2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Herbicides
Biodegradation, Environmental
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Alcaligenes
Naphthaleneacetic Acids
Cupriavidus necator
Delftia acidovorans
Indoleacetic Acids
Plant Growth Regulators
Soil Microbiology
Soil Pollutants
Pesticides
Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Gravitropism
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a type of synthetic auxin, which is a plant growth regulator. It is a white crystalline powder with a sour taste and mild characteristic odor. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone, and has a melting point of 130-140°C.
2,4-D is a widely used herbicide that is primarily used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of settings, including agriculture, lawns, and golf courses. It works by mimicking the natural plant hormone auxin, which causes uncontrolled growth in susceptible plants leading to their death.
In medicine, 2,4-D has been used experimentally as a cytotoxic agent for the treatment of cancer, but its use is not widespread due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. It is important to handle this chemical with care, as it can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects.
Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.
Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.
It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is a synthetic auxin, which is a type of plant hormone. It is often used as a herbicide to control broadleaf weeds in crops such as corn and wheat. It works by causing uncontrolled growth in the targeted plants, ultimately leading to their death. It is important to note that this compound is not typically used in human medicine.
Environmental biodegradation is the breakdown of materials, especially man-made substances such as plastics and industrial chemicals, by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in order to use them as a source of energy or nutrients. This process occurs naturally in the environment and helps to break down organic matter into simpler compounds that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by living organisms.
Biodegradation in the environment is influenced by various factors, including the chemical composition of the substance being degraded, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, moisture, and pH), and the type and abundance of microorganisms present. Some substances are more easily biodegraded than others, and some may even be resistant to biodegradation altogether.
Biodegradation is an important process for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment. However, some man-made substances, such as certain types of plastics and industrial chemicals, may persist in the environment for long periods of time due to their resistance to biodegradation, leading to negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing biodegradable materials that can break down more easily in the environment as a way to reduce waste and minimize environmental harm. These efforts have led to the development of various biodegradable plastics, coatings, and other materials that are designed to degrade under specific environmental conditions.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) is a synthetic auxin, or plant growth regulator, that has been used as an herbicide. It was a component of Agent Orange, which was used as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. 2,4,5-T has been banned in many countries due to concerns about its toxicity and potential health effects.
It is important to note that exposure to 2,4,5-T has been linked to various health issues, including developmental and reproductive problems, as well as an increased risk of cancer. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
It's also important to note that 2,4,5-T is not used in medical field, it's mainly used as herbicide and defoliant.
'Alcaligenes' is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that are commonly found in soil, water, and the respiratory and intestinal tracts of animals. These bacteria are capable of using a variety of organic compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. Some species of Alcaligenes have been known to cause opportunistic infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. However, they are not considered major human pathogens.
The name 'Alcaligenes' comes from the Latin word "alcali," meaning "alkali," and the Greek word "genos," meaning "kind" or "race." This is because many species of Alcaligenes can grow in alkaline environments with a pH above 7.
It's worth noting that while Alcaligenes species are not typically harmful to healthy individuals, they may be resistant to certain antibiotics and can cause serious infections in people with compromised immune systems. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to consider the possibility of Alcaligenes infection in patients who are at risk and to choose appropriate antibiotic therapy based on laboratory testing.
Naphthaleneacetic acids (NAAs) are a type of synthetic auxin, which is a plant hormone that promotes growth and development. Specifically, NAAs are derivatives of naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, with a carboxylic acid group attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring structure.
NAAs are commonly used in horticulture and agriculture as plant growth regulators. They can stimulate rooting in cuttings, promote fruit set and growth, and inhibit vegetative growth. NAAs can also be used in plant tissue culture to regulate cell division and differentiation.
In medical terms, NAAs are not typically used as therapeutic agents. However, they have been studied for their potential use in cancer therapy due to their ability to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Some research has suggested that NAAs may be able to inhibit the growth of certain types of cancer cells, although more studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the safety and efficacy of NAAs as a cancer treatment.
"Cupriavidus necator" (formerly known as "Ralstonia eutropha") is a species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is commonly found in soil and water environments. It is a versatile organism capable of using various organic compounds as carbon and energy sources for growth. One notable characteristic of this bacterium is its ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, making it an important player in the global nitrogen cycle. Additionally, "Cupriavidus necator" has gained attention in recent years due to its potential use in bioremediation, as well as its ability to produce hydrogen and other valuable chemicals through metabolic engineering.
