2,3-Diphosphoglycerate
A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)
Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobins, Abnormal
Hemoglobins
Oxyhemoglobins
Erythrocytes
Phytic Acid
Oxygen
Phosphoglycerate Mutase
Methanobacteriales
Hemoglobin, Sickle
Phosphoglycerate Kinase
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Partial Pressure
Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases
Euryarchaeota
Erythrocyte Aging
Phosphotransferases
Blood Preservation
Erythrocytes, Abnormal
Pyruvate Kinase
Erythrocyte Deformability
Inosine
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Mathematics
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases
Fetal Hemoglobin
The major component of hemoglobin in the fetus. This HEMOGLOBIN has two alpha and two gamma polypeptide subunits in comparison to normal adult hemoglobin, which has two alpha and two beta polypeptide subunits. Fetal hemoglobin concentrations can be elevated (usually above 0.5%) in children and adults affected by LEUKEMIA and several types of ANEMIA.
Erythrocyte Membrane
Allosteric Site
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Hematocrit
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Carbon Dioxide
Binding Sites
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Phosphofructokinase-1
An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. D-tagatose- 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate also are acceptors. UTP, CTP, and ITP also are donors. In human phosphofructokinase-1, three types of subunits have been identified. They are PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, LIVER TYPE; and PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, TYPE C; found in platelets, brain, and other tissues.
Hemolysis
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Phosphoglycolate phosphatase
ISBN 978-3-642-32033-0. Timm S, Mielewczik M, Florian A, Frankenbach S, Dreissen A, Hocken N, Fernie AR, Walter A, Bauwe H (17 ... 3-phosphogylcerate is the normal product of carboxylation and will enter the Calvin cycle. Phosphoglycolate, which is a potent ... 42 (2): 143-51. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1978.tb00644.x. PMID 215071. S2CID 24895851. Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.3, Enzymes of ... 49 (3): 393-7. doi:10.1104/pp.49.3.393. PMC 365972. PMID 16657968. Ma Y, Hartman MM, Moroney JV (January 2013). " ...
Santiago Grisolía, 1st Marquess of Grisolía
16 (2): 321-329. doi:10.1021/bi00621a025. PMID 13811. Rubio, V; Britton, H G; Grisolia, S; Sproat, B S; Lowe, G (1981). " ... 198 (2): 561-571. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55511-3. PMID 12999771. Britton, H G; Carreras, J; Grisolia, S (1971). "Mechanism ... 3-diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase". Biochemistry. 10 (24): 4522-4533. doi:10.1021/bi00800a028. PMID ...
Luebering-Rapoport pathway
2,3-BPG, the reaction product of the Luebering-Rapoport pathway was first described and isolated in 1925 by the Austrian ... R. Juel: 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: its role in health and disease. In: CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 10(2 ... The concentration of 2,3-BPG varies proportionately with the pH, since it is inhibitory to catalytic action of ... 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the most concentrated organophosphate in the erythrocyte, forms 3-PG by the action of ...
Methanopyrus
210 (3): 971-81. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17502.x. PMID 1483480. Forterre, Patrick (June 2006). "DNA topoisomerase V: a ... Methanopyrus kandleri is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive methanogen with an approximate length of 2-14 μm and diameter of 0.5 μm. ... 44 (3): 197-208. Bibcode:2014OLEB...44..197N. doi:10.1007/s11084-014-9365-6. PMC 4669544. PMID 25351682. Oren, Aharon (2014), ... 247-252, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_328, ISBN 978-3-642-38953-5, retrieved 2021-10-11 "InterPro". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved ...
Blood doping
The presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate within erythrocytes maintains the normal affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. HBOCs do not ... As a significant amount of iron is removed by each autologous transfusion, an adequate time for recovery of not less than 3 ... of the Hypoxia inducing transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and thus stabilizes these protein complexes. Under normal O2 ...
Phosphoglycerate mutase
227 (3): 595-607. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(71)90010-6. PMID 4328052. Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Liu, L; Cheng, Z; Lin, Y; Ji, F; Gong, W (17 ... 7 (3): 1115-21. doi:10.1021/bi00843a032. PMID 5690561. Salameh J, Goyal N, Choudry R, Camelo-Piragua S, Chong PS (July 2012). " ... 26 (3): 393-9. PMC 1762627. PMID 4827367. Song, L; Xu, Z; Yu, X (August 2007). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a ... 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is required a cofactor for dPGM. In contrast, the iPGM class is independent of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ...
Aldolase A deficiency
105 (2): 105-6. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3558. PMID 15632214. Miwa S, Fujii H, Tani K, Takahashi K, Takegawa S, Fujinami N, ... 103 (6): 2401-3. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-09-3160. PMID 14615364. Esposito G, Vitgliano L, Cevenini A, Amelio T, Zagari A, ... 108 (2): 153-7. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123174. PMID 2229018. Media related to Aldolase A deficiency at Wikimedia ... 335 (16): 1242-3. doi:10.1056/NEJM199610173351618. PMID 8999331. Takasaki Y, Takahashi I, Mukai T, Hori K (1990). "Human ...
Blood bank
2, p. 12. Atkinson, M. P.; Fontaine, M. J.; Goodnough, L. T.; Wein, L. M. (2012). "A novel allocation strategy for blood ... 56 (3): 238-77. doi:10.1093/jhmas/56.3.238. PMID 11552401. "Red Gold: the Epic Story of Blood". PBS. Archived from the original ... 21 (2): 271-89. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2007.01.002. PMID 17650777. Bakalar, Nicholas (2013-03-11). "The Shelf Life of Donor Blood". ... 3 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/2110-5820-3-2. PMC 3575378. PMID 23316800. "Blood's Shelf Life May Be as Short as 3 Weeks - HealthLeaders ...
