor technology. This work describes the development of a 3D-printed continuous flow system and exploits disposable screen-printed electrodes for the rapid detection of HOCs that over-express the OV6 marker on their membrane. Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrodes have a chitosan film that serves as a scaffold for the immobilization of oval cell marker antibodies (anti-OV6-Ab), which enhance the sensitivity of the biomarker and makes the designed sensor specific for oval cells ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/41634
EMF-Portal | The 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a...EMF-Portal | The 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a...
Animals were given a single injection of diethylnitrosamine two weeks before exposure to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. Animals for sham exposure were treated the same way as animals in the exposure group but without EMF. Animals in the control group were not placed in the cylinders or exposure boxes ...
https://www.emf-portal.org/de/article/1446
Mouse Oval Cell Marker - NBP1-18961SS | acris-antibodies.comMouse Oval Cell Marker - NBP1-18961SS | acris-antibodies.com
Mouse Oval Cell Marker, 25 µl. Facultative liver stem cell activation was originally described in the rat, where chemical damage and partial hepatectomy caused the emergence of a new cell type, the oval cell.
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/antibodies/primary-antibodies/mouse-oval-cell-marker-nbp1-18961ss.htm
Mouse Oval Cell Marker - NBP1-18961G | acris-antibodies.comMouse Oval Cell Marker - NBP1-18961G | acris-antibodies.com
Mouse Oval Cell Marker, 0.1 ml. Facultative liver stem cell activation was originally described in the rat, where chemical damage and partial hepatectomy caused the emergence of a new cell type, the oval cell.
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/antibodies/primary-antibodies/mouse-oval-cell-marker-nbp1-18961g.htm
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3D5AAF html color code3D5AAF html color code
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Evidence for similar principal target proteins of chemical carcinogens by S Sorof and M S. DickensEvidence for similar principal target proteins of chemical carcinogens by S Sorof and M S. Dickens
Sorof, S and Dickens, M S., Evidence for similar principal target proteins of chemical carcinogens in six carcinogen-organ systems. Abstr. (1978). Subject Strain Bibliography 1978. 443 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1978/443/
Carcinogen | pathology | Britannica.comCarcinogen | pathology | Britannica.com
Carcinogen: Carcinogen, any of a number of agents that can cause cancer in humans. They can be divided into three major categories: chemical carcinogens (including those from biological sources), physical carcinogens, and oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses. Most carcinogens, singly or in combination, produce
https://www.britannica.com/science/carcinogen
Wade Oval WednesdayWade Oval Wednesday
This summers Wade Oval Wednesday series will begin today (June 14). This free concert series will be held each Wednesday through Aug. 30 from 6 to 9 p.m. at Wade Oval (10820 East Blvd.).. This weeks concert will feature The Speedbumps, an Indie rock group.. In addition to live music, each weeks event will feature food trucks, vendors and more.. Get the full schedule at universitycircle.org/events/2017/06/14/wow-wade-oval-wednesdays.. ...
http://thedaily.case.edu/wade-oval-wednesday/
What to eatWhat to eat
Learn about the gastronomy of Nariño at Pasto: traditional dishes like the guinea pig and the pastuso fry are the stars of Nariños ...
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NextPart_01D2C1B6.B22D0830 Content-Location: file:///C:/1EF26892/11.Dr.NikhilChallawar_files/image001.jpg Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/jpeg /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEA3ADcAAD/2wBDAAIBAQIBAQICAgICAgICAwUDAwMDAwYEBAMFBwYHBwcG BwcICQsJCAgKCAcHCg0KCgsMDAwMBwkODw0MDgsMDAz/2wBDAQICAgMDAwYDAwYMCAcIDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAz/wAARCAEBAOsDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQA AAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3 ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWm p6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEA AwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREAAgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSEx BhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYkNOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElK U1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOEhYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3 ...
http://irjims.com/files/11.-Dr.-Nikhil-Challawar.mht
Determining if Something Is a CarcinogenDetermining if Something Is a Carcinogen
Substances and exposures that can lead to cancer are called carcinogens. Learn how possible cancer causes are studied and classified by experts.
