Folate

Folate

Vitamin A

Impact of health on intelligence

Κατάθλιψη - Βικιπαίδεια

National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad

Pantothenic acid

Public health intervention

Vitamin D

Sodium selenate

Nutrition International (Organization)

Thiamine deficiency

Thiamine

Folate

Riboflavin - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thiamine deficiency

Neural tube defect

Riboflavin

Iron

Food fortification

Universal Primary Education

Folate deficiency

Thiamine

Coenzyme Q10

Iodine deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency

Ubikinon - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija

Nutrition and cognition

Coenzyme Q10

Wheat production in the United States

Deficient20

• Before fortification began, approximately 12 percent of women of childbearing age were deficient in folate, as determined by blood folate levels. (cdc.gov)
• For this reason, studies and research were directed toward fortifying consumed food with vitamins that are most likely to be deficient and their deficiency could pose tremendous health problems. (intechopen.com)
• An estimated 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient, with about 250,000 to 500,000 becoming blind every year and half of these dying within 12 months of losing their sight. (nutraingredients.com)
• DSM is handing its developing world vitamin A-based anti-blindness project, Sight and Life, to Vitamin Angels, the charity that has connected ingredient suppliers with more than 24m children, especially those who are vitamin A deficient. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
• These findings are important as researchers discovered that 1 in 8 older Irish adults are deficient in vitamin D. (psychcentral.com)
• Elevated homocysteine has been identified as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, and can result from deficient intake of folic acid and vitamin B12. (lifeextension.com)
• One out of every two people are vitamin D deficient. (ecochildsplay.com)
• In the UK, the average daily vitamin D intake is below the Reference Nutritional Intake of 400 IU per day, and 20% of adults and 16% of children aged between 11 and 18 years are estimated to be deficient in Vitamin D. (fabresearch.org)
• While most people are not deficient in B vitamins (since these vitamins are can be easily obtained from foods in the U.S. and Canada), older people and those taking medication to reduce stomach acid may be low in B-12 and taking it can help slow age-related decline in memory . (consumerlab.com)
• Before fortification, approximately 12 percent of women of childbearing age were deficient in folate, which is essential prior to and during pregnancy to help prevent some major birth defects of the brain and spine, such as spina bifida. (foodsafetynews.com)
• Vitamin B12 and Sensory and Motor Peripheral Nerve Function - Medscape, 7/13/12 - 'Deficient B12 status is associated with worse sensory and motor nerve function in older adults. (qualitycounts.com)
• In a study of adults aged 20 and over, researchers at Tufts University showed that homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are at much higher levels in individuals who have a combination of vitamin B12 deficiency and high blood folate levels than in individuals who are also vitamin B12 deficient but have normal folate levels. (medicalxpress.com)
• Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, compounds used by enzymes that contain vitamin B12, accumulate in the blood in patients who are vitamin B12 deficient. (medicalxpress.com)
• In an earlier study, Selhub and co-authors Martha Savaria Morris, Ph.D., and Paul Jacques, D.Sc, also of the USDA HNRCA, have shown that the prevalence of anemia and cognitive impairment among U.S. elderly who are vitamin B12 deficient is much worse if this B12 deficiency is also accompanied by high blood folate rather than normal blood folate. (medicalxpress.com)
• Approximately one billion people worldwide are deficient in at least one vitamin or mineral (also known of micronutrients). (cochrane.org)
• Over a billion people around the world are vitamin D deficient or insufficient [ 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
• Vitamin B12 is injected into the body for pernicious anemia , to prevent and treat vitamin B12 deficiency, and to prevent and treat a nervous system disorder called myelopathy, which can occur in people who are vitamin B12 deficient. (rxlist.com)
• She emphasised that one in four children under the age of five suffers from vitamin A deficiency, 31 percent of mothers in Nigeria are iodine deficient. (vanguardngr.com)
• Severely vitamin D-deficient athletes present smaller hearts than sufficient athletes. (springer.com)
• Today it is a safe assumption that a patient is deficient in this very important vitamin - particularly if they present with a fracture - which is why checking their D3 levels is a standard part of our lab work up," said Dr. Sanders. (sandersclinic.net)