Chlorobenzoates are a group of chemical compounds that consist of a benzene ring substituted with one or more chlorine atoms and a carboxylate group. They are derivatives of benzoic acid, where one or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring have been replaced by chlorine atoms.
Chlorobenzoates can be found in various industrial applications, such as solvents, plasticizers, and pesticides. Some chlorobenzoates also have medical uses, for example, as antimicrobial agents or as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
However, some chlorobenzoates can be toxic and harmful to the environment, so their use is regulated in many countries. It's important to handle and dispose of these substances properly to minimize potential health and environmental risks.
Herbicide resistance is a genetically acquired trait in weeds that allows them to survive and reproduce following exposure to doses of herbicides that would normally kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible plants. It is a result of natural selection where weed populations with genetic variability are exposed to herbicides, leading to the survival and reproduction of individuals with resistance traits. Over time, this can lead to an increase in the proportion of resistant individuals within the population, making it harder to control weeds using that particular herbicide or group of herbicides.
"Delftia acidovorans" is a species of gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria that is commonly found in various environments such as soil, water, and clinical settings. It is a rod-shaped bacterium that is known to be able to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants.
In clinical settings, "Delftia acidovorans" has been isolated from various types of human infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. However, it is considered to be a rare cause of infection, and its clinical significance is not well understood.
It's worth noting that the genus "Delftia" was previously classified as part of the genus "Comamonas," but was reclassified based on genetic and biochemical evidence. Therefore, some older literature may refer to this bacterium as "Comamonas acidovorans."
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is not exactly a medical term, but rather a scientific term used in the field of biochemistry and physiology. It is a type of auxin, which is a plant hormone that regulates various growth and development processes in plants. IAA is the most abundant and best-studied natural auxin.
Medically, indole-3-acetic acid may be mentioned in the context of certain medical conditions or treatments related to plants or plant-derived substances. For example, some research has investigated the potential use of IAA in promoting wound healing in plants or in agricultural applications. However, it is not a substance that is typically used in medical treatment for humans or animals.
Chlorophenols are a group of chemical compounds that consist of a phenol ring substituted with one or more chlorine atoms. They are widely used as pesticides, disinfectants, and preservatives. Some common examples of chlorophenols include pentachlorophenol, trichlorophenol, and dichlorophenol.
Chlorophenols can be harmful to human health and the environment. They have been linked to a variety of adverse health effects, including skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, damage to the liver and kidneys, and an increased risk of cancer. Exposure to chlorophenols can occur through contact with contaminated soil, water, or air, as well as through ingestion or absorption through the skin.
It is important to handle chlorophenols with care and to follow proper safety precautions when using them. If you are concerned about exposure to chlorophenols, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare professional for further guidance.
Glycolates are a type of chemical compound that contain the group COOCH2, which is derived from glycolic acid. In a medical context, glycolates are often used in dental and medical materials as they can be biodegradable and biocompatible. For example, they may be used in controlled-release drug delivery systems or in bone cement. However, it's important to note that some glycolate compounds can also be toxic if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body in large amounts.
Propanil is not a medical term, but a pesticide. It's a type of herbicide used to control weed growth in crops such as rice. Propanil works by inhibiting the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which is essential for the production of chlorophyll in plants. This leads to the death of the plant cells and ultimately the death of the weed.
However, it's important to note that exposure to propanil can have harmful effects on humans and other animals. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to more serious health problems such as damage to the nervous system and internal organs. Therefore, it is essential to follow proper safety precautions when handling this chemical.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural or synthetic chemical substances that, when present in low concentrations, can influence various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. These processes include cell division, elongation, and differentiation; flowering and fruiting; leaf senescence; and stress responses. PGRs can be classified into several categories based on their mode of action and chemical structure, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and others. They are widely used in agriculture to improve crop yield and quality, regulate plant growth and development, and enhance stress tolerance.
I apologize, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. "Soil microbiology" is not a medical term; rather, it is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms in soil. It involves understanding the diversity, ecology, and biochemistry of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and other microscopic life forms found in soil. This field has applications in agriculture, environmental science, and waste management but is not directly related to medical definitions or human health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil pollutants" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Soil pollution refers to the presence or accumulation of hazardous substances, chemicals, or other pollutants in soil that can have negative effects on plant life, human health, and the environment.
