2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Herbicides

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Biodegradation, Environmental

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Alcaligenes

Naphthaleneacetic Acids

Cupriavidus necator

Chlorobenzoates

Herbicide Resistance

Delftia acidovorans

Indoleacetic Acids

Chlorophenols

Glycolates

Propanil

Plant Growth Regulators

Soil Microbiology

Soil Pollutants

Pesticides

Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

Mixed Function Oxygenases

Gravitropism

Oxygenases

Lindane

TauD protein domain

Variovorax paradoxus

Horizontal gene transfer

Rainbow Herbicides

Scopolin

Somatic embryogenesis

Scopoletin glucosyltransferase

Marsilea minuta

Pesticide application

Trichlorophenol

Botany

Pontederia crassipes

Hericium erinaceus

Daphne Osborne

Triethylamine

Cyperus rotundus

Toll-like receptor 4

Rice

Aspergillus penicillioides

Pesticide

Tribulus terrestris

Centaurea iberica

Pollution-induced community tolerance

Pesticides in New Zealand

Herbicide

Poison

Enlist Weed Control System

2,4-Dichlorophenol

List of DuPont Experimental Station inventions

Sexual and reproductive health

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Callus (cell biology)

Granite Peak Installation

List of genetically modified crops

Brook Industrial Park Superfund Site

Dichlorophenol

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

Plant hormone

Glyphosate

Ohio River Park

Phenoxy herbicide

Roundup (herbicide)

March 1965

List of MeSH codes (D02)

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

Herbicide13

• 2,4-D is the active ingredient in many products used in the United States and throughout the world as an herbicide to kill weeds on land and in the water. (cdc.gov)
• Acclimation of a marine sediment microbial community to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was examined by comparing its ability to metabolize 2,4-D before and after exposure to the herbicide. (princeton.edu)
• An autoradiographic study on the distribution of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid in pregnant mice. (ilo.org)
• Portable sensors and PBPK models have previously been developed to describe the relationship between salivary and plasma concentrations of a commonly applied herbicide and insecticide metabolite: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy). (cdc.gov)
• Embed ® Extra herbicide is a new and innovative formulation of 2,4-D that utilizes the choline salt of 2,4-D to provide growers effective broadleaf weed control along with peace of mind due to its best in class reduction in volatility, low drift, and improved handling. (corteva.us)
• 2,4-D, the active ingredient in this product, is a Group 4 herbicide (synthetic auxin). (corteva.us)
• Its main active ingredient is Dicamba, and it can be tanked mixed with a 2,4-D herbicide. (gardenguides.com)
• Make sure rain is not predicted within 4 hours of applying the herbicide, or you will have to do it again. (gardenguides.com)
• 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a herbicide that can be applied directly to GMO corn and soy plants engineered to withstand this toxic chemical. (ewg.org)
• NaturalNews) The World Health Organization (WHO) has just released the findings of its research team regarding the herbicide called 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). (naturalnews.com)
• The use of 2,4D - a toxic herbicide developed in WW2 as a weapon to destroy enemy crops, and a key ingredient of Agent Orange - will greatly increase if a new generation of GM crops is approved. (theecologist.org)
• Second, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified glyphosate, the herbicide most widely used on GM crops, as a "probable human carcinogen" and classified a second herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as a "possible human carcinogen. (simplegoodandtasty.com)
• The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is pleased to announce that the IARC Monographs volume on the insecticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is now available online. (who.int)

Herbicides8

• A few studies of farmers or professional applicators of herbicides containing 2,4-D reported increased risk of lymphatic system (part of the immune system) cancers, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). (cdc.gov)
• The toxicity of the phenoxy herbicides has been reported to be moderate but teratogenic effects have been produced in rodents by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) derivatives and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid ethyl ester (MCPA). (ilo.org)
• Here we present an evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and dicamba either alone or in combination, using the ToxTracker assay system. (nih.gov)
• The results from a mixture of the three herbicides was primarily an oxidative stress response, which was most likely due to 2,4-D with dicamba or glyphosate only playing a minor role. (nih.gov)
• In France this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2007 and infests Wheat. (weedscience.org)
• Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, and metsulfuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. (weedscience.org)
• The response has been to use older and more toxic herbicides such as 2,4-D in tank mixes of agrotoxics and to develop new 'stacked' GM seeds with several traits for resistance to different herbicides. (theecologist.org)
• Correlating Biodegradation Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) to the Dynamics of Microbial Communities Originating From Soil in Vietnam Contaminated With Herbicides. (uva.nl)

Acetic acid2

• For example, the discovery of the structure of the naturally occurring auxin phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) allowed chemical synthesis of a wide array of analogs and derivatives, and phenotypic screens. (frontiersin.org)
• Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)