Blood transfusion
30 (2): 475-487. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2010.02.002. PMID 20513565. Cata, JP; Wang, H; Gottumukkala, V; Reuben, J; Sessler, DI (May ... In the immediate spin method, two drops of patient serum are tested against a drop of 3-5% suspension of donor cells in a test ... 3 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/2110-5820-3-2. PMC 3575378. PMID 23316800. Hod, EA; Zhang, N; Sokol, SA; Wojczyk, BS; Francis, RO; ... 56 (3): 238-277. doi:10.1093/jhmas/56.3.238. PMID 11552401. S2CID 34956231. "Red Gold: the Epic Story of Blood". PBS. Susan ...
Packed red blood cells
Retrieved 3 November 2011. PHB Bolton-Maggs (Ed) D Poles et al. on behalf of the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering ... Retrieved 3 November 2011. Enten G, Dalvi P, Martini N, Kausch K, Gray A, Landrigan M, et al. (July 2018). "Rapid bedside ... 2,3-DPG levels in pRBC greatly affects oxygen-release characteristics. In the United Kingdom they cost about £120 per unit. The ... Retrieved 3 November 2011. "Circular of information for the use of human blood and blood components" (PDF). AABB. p. 11. ...
3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase
Other names in common use include diphosphoglycerate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase, and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate-polyphosphate ... In enzymology, a 3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.4.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... 36 (2): 426-9. PMID 5557827. Kukaev IS, Bobyk MA, Nikolaev NN, Sergeev NS, Uryson SO (1971). "[Polyphosphate-synthesizing ... Kulaev IS, Bobyk MA (1971). "[Detection in Neurospora crassa of a new enzyme--1,3-diphosphoglycerate: polyphosphate ...
Mitapivat
31 (3): 539. hdl:10665/330961. Kung C, Hixon J, Kosinski PA, Cianchetta G, Histen G, Chen Y, et al. (September 2017). "AG-348 ... Retrieved 3 March 2022. "Agios Announces FDA Approval of Pyrukynd (mitapivat) as First Disease-Modifying Therapy for Hemolytic ... 3-DPG and deficiency in the pyruvate kinase product ATP. On 15 September 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human ... 2,3-DPG) levels. Mutations in pyruvate kinase cause deficiency in pyruvate kinase which prevents adequate red blood cell (RBC) ...
Bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase
... diphosphoglycerate phosphatase, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid phosphatase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase, and glycerate-2,3- ... 189 (2): 683-94. PMID 14832286. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 3.1.3, Enzymes of known structure, All stub articles, EC 3.1 stubs). ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate 2-phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include 2, ... 233 (2): 350-4. PMID 13563500. RAPOPORT S, LUEBERING J (1951). "Glycerate-2,3-diphosphatase". J. Biol. Chem. ...
University of Virginia School of Medicine
and was ranked in 2016 by U.S. News & World Report as one of the top 2-3% of cancer specialty centers nationwide. The Carter ... Retrieved May 2, 2008. Lynch, Gordon S. (November 30, 2010). Sarcopenia - Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness: Mechanisms ... 1935 - 1967 - Alfred Chanutin, Ph.D., professor and chair of biochemistry, discovered the role of red blood cell 2,3- ... diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in oxygen transfer from hemoglobin. This finding had enormous impact on the preservation of blood ...
List of EC numbers (EC 6)
See EC 6.3.3.6, carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase EC 6.3.1.17: β-citrylglutamate synthase * EC 6.3.1.18: γ-glutamylanilide ... 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate-CoA ligase * EC 6.2.1.42: 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate-CoA ... RNA 3′-terminal-phosphate cyclase (GTP) * EC 6.5.1.6: DNA ligase (ATP or NAD+) * EC 6.5.1.7: DNA ligase (ATP, ADP or GTP) * EC ... 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.29: Deleted, identical to EC 6.2.1.7, cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.30: ...
List of MeSH codes (D09)
... glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate MeSH D09.698.211.500 - chitosan MeSH D09.698.350.500 - inulin MeSH D09.698.360.041 - agar MeSH ... 3-o-methylglucose MeSH D09.408.348.700 - picrotoxin MeSH D09.408.348.800 - teniposide MeSH D09.408.348.820 - thioglucosides ... 3-o-methylglucose MeSH D09.408.514.700 - methylmannosides MeSH D09.408.620.569 - nucleoside diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408. ... 3-diphosphoglycerate MeSH D09.811.522.050 - acetylmuramyl-alanyl-isoglutamine MeSH D09.811.589.668 - sialic acids MeSH D09.811. ...
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid
2,3-BPG is formed from 1,3-BPG by the enzyme BPG mutase. It can then be broken down by 2,3-BPG phosphatase to form 3- ... 2,3-BPG is part of a feedback loop that can help prevent tissue hypoxia in conditions where it is most likely to occur. ... When 2,3-BPG binds to deoxyhemoglobin, it acts to stabilize the low oxygen affinity state (T state) of the oxygen carrier. It ... The concentration of 2,3-BPG varies proportionately to the [H+]. There is a delicate balance between the need to generate ATP ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
5-amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole MeSH D02.640.600.290 - fanft MeSH D02.640.600.308 - furagin MeSH D02.640. ... 3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide MeSH D02.092.146.325 - p-dimethylaminoazobenzene MeSH D02.092. ... vitamin k 2 MeSH D02.455.849.291.523.500.922 - vitamin k 3 MeSH D02.455.849.291.850 - taxoids MeSH D02.455.849.291.850.777 - ... 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester MeSH D02.705.539.783 - phorate MeSH D02.705.539.790 - phosmet MeSH D02.705.539.900 - temefos ...
DPG
2,3-diphosphoglycerate), involved in hemoglobin-oxygen binding Dihydroxyphenylglycine, an amino acid Digital pair gain, a ...