However, if you're asking about potential health effects of exposure to soil pollutants, it could include a variety of symptoms or diseases, depending on the specific pollutant. For example, exposure to lead-contaminated soil can lead to developmental delays in children, while exposure to certain pesticides or industrial chemicals can cause neurological problems, respiratory issues, and even cancer.
If you have more specific information about a particular substance or context, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.
Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests. Pests can be insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or other organisms that can cause damage to crops, animals, or humans and their living conditions. The term "pesticide" includes all of the following: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, bactericides, and various other substances used to control pests.
It is important to note that while pesticides are designed to be toxic to the target pests, they can also pose risks to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is essential to follow all label instructions and safety precautions when handling and applying pesticides.
Plant somatic embryogenesis techniques refer to the scientific methods used to induce and produce embryos from plant somatic cells, which are not involved in sexual reproduction. These techniques involve the culture of isolated plant cells or tissues on nutrient-rich media under controlled conditions that promote embryo development. The resulting embryos can be germinated into plants, which are genetically identical to the parent plant, a process known as clonal propagation.
Somatic embryogenesis techniques have various applications in plant biotechnology, including large-scale propagation of elite varieties, genetic transformation, and cryopreservation of plant genetic resources. The ability to produce embryos from somatic cells also has potential implications for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of plant development and evolution.
Gram-negative aerobic bacteria are a type of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method, which is a technique used to differentiate bacterial species based on their cell wall composition. These bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), making them resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants. They are called aerobic because they require oxygen for their growth and metabolism. Examples of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These bacteria can cause various infections in humans, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis.
Mixed Function Oxygenases (MFOs) are a type of enzyme that catalyze the addition of one atom each from molecular oxygen (O2) to a substrate, while reducing the other oxygen atom to water. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs, carcinogens, and environmental pollutants.
MFOs are primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells and consist of two subunits: a flavoprotein component that contains FAD or FMN as a cofactor, and an iron-containing heme protein. The most well-known example of MFO is cytochrome P450, which is involved in the oxidation of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds such as steroids, fatty acids, and vitamins.
MFOs can catalyze a variety of reactions, including hydroxylation, epoxidation, dealkylation, and deamination, among others. These reactions often lead to the activation or detoxification of xenobiotics, making MFOs an important component of the body's defense system against foreign substances. However, in some cases, these reactions can also produce reactive intermediates that may cause toxicity or contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer.
Gravitropism is the growth or movement of a plant in response to gravity. It is a type of tropism, which is the growth or movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. In gravitropism, plant cells can sense the direction of gravity and grow or bend towards or away from it. Roots typically exhibit positive gravitropism, growing downwards in response to gravity, while shoots exhibit negative gravitropism, growing upwards against gravity. This growth pattern helps plants establish themselves in their environment and optimize their access to resources such as water and light.
Oxygenases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the incorporation of molecular oxygen (O2) into their substrates. They play crucial roles in various biological processes, including the biosynthesis of many natural products, as well as the detoxification and degradation of xenobiotics (foreign substances).
There are two main types of oxygenases: monooxygenases and dioxygenases. Monooxygenases introduce one atom of molecular oxygen into a substrate while reducing the other to water. An example of this type of enzyme is cytochrome P450, which is involved in drug metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis. Dioxygenases, on the other hand, incorporate both atoms of molecular oxygen into their substrates, often leading to the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds or the cleavage of existing ones.