Prevalence21

• Food fortification can be effective in reducing the prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. (mdpi.com)
• The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. (mdpi.com)
• What is the global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency? (medscape.com)
• A greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency exists in Middle Eastern countries. (medscape.com)
• Seasonal prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in institutionalized older adults. (medscape.com)
• Prevalence of risk of deficiency and inadequacy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US children: NHANES 2003-2006. (medscape.com)
• Approximately 250,000-500,000 children in developing countries become blind each year owing to vitamin A deficiency, with the highest prevalence in Southeast Asia and Africa. (wikipedia.org)
• Although the prevalence of anaemia has often been used as a proxy indicator for iron deficiency anaemia, this approach is not valid in settings where the etiology of anaemia is complex or unknown or where other micronutrient deficiencies of folate, vitamin B and vitamin A can co-exist. (who.int)
• countries of the Region was studied in Among infants from 6 months on- 1995 [ 7 ] although the terms anaemia and wards, a high prevalence of anaemia is re- iron deficiency anaemia were used inter- ported, with iron deficiency anaemia being changeably. (who.int)
• The prevalence rate of anaemia the single most important cause [ 11,12 ]. (who.int)
• Preschool children were more af- the prevalence of anaemia has ranged be- fected than women, with reported preva- tween 20% and 70%, again mostly attribut- lence in excess of 60% in many countries ed to iron deficiency [ 15-18 ], in addition to [ 7 ]. (who.int)
• Although not the objective of this paper, it is worth mentioning that an adequate intake of some micronutrients, mainly vitamins E and C, sometimes at levels higher than the established recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), may play an important role in reducing the prevalence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems. (unu.edu)
• This indicates that the worsening of the vitamin B12 deficiency, as indicated by higher homocysteine and methylmalonic acid due to high blood folate, is also manifested clinically through higher prevalence of anemia and cognitive impairment. (medicalxpress.com)
• Sight and Life and WFP Supplement: Scaling up Rice Fortification in West Africa In West Africa, the prevalence and impact of micronutrient deficiencies are significant, and anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency remain of public health concern. (unscn.org)
• Deficiency is most common in the elderly, with an average prevalence ≈25% over age 60 y. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Because of the prevalence of deficiency in those over age 60 y, it is generally recommended that the elderly consume a higher proportion of their cobalamin from fortified foods than what is recommended for younger people. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Prevalence and Predictors of Subclinical Micronutrient Deficiency in German Older Adults: Results from the Population-Based KORA-Age Study. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)
• The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes is currently unclear. (springer.com)
• The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes. (springer.com)
• Despite the limitations of the current evidence, the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes is prominent. (springer.com)
• The prevalence of injuries in athletes is notable but its association with vitamin D status is unclear. (springer.com)