Glyphosate3

• It's important to understand the connection of both 2,4-D and glyphosate to the GMO agriculture industry. (naturalnews.com)
• Apparently, the Dow product Enlist Duo, which just gained EPA approval and which contains both glyphosate and 2,4-D, will only be used on GM crops, but that's only a slight consolation, since this deadly chemical cocktail will certainly enter the human food chain, even if it's not sprayed directly on our lawns and gardens. (naturalnews.com)
• The US looks set to approve GM crops that resist the 'Agent Orange' pesticide 2,4-D as well as glyphosate, writes Helena Paul. (theecologist.org)

Toxicity2

• The legal limit for 2,4-D, established in 1991, was based on toxicity studies in laboratory animals conducted in the 1980s. (ewg.org)
• Since the 1940s, a whole lot more has been revealed about the toxicity of 2,4-D, which is linked to birth defects, immunosuppression, certain types of cancer, and various other health conditions. (naturalnews.com)

Dicamba1

• The formulation, Trimec is a patented combination of 3 weed killers: 2-4D, mecoprop and dicamba. (pestmall.com)

Photodegradation2

• abstract = "The photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using titanium dioxide as photocatalyst was investigated. (uab.cat)
• The yield of 2,4-D photodegradation depends on the mass of the semiconductor, temperature and light intensity. (uab.cat)

Amino acids2

• Subsequently, what followed was the attachment of amino acids to RNAs. (thefamouspeople.com)
• Both hybrids exhibited a smaller decrease in the morphophysiological responses compared to V. planifolia and exhibited an enrichment of metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, purines, phenols, and organic acids. (bvsalud.org)

Chemical9

• 2,4-D is the chemical 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (cdc.gov)
• test: 2-week exposure, seawater plus 100 ppm 2,4-D) took place under simulated in situ conditions, in an incubation chamber, which maintained the physical and chemical gradient structure of the sediment community. (princeton.edu)
• An in vitro system was employed to evaluate the chemical transport of a simultaneous dosing of 2,4-D and TCPy across a monolayer of serous-acinar cells cultured from the submaxillary saliva gland of Sprague-Dawley rats. (cdc.gov)
• Interestingly, one piece of the "latest scientific literature" the IARC refers to was a study commissioned by the makers of 2,4-D themselves -- Dow Chemical Co. (naturalnews.com)
• This research, authorised by the US Chemical Warfare Service, included investigating the use of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T . [4] After the war, Dow Chemical Company and Union Carbide acquired patents on some formulations of 2,4-D and the process of commercialization began. (theecologist.org)
• Later of course, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, produced by Monsanto and Dow Chemical, were used in combination as Agent Orange and massively sprayed in Vietnam to defoliate the forests. (theecologist.org)
• 2,4-D was first developed by The Dow Chemical Company (now known just as Dow) back in the 1940s to treat lawns, gardens and commercial agriculture. (naturalnews.com)
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which governs chemical use in the U.S. at the federal level, has declared that 2,4-D is perfectly safe and that the dioxins that often accompany it in weed killer formulas are "no longer found at detectable levels. (naturalnews.com)
• Someone who lives next to a farm that uses 2,4-D where the wind often blows in their direction, for instance, is more at risk than someone who lives far away from chemical agriculture. (naturalnews.com)

Substances1

• This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about 2,4-D. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. (cdc.gov)

Aspartic Acid1

• C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)

Possibly carcinogenic to humans1

• The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers 2,4-D to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)

Arachidonic Acid1

• Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)

Toxicological Profile1

• 2020. Toxicological Profile for 2,4-D . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (cdc.gov)

Pesticides1

• The use of such anisotropic nanoparticles in surface-enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS ) experiments allows the one to obtain the spectrum of crystal violet dye in the single molecule regime, as well as the pesticides dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), trichlorfon and ametryn. (rsc.org)