It's important to note that while oxygenases are essential for many life-sustaining processes, they can also contribute to the production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal cellular metabolism. An imbalance in ROS levels can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cells and tissues, which has been linked to various diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Lindane
TauD protein domain
Tetrachlorophenol
Variovorax paradoxus
Horizontal gene transfer
Trichlorophenol
Rainbow Herbicides
Chromotropic acid
Scopolin
Somatic embryogenesis
Toll-like receptor 4
Scopoletin glucosyltransferase
Marsilea minuta
Pesticide application
Botany
Pontederia crassipes
Hericium erinaceus
Daphne Osborne
Triethylamine
WELL Building Standard
Agricultural chemistry
Cyperus rotundus
Rice
Aspergillus penicillioides
Pesticide
Tribulus terrestris
Centaurea iberica
Pollution-induced community tolerance
Herbicide
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - Wikipedia
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Evidence for interspecies gene transfer in the evolution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degraders
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) CASRN 94-75-7 | DTXSID0020442 | IRIS | US EPA, ORD
ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN PLANT RESPONSE TO SUBLETHAL DOSES OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID,
Does 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induce flowering in sweet potato? | African Journal of Biotechnology
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | C8H6Cl2O3 | ChemSpider
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IR and Raman spectra | Vibratist
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid BioReagent, cell culture plant 7084-86-8
Chemicals in the National Exposure Report | CDC
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Fruit Development and Fruit Quality of Wax Apple
Toxicokinetic Evaluation (S0546) of 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DTXSID0020442) in Rat, Mouse and Hamster | Chemical...
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution (2,4-D) is really a synthetic auxin utilized being - Selective Inhibitors of HDAC...
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The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
Cross-border Movement of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material Regulations
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Human Gene RPL22 (ENST00000497965.5) from GENCODE V44
Acetic acid13
- William Templeman found that when indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the naturally occurring auxin, was used at high concentrations, it could stop plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) belonging to the herbicide group, which is among the numerous pesticides used today, is widely used to control weeds due to its low cost and good selectivity. (niscair.res.in)
- In order to offer an alternative to this environmental problem, the effect of activated carbon obtained by chemical activation from pyrolysis biochar on 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid removal from aqueous solutions has been investigated. (niscair.res.in)
- The activated carbon obtained from biochar has been observed to have a high adsorption capacity compared to adsorbent materials obtained from many other raw materials for the removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. (niscair.res.in)
- M. Qamar, M. Muneer, Comparative photocatalytic study of two selected pesticide derivatives, indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide, J. Hazard. (deswater.com)
- Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is one of the most important halogenated derivatives of acetic acid. (spglobal.com)
- Ninety percent of the isolates produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and all of them possess at least one of the PGP traits tested. (frontiersin.org)
- The best response for shoot regeneration was observed on B5 medium containing 0.1 mg L -1 α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 4 mg L -1 Kinetin (Kin). (scialert.net)
- 15-20% acetic acid solutions are more effective. (the-organic-gardener.com)
- And citric acid is about 42 times stronger than acetic acid *1 . (the-organic-gardener.com)
- In May 2002 PennState College of Agricultural Sciences found acetic acid gave over 90% control within 24 hours of application. (the-organic-gardener.com)
- With 3 treatments of 20% acetic acid, control remained above 90% even after 9 weeks (I assume this meant little re-growth & not reduced germination. (the-organic-gardener.com)
- When stacked, the traits produce soybean lines that are resistant to the herbicides ALS (acetolactate synthase), glyphosate, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. (isaaa.org)
Herbicide27
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3 which is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. It is a systemic herbicide which kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected. (wikipedia.org)
- Over 1,500 herbicide products contain 2,4-D as an active ingredient. (wikipedia.org)
- Within a year after the war ended, 2,4-D was commercially released as an herbicide to control broadleaf weeds in grain crops such as rice and wheat, and in the 1950s it was registered in the United States to control size and enhance skin color in potatoes without affecting yields. (wikipedia.org)