Intake40

• To prevent vitamin D deficiency, the recommended intake of vitamin D is 400 IU per day for infants and children with inadequate sun exposure, and 400 to 600 IU per day for adults with inadequate sun exposure. (aafp.org)
• These results call for renewed efforts to ensure adequate vitamin D intake among growing children and adolescents. (redorbit.com)
• The 1997 Institute of Medicine guidelines for dietary intake of vitamin D were meant to prevent the seasonal increase in PTH associated with lower vitamin D status, assuming little or no cutaneous production of vitamin D (10). (redorbit.com)
• Mandatory fortification does exist in the US, Canada, and Finland, where staple foods, such as fluid milk, are fortified and have been shown to increase vitamin D intake consistent with dietary intake guidelines proposed by the Institute of Medicine (16). (redorbit.com)
• Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency: new guidelines for vitamin D intake. (medscape.com)
• There's debate these days about whether to revise the recommendations to reduce the goal for calcium intake (or at least de-emphasize it) and raise the goal for vitamin D (to 1,000 IU or even more). (harvard.edu)
• The most important vitamin D metabolite measurable in the serum is the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), which constitutes the major circulating form that can safely be correlated with skin production and dietary intake. (scielo.br)
• Groups of the UK population have poor vitamin D status, particularly those with low sun exposure and/or poor dietary intake. (lshtm.ac.uk)
• Fortification therefore provides an opportunity for improving vitamin 0 intakes and status in the UK However, there remains much uncertainty surrounding vitamin D, in particular around intake and status levels required for optimum health and the analytical methods used to determine these. (lshtm.ac.uk)
• The USPSTF did not review the evidence on folic acid food fortification, counseling to increase dietary intake, or screening for neural tube defects. (annals.org)
• A primary vitamin A deficiency occurs among children and adults who do not consume an adequate intake of provitamin A carotenoids from fruits and vegetables or preformed vitamin A from animal and dairy products. (wikipedia.org)
• In November 1998, food fortification with folic acid was mandated in Canada, as a public health strategy to increase the folic acid intake of all women of childbearing age. (biomedcentral.com)
• The average dietary intake of folic acid due to fortification was 70 μg/day in women aged 19-44 years and 74 μg/day in seniors. (biomedcentral.com)
• Because of concern that public education campaigns alone would not be effective in achieving optimal periconceptional folic acid intake for the majority of women, food fortification with folic acid was proposed as a strategy to ensure that all women of childbearing age increase their dietary intake of this vitamin. (biomedcentral.com)
• Purpose Fortification of foods with vitamin D may be a population-based solution to low vitamin D intake. (paperity.org)
• Four different foods were used as potential foods to fortify with vitamin D. Results The vitamin D intake was below the Average Requirement (AR) of 7.5 µg/day for 88% of the assessed women. (paperity.org)
• Conclusions In a Danish female population with a low vitamin D intake, low-dose fortification of different foods with vitamin D may be an effective and safe population-based approach. (paperity.org)
• For the six studies using microbiologic assay (MA) included in the meta-analysis, we estimate that a 6% (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 4%, 9%) increase in red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration and a 7% (95% CrI: 1%, 12%) increase in serum /plasma folate concentration can occur for every 10% increase in natural food folate intake. (tripdatabase.com)
• Alcoholics exhibit another B-1 deficiency syndrome (Wernicke-Korsakoff), because they often replace food intake with alcohol while decreasing the absorption of B-complex vitamins. (fsu.edu)
• Whole Health Source: Does the Vitamin and Mineral Content of Food Influence Our Food Intake and Body Fatness? (blogspot.com)
• Micronutrient deficiencies are often associated with a reduction of appetite, not usually an increase, suggesting that the body does not generally attempt to increase overall food intake to correct a deficiency. (blogspot.com)
• However, a major cause of Fe deficiency is poor intake of Fe, due to low bioavailability from plant-based diets containing mineral absorption inhibitors as polyphenols and phytates. (biomedcentral.com)
• Hormonal changes associated with menstruation, child-bearing, and menopause mean that women have a higher risk of anemia, weakened bones, and osteoporosis, requiring a higher intake of nutrients such as iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin B9 (folate). (lose-weight-exercise.com)
• Micronutrient powders (MNP) are single-dose packets containing multiple vitamins and minerals in powder form that can be sprinkled onto any semi-solid food.The use of MNP for home or point-of-use fortification of complementary foods has been proposed as an intervention for improving micronutrient intake in children under two years of age. (unboundmedicine.com)
• A high intake of folic acid may correct megaloblastic anemia, which is caused by a deficiency in B12 or folic acid. (qualitycounts.com)
• In fact, well over half of the foods profiled on our site contain at least 5% of the Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI) for vitamin B2. (whfoods.com)
• The response of nutrient status and biochemical processes in (i) Wistar and (ii) spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats upon dietary intake of selenium- (Se-) enriched defatted rapeseed (DRS) and/or vitamin E fortification was examined to assess the health benefit of DRS in animal nutrition. (hindawi.com)
• The research debate over vitamin D has focused partly on its roles in the body, and more recently on its optimal levels in the body and on the relationship of those levels to dietary intake. (whfoods.com)
• Originally, recommended intake for vitamin D by the National Academy of Sciences was approximately 200 IU (5 micrograms of cholecalciferol). (whfoods.com)
• Finally, recommended daily intake of vitamin D is controversial because scientists aren't certain about the relationship between blood levels of this vitamin and disease risk. (whfoods.com)
• From a health standpoint, our WHFoods recommendations always focus on whole, natural foods, and if you regularly enjoy our recipes, you will be likely to do just as well as the average U.S. adult in your food-based intake of folate, without resorting to fortification or enrichment. (whfoods.com)
• Dozens of our recipes contain more than half of the recommended daily intake level for this B vitamin. (whfoods.com)
• Dietary vitamin D intake, cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a sex‐based analysis from the ATTICA cohort study. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)
• When people do not eat animal products, vitamin B12 intake can be low. (dsm.com)
• Americans' intake of the 40 essential micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and other biochemicals that humans require) is commonly thought to be adequate. (redorbit.com)
• It is a distortion of priorities for much of the world's population to have an inadequate intake of a vitamin or mineral, at great cost to health, when a year's supply of a daily multivitamin-mineral pill as insurance against deficiencies costs less than a few packs of cigarettes. (redorbit.com)
• Only a supplement that contains the entire spectrum of vitamin E compounds can be expected to provide the maximum protection that a balanced intake of vitamin E compounds supplies … and that includes d-alpha tocopherol, high gamma tocopherol, mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols. (smart-publications.com)
• Vitamin D fortification of foods provides a steady, low-level intake of vitamin D that has virtually eliminated profound vitamin D deficiency in several countries. (ki.se)
• W orried about the epidemic of malnutrition among Nigerian children, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, NAFDAC, yesterday called for expansion of the country's food fortification programme considering the devastating effect of malnutrition and poor dietary intake among Nigerians. (vanguardngr.com)
• Until the 1800s, vitamins were obtained solely through food intake, and changes in diet (which, for example, could occur during a particular growing season) can alter the types and amounts of vitamins ingested. (wikidoc.org)