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/general-info/determining-if-something-is-a-carcinogen.html
CaseinCasein
7 (2): 231r. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231r. Solinas C, Corpino M, Maccioni R, et al. (2010). "Cow's milk protein allergy". J. ... 85 (2): 281-94. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74078-2. PMID 11913691. Holt C (1992). "Structure and Stability of Bovine Casein ... p. 2. ISBN 9780195313918. Gloman CB, Napoli R (2007). Scenic Design And Lighting Techniques: A Basic Guide for Theatre. Taylor ... 93 (1-2): 189-99. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.010. PMC 2254509. PMID 17900635. Louis Malcmacher. "Enamel Remineralization: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein
Ames testAmes test
Examples include tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, which was used as a flame retardant in plastic and textiles such as ... ISBN 978-0-7099-1044-2. Hakura A, Suzuki S, Satoh T (January 1999). "Advantage of the use of human liver S9 in the Ames test". ... 455 (1-2): 29-60. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00064-6. PMID 11113466. Charnley G (2002). "Ames Test". Encyclopedia of Public ... 46 (1-2): 41-4. doi:10.1007/BF00361244. PMID 7235997. S2CID 23769437. Phillipson, Caroline E.; Ioannides, Costas (1989-03-01 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames_test
SULT1C2SULT1C2
129 (1-2): 141-70. doi:10.1016/S0009-2797(00)00202-7. PMID 11154739. Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, Ma L, Kuhlow A, Pabel U, ... 482 (1-2): 27-40. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00207-X. PMID 11535246. Kiehlbauch CC, Lam YF, Ringer DP (August 1995). " ... 65 (2): 157-65. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6150. PMID 10783263. "Entrez Gene: SULT1C1 sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1C, member ... doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00038-2. PMID 10481272. Li X, Clemens DL, Anderson RJ (December 2000). "Sulfation of iodothyronines ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SULT1C2
AcetoxyacetylaminofluoreneAcetoxyacetylaminofluorene
... is a derivative of 2-acetylaminofluorene used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene
HadacidinHadacidin
Glycine, formate, and the 2-carbon of serine were all found to be very quickly incorporated into hadacidin during its synthesis ... 1960), who found that N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was formed in the intact rat upon administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene ... and the 2-carbon of glycine were incorporated into both the glycyl and formyl portions of the hydroxamate. N-Hydroxyglycine was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadacidin
SULT1C4SULT1C4
129 (1-2): 141-70. doi:10.1016/S0009-2797(00)00202-7. PMID 11154739. Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, et al. (2001). "Human ... 482 (1-2): 27-40. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00207-X. PMID 11535246. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). " ... 65 (2): 157-65. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6150. PMID 10783263. Sakakibara Y, Yanagisawa K, Katafuchi J, Ringer DP, Takami Y, ... 2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature. 434 (7034): 724-31. doi:10.1038/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SULT1C4
N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductaseN-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-acetamidofluorene:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include N- ... In enzymology, a N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase (EC 1.7.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2- ... Gutmann HR, Erickson RR (1969). "The conversion of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide to o-amidophenols by rat liver ... Kitamura S, Tatsumi K (1985). "Purification of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase from rabbit liver cytosol". Biochem. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene_reductase
Antineoplastic resistanceAntineoplastic resistance
3.0.co;2-s. ISSN 0020-7136. PMID 10225454. Youn, Cha-Kyung; Kim, Mi-Hwa; Cho, Hyun-Ju; et al. (2004-07-15). "Oncogenic H-Ras Up ... 320 (2): 493-500. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.003. PMID 15219856. Miyashita, T; Reed, JC (January 1, 1993). "Bcl-2 oncoprotein ... 14 (2): 158-168. doi:10.3109/07357909609018891. ISSN 0735-7907. PMID 8597901. Conze, D.; Weiss, L.; Regen, P. S.; et al. (2001- ... Other genes involved in the apoptotic pathway related drug resistance include h-ras and bcl-2/bax. Oncogenic h-ras has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antineoplastic_resistance
Hati bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasHati bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Coffee and type 2 diabetes: from beans to beta-cells". Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; van Dam RM. ... 2. Role of growth factors and cytokines in hepatic regeneration". Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown ... "Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus". Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard ... Sitokina yang disekresi oleh sel TH1 akan menghambat diferensiasi sel T menjadi sel TH2, sebaliknya sitokina sekresi TH2 akan ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati
MutagenMutagen
2-Acetylaminofluorene, originally used as a pesticide but may also be found in cooked meat, may cause cancer of the bladder, ... 3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 11013390. "Calabrese says mistake led to adopting the LNT model in toxicology". phys.org. 2017. Archived from ... Retrieved 2 Jul 2010. Callaway, E (2008). "Skin-tone gene could predict cancer risk". New Scientist. Archived from the original ... August 2005). "Cyclooxygenase-2-mediated DNA damage". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (31): 28337-46. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagen
Aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferaseAromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase
... and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene N-O acyltransferase. Bartsch H, Dworkin C, Miller EC, Miller JA (1973). "Formation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic-hydroxylamine_O-acetyltransferase
AAFAAF
... a filter used to restrict the bandwidth of a signal 2-Acetylaminofluorene, a biochemical tool Alien Ant Farm, an alternative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAF
List of MeSH codes (D04)List of MeSH codes (D04)
... vitamin k 2 MeSH D04.615.638.721.374.922 - vitamin k 3 MeSH D04.615.638.845 - 1-naphthylamine MeSH D04.615.638.845.800 - ... 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 MeSH D04.808.247.808.489 - fusidic acid MeSH D04.808.247.808.607 - lanosterol MeSH D04.808.247.808.756 - ... 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin MeSH D04.615.638.960.492 - levobunolol MeSH D04.615.638.960.585 - mibefradil MeSH ... 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 MeSH D04.808.247.222.537 - ergosterol MeSH D04.808.247.222.857 - sitosterols MeSH D04.808.247.808 - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D04)
2-Acetylaminofluorene2-Acetylaminofluorene
2-AAF is a substrate for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme, which is a part of a super family found in almost all organisms. This ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in ... The interconversion of amide and amine metabolites of 2-AAF can further occur via the microsomal enzyme deacetylase producing ... The reactive nitrenium, carbonium and arylamidonium ion metabolites of 2-AAF react with the nucleophilic groups in DNA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Acetylaminofluorene
CaseinCasein
p. 2. ISBN 9780195313918. .. *^ Gloman CB, Napoli R (2007). Scenic Design And Lighting Techniques: A Basic Guide for Theatre. ... 7 (2): 231r. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231r.. *^ Solinas C, Corpino M, Maccioni R, et al. (2010). "Cow's milk protein allergy". J ... doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74078-2. PMID 11913691.. *^ Holt C (1992). "Structure and Stability of Bovine Casein Micelles". ... "Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Systematic Review) (2): CD003498. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub3. PMC 4164915. PMID 18425890.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein-free_diet
Hati bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasHati bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Coffee and type 2 diabetes: from beans to beta-cells". Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; van Dam RM. ... 2. Role of growth factors and cytokines in hepatic regeneration". Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown ... "Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus". Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard ... Lobus hati terbentuk dari sel parenkimal dan juga sel non-parenkimal.[2] Sel parenkimal pada hati disebut hepatosit, menempati ...