- The first publication of 2,4-D's use as a selective herbicide came in 1944. (wikipedia.org)
- Sec 7.1 2,4-D is one of the ingredients in Agent Orange, an herbicide that was widely used during the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War. (wikipedia.org)
- 2,4-D is the active ingredient in many products used in the United States and throughout the world as an herbicide to kill weeds on land and in the water. (cdc.gov)
- 2-4 D has been much used since mid-1940, its primary use is as a selective herbicide which kills many terrestrial and aquatic broad leaf weeds in pastures, orchards, and cereal crops such as corn, oats, rice, and wheat, it is widely used because it's the cheapest way for farmers to control winter annual weeds by spraying in the fall, often at the lowest recommended rate. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- Some food like oils, fats, and sugars can be contaminated by this herbicide, a series of studies have shown that people who consume this type of food that has been contaminated with 2-4D, have an increased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and other malignant tumors. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- 2) To Spray the herbicide when wind speed does not exceed 6 to 7 mph. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- Add 2 to 3 tablespoons of 2,4-D herbicide. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- 7)Avoid the treated area until the 2,4-D herbicide has dried completely. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- 2,4-D is also a widely used herbicide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4-D ) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. (bvsalud.org)
- Sperm quality was impaired to 2,4-D . The percentage of sperm with progressive movement , number of sperm in the testis and daily sperm production were decreased in all exposed groups to the herbicide compared to CG. (bvsalud.org)
- This is the first study to describe the negative impact on male reproductive morphophysiology after chronic exposure to 2,4-D using food nebulization in environmentally relevant concentrations, based on agronomic use of the herbicide . (bvsalud.org)
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution (2,4-D) is really a synthetic auxin utilized being a herbicide to regulate weeds in agriculture. (bio-cavagnou.info)
- Detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide using a FGE-sulfatase based whole-cell Agrobacterium biosensor. (cri.or.th)
- 2,4-D is a selective herbicide which kills broad-leaved plants but not grasses or conifers. (unep.org)
- Portable sensors and PBPK models have previously been developed to describe the relationship between salivary and plasma concentrations of a commonly applied herbicide and insecticide metabolite: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy). (cdc.gov)
- Second, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified glyphosate, the herbicide most widely used on GM crops, as a "probable human carcinogen" 1 and classified a second herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as a "possible human carcinogen. (cornucopia.org)
- The first of the two developments that raise fresh concerns about the safety of GM crops is a 2014 decision by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve Enlist Duo, a new combination herbicide comprising glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Enlist Duo was formulated to combat herbicide resistance. (cornucopia.org)
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid containing herbicide impairs essential visually guided behaviors of larval fish. (wisc.edu)
- Impacts of subchronic exposure to a commercial 2,4-D herbicide on developmental stages of multiple freshwater fish species. (wisc.edu)
- Photo Credit 2,4-D is a selective herbicide that is effective against most broadleaf weeds. (naturallist.com)
- 2,4-D is a widely used herbicide against broadleaf weeds. (naturallist.com)
- Moreover, you also have to be careful about the timing of the 2,4-D herbicide spray. (naturallist.com)
- and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (cdc.gov)
Herbicides10
- 2,4-D is one of the oldest and most widely available herbicides and defoliants in the world, having been commercially available since 1945, and is now produced by many chemical companies since the patent on it has long since expired. (wikipedia.org)
- the choline salt form of 2,4-D is less volatile than 2,4-D. 2,4-D is a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides. (wikipedia.org)
- A few studies of farmers or professional applicators of herbicides containing 2,4-D reported increased risk of lymphatic system (part of the immune system) cancers, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). (cdc.gov)
- 2,4-D is a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides it is made from chloroacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol, which is produced by chlorination of phenol, is usually called 2,4-D and it is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- Y. Ordaz-Guillén, C.J. Galíndez Mayer, N. Ruiz-Ordaz, C. Juárez-Ramírez, F. Santoyo-Tepole, O. Ramos-Monray, Evaluating the degradation of the herbicides picloram and 2,4-D in a compartmentalized reactive biobarrier with internal liquid recirculation, Environ. (deswater.com)