Exposure16

• These tests cannot predict if you will develop health problems from an exposure to 2,4-D. If you think you have been exposed to 2,4-D, talk to your doctor or nurse right away. (cdc.gov)
• Workers involved in the production or use of 2,4-D should take protective measures to limit breathing and skin exposure to 2,4-D. (cdc.gov)
• At a constant concentration of TCPy (200 microM), levels of protein bound to TCPy in cell culture media (Advanced DMEM:F12 supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum) decreased as much as 52% with an increasing co-exposure to 2,4-D (0-2300 microM), indicating that these chemicals compete for common binding sites on proteins. (cdc.gov)
• Indeed, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis demonstrated that the NfrA2 expression was concomitant with mesotrione transformation, showing a maximum 6-fold increase after a 4 h exposure to this single molecule. (eawag.ch)
• The claim, in other words, is that in current formulations, 2,4-D is "safe and effective," and that the general public should not worry about exposure to it. (naturalnews.com)
• Meanwhile, independent researchers continue to warn that 2,4-D exposure is linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma. (naturalnews.com)
• CAREX Canada estimates that over 2 million people in Canada live in areas where the potential for exposure to 2,4-D is higher than other areas in the country based on their residential proximity to agricultural areas, which amounts to about 6% of the Canadian population. (carexcanada.ca)
• 4 , 5 ] In addition, data availability for other routes of exposure (e.g. diet, domestic application) are limited. (carexcanada.ca)
• Potential for exposure to 2,4-D is much higher in areas where cereal crops, potatoes, and fruit are more commonly grown due to the higher application rates for these crops. (carexcanada.ca)
• The prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba), Prince Edward Island and Southern Quebec all had higher potential for exposure to 2,4-D than other areas. (carexcanada.ca)
• 7 ] This is because 2,4-D may be brought into homes on the bottom of shoes, increasing potential for exposure especially in young children through dermal means and hand to mouth transfer. (carexcanada.ca)
• 8 ] This is an important exposure route for young children because they spend the majority of their time indoors, and because 2,4-D persists longer indoors than outdoors. (carexcanada.ca)
• 8 ] In children younger than 3 years of age, non-dietary exposure to 2,4-D accounted for 15% of total exposure. (carexcanada.ca)
• Pesticide usage for all crops in Canada were used to estimate the total amount of 2,4-D applied to crops, which indicates potential exposure for people living in nearby areas. (carexcanada.ca)
• Over 2 million people in Canada live in areas where the potential for exposure to 2,4-D is higher than other areas in the country. (carexcanada.ca)
• On the other hand, the highest population densities near agricultural areas are found in Quebec, which has the largest number of people with the highest potential for 2,4-D exposure (1,371,000 people). (carexcanada.ca)

Lymphoma1

• 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Results from the Agricultural Health Study and an updated meta-analysis. (gradientcorp.com)

Formulation1

• Use a formulation containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to protect sensitive grasses, mixed at regular strength. (sfgate.com)

Oxidative stress2

• The pesticide 2,4-D was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. (nih.gov)
• But even with the jury being rigged, the IARC determined that there is "strong evidence that 2,4-D induces oxidative stress. (naturalnews.com)

Sorption1

• Independent mode sorption of perfluoroalkyl acids by single and multiple adsorbents. (uva.nl)

Metabolic2

• During this time, he spent much of his research time on the characterization of the metabolic transformations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (thefamouspeople.com)
• During his time at the Washington State University, he worked on the characterization of the metabolic transformations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in bean plants, and identification of the plant hormones, auxins. (thefamouspeople.com)

Degradation3

• Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D on TiO 2 (NT), TiO 2 (PD_T) and the series of Fe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 (PD) samp. (beilstein-journals.org)
• Finally, when very high concentrations of benzoate were used (55 mM), both growth and the specific rate of benzoate degradation were diminished due to a strong decrease in benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase specific activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• Transposon mutagenesis and cloning analysis of the pathway for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3-chlorobenzoate in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4). (microbiologyresearch.org)

Increases1

• in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)

HRAC Group2

• Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Corn Poppy indicate that the inheritance is determined by a dominant, nuclear trait. (weedscience.org)
• Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Corn Poppy have not been reported to the site. (weedscience.com)

19951

• 1995 Apr 1;5(4):377-387. (uab.cat)

Exposures2

• When workers make 2,4-D or apply it to weeds, they may have higher exposures. (cdc.gov)
• Americans' exposures to 2,4-D from food and drinking water will likely increase in years to come as farmers plant more of these GMO crops. (ewg.org)

Urea1

• It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)

Polymers1

• C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)

Crops1

• Yet the US and Brazil are currently considering whether to approve GM crops that tolerate 2,4-D. How can this be? (theecologist.org)

Urine3

• Tests are available to measure levels of 2,4-D in blood, urine, and body tissues. (cdc.gov)
• An analysis of 14,395 participants that began back in 2001 revealed that nearly one in three people now has detectable levels of 2,4-D in his or her urine - up from 17 percent at the beginning of the study. (naturalnews.com)
• C 4 H 8 O 3 , any of the acids present in the urine, esp. (unboundmedicine.com)

Pesticide1

• 2,4-D , as Gina Solomon points out in her blog, is a pesticide with a lot of problems. (planetsave.com)