https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver
AtiAti
"Coffee and type 2 diabetes: from beans to beta-cells". Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; van Dam RM. ... 2. Role of growth factors and cytokines in hepatic regeneration". Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown ... "Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus". Harvard School of Public Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard ... Lobus ati kawangun saka sèl parenkimal lan sèl non-parenkimal.[2] Sèl parenkimal ing ati diarani hepatosit, manggoni watara 80 ...
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver
Acetylaminofluorene, 2- (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDCAcetylaminofluorene, 2- (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDC
Acetylaminofluorene, 2- Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature for OSHA-Regulated Substances ... Acetylaminofluorene, 2-. CAS No: 53-96-3. NOTE:. (1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.. (2) NIOSH references ... Acetylaminofluorene, 2-. Editor(s). /Author(s). Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s). Reference(s). ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0004.html
2-Acetylaminofluorene - Wikipedia2-Acetylaminofluorene - Wikipedia
2-AAF is a substrate for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme, which is a part of a super family found in almost all organisms. This ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in ... The interconversion of amide and amine metabolites of 2-AAF can further occur via the microsomal enzyme deacetylase producing ... The reactive nitrenium, carbonium and arylamidonium ion metabolites of 2-AAF react with the nucleophilic groups in DNA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Acetylaminofluorene
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-AcetylaminofluoreneCDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Acetylaminofluorene
2-AAF, AAF, 2-Acetaminofluorene, N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene, FAA, 2-FAA, 2-Fluorenylacetamide Tan, crystalline powder. ... 2-AAF, AAF, 2-Acetaminofluorene, N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene, FAA, 2-FAA, 2-Fluorenylacetamide ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0007.html
1910.1014 - 2-Acetylaminofluorene. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration1910.1014 - 2-Acetylaminofluorene. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974. Redesignated at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975, and amended at 41 FR 35184, Aug. 20, 1976; 43 FR 49751, Oct. 24, 1978; 45 FR 35282, May 23, 1980; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 58 FR 35310, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996; 61 FR 9227, March 7, 1996]. ...
https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1014
Mutational spectrum induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene.Mutational spectrum induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene.
The spectrum of mutations induced by the carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was analysed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene / toxicity*. Base Sequence. DNA Adducts. DNA Mutational Analysis. DNA, Fungal. Molecular Sequence Data. ... The URA3 gene, carried on a yeast/bacterial shuttle vector, was randomly modified in vitro using N-acetoxy-N-2- ... acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) as a model reactive metabolite of the carcinogen AAF. The binding spectrum of AAF to the URA3 ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Mutational-spectrum-induced-in-Saccharomyces/7845359.html
Reactivity in vivo of the Carcinogen N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene: Increase by Sulfate Ion | ScienceReactivity in vivo of the Carcinogen N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene: Increase by Sulfate Ion | Science
Injections of sulfate ion in rats given the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene increased (i) the formation of 1-and 3-( ... These data provide evidence that the highly reactive ester 2-acetylaminofluorene-N-sulfate, previously suggested as an ultimate ... Reactivity in vivo of the Carcinogen N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene: Increase by Sulfate Ion ... Reactivity in vivo of the Carcinogen N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene: Increase by Sulfate Ion ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/167/3915/184.abstract
Increased Number of β-Adrenoceptors in Hepatocytes from Rats Treated with 2-Acetylaminofluorene | Cancer ResearchIncreased Number of β-Adrenoceptors in Hepatocytes from Rats Treated with 2-Acetylaminofluorene | Cancer Research
Increased Number of β-Adrenoceptors in Hepatocytes from Rats Treated with 2-Acetylaminofluorene. Magne Refsnes, Georg Sager, ... We report that hepatocytes isolated from rats which had been fed 2-AAF (0.025% w/w) for 8-12 weeks had an increased number of β ... For both ligands the number of binding sites was about 4-fold higher in hepatocytes from 2-AAF-treated rats than in those from ... 2 Research fellow of The Norwegian Cancer Society. To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/46/5/2285
The Herbal Compound Diwu Yanggan Modulates Liver Regeneration by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2...The Herbal Compound "Diwu Yanggan" Modulates Liver Regeneration by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2...
Bin-Bin Zhao,1 Han-Min Li,2 Xiang Gao,2 Zhi-Hua Ye,1 and Si-Si Cheng1 ... 2Hepatopathy Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China. ... The Herbal Compound "Diwu Yanggan" Modulates Liver Regeneration by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2- ... Acetylaminofluorene/Partial Hepatectomy Rats. ... by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2- ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2015/468303/cta/
The Herbal Compound Diwu Yanggan Modulates Liver Regeneration by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2...The Herbal Compound "Diwu Yanggan" Modulates Liver Regeneration by Affecting the Hepatic Stem Cell Microenvironment in 2...