- Fields must now be treated with multiple herbicides, including 2,4-D, a component of the Agent Orange defoliant used in the Vietnam War. (cornucopia.org)
- It will be marketed in tandem with newly approved seeds genetically engineered to resist glyphosate, 2,4-D, and multiple other herbicides. (cornucopia.org)
- This report provides an excellent insight into the global market for monochloroacetic acid, as well as the major derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and other chlorinated herbicides. (spglobal.com)
- Citric Acid, oils and ammonium soaps have become a 'cottage garden' alternative for those who dislike modern herbicides. (the-organic-gardener.com)
- Photo Credit 2,4-D and other herbicides that contain 2,4-D as an active ingredient shouldn't be used in non-crop areas. (naturallist.com)
Ester1
- It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, but lacks a cyclopropane ring. (unep.org)
Environmental Protec1
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers 2,4-D to be not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (causing cancer in people) because they do not have enough human and animal data. (cdc.gov)
Chloroacetic acid1
- 2,4-D is manufactured from chloroacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol, which is itself produced by chlorination of phenol. (wikipedia.org)
Monochloroacetic2
- S&P Global's Chemical Economics Handbook - Monochloroacetic Acid is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. (spglobal.com)
- S&P Global's Chemical Economics Handbook - Monochloroacetic Acid has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global's unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics. (spglobal.com)
Substances1
- This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about 2,4-D. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. (cdc.gov)
Compound5
- In the Vietnam War, it was mixed with other compounds called 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to make the Agent Orange, a compound that has already been proved to be carcinogenic. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- Yes, 2-4D can be considered a toxic compound, it's a known potential carcinogenic compound in mammals. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- Parameters of the compound are refferd to PubChem [4]. (vibratist.com)
- PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1486, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (vibratist.com)
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (vibratist.com)
Https1
- Reregistration Eligibility Decision for 2,4-d, (2005), https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/24d_red.pdf (accessed 10 November 2017). (deswater.com)
Citric Acid1
- Burnout - where the active ingredients are actually citric acid and clove oil and Concern Weed Prevention Plus find how it works below - its all organic. (the-organic-gardener.com)
20232
- Medicina (Ribeirao Preto, Online);56(2)2023. (bvsalud.org)
- 56(2)2023. (bvsalud.org)
20201
- 2020. Toxicological Profile for 2,4-D . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (cdc.gov)
Activated carbon1
- It is determined that the equilibrium data are suitable for Langmuir isotherm model among the applied isotherm models and the monolayer adsorption capacity is 344.83 mg g-1 at 318 K. The adsorption kinetics data of 2,4-D on activated carbon is better defined by the pseudo-second-order model. (niscair.res.in)
Murashige and Skoog2
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin (plant hormone) used in plant cell culture media such as Murashige and Skoog media. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- 1990) obtained callus from mericarps of Bunium persicum on MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium supplemented with 2 mg L -1 2, 4-D and 4 mg L -1 Kin. (scialert.net)
Toxicity1
- R.K. Singh, L. Philip, S. Ramanujam, Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution by pulsed corona discharge treatment: Effect of different water constituents, degradation pathway and toxicity assay, Chemosphere, 184 (2017) 207-214. (deswater.com)
Nitrate1
- 13] M. Clayton, W.V. Biasi, I.T. Agar, S.M. Southwick, and E.J. Mitcham, "Postharvest Quality of ÔÇÿBing- Cherries Following Preharvest Treatment with Hydrogen Cyanamide, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate, or Gibberellic Acid," Hort. (waset.org)
Phenoxyacetic2
- Alternatively, it is produced by the chlorination of phenoxyacetic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- It can also be produced by the chlorination of phenoxyacetic acid. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
Exposures1
- When workers make 2,4-D or apply it to weeds, they may have higher exposures. (cdc.gov)
Aqueous1
- A.C. Affam, M. Chaudhuri, Degradation of pesticides chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlorothalonil in aqueous solution by TiO 2 photocatalysis, J. Environ. (deswater.com)
Substance1
- Control plant life had been sprayed using the same focus of DMSO utilized to get ready 2,4-D. The procedure period and 2,4-D focus found in this function continues to be previously optimized in pea plant life (Romero-Puertas leaves was examined by spraying the chemical substance 24h before 2,4-D treatment and the application form was repeated with 2,4-D apply. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Broadleaf weeds1
- The ability of 2,4-D to control broadleaf weeds in turf was documented soon thereafter, in 1944. (wikipedia.org)