Ecophysiology
66 (2): 214. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2010.00778.x. Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger, A Companion to Plant Physiology Stoll, M.; ... ISBN 978-3-540-20833-4. Farrell, A. D.; Gilliland, T. J. (2011). "Yield and quality of forage maize grown under marginal ... 13 (3): 241-8. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2010.04.008. PMID 20494611. Lobell, D. B.; Schlenker, W.; Costa-Roberts, J. (2011). "Climate ... 81 (3): 377-387. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpn023. ISSN 0015-752X. Vogel, S. (2009). "Leaves in the lowest and highest winds: ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
This list contains a list of EC numbers for the third group, EC 3, hydrolases, placed in numerical order as determined by the ... Now included with EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) and EC 3.4.25.1 (proteasome endopeptidase complex) EC 3.4.24.6: leucolysin EC 3.4. ... Now included with EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) and EC 3.4.25.1 (proteasome endopeptidase complex) EC 3.4.24.6: leucolysin EC 3.4. ... EC 3.8.1.2: (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase EC 3.8.1.3: haloacetate dehalogenase EC 3.8.1.4: Now EC 1.97.1.10, thyroxine 5′- ...
Refeeding syndrome
3 (12): 943-952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128. Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T ... 10 (2): 69-76. doi:10.52964/AMJA.0470. PMID 22041604. "Nutrition support in adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube ... Formation of phosphorylated carbohydrate compounds in the liver and skeletal muscle depletes intracellular ATP and 2,3- ... diphosphoglycerate in red blood cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's organs. ...
Diphosphoglycerate
... may refer to: 1,3-Diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate This set index page lists chemical compounds ...
List of EC numbers (EC 5)
EC 5.1.3.40: D-tagatose 6-phosphate 4-epimerase * EC 5.1.3.41: fructoselysine 3-epimerase * EC 5.1.3.42: D-glucosamine-6- ... 3-aminomutase EC 5.4.3.3: lysine 5,6-aminomutase EC 5.4.3.4: Now included in EC 5.4.3.3, lysine 5,6-aminomutase EC 5.4.3.5: D- ... dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose-forming) EC 5.3.2.4: TDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose-3,4-oxoisomerase (dTDP-3-dehydro- ... D-psicose 3-epimerase * EC 5.1.3.31: D-tagatose 3-epimerase * EC 5.1.3.32: L-rhamnose mutarotase * EC 5.1.3.33: 2-epi-5-epi- ...
GAPDHS
22 (3): 464-70. PMID 11330647. Suzuki Y, Yamashita R, Shirota M, Sakakibara Y, Chiba J, Mizushima-Sugano J, Nakai K, Sugano S ( ... 8 (3): 350-7. PMID 4349855. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2011-10-14. Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan ... 6 (2): 127-36. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.2.127. PMID 10655454. Bone W, Jones AR, Morin C, Nieschlag E, Cooper TG (2001). " ... 200 (1-2): 149-56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. Goodwin LO, Karabinus DS, Pergolizzi RG, Benoff S (Feb 2000 ...
List of diseases (D)
... syndrome Dionisi-Vici-Sabetta-Gambarara syndrome Diphallia Diphallus rachischisis imperforate anus Diphosphoglycerate mutase ... nephrogenic type 2 Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic type 3 Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, dominant type Diabetes insipidus, ... congenital type 2 Dyserythropoietic anemia, congenital type 3 Dysexecutive syndrome Dysferlinopathy Dysfibrinogenemia, familial ... nephrogenic, recessive type Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus type 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 Diabetes persistent mullerian ...
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
High levels of 2,3-BPG shift the curve to the right (as in childhood), while low levels of 2,3-BPG cause a leftward shift, seen ... As a result, 2,3-BPG binds more strongly to adult hemoglobin, causing HbA to release more oxygen for uptake by the fetus, whose ... The production of 2,3-BPG is likely an important adaptive mechanism, because the production increases for several conditions in ... At the placenta, there is a higher concentration of 2,3-BPG formed, and 2,3-BPG binds readily to beta chains rather than to ...
Methylotroph
First, 2 molecules of formaldehyde are added to 2 molecules of the amino acid glycine. This produces two molecules of the amino ... Then these 3 molecules of DHA are phosphorylated to DHAP by triokinase. Like the other cycles, 3 C 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {C3 ... The other 2 molecules are used to regenerate xylulose 5-phosphate. As key players in the carbon cycle, methylotrophs work to ... 22 (2-3): 307-319. doi:10.1007/s00775-016-1419-y. ISSN 0949-8257. PMC 5352483. PMID 27878395. Hanson, R. S.; Hanson, T. E. ( ...
Acylphosphatase
53 (2): 141-51. doi:10.1007/PL00000585. PMID 9118002. S2CID 24072481. Gribenko AV, Patel MM, Liu J, McCallum SA, Wang C, ... 224 (2): 427-40. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)91005-A. PMID 1313885. Stefani M, Taddei N, Ramponi G (February 1997). "Insights into ... Other names in common use include acetylphosphatase, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase, acetic phosphatase, Ho 1-3, and GP 1-3 ... Genes on human chromosome 2, EC 3.6.1, Enzymes of known structure, All stub articles, EC 3.6 stubs). ...
Samuel Mitja Rapoport
9-19 Rapoport, S. and J. Luebering: An Optical Study Of Diphosphoglycerate Mutase (From the Children's Hospital Research ... 3/2004 Goldenberg, H. : Nachruf Univ.-Prof. Dr. Samuel Mitja Rapoport (1912-2004) Newsletter vom 20.07.2004 Gesammelt vom ... 1997; 3: 1-55 (Heft 9) Marxismus, Exil und jüdische Identität. Der Biochemiker Samuel Mitja Rapoport. Jüdisches Echo 49 ( ... Thus the survivability of the bottled blood could be extended from 1 to 3 weeks. In 1948, together with two other American ...