2, pp. 90-92, 2013. View at Google Scholar. *H. M. Li, "The theory of tonify kidney producing marrow to be liver in the ... 2, pp. 433-445, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus ... 2-AAF/PH is a hepatic precancerous model, and we found that the precancerous lesions in the vehicle group were more severe than ... Figure 2: DWYG affects hepatic oval cell proliferation in 2-AAF/PH rats. Normal Wistar rats (normal group), sham-operated rats ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2015/468303/
Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular...Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular...
Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular ... acetylaminofluorene (AAF) is compared to the DEN 100 + AAF; eP , 0.05 when DEN 300 + AAF is compared to the DEN 100 + AAF; fP ... Figure 2 Histological and immunohistochemical examination. A-D: Images of liver sections of naive group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE ... Figure 5 Effect of diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene at different doses. A: Relative quantification (RQ) of RAB11A ...
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/figures/v13/i3/328.htm
Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular...Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular...
Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular ... Accepted: March 2, 2021. Article in press: March 2, 2021. Published online: March 27, 2021. ... Core Tip: 2-Acetylaminofluorene epigenetically regulated the expression of long-noncoding RNA RP11-513I15.6/miRNA-1262/miR-1298 ... Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular ...
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/coretip/v13/i3/328.htm
Abnormal Cholesterol Uptake, Storage, and Synthesis in the Livers of 2-Acetylaminofluorene-fed Rats | Cancer ResearchAbnormal Cholesterol Uptake, Storage, and Synthesis in the Livers of 2-Acetylaminofluorene-fed Rats | Cancer Research
Abnormal Cholesterol Uptake, Storage, and Synthesis in the Livers of 2-Acetylaminofluorene-fed Rats. Brian J. Horton, Jeanette ... For the 2 days prior to the assay, all rats also received 5% cholesterol in the diet. ... Abnormal Cholesterol Uptake, Storage, and Synthesis in the Livers of 2-Acetylaminofluorene-fed Rats ... Abnormal Cholesterol Uptake, Storage, and Synthesis in the Livers of 2-Acetylaminofluorene-fed Rats ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/33/6/1301
Monitoring the exposure of rats to 2-acetylaminofluorene by the estimation of mu :: TNO RepositoryMonitoring the exposure of rats to 2-acetylaminofluorene by the estimation of mu :: TNO Repository
Rats · 2-Acetylaminofluorene · DNA adducts · Excreta · Sister-chromatid exchanges Abstract. The sensitivity of various methods ... Mutagenecity in urine and faeces, collected during the first 24 h after treatment, was detected at 2-AAF doses of 1 mg/kg b.w. ... At these doses DNA adducts also became apparent in the liver, the main target organ for tumour induction by 2-AAF. The adduct ... Groups of male Wistar rats were given one oral dose of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 200 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/5 ml dimethyl ...
https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/tno/uuid%3A76353073-f8d7-4709-a23d-f98822e2864c
18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats: Role in hyperproliferation,...18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats: Role in hyperproliferation,...
Administration of 2-AAF at the dose of (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for five consecutive days induces ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) is a known hepatic carcinogen which leads to tumour formation in rodents. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic ... Pretreatment with 18β-GA at two different doses (45 and 75 mg kg(-1) b.w.) significantly ameliorates 2-AAF-induced increased ... This study is designed to elucidate the chemopreventive properties of 18β-GA against 2-AAF-induced liver toxicity in Wistar ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25352648
Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1...Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1...
Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-1- ... or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Antigenotoxic activities of juices from spinach and red beets ... and spices against genotoxicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12438004/
Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocy...Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocy...
Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocytes.: The capacity of lymphocytes from 23 human subjects to ... Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocytes.. Authors * McManus, M E ... The capacity of lymphocytes from 23 human subjects to metabolize the model carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was assessed ...
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/metabolism-2-acetylaminofluorene-cultured-human-lymphocytes-38f61adf
40 CFR Appendix Table 16 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63, Selected Hazardous Air Pollutants | US Law | LII / Legal Information...40 CFR Appendix Table 16 to Subpart XXXX of Part 63, Selected Hazardous Air Pollutants | US Law | LII / Legal Information...
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.. This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].. It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site. ...
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/appendix-Table_16_to_subpart_XXXX_of_part_63
1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.). | Occupational Safety and Health Administration1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.). | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1910.1003(d)(2)(iv) Where an employee has a known contact with a carcinogen addressed by this section, such employee shall be ... 1910.1003(e)(2)(iii) Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in paragraph (e)(2 ... 1910.1003(e)(2)(iv) Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in paragraph (e)(2 ... 1910.1003(a)(2)(ii) Solid or liquid mixtures containing less than 1.0 percent by weight or volume of alpha-Naphthylamine; 3,3- ...
https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1003
42 U.S. Code § 7412 - Hazardous air pollutants | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute42 U.S. Code § 7412 - Hazardous air pollutants | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
2) Area source The term "area source" means any stationary source of hazardous air pollutants that is not a major source. For ... 2) Board of Directors The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center shall be governed by a Board of Directors to be comprised ... 2) Coke oven production technology study (A) The Secretary of the Department of Energy and the Administrator shall jointly ... 2] So in original. Probably should be "effects".. [3] So in original. Probably should be "section".. [4] So in original. ...