Nutrients18

• The report also found that deficiency rates for vitamins and nutrients vary by age, gender, or race/ethnicity and can be as high as 31 percent for vitamin D deficiency in non-Hispanic blacks. (cdc.gov)
• For most nutrients, the low deficiency rates, less than 1 to 10 percent, are encouraging, but higher deficiency rates in certain age and race/ethnic groups are a concern and need additional attention," said Christine Pfeiffer, Ph.D., lead researcher, in the Division of Laboratory Sciences in CDC's National Center for Environmental Health. (cdc.gov)
• Separating out nutrients this way makes the guidelines relatively easy to understand and probably does help us avoid the classic diseases of nutritional deficiency, such as scurvy (not enough vitamin C) or pellagra (not enough niacin). (harvard.edu)
• Fortification is the addition of nutrients to foods to improve their nutritional quality. (cochrane.org)
• Despite often being touted as "natural" , supplemental vitamins are actually often synthetic, vitamin pills are not often found growing from wild plants, and it might be shocking to know that prehistoric humans did not forage for bottled hyper-saturated nutrients in the bushes. (rationalwiki.org)
• Interestingly, state liquor laws usually prohibit adding vitamins and other nutrients to alcohol products because of a historic separation of foods and spirits dating back to Prohibition. (fsu.edu)
• So it was heartening to see Monday's CDC press release announcing that the U.S. population, for the most part, is getting enough essential vitamins and nutrients - specifically vitamins A and D and folate - even though some groups need to address dietary deficiencies. (foodsafetynews.com)
• The interventions lasted between two and 12 months and the powder formulations contained between five and 15 nutrients. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Folates are a group of vitamins and are essential nutrients for humans. (frontiersin.org)
• Additionally, vitamin B2 plays a role in the chemistry of other nutrients involved in energy production, including folate and vitamin B6 . (whfoods.com)
• Vitamin B2 is one of many nutrients required to recycle glutathione, which is one of the most important antioxidants in the human body. (whfoods.com)
• In addition to leafy greens, which are rich sources of a wide array of nutrients, we see other Brassica vegetables (including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts), peppers, root vegetables, and squash on the list of vitamin B2-rich foods. (whfoods.com)
• Vitamin D is one of the most intensely studied yet widely debated nutrients in health research over the past decades. (whfoods.com)
• Of the World's Healthiest Foods, we list one excellent, two very good, and three good sources of vitamin D. Needless to say, this is a much shorter list than we see with other nutrients and will present a challenge to the goal of meeting needs with diet alone. (whfoods.com)
• Luckily, however, unlike other nutrients, vitamin D is a nutrient that we have the opportunity to increase by increasing our exposure to sunlight, and for some people, this combination of diet-plus-sunlight might provide an acceptable amount of this vitamin. (whfoods.com)
• A multinutrient supplement should be designed for one thing: to provide you with the ability to balance a typical, average diet with proper amounts and ratios of the vitamins, minerals, amino acids and antioxidant nutrients to make that diet more nutritionally complete. (smart-publications.com)
• Unlike traditional means to add nutrients to food in the processing stages, bio-fortification seeks to do this while staple plants are being grown, and these new crops could reach those who lack access to centrally processed fortified foods, she said. (hindustantimes.com)
• The term vitamin does not include other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals , essential fatty acids , or essential amino acids , nor does it encompass the large number of other nutrients that promote health but that are not essential for life. (wikidoc.org)