Glycolysis
978-0-12-152813-3. . PMID 208818.. *^ a b c Stryer L (1995). "Oxidative phosphorylation.". Biochemistry (Fourth ed.). New York ... 3 (3): 3002-3017. doi:10.3390/cancers3033002. PMC 3759183. PMID 24310356.. *^ Nelson DL, Cox MM (2005). Lehninger principles of ... 9 (2): 16. doi:10.3390/proteomes9020016. PMC 8167557. PMID 33917325.. *^ Rodionova IA, Zhang Z, Mehla J, Goodacre N, Babu M, ... 2-Phosphoglycerate3− → Phosphoenolpyruvate3− + H2O 1.8 1.1 10 Phosphoenolpyruvate3− + ADP3− + H+ → Pyruvate− + ATP4− −31.7 − ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: 2-3 Diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate & reduced glutathione content of rat blood in acute hypoxia.
Phosphoglycolate phosphatase - Wikipedia
ISBN 978-3-642-32033-0. Timm S, Mielewczik M, Florian A, Frankenbach S, Dreissen A, Hocken N, Fernie AR, Walter A, Bauwe H (17 ... 3-phosphogylcerate is the normal product of carboxylation and will enter the Calvin cycle. Phosphoglycolate, which is a potent ... 42 (2): 143-51. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1978.tb00644.x. PMID 215071. S2CID 24895851. Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.3, Enzymes of ... 49 (3): 393-7. doi:10.1104/pp.49.3.393. PMC 365972. PMID 16657968. Ma Y, Hartman MM, Moroney JV (January 2013). " ...
A Dose-Finding Study of AG-348 in Sickle Cell Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
... diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration in the red blood cell. 2,3-DPG decreases oxygen binding by preferentially binding to ... 2,3-DPG is an intermediate substrate in the glycolytic pathway, the only source of ATP production in red blood cells. Pyruvate ... Dosing period is every 2 weeks at each dose level. Dose taper will start on Day 42 (50 mg) or Day 56 (100 mg) with dose reduced ... Dosing period is every 2 weeks at each dose level. Dose taper will start on Day 42 (50 mg) or Day 56 (100 mg) with dose reduced ...
Find NHLBI Clinical Trials | NHLBI, NIH
To participate in this study, you must be at least 2 years old with known or suspected sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, ... Participants in this study must be between 2 and 65 years old; have a severe congenital anemia, such as sickle cell disease or ... Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of PKLR Variants with Pyruvate Kinase, 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Adenosine Triphosphate ...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing Protein Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (HMDBP00266)
Haggarty NW, Dunbar B, Fothergill LA: The complete amino acid sequence of human erythrocyte diphosphoglycerate mutase. EMBO J. ... 1987;46(2-3):S126-30. [PubMed:3036106 ] *Joulin V, Garel MC, Le Boulch P, Valentin C, Rosa R, Rosa J, Cohen-Solal M: Isolation ... Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate → 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid. details 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid. details ... Cohen-Solal M, Joulin V, Romeo PH, Rosa R, Valentin C, Garel MC, Rosa J: Molecular cloning of the human 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ...
Secondary Polycythemia Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies
Hemoglobin | Encyclopedia.com
In the adult human, for example, HbA (α 2δ 2) makes up 98 percent of the total hemoglobin, and HbA2 (α 2δ 2), the remaining 2 ... A normal occurrence, chiefly in the blood sinuses of the spleen, when the cells are ageing after 3-4 mon… Erythrocyte , e·ryth· ... A third kind of human hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin or HbF (α 2γ 2), constitutes over 80 percent of the total hemoglobin of a ... α 2β 2. The α chain contains 141 amino acid residues, the β chain 146. Throughout most of the animal kingdom the subunit ...
Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy: Anemias in Pregnancy, Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies in Pregnancy, Thalassemias in...
3] The simplest approach to the differential diagnoses of anemia is to differentiate anemias by the mean corpuscular volume ( ... With 2 dysfunctional alpha globin genes, both may occur on the same chromatid a cis configuration (--/alpha, alpha)-that is, 1 ... HbA2 consists of 2 alpha chains and 2 delta chains. Depending on the hemoglobinopathy, some of these other types of hemoglobin ... The 2 major thalassemias, alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia, result from decreased production of one or more of these ...
ID 5.4.2.11
CC -!- The enzyme is activated by 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate by transferring CC a phosphate to histidine (His(10) in man and ... CA (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate. CC -!- The enzymes from vertebrates, platyhelminths, mollusks, annelids, ... 2,3-diphosphoglycerate dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. AN cofactor dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. AN PGAM. AN ... CC crustaceans, insects, algae, some fungi, yeast and some bacteria CC (particularly Gram-negative) require 2,3-bisphospho-D- ...
GMTP-N-DPG | Semantic Scholar
A Review of Inosine Supplements on Exercise Performance- Tiger Fitness
2013;2(2):109.. 6) Cheng W, Wen S, Wang Y, et al. The association between serum uric acid and blood pressure in different age ... Inosine Exercise Study #3. The world of fitness is often plagued by the mindset of "more is better." This not only applies to ... 3) Starling, R. D., Trappe, T. A., Short, K. R., Sheffield-Moore, M., Jozsi, A. C., Fink, W. J., & Costill, D. L. (1996). ... 3]. At the end of the trial, researchers documented that there were NO significant differences between those who consumed ...
Transgenic rescue of hemolytic anemia due to red blood cell pyruvate kinase deficiency
| Haematologica
A 1.7kb KpnI-SfiI genomic DNA fragment covering the 5-flanking region of the human PKLR gene includes exons 1 and 2 of the ... Figure 3.Human PK activity demonstrated in RBC of PK transgenic mice To confirm transgene expression in mice, we performed a ... The 1.7kb R-PK cDNA fragment spanning from the SfiI site in exon 3 to the 3-untranslated region was conjugated with the 1.7-kb ... Figure 2.Copy numbers and RBC PK activities of the transgenic mice. Left panel, ethidium bromide staining of agarose gel ...
Transfusion Indications for Patients With Cancer - Oncology Nurse Advisor
In general, RBC transfusions are used to treat (1) tissue hypoxia due to inadequate RBC mass, (2) acute anemia due to trauma or ... 3-diphosphoglycerate increases in the RBCs). In the setting of anemia, the overall blood volume is maintained with increased ... the value of coagulation factor replacement for invasive procedures when the international normalized ratio is below 2. ... surgical blood loss, (3) anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy, and (4) cardiovascular decompensation of chronic ane-mia. ...