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7412
Chapter 296-828 WACChapter 296-828 WAC
2) You must train employees on all of the following:. (a) Methods and observations for detecting the presence or release of ... 2. To get the permissible exposure limits (PELs) for hazardous chemicals used in your laboratory, see chapter 296-841 WAC, ... 2) You must make sure medical evaluations are provided at reasonable times and places, and at no cost to employees. ... 2) You must keep and make available to employees any SDS received with an incoming container of hazardous chemicals. ...
https://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=296-828&full=true
Tocotrienols | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural MedicineTocotrienols | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine
Tocotrienols inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats.Apr 01, 1991. ... reduces hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage through regulation of insulin signaling and oxidative stress in type 2 ...
https://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/tocotrienols
ATSDR-PHA-HC-Isla de Vieques Bombing Range, Vieques, Puerto RicoATSDR-PHA-HC-Isla de Vieques Bombing Range, Vieques, Puerto Rico
Florida Tanks (2). Florida. Public water supply tank owned by PRASA. Puerto Rico DOH. June 1999a. ... Table B-2.. Sampling Summary of Groundwater Wells on Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico. Name. Location. Use. Sampling Agency. ... Well 2-3. Martineau. Remote well used by the public when water supply is interrupted. United States Environmental Protection ... 4-A-DNT was not measured directly, but was considered by Hoffsommer and Glover (1978) to be present at the same levels as 2-A- ...
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/reports/isladevieques_10162001pr/appendices.html
Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis through Overexpression of Glutathione...Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis through Overexpression of Glutathione...
Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis through Overexpression of Glutathione S - ...
https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_jf9017788
NAVER Academic | The detection of gene mutation in transgenic mice (MutaTMMouse) following a single oral dose of 2...NAVER Academic | The detection of gene mutation in transgenic mice (MutaTMMouse) following a single oral dose of 2...
As part of a validation study, 2-acetylaminofluorene was administered as a single oral dose of either 50 or 100 mg/kg. The mice ... As part of a validation study, 2-acetylaminofluorene was administered as a single oral dose of either 50 or 100 mg/kg. The mice ... The detection of gene mutation in transgenic mice (MutaTMMouse) following a single oral dose of 2-acetylaminofluorene. Author. ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene, administration & dosage, pharmacology, Administration, Oral, Animals, Liver, drug effects, physiology, ...
https://academic.naver.com/article.naver?doc_id=139576518
Ethanol extract of Phellinus merrillii protects against diethylnitrosamine- and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced...Ethanol extract of Phellinus merrillii protects against diethylnitrosamine- and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced...
Full text: Available Index: WPRIM (Western Pacific) Main subject: Pharmacology / 2-Acetylaminofluorene / Rats / Basidiomycota ... Ethanol extract of Phellinus merrillii protects against diethylnitrosamine- and 2-acetylam Ethanol extract of Phellinus ... 2-Acetylaminofluorene , Animals , Basidiomycota , Chemistry , Carcinogenesis , Cytoprotection , Diethylnitrosamine , Ethanol , ... 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and partial hepatectomy (PH)-promoted liver carcinogenesis in rats was evaluated. Basic ...
https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wprim-301045
The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, as well as - Calcipotriol induces the...The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, as well as - Calcipotriol induces the...
Trp-P-2 was improved in animals suffering from hepatitis B trojan infection. Rabbit Polyclonal to SLC6A6 This improved fat ... The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, as well as. categories: Main ... The aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene (2AF), 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 2-aminoanthracene, as well as the heterocyclic amines 2- ... Trp-P-2) were activated by rat liver cytosolic fractions to create mutagenic metabolites in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 ...
https://calcipotriol.net/the-aromatic-amines-2-aminofluorene-2af-2-acetylaminofluorene-and-2-aminoanthracene-as-well-as/
Nucleotide excision repair of 2-acetylaminofluorene- and 2-aminofluorene-(C8)-guanine adducts: molecular dynamics simulations...Nucleotide excision repair of 2-acetylaminofluorene- and 2-aminofluorene-(C8)-guanine adducts: molecular dynamics simulations...
The NER efficiencies in human HeLa cell extracts of these lesions are significantly different when placed at G1, G2 or G3 in ... The NER efficiencies in human HeLa cell extracts of these lesions are significantly different when placed at G1, G2 or G3 in ... An example is the pair of N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF) and N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2- ... acetylaminofluorene (dG-C8-AAF) adducts that differ by a single acetyl group. ...
https://oxfordindex.oup.com/abstract/10.1093/nar/gks788?rskey=N9oTCM&result=61
Z-DNA conformation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) determined by reactivity with anti cytidine...Z-DNA conformation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) determined by reactivity with anti cytidine...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Z-DNA conformation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) ... Z-DNA conformation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) determined by reactivity with anti cytidine ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/z-dna-conformation-of-n-2-acetylaminofluorene-modified-polydg-dcp/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Polbase - Reference: Crystal structures of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene in complex with T7 DNA polymerase reveal...Polbase - Reference: Crystal structures of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene in complex with T7 DNA polymerase reveal...
Crystal structures of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene in complex with T7 DNA polymerase reveal mechanisms of ... The carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene forms two major DNA adducts: ... The carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene forms two major DNA ... Crystal structures of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene in complex with T7 DNA polymerase reveal mechanisms of ... 2-aminofluorene (dG-AF). Although the dG-AAF and dG-AF adducts are distinguished only by the presence or absence of an acetyl ...
https://polbase.neb.com/references/892
Oxidative biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in fetal and placental tissues of humans and monkeys. Correlations with...Oxidative biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in fetal and placental tissues of humans and monkeys. Correlations with...