Abstract1

• Henderson, Amanda M;Aleliunas, Rika E;Loh, Su Peng;Khor, Geok Lin;Harvey-Leeson, Sarah;Glier, Melissa B;Kitts, David D;Green, Tim J;Devlin, Angela M 2018-06-07 00:00:00 Abstract Background Folic acid fortification of grains is mandated in many countries to prevent neural tube defects. (deepdyve.com)

Cobalamin5

• There are eight B vitamins generally known as thiamin (B-1), riboflavin (B-2), niacin (B-3), pantothenic acid (B-5), pyridoxine (B-6), biotin (B-7), folate (folic acid, B-9), and cobalamin (B-12). (consumerlab.com)
• Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is highly prevalent in the US and worldwide. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Within cells, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and its other forms, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, serve as cofactors to methionine synthase, an enzyme involved in the methylation of DNA and histone proteins. (dsm.com)
• Methylcobalamin, the most abundant cobalamin form in the brain, was found to be 12 times lower in the brains of healthy older people than healthy younger people. (dsm.com)
• Note that although methionine synthesis requires cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) in many organisms, methionine synthesis in S. cerevisiae is cobalamin independent. (genetics.org)

Serum22

• Previous analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted after folic acid fortification of flour, indicated that the combination of low serum vitamin B12 and elevated serum folate was associated with higher serum homocysteine (Hcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA), and greater risk of cognitive impairment and anemia, compared to the combination of low serum B12 and normal serum folate. (usda.gov)
• Background: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that in older adults exposed to folic acid fortification, the combination of low serum vitamin B-12 and elevated folate is associated with higher concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and higher odds ratios for cognitive impairment and anemia than the combination of low vitamin B-12 and nonelevated folate. (usda.gov)
• Dietary 25(OH)D3 was 7.14-fold more effective at raising serum 25(OH)D than dietary vitamin D3. (intechopen.com)
• Deficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 20 ng per mL (50 nmol per L), and insufficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 20 to 30 ng per mL (50 to 75 nmol per L). The goal of treatment is to normalize vitamin D levels to relieve symptoms and decrease the risk of fractures, falls, and other adverse health outcomes. (aafp.org)
• Normal serum vitamin D levels. (medscape.com)
• Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2. (medscape.com)
• Folate" is the term used to name the many forms of the vitamin - namely folic acid and its congeners , including tetrahydrofolic acid (the activated form of the vitamin), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in the serum), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid, and folacin. (wikipedia.org)
• Samples were collected in the fasting state and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours following the administration of capsules and oily drops (both containing vitamin D3 66,000 UI plus vitamin A 13,200 UI) to determine serum 25 hydroxivitamin D concentrations (25OHD), at baseline and 90 days after. (scielo.br)
• If vitamin A is added, it may reduce the risk of having vitamin A deficiency and when folic acid is added, fortified rice may slightly increase serum folate concentrations. (cochrane.org)
• Furthermore, consumption of vitamin A in the fortified rice, may make little difference on haemoglobin and serum retinol concentrations (a biomarker of vitamin A nutrition). (cochrane.org)
• Fortification of rice with iron and other micronutrients such as vitamin A or folic acid may make little or no difference in the risk of having vitamin A deficiency or on the serum folate concentration. (cochrane.org)
• In a study published in the June 7 2005 Canadian Medical Association Journal ( http://www.cmaj.ca/ ), J. David Spence, MD of the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario and colleagues measured serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in 215 men and 206 women who were referred to vascular disease prevention clinics. (lifeextension.com)
• Seventeen percent of the patients were determined to have a vitamin B12 deficiency, defined as serum B12 levels of less than 258 picomoles per liter (found in half the patients) with homocysteine greater than 14 micromoles per liter or methylmalonic acid levels greater than 271 nanomoles per liter. (lifeextension.com)
• There were significant increases in serum and RBC folate levels for women and seniors after mandatory fortification. (biomedcentral.com)
• Folic - acid Deficiency in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relation of Levels of Serum Folic - acid Activity of Treatment with Phenylbutazone 5910105 1966 06 26 2018 11 13 0007-1447 1 5490 1966 Mar 26 British medical journal Br Med J Folic - acid deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis: relation of levels of serum folic - acid activity to treatment with phenylbutazone. (tripdatabase.com)
• Metabolic B12 deficiency is very common, and usually missed, because most physicians think that a serum B12 level in the reference range (~ 160-600 pmol/L) excludes vitamin B12 deficiency. (j-alz.com)
• 14 µmol/L. Using that definition, among patients referred to a stroke prevention clinic, metabolic B12 deficiency or B12 deficiency with serum levels below the reference range was present in 30% of patients age 70 or higher . (j-alz.com)
• The mean serum zinc concentration was increased at 12 months (0.44 μmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.83, P = 0.028). (otago.ac.nz)
• Conclusion: Sprinkles, delivered through government health services, reduced anaemia and iron deficiency, and increased mean serum zinc concentration in Cambodian infants. (otago.ac.nz)
• Children who drink non-cow's milk beverages are more likely to have low serum vitamin D levels than those who drink cow's milk according to a study of 3,000 children in Canada. (thesoyfoodscouncil.com)
• These two vitamin D metabolites (called 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D) are measured in serum to determine a person's vitamin D status. (wikipedia.org)
• Serum 25(OH)D is measured to clinically determine vitamin D status. (springer.com)