Microbial1

• Present study aimed to treat 2 Napthalene Sulfonate (2NS), a dye intermediate with microbial consortia and assess its potential toxicological impact before and after treatment on the integrity of Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid (DNA) in blood cells of Channa punctatus. (journaltocs.ac.uk)

Laboratory4

• One way to learn about whether 2,4-D will harm people is to do studies on laboratory animals. (cdc.gov)
• Laboratory animals exposed to 2,4-D during gestation are born underdeveloped and are more likely to have birth defects. (ewg.org)
• We address these issues by suggesting that modellers (1) "trace" the iterative modelling process by keeping a modelling notebook corresponding to the laboratory notebooks used by empirical researchers, (2) use a standardized notebook structure and terminology based on the existing TRACE documentation framework, and (3) use their notebooks to compile TRACE documents that supplement publications and reports. (eawag.ch)
• There is also laboratory evidence from animal tests showing that 2,4-D does, in fact, cause cancer in mammals. (naturalnews.com)

Salt2

• The sale of this product is insidious and it is being used still: Check your labels, looking for words like "2,4,-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid" or "diethanolamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (planetsave.com)
• An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)

19911

• Since 1991, use of 2,4-D has increased by a whopping 240 percent. (naturalnews.com)

Temperature1

• Temperature should be 65°F to 85°F. Concentrate: Mix 2 oz. (4 tablespoons) with 1 gallon of water. (pestmall.com)

20162

• Regeneration and Performance Measurement of Plant Fiber in Grass Family of Phragmites [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(4): 620-626. (nefu.edu.cn)
• Optimization of Leaf Regeneration and Genetic Transformation System of Populus tomentosa [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(2): 177-183. (nefu.edu.cn)

Auxin1

• 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin that is a class of plant hormones that regulates plant growth. (corteva.us)

Immunosuppression1

• and moderate evidence that 2,4-D causes immunosuppression. (naturalnews.com)

Chemicals1

• The latest news about highly toxic crop chemicals like 2,4-D can be found at Chemicals.news . (naturalnews.com)

Large amounts1

• Respiratory (nose and lungs) and nervous system effects were seen in people who purposely or accidentally swallowed large amounts of 2,4 D. These serious effects are not likely to happen at the levels of 2,4-D that are usually found in the environment. (cdc.gov)

Agriculture1

• Natural News ) The George Washington University (GWU) just released the findings of a new study showing that about 33 percent of the United States population is contaminated with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), one of the most widely used weed killers in modern American agriculture. (naturalnews.com)

Organic1

• An analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) showed that a complete mineralization of 2,4-D can be easily achieved. (uab.cat)

Effects2

• Animals given large oral doses of 2,4-D showed harmful effects on the blood, liver, kidney, and thyroid gland. (cdc.gov)
• Today, nearly 40 percent of people, we are told, have 2,4-D hiding in their systems, the long-term health effects of which are not fully understood. (naturalnews.com)

Treated lawns1

• You may also be exposed to 2,4-D while walking or playing on very recently treated lawns, gardens, golf courses, parks, or other grassy areas. (cdc.gov)

Doses1

• Tribenuron-methyl and florasulam have been applied in 4-6 doses. (weedscience.com)

Milk1

• ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)

Humans1

• That rather ambiguous-sounding classification means that there is supposedly "inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence in experimental animals" of a link between 2,4-D and cancer. (naturalnews.com)

Biology3

• Communications biology , 4 , [774]. (uva.nl)
• Communications biology , 4 , [530]. (uva.nl)
• 1. Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 2. (nefu.edu.cn)

Inhibition1

• The distribution of MCPA was found to be very similar to that observed for 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. The results indicate a teratogenic mode of action for MCPA similar to that postulated for 2,4,5-T, i.e. inhibition of the embryotrophic nutrition. (ilo.org)

Experimental1

• The distribution of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D in experimental animals has already been investigated. (ilo.org)

Argentina2

• El objetivo del artículo es contribuir a la comprensión y visibilización de los conflictos y controversias en torno al uso de agroquímicos en las provincias de Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero y Salta, Argentina. (scielo.br)
• Now Dow Agrosciences, offshoot of the company that originally commercialised 2,4-D, seeks to release genetically engineered soybean and corn resistant to 2,4-D in Brazil, Argentina and the US. (theecologist.org)

Mice1

• 2,4-D did not appear to cause cancer in studies of rats, mice, or dogs given 2,4-D orally for up to 2 years. (cdc.gov)

Environmental2

• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers 2,4-D to be not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity (causing cancer in people) because they do not have enough human and animal data. (cdc.gov)
• The EWG Health Guideline of 20 ppb for 2,4-D was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)