Kinetic evidence for the involvement of multiple forms of human liver cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of acetylaminofluorene ... Metabolic processing of 2-acetylaminofluorene by microsomes and six highly purified cytochrome P-450 forms from rabbit liver. ( ... Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo(a)pyrene and activation of food-derived heterocyclic amine mutagens by human ... Oxidative biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in fetal and placental tissues of humans and monkeys. Correlations with ...
https://www.meta.org/papers/oxidative-biotransformation-of-2-acetylaminofluore/1224
RatsCarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluoreneCarcinogensAdductsLiverMetabolismHepatic damageToxicityHepatocarcinogenesisCarcinogenicMetabolitesEthylAcetamideCarcinogenesisBiotransformationReductaseSulfotransferaseDiethylnitrosamineGenotoxicityReactive metaboliteNucleotideVitroProbesTumorFormaldehydeEnzymesEpithelial cellsMetabolicSensitivityDerivativesProteinExtractsMechanismMutagenicCytochromeSubstanceCompoundsInductionAssayMechanisms of MutagenesisNIOSHEfficacyIncreases
Rats25
  • Injections of sulfate ion in rats given the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene increased (i) the formation of 1-and 3-(methion-S-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene bound to protein in the liver, (ii) the formation of fluorenyl derivatives bound to total protein, ribosomal RNA, and DNA in the liver, and (iii) the toxicity of the carcinogen. (sciencemag.org)
  • Treatment of rats with chemical carcinogens, including 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), leads to a strong increase in the hepatic catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We report that hepatocytes isolated from rats which had been fed 2-AAF (0.025% w/w) for 8-12 weeks had an increased number of β-adrenoceptors, as determined by [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol binding to whole cells and [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol binding to washed particles. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For both ligands the number of binding sites was about 4-fold higher in hepatocytes from 2-AAF-treated rats than in those from controls. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To investigate the effects of DWYG on oval cell proliferation in 2-AAF/PH rats and determine its mechanism. (hindawi.com)
  • DWYG significantly increased the survival rates of 2-AAF/PH rats and promoted liver regeneration. (hindawi.com)
  • Hasanin AH, Habib EK, El Gayar N, Matboli M. Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular study. (wjgnet.com)
  • E-H: HE images of liver sections of rats that received diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and different doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and were sacrificed at week 10. (wjgnet.com)
  • I-P: HE liver sections of rats that received DEN and different doses of 2-AAF sacrificed at week 16, show larger, well discriminated, less differentiated dysplastic nodules compressing the surrounding liver tissue with disruption of hepatic lobular architecture were observed. (wjgnet.com)
  • Rat livers were tested for both rate of cholesterol synthesis and uptake of a p.o. dose of cholesterol- 3 H after rats were fed 0.06% 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) for either 1 or 2 weeks. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For the 2 days prior to the assay, all rats also received 5% cholesterol in the diet. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Groups of male Wistar rats were given one oral dose of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 200 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/5 ml dimethyl sulphoxide/kg body weight. (tudelft.nl)
  • 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats: Role in hyperproliferation, inflammation and oxidative stress. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This study is designed to elucidate the chemopreventive properties of 18β-GA against 2-AAF-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and evaluated its effect on inflammatory and tumour promotion marker and activities of different oxidative stress enzymes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Using the Solt and Farber protocol in a rat model of hepatocarcinogenesis, the chemopreventive effect of EPM on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, 2-acetylaminofluorene ( 2-AAF ) and partial hepatectomy ( PH )-promoted liver carcinogenesis in rats was evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • in rats treated according to the resistant hepatocyte model (RH model) occurs during selection/promotion of diethylnitrosamine-initiated cells with dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and partial hepatectomy (PH). (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Mitoinhibition during treatment with 2-AAF was shown to be more pronounced in liver from male than from female rats, both in initiated and non-initiated animals. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Protective action of stock diets against the cancer-inducing action of 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats. (nih.gov)
  • Influence of diet on the relative incidence of eye, mammary, ear-duct, and liver tumors in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. (nih.gov)
  • Dose-Dependency of 2-Acetylaminofluorene Binding to Liver DNA and Hemoglobin in Mice and Rats. (epa.gov)
  • The carcinogenic activity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in mice and rats has been accurately described so that it is a suitable archetypical chemical for investigations of parameters of cross-species variation. (epa.gov)
  • EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INTAKE BIOLOGICAL DATA Biochemical aspects Absorption, distribution and excretion Rats Groups of 5 male and 5 female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with either low single doses of 2 mg/kg b.w. or high single doses of 105 mg/kg b.w. (males) or 10 mg/kg b.w. (females) of 14 C-ethion (98.4% pure, labelled in the methylene position). (inchem.org)
  • Five additional male and female rats were dosed orally for 14 days with 2 mg/kg b.w./day of non-labelled ethion before the administration on day 15 of an equal single dose of 14 C-ethion. (inchem.org)
  • In two studies in rats initiated with 2-acetylaminofluorene or 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene, there was no promoting effect of diazepam. (inchem.org)
  • Rats were treated with 50 mg/kg body weight of TA against LA-induced oxidative stress 3 times/week for 2 weeks. (begellhouse.com)
Carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene2
  • The capacity of lymphocytes from 23 human subjects to metabolize the model carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was assessed. (mysciencework.com)
  • The carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene forms two major DNA adducts: N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dG-AAF) and its deacetylated derivative, N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-AF). (neb.com)