20211
- These questions, which emerged from the colloquium "Darwins' reversals: What we now know about Feralization and Crop Wild Relatives" at the BOTANY 2021 conference, fall into seven categories that span both basic and applied research: (1) definitions and drivers of ferality, (2) genetic architecture and pathway, (3) evolutionary history and biogeography, (4) agronomy and breeding, (5) fundamental and applied ecology, (6) collecting and conservation, and (7) taxonomy and best practices. (weizmann.ac.il)
Ammonium1
- Storage: 15-30 Degrees Celcius - Ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl). (caissonlabs.com)
WEED KILLERS2
- Nonetheless, if you are ever in the market for buying weed killers, you must have heard of 2-4 D weed killer. (naturallist.com)
- However, weed killers containing 2,4-D should not be used on food crops and flowering ornamentals. (naturallist.com)
Exposure7
- These tests cannot predict if you will develop health problems from an exposure to 2,4-D. If you think you have been exposed to 2,4-D, talk to your doctor or nurse right away. (cdc.gov)
- Workers involved in the production or use of 2,4-D should take protective measures to limit breathing and skin exposure to 2,4-D. (cdc.gov)
- Men who work with 2,4-D are at risk for abnormally shaped sperm and other fertility problems it can depend on the amount and duration of exposure and other personal factors. (waterfilteradvisor.com)
- The reproductive injuries identified raise concerns about the impacts of wide population exposure to 2,4-D (AU). (bvsalud.org)
- At a constant concentration of TCPy (200 microM), levels of protein bound to TCPy in cell culture media (Advanced DMEM:F12 supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum) decreased as much as 52% with an increasing co-exposure to 2,4-D (0-2300 microM), indicating that these chemicals compete for common binding sites on proteins. (cdc.gov)
- All exposure determinations and risk assessments ultimately depend on accurate chemical analyses, and therefore some critical aspects of analysis for 2,4-D residues have been included in the present document. (unep.org)
- Effects of low, subchronic exposure of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and commercial 2,4-D formulations on early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). (wisc.edu)
Spray1
- It was concluded that both GA3 and 2,4-D spray have positive effects on fruit development, reduced fruit drop, fruit crack and improved fruit quality of wax apple under field conditions. (waset.org)
Different concentrations2
- The first factor was landrace with three different landraces and the second factor was 2,4-D with four different concentrations (0, 100, 300 and 500 ppm). (ajol.info)
- Animals orally exposed received nebulized chow with 2,4-D solution in different concentrations for 180 days 0 (control - CG), 20.69 (LCG), 34.63 (MCG), or 51.66 ppm day−1 (HCG). (bvsalud.org)
Biology1
- 9] W. Baogang, W. Jianhui, and L. Hao, "Reduced chilling injury in mango fruit by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the antioxidant response," Postharvest Biology and Technology, 48(2), pp 172-181. (waset.org)
Weeds3
- How To Use a 2,4-D Lawn Weed Killer To Control Weeds? (naturallist.com)
- You can also use 2,4-D to kill all kinds of actively growing non-grassy weeds in your lawns. (naturallist.com)
- For example, 2,4-D should not be used to kill weeds in dormant Bermuda grass. (naturallist.com)
Concentration3
- Therefore the lowest concentration of 2,4-D (100 ppm) used in this study is probably close to the optimum concentration for flower induction in sweet potato. (ajol.info)
- According to available reports this enzymes are effective in regulating of intracellular concentration of acyl coa, fatty acid and co enzyme. (journalcra.com)
- The influence of the template concentration on the MIPs' (molecularly imprinted polymers) morphology, thermal behaviour and swelling ability, as well as on the 2,4-D removal capacity, were analyzed. (uniroma1.it)
Impacts1
- It really is reported that 2,4-D significantly impacts the actin cytoskeleton by inducing oxidative and (L.) ecotype Columbia was germinated after 48h incubation at 4 C, and plant life had been grown up in compost at 22 oC, 16h light, and 8h darkness for 3 weeks. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Orally1
- 2,4-D did not appear to cause cancer in studies of rats, mice, or dogs given 2,4-D orally for up to 2 years. (cdc.gov)
Degradation3
- To understand the origin of 2,4-D degradation in this diverse collection, the first gene in the 2,4-D pathway, tfdA, was sequenced. (nih.gov)
- A comparison of the dendrogram of the tfdA genes with that of the SSU rDNA genes demonstrated incongruency in phylogenies, and hence 2,4-D degradation must have originated from gene transfer between species. (nih.gov)
- Only those strains with tfdA sequences highly similar to the tfdA sequence of strain JMP134 (tfdA class I) transferred all the 2,4-D genes and conferred the 2,4-D degradation phenotype to a Burkholderia cepacia recipient. (nih.gov)
Soil1
- You are unlikely to be exposed to high levels of 2,4-D in food, water, or soil. (cdc.gov)
Chronic2
- 4 Oral - Aquatic Chronic 2 - Eye Dam. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive effects of the chronic consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-D in rats using food environmental spraying simulation. (bvsalud.org)