P50 of hemoglobin: factors influencing
High levels of 2,3-DPG shift the curve to the right, while low levels of 2,3-DPG cause a leftward shift, seen in states such as ... The production of 2,3-DPG is likely an important adaptive mechanism, because the production increases for several conditions in ... Right Shift: acidemia and hypercarbia (Bohr effect), increased temperature, 2,3-DPG ... 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is created in erythrocytes during glycolysis. ...
High energy compounds
The other high energy compoundsinclude ADP,1,3-diphospho glycerate, phosphoenol pyruvate and also creatine phosph ... 2. ATP as high energy compound. ATP is the most widely distributed high-energy compound within the human body. Adenosine ... 1. 1, 3-diphosphoglycerate. One of the phosphate groups undergoes hydrolysis to form the acid and a phosphate ion, giving off ... Since one molecule of glucose yield 2 molecule of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 2 high energy ATP are produced for one molecule ...
Evaluation of rate law approximations in bottom-up kinetic models of metabolism | BMC Systems Biology | Full Text
These approximate rate laws were: 1) a Michaelis-Menten rate law with measured enzyme parameters, 2) a Michaelis-Menten rate ... law with approximated parameters, using the convenience kinetics convention, 3) a thermodynamic rate law resulting from a ... 2. Schematic of the enzyme modules incorporated into the RBC metabolic network [33]. The ten modules constructed were primarily ... 3. Simulation comparison of four simplified rate laws against a reference module containing detailed enzyme mechanism kinetics ...
Find Research outputs
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Rickles, F. R., Hardin, J. A., Levin, J. & Conrad, M. E., Jan 1 1973, In: Clinical Research. 21, 3, 1 p.. Research output: ... Hill, B. T., Augenlicht, L. & Baserga, R., Dec 1 1973, In: FEBS Letters. 37, 2, p. 298-302 5 p.. Research output: Contribution ... Wolkoff, A. W., Cohen, L. E. & Arias, I. M., Jan 18 1973, In: New England Journal of Medicine. 288, 3, p. 113-117 5 p.. ... Hirano, A., Ghatek, N. R. & Zimmerman, H. M., Jun 1 1973, In: Acta neuropathologica. 26, 2, p. 171-177 7 p.. Research output: ...
JaypeeDigital | eBook Reader
Normal Sepia Dark Default Style Font Style 1 Font Style 2 Font Style 3 Less Normal More ... SECTION 2: DISORDERS OF RED BLOOD CELLS (ANAEMIAS). *CHAPTER 2:Approach to Diagnosis of Anaemias*APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS* ... SECTION 3: DISORDERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS. *CHAPTER 5:Acute Leukaemias*DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION*Predisposing Factors* ... The order of genes in β-globin gene cluster from 5 to 3 end is ε-Gγ-Aγ-ψβ-δ-β (Fig. 1.9). The ψζ, ψα2, ψα1, and ψβ are ...
DEPARTMENT OF HAEMATOLOGY - Basic Medical Sciences
Physiological adaptation to anemia: role of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG).. Factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve.. Normal ... 2 Enosolease ME Professor MB.BS, FMCPath https://scholar.google.com/citati. ons?hl=en&user=HMNrIDUAA. AAJ ... 3 Awodu OA Professor MB.BCH, FMCPath. https://scholar.google.com/citati. ons?hl=en&user=mZbhiZEAA. AAJ ...
Factors which influence the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen | Deranged Physiology
An acidic environment inhibits the activity of diphosphoglycerate mutase and promotes a more "normal" glycolytic pathway, thus ... Thus, one 2,3-DPG molecule is all that is required to change the affinity of an entire haemoglobin tetramer. It binds to the ... Binding of 2,3-DPG to haemoglobin. In the human erythrocyte, 2,3-DPG normally exists in a 5mmol/L concentration, which is ... The concentration of 2,3-DPG inside the erythrocytes *Increased 2,3-DPG (eg. in response to hypoxia or erythropoietin) shifts ...
Blood Substitutes: Overview, Characteristics of an Ideal Blood Substitute, Potential Uses
1, 2] Today, an increase in the number of elective surgeries and the still prevalent but small risk of transmission of blood- ... The product was produced in Escherichia coli and had an intravascular half-life of 2-19 hours and a shelf life of 18 months ... Factors that modify the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen include body temperature, pH of blood and the concentration of 2,3 ... diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG).. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve plots the proportion of hemoglobin in its saturated form on ...
Anesthesia and Analgesia
2. O anesthesia and adjuvants. 56:556-563. 1977 * Aortic valve replacement in a hemodialysis dependent patient: anesthetic ... 131:1-2. 2020 * Benzodiazepines suppress neuromodulatory effects of pudendal nerve stimulation on rat bladder nociception. 130: ... 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Concentrations in Autologous Salvaged Versus Stored Red Blood Cells and in Surgical Patients after ... 131:1-2. 2020 * The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to COVID-19. ...
EC 2.7.2.16
Reaction: ATP + 2-phospho-D-glycerate = ADP + 2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate. Other name(s): pgk2 (gene name). Systematic name: ATP: ... Return to EC 2.7.2 home page. Return to EC 2.7 home page. Return to EC 2 home page. Return to Enzymes home page. Return to ... 2. Lehmacher, A. and Hensel, R. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding 2-phosphoglycerate kinase from ... Comments: The enzyme, found in a number of methanogenic archaeal genera, is involved in the biosynthesis of cyclic 2,3- ...
ENZYME: 3.-.-.
All UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to class 3.-.-.-.. The following ENZYME entries belong to class 3.-.-.-:. 3.1. ... nocturnin 3.1.3.n1 Transferred entry: 3.1.3.86 3.1.3.n2 Transferred entry: 3.1.3.84 3.1.3.n3 Transferred entry: 3.1.3.78 3.1.3. ... calpain-2 3.4.22.54 calpain-3 3.4.22.55 caspase-2 3.4.22.56 caspase-3 3.4.22.57 caspase-4 3.4.22.58 caspase-5 3.4.22.59 caspase ... argonaute-2 3.1.27.1 Transferred entry: 4.6.1.19 3.1.27.2 Transferred entry: 4.6.1.22 3.1.27.3 Transferred entry: 4.6.1.24 3.1. ...
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
Tel: +82-2-792-5128 Fax: +82-2-792-4089 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of ... The Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Concentration and Its Related Factors in Patients with End-stage Liver Disease. Jaemin ... Laryngoscope-Assisted Fiberoptic Intubation in General Anesthesia : A report of 2 cases. Jaemin Lee, Seong Min Han Korean J ... Anatomical Variations Which Can Result in Inadvertent Dural Puncture When Performing Caudal Block: A report of 3 cases. Byung ...
EnzymeMutaseConcentrationPhosphateAdenosineGlycolysisMoleculeHemoglobinPyruvateByproductPathwayCharacterizationFactorsSubstrateAllosteric effectorAnemiaOzoneCellShuntCatalyzesIntracellular2018Partial pressureArterial oxygenCritically illRolePatientsHypoxiaNormalCarbonHaemoglobinBloodLevelsGeneAcidVolumeActivityMetabolism
Enzyme11
- systematic name 2-phosphoglycolate phosphohydrolase), also commonly referred to as phosphoglycolate hydrolase, 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase, P-glycolate phosphatase, and phosphoglycollate phosphatase, is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycolate into glycolate and phosphate: 2-phosphoglycolate + H2O = glycolate + phosphate First studied and purified within plants, phosphoglycolate phosphatase plays a major role in photorespiratory 2-phosphoglycolate metabolism, an essential pathway for photosynthesis in plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Reduced PK activity leads to accumulation of the upstream enzyme substrates, including 2,3- DPG, that favors polymerization of deoxy-HbS. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The enzyme is activated by 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate by transferring CC a phosphate to histidine (His(10) in man and Escherichia coli, His(8) CC in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). (expasy.org)
- These approximate rate laws were: 1) a Michaelis-Menten rate law with measured enzyme parameters, 2) a Michaelis-Menten rate law with approximated parameters, using the convenience kinetics convention, 3) a thermodynamic rate law resulting from a metabolite saturation assumption, and 4) a pure chemical reaction mass action rate law that removes the role of the enzyme from the reaction kinetics. (biomedcentral.com)
- The enzyme, found in a number of methanogenic archaeal genera, is involved in the biosynthesis of cyclic 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, a thermoprotectant. (qmul.ac.uk)
- The following ENZYME entries belong to class 3. (expasy.org)
- GAPDHS (the sperm-specific glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, also known as GAPD2, GAPDS, HSD-35, or GAPDH-2, is a glycolytic enzyme that plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. (abeomics.com)
- Like its somatic cell counterpart, this sperm-specific enzyme functions in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent manner to remove hydrogen and add phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. (abeomics.com)
- Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) (PGK 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) to ADP producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP : 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ⇌ glycerate 3-phosphate + ATP. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- PGK1 is a glycolytic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating an ATP molecule. (prospecbio.com)
- Diphosphoglycerate (DPG) is an enzyme that helps to enable the release of oxygen from the hemoglobin, thus making it available for cellular use. (kotsanisinstitute.com)
Mutase5
- Haggarty NW, Dunbar B, Fothergill LA: The complete amino acid sequence of human erythrocyte diphosphoglycerate mutase. (hmdb.ca)
- Molecular cloning and sequencing of the human erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase cDNA: revised amino acid sequence. (hmdb.ca)
- Cohen-Solal M, Joulin V, Romeo PH, Rosa R, Valentin C, Garel MC, Rosa J: Molecular cloning of the human 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase cDNA and revised amino acid sequence. (hmdb.ca)
- ID 5.4.2.11 DE phosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent). (expasy.org)
- AN 2,3-diphosphoglycerate dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. (expasy.org)
Concentration9
- HbS polymerizes only when deoxygenated, its oxygenation is influenced by a few factors, one key factor being the 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration in the red blood cell. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In addition, increased 2,3- DPG concentration decreases intracellular red cell pH further promoting HbS polymerization. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Factors that modify the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen include body temperature, pH of blood and the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). (medscape.com)
- The Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Concentration and Its Related Factors in Patients with End-stage Liver Disease. (ekja.org)
- Factors that shift the curve include changes in carbon dioxide concentration, blood temperature, blood pH, and the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). (askinghouse.com)
- Concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in RBCs promotes deoxygenation by pref. (ebsco.com)
- Values for p 50 and p x should not be applied if the estimated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration ( c DPG) is less than 1 or higher than 9 mmol/L, unless the result is verified by direct independent measurement of the c DPG, or can be explained by the presence of a hemoglobin variant with abnormal hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. (siggaard-andersen.dk)
- All sporting competitions and appears the possibility that an accepted form of chemical contraception under Pat Dye told me that when he was and 40 mg daily) and placebo on plasma testosterone, LH and FSH levels, red cell Hilma Biocare Turinabol volume and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Hilma Biocare Turinabol concentration in endurance sportsmen were studied using a double-blind test system. (awnry.com)
- Because systemic D o 2 is directly linked to Hb concentration, the most rapid and effective way of increasing D o 2 (within minutes) in anemic patients is by giving an RBC transfusion. (aneskey.com)
Phosphate7
- This phosphate can be transferred to the free OH of 2-phospho-D- CC glycerate, followed by transfer of the phosphate already on the CC phosphoglycerate back to the histidine. (expasy.org)