Carcinogens3
  • This section applies to any area in which the 13 carcinogens addressed by this section are manufactured, processed, repackaged, released, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment in sealed containers, except for the labeling requirements under paragraphs (e)(2), (3) and (4) of this section. (osha.gov)
  • Some of the major conceptual advances in chemical carcinogenesis made during the past several years have been (1) the discovery of the enzymatic activation of procarcinogens to reactive ultimate carcinogens, (2) the characterization of interactions of the active metabolites of many carcinogens with a variety of tissue nucleophiles including DNA, RNA, and protein, and (3)the development of model systems for a sequential analysis of the initiation phase of carcinogenesis. (springer.com)
  • Both proteins have molecular masses of 56 kDa and are active towards hydroxylated metabolites of the carcinogens, benzo(alpha)pyrene and 2-acetylaminofluorene. (nih.gov)
Adducts5
  • At these doses DNA adducts also became apparent in the liver, the main target organ for tumour induction by 2-AAF. (tudelft.nl)
  • It was concluded that levels of 2-AAF which induce DNA adducts in the liver result in excretion of measurable amounts of mutagenic activity in urine and faeces but not in DNA adduct formation or an increased incidence of SCEs in lymphocytes. (tudelft.nl)
  • An example is the pair of N -(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF) and N -(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dG-C8-AAF) adducts that differ by a single acetyl group. (oup.com)
  • Effect of acetylated and deacetylated 2-aminofluorene adducts on in vitro DNA synthesis. (springer.com)
  • Effect of culture conditions, cell type, and species of origin on the distribution of acetylated and deacetylated deoxyguanosine C)8 adducts of CCNDD-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. (springer.com)
Liver5
  • These data provide evidence that the highly reactive ester 2-acetylaminofluorene-N-sulfate, previously suggested as an ultimate reactive and carcinogenic metabolite of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, is formed in the rat liver in vivo. (sciencemag.org)
  • In the 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) model, hepatocyte proliferation is efficiently suppressed, which forces liver regeneration to depend on oval cell proliferation and differentiation [ 3 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • I: shows the effect of DEN and 2-AAF at different doses on GSTP foci % area in the liver. (wjgnet.com)
  • EPM showed a strong liver preventive effect against DEN+ 2-AAF + PH -induced hepatocarcinogenesis in a rat model. (bvsalud.org)
  • The conversion of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide to o-amidophenols by rat liver in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism5
  • Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocy. (mysciencework.com)
  • Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured human lymphocytes. (mysciencework.com)
  • Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in the Chinese hamster ovary cell mutation assay. (springer.com)
  • The results of the study supported a pharmacokinetic model that related the metabolism of 2-AAF to reactive metabolites to the binding of the metabolite to DNA and hemoglobin. (epa.gov)
  • Malignant cells may also counteract the cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effects of therapeutic agents via amplification of proliferation and survival signals, increased DNA damage repair, and altered drug metabolism ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Hepatic damage1
  • Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves against 2-acetylaminofluorene induced hepatic damage. (greenmedinfo.com)
Toxicity2
  • Administration of 2-AAF at the dose of (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for five consecutive days induces hepatic toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and hyperproliferation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The results revealed significantly greater inhibition of growth of breast cancer cells by co-treatment with 5-aza 2′ dC and EGCG compared to individual treatments, whereas it has no significant toxicity to MCF-10A cells. (springer.com)
Hepatocarcinogenesis1
  • Dynamic alterations of Wnt3a levels were detected in the hepatocarcinogenesis model induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene. (jcancer.org)
Carcinogenic2
  • 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF, 2-AAF) is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-carcinogenic structural isomer of carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide. (nih.gov)
Metabolites3
  • The interconversion of amide and amine metabolites of 2-AAF can further occur via the microsomal enzyme deacetylase producing the N-hydroxy metabolite of the amine derivative. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reactive nitrenium, carbonium and arylamidonium ion metabolites of 2-AAF react with the nucleophilic groups in DNA, proteins and endogenous thiols like glutathione. (wikipedia.org)
  • UGT1A8 was most active towards the 10- and 11-hydroxy benzo(alpha)pyrenes and the preferred 2-acetylaminofluorene metabolites were the 1-, 2-, and 8-hydroxy derivatives. (nih.gov)
Ethyl1
  • The test chemical 2-({4-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl}diazenyl)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium acetate(84051-87-6) did not induce gene mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strains used in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence it is not likely to be mutagenic in vitro. (europa.eu)
Acetamide1
  • In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)- N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice. (amedeo.com)
Carcinogenesis1
  • The results indicate that the number of hepatocyte β-adrenoceptors increases during 2-AAF carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
Biotransformation1
  • Oxidative biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in fetal and placental tissues of humans and monkeys. (meta.org)
Reductase2
  • In enzymology, a N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase (EC 1.7.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+ The 4 substrates of this enzyme are 2-acetamidofluorene, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene, NADH, NADPH, and H+. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other names in common use include N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase, and NAD(P)H:N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene N-oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfotransferase1
  • Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, genetically engineered for the expression of rat cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase 1A2 and rat sulfotransferase 1C1 (V79-rCYP1A2-rSULT1C1 cells), were utilized to check for possible protective effects of beverages of plant origin, fruits, vegetables, and spices against genotoxicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). (nih.gov)