- The other high energy compoundsinclude ADP,1,3-diphospho glycerate, phosphoenol pyruvate and also creatine phosphate. (brainkart.com)
- Since one molecule of glucose yield 2 molecule of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 2 high energy ATP are produced for one molecule of glucose. (brainkart.com)
- Low phosphate also lead to reduced levels of red cell 2,3- DPG (diphosphoglycerate), thereby increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and reducing oxygen release at the tissue level. (gastrotraining.com)
- It therefore seems logical to provide generous supplements of oral, enteral or intravenous supplements of potassium (likely requirement 2-4 mmol/kg/day), phosphate (likely requirement 0.3-0.6 mmol/kg/day) and magnesium (likely requirement 0.2 mmol/kg/day intravenous, 0.4 mmol/kg/day oral) with feeding unless pre-feeding plasma levels are high. (gastrotraining.com)
- What is the PGK-catalyzed transfer of phosphate group from 1-3-bpg to ADP? (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- [2] Indeed, the reactions that make up glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway , occur in the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes, catalyzed by metal. (wikipedia.org)
Adenosine3
- IMSEAR at SEARO: 2-3 Diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate & reduced glutathione content of rat blood in acute hypoxia. (who.int)
- Native RBCs contain hemoglobin (Hb), which carries oxygen (O 2 ) to cells, thus facilitating efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and cell survival. (aneskey.com)
- CH 3 COCO 2 H ). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). (wikipedia.org)
Glycolysis3
- 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is created in erythrocytes during glycolysis. (openanesthesia.org)
- Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. (uni-freiburg.de)
- PGK1 is one of the central enzymes in the glycolysis pathway, which catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate and generates a molecule of ATP and it has been shown dysregulated in different kinds of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
Molecule3
- Since one molecule of glucose yield 2 molecule of Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate, 2 high energy ATP are produced for one molecule of glucose. (brainkart.com)
- Enolase, with the release of one molecule of H2O, will make phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from 2-phosphoglycerate. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- Phosphoglycerate kinase helps carry out a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which is produced during the breakdown of glucose, to another molecule called 3-phosphoglycerate. (medlineplus.gov)
Hemoglobin5
- 2,3-DPG decreases oxygen binding by preferentially binding to the low oxygen-affinity T conformation of HbS and also stabilizes the T form of hemoglobin S and HbS fiber. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity by controlling the levels of its allosteric effector 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). (hmdb.ca)
- The hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve may be determined in patients with a lifelong history (particularly a familial history) of erythrocytosis with normal oxygen saturation and normal levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. (medscape.com)
- Formulas are available in which the measured arterial and venous oxygen saturations can be used to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen. (medscape.com)
- It is intended for laboratories using a combined blood pH- p CO 2 - p O 2 and O 2 -CO-Met-Hemoglobin analyzer. (siggaard-andersen.dk)
Pyruvate1
- This cycle is a series of ten reactions which ultimately breaks down glucose into pyruvate while generating 2 NADH and 2 ATP molecules. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
Byproduct1
- Incubation of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cells with MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion), the MPTP metabolic oxidation byproduct, mimics oxidative injury in Parkinson's disease [ 2 - 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Pathway3
- 2,3-DPG is an intermediate substrate in the glycolytic pathway, the only source of ATP production in red blood cells. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) (EC 2.7.2.3) is ubiquitously expressed and catalyzes one of the two ATP producing reactions in the glycolytic pathway via the reversible conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- In the second stage of the glycolytic pathway, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) catalyzes the transfer of the acylphosphate group of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to ADP with formation of 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
Characterization1
- Isolation and characterization of 2-phosphoglycerate kinase and cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase from Methanothermus fervidus. (qmul.ac.uk)
Factors1
- The sigmoid oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation relationship is influenced by various physicochemical factors and its position is defined by the Pa o 2 at which 50% of the Hb is saturated (P 50 ), normally 3.5 kPa. (kikuke.com)
Substrate2
- The occurrence of photorespiration in plants, due to the lack of substrate specificity of rubisco, leads to the formation of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate. (wikipedia.org)
- Phosphoglycolate, which is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase and triosephosphate isomerase, must be quickly metabolized and transformed into a useful substrate, and phosphoglycolate phosphatase catalyzes the first step in the regeneration of 3-phosphoglycerate from 2-phosphoglycolate at the expense of energy in the form of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
Allosteric effector2
- Also, it should be recognised that oxygen, as an important homotropic allosteric effector, favours the stabilisation of the quaternary R (relaxed) state of haemoglobin (Hb) allowing for an increase in S aO 2 by a positive feedback mechanism (binding of oxygen to Hb facilitates binding of new oxygen molecules). (ersjournals.com)
- The remarkable increase in tidal volume in a patient with COVID-19 can be understood from the biochemical point of view: elimination of CO 2 , which is a strong heterotropic allosteric effector, will result in stabilisation of Hb's R state and assists its complete oxygenation. (ersjournals.com)
Anemia4
- 1 - 3 Although subjects with PK deficiency show a moderate degree of hemolytic anemia, the most severe cases die in utero 4 , 5 or are transfusion-dependent. (haematologica.org)
- The production of 2,3-DPG is likely an important adaptive mechanism, because the production increases for several conditions in the presence of diminished peripheral tissue O2 availability, such as hypoxemia, chronic lung disease, anemia, and congestive heart failure, among others. (openanesthesia.org)
- Physiological adaptation to anemia: role of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG). (uniben.edu)
- Anemia decreases the capacity of blood to deliver O 2 because of lower Hb content. (aneskey.com)
Ozone1