Diethylnitrosamine1
  • Incubation of postmitochondrial supernatant with 0.2 mM-diethylnitrosamine or N-2-acetylaminofluorene removed approx. (biochemj.org)
Genotoxicity1
  • Although the contribution of GSTM1 genotype is less clear, our finding suggests that functional polymorphisms in key metabolic genes do affect induction of gene mutations at the HPRT locus and at least the NAT2 genotype plays a critical role in determining the susceptibility of human cells to genotoxicity of 2-NF. (omicsonline.org)
Reactive metabolite1
  • The URA3 gene, carried on a yeast/bacterial shuttle vector, was randomly modified in vitro using N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) as a model reactive metabolite of the carcinogen AAF. (biomedsearch.com)
Nucleotide1
  • 2. The DNA of claim 1, consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. (google.com)
Vitro3
  • The mixed-function oxidation of 14C-labled 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was investigated in placental and fetal tissues of humans and monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) in vitro. (meta.org)
  • The read-across source, Hydroxypropyl, 2-, trimethylammonium formate-toxic to human lymphocytes and did not induce any statistically significant increases in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations, using a dose range that included a dose level that was the maximum recommended dose level and can be considered to be non-clastogenic to human lymphocytes in vitro. (europa.eu)
  • We conducted an in vitro study that clearly demonstrates that functional impact of common polymorphisms in the metabolic genes, such as N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), can be easily reflected in mutant induction in the gene coding for hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) in T-lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. (omicsonline.org)
Probes1
  • The DNA probes were labeled with 2-acetylaminofluorene. (sciencemag.org)
Tumor1
  • The influence of dietary casein level on tumor induction with 2-acetylaminofluorene. (nih.gov)
Formaldehyde1
  • DNA Sequence Analysis of Methylene Chloride-Induced HPRT Mutations in CHO Cells: Comparison with the Mutation Spectrum Obtained for 1,2-Dibromoethane and Formaldehyde. (epa.gov)
Enzymes1
  • Pretreatment with 18β-GA at two different doses (45 and 75 mg kg(-1) b.w.) significantly ameliorates 2-AAF-induced increased lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, xanthine oxidase activities and activities of phase-II detoxifying enzymes along with the levels of glutathione content. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Epithelial cells1
  • Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB 231) and non-tumorigenic MCF-10A breast epithelial cells were treated with either 5-aza 2′ dC, EGCG, or their combination for 7 days. (springer.com)
Metabolic1
  • NAT2 is involved in the metabolic activation of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF) to the known aromatic amide carcinogen N-acetyl- 2-aminofluorene. (omicsonline.org)
Sensitivity1
  • Among these mutants there is currently a direct correlation between sensitivity to HN2, sensitivity to 2-acetylaminofluorene and a deficiency in post-replication repair (Boyd and Setlow 1976). (genetics.org)
Derivatives1
  • UGT1A10 was most active towards the 11- and 12-hydroxybenzo(alpha)pyrenes and the 1- and 3-hydroxy derivatives of 2-acetylaminofluorene. (nih.gov)
Protein1
  • Differential activation of stress-activated protein kinase kinases SKK4/MKK7 and SKK1/MKK4 by the mixed-lineage kinase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) kinase-1. (wikipathways.org)
Extracts1
  • The NER efficiencies in human HeLa cell extracts of these lesions are significantly different when placed at G 1 , G 2 or G 3 in the duplex sequence (5′-CTCG 1 G 2 CG 3 CCATC-3′) containing the Nar I mutational hot spot. (oup.com)
Mechanism1
  • Findings of this study suggest that potentiation of growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by 5-aza 2′ dC and EGCG combination treatment, at least in part, is mediated by epigenetic mechanism. (springer.com)
Mutagenic2
  • A dose-related increase (at least 2-fold) in revertant colonies was used to define a statistically significant mutagenic response. (europa.eu)
  • Hydroxypropyl, N-2-, N,N,N-trimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of the Ames Bacterial Reverse Mutation assay (Ames test). (europa.eu)
Cytochrome2
  • 2-AAF is a substrate for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme, which is a part of a super family found in almost all organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, genistein increased the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and destroying mitochondria integrity. (mdpi.com)
Substance1
  • 1) 'Hazardous air pollutant' means a substance listed in Section 2 of this administrative regulation. (ky.gov)
Compounds1
  • Five of these six compounds are hydroxylated compounds, and the other is N -acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. (aspetjournals.org)
Induction2
  • We obtained a clear dose-related increase in the HPRT mutant frequency after treating mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes isolated from a normal blood donor with 2-NF (up to 5 fold at 400 μg/mL, 24h exposure), while no HPRT mutant induction was observed using cells from another blood donor. (omicsonline.org)
  • Further investigations revealed that induction of AS expression by arginine depletion involves the positive transcription regulator c-Myc and negative regulator HIF-1α, which recognize the E-box in collaboration with Sp4, which recognizes the GC-box at the AS promoter in A2058 and SK-MEL-2 cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Assay2
  • The spectrum of mutations induced by the carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was analysed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a forward mutation assay, namely the inactivation of the URA3 gene. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The cytotoxic activity of the synthesised nanogold studied against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed significant activity at higher concentration. (bireme.br)
Mechanisms of Mutagenesis1
  • Reference: Crystal structures of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene in complex with T7 DNA polymerase reveal mechanisms of mutagenesis. (neb.com)
NIOSH1
  • 2) NIOSH references include diagnostic, screening, and other tests. (cdc.gov)
Efficacy2
  • A copy of the S9 Certificates of Efficacy are presented in Appendix 2. (europa.eu)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of non-toxic, low dose of 5-aza 2′ dC with EGCG, on growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. (springer.com)
Increases1
  • DWYG increases 2-AAF/PH rat survival rates, suppresses hepatic precarcinoma changes, and restores hepatic tissue structure and function. (hindawi.com)
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