- During the last 14 years, we have made a great effort to examine ozone therapy in a scientific fashion both at a basic and clinical level, and we now have some ideas how ozone acts, how and why its toxicity can be controlled and how therapeutic effects can be exerted (2-11). (biz.tr)
Cell4
- To participate in this study, you must be at least 2 years old with known or suspected sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, or other red blood cell disorders. (nih.gov)
- Microcirculation alterations cause a reduction of blood flow, red cell sedimentation, and an increase in blood viscosity (2% per degree heat loss), which increases the reduced availability of oxygen in the tissues leading to a hypoxic situation and acidosis [10]. (askinghouse.com)
- About 80% of lung cancer cases are NSCLC, which is composed of three major pathological subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma[2]. (researchsquare.com)
- Red cell volume and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in athletes scand j clin lab invest. (hipnohelp.org)
Shunt1
- Values for p O 2 a and/or p O 2 Alv should not be applied if the estimated functional v-a shunt ( F va) is negative. (siggaard-andersen.dk)
Catalyzes2
- Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
- It catalyzes conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and ADP [ 15 , 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
Intracellular4
- In addition, the majority of the identified PK gene mutations are missense mutations, 2 , 3 and previous studies revealed that there were some kinetically aberrant enzymes, which showed normal intracellular stability in erythroid cells. (haematologica.org)
- Diagram showing the importance of local capillary oxygen tension and diffusion distance in determining the rate of oxygen delivery and the intracellular P o 2 . (kikuke.com)
- On the left there is a low capillary P o 2 and pressure gradient for oxygen diffusion with an increased diffusion distance resulting in low intracellular and mitochondrial P o 2 . (kikuke.com)
- On the right the higher P o 2 pressure gradient and the shorter diffusion distance result in significantly higher intracellular P o 2 values. (kikuke.com)
20181
- 2018 Feb;176(2):1182-1198. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
Partial pressure1
- where Sa o 2 is arterial oxygen saturation and Pa o 2 is partial pressure of arterial oxygen. (aneskey.com)
Arterial oxygen1
- However, in the lower panels an increased intercapillary distance, as would occur with tissue oedema, reducing D o 2 by progressive falls in arterial oxygen tension results in a change in the D o 2 /V o 2 relationship with V o 2 falling at much higher levels of global D o 2 . (kikuke.com)
Critically ill1
- In a group of critically ill patients prostacyclin increased both D o 2 and V o 2 and this was interpreted as indicating that there was a previously unidentified oxygen debt. (kikuke.com)
Role1
- The role of vasodilators is less well defined: tissue perfusion is frequently already compromised by systemic hypotension and a reduced systemic vascular resistance, and their effect on regional distribution is unpredictable and may impair blood flow to vital organs despite increasing global D o 2 . (kikuke.com)
Patients7
- These biochemical processes may improve the S aO 2 in patients with decreased Hb-O 2 affinity in alveolar capillaries without any V ʹ A / Q ʹ mismatch. (ersjournals.com)
- A discussion of CO 2 gas exchange mechanisms will further clarify the course of events resulting in hypoxaemia in COVID-19 patients. (ersjournals.com)
- Also, due to the low resistance to diffusion of CO 2 , P aCO 2 - P ETCO 2 gap is maintained unchanged in cases when patients have oxygen diffusion limitations [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- Surprisingly, COVID-19 patients may achieve a high P aCO 2 - P ETCO 2 gap, sometimes exceeding the predicted cut-off values of mortality in non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients ( i.e. 10-15 mmHg) [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- 5 ] in type L COVID-19 pneumonia patients, we have found a median P aCO 2 - P ETCO 2 gap for supine position of 20.6 mmHg and 14.9 mmHg for prone position. (ersjournals.com)
- 6 ] reported a P aCO 2 - P ETCO 2 gap of 15 mmHg in COVID-19 patients who need a high F IO 2 to maintain S aO 2 . (ersjournals.com)
- 27 Studies in patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure have also shown that it is Pa o https://datingranking.net/cs/nostringsattached-recenze/ 2 rather than D o 2 -that is, diffusion rather than convection-that has the major influence on outcome. (kikuke.com)
Hypoxia2
- Ever since Charles Darwin published his book 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' nearly years ago (Darwin, ), adaptive evolution has remained a critical research particular interest are insights from hypoxia-tolerant animals - species adapted to oxygen (O 2) poor aquatic or terrestrial environments (Nathaniel et al. (innovationoptimiser.com)
- Therefore, in cases of "happy" hypoxia or silent hypoxaemia, an exaggerated increase in S aO 2 with minimal hyperoxia may take place due to the allosteric effects of oxygen rather than V ʹ A / Q ʹ maldistribution. (ersjournals.com)
Normal2
- 3-phosphogylcerate is the normal product of carboxylation and will enter the Calvin cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- With a normal intercapillary distance illustrated in the top panels the D o 2 /V o 2 relationship is the same for all interventions. (kikuke.com)
Carbon1
- Hence, a decreased V ʹ A / Q ʹ ratio will result in a higher alveolar ( P ACO 2 ) and arterial carbon dioxide tension ( P aCO 2 ), but won't change the P aCO 2 and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension ( P ETCO 2 ) gap [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Haemoglobin1
- The effect of 2,3-DPG on haemoglobin is profound. (derangedphysiology.com)
Blood2
- 2004 - elevated blood pressure [3,4]. (hipnohelp.org)
- 2 is reduced by anaemia or low blood flow. (kikuke.com)
Levels2
- High levels of 2,3-DPG shift the curve to the right, while low levels of 2,3-DPG cause a leftward shift, seen in states such as septic shock and hypophosphatemia. (openanesthesia.org)
- 7 ], the P aCO 2 - P ETCO 2 gap is reached at very high levels of 33 mmHg (18-40 mmHg). (ersjournals.com)
Gene1
- 2. Lehmacher, A. and Hensel, R. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding 2-phosphoglycerate kinase from Methanothermus fervidus. (qmul.ac.uk)
Acid1
- Freshly ejaculated human sperms were washed in PBS and extracted in 3% acetic acid, 10% glycerol, 30 mM benzaminidine. (abeomics.com)
Volume1
- The volume of lungs depends on (1) difference in pressure between inside and outside of the lungs, called transpulmonary pressure and (2) stretchability of the lungs, called lung compliance . (biologyonline.com)
Activity1
- Since the discovery of its activity in plants, it has been purified within human cells and implicated in 2,3-DPG regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism1
- At that altitude, nearly all of the available oxygen is required to support basal metabolism, and the climbing rate near the summit drops to 2 m/min. (medscape.com)