20183

• Endocr Rev . 2018 Oct 12. (medscape.com)
• Furthermore, it is now acknowledged that you need less of many B vitamins than believed in the past , but % Daily Value figures on labels don't have to reflect this until 2018 or later. (consumerlab.com)
• We searched clinicaltrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) for any ongoing or planned studies on 17 January 2018 and contacted authors of such studies to obtain further information or eligible data if available.For assistance in identifying ongoing or unpublished studies, we also contacted relevant international organisations and agencies working in food fortification on 9 August 2016. (unboundmedicine.com)

Niacin6

• In the 1920s and 1940s fortification of salt with iodine, fortification of wheat flour with iron, vitamins B 1 and B 2 , and niacin, fortification of milk with vitamins A and D, and fortification of margarine with vitamins A and D were fully evaluated and included as part of national intervention programmes in several countries. (unu.edu)
• Some more recent successful examples of efforts to prevent deficiencies include fortification of sugar with vitamin A in Central America, fortification of precooked corn flour with vitamins A, B 1 and B 2 , and niacin and iron in Venezuela, and fortification of a milk substitute and biscuits with several micronutrients as part of the complementary feeding programmes in Peru. (unu.edu)
• This study newly identified a link between schizophrenia and a variant of the gene NAPRT1, which lowers the body's ability to use niacin, or Vitamin B3, which naturally occurs in meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. (scitechdaily.com)
• The researchers speculate that there is a critical interaction between an expectant mother's prenatal niacin deficiency due to malnourishment and the NAPRT1 variant that impedes the fetus' ability to use niacin. (scitechdaily.com)
• The presence of a gene inhibiting the uptake of niacin may explain why people with schizophrenia do not show the same reddening of the skin in response to large doses: they simply have a lower ability to absorb the vitamin. (scitechdaily.com)
• This would result in the patients being misclassified as having schizophrenia instead of the easily treatable psychosis associated with niacin deficiency. (scitechdaily.com)

Folic acid defic9

• Folate in the form of folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
• In this era of folic acid fortification in which many cases of folic acid deficiency have been corrected, low vitamin B12 levels have become a major determinant of elevated homocysteine and increased atherosclerotic plaque. (lifeextension.com)
• Folic Acid GN5P7K3T8S Phenylbutazone H806S4B3NS Oxyphenbutazone P6YC3EG204 Vitamin B 12 AIM IM Anemia, Macrocytic etiology Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy metabolism Blood Female Folic Acid metabolism Folic Acid Deficiency etiology Humans Male Oxyphenbutazone Phenylbutazone adverse effects Vitamin B 12 1966 3 26 1966 3 26 0 1 1966 3 26 0 0 ppublish 5910105 PMC1844524 Med Klin (Munich). (tripdatabase.com)
• Folic acid deficiency, often together with a lack of vitamin B12, can cause megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia. (drlam.com)
• Over the past four decades, numerous studies have shown a high incidence of folate or folic acid deficiency correlated with a wide variety of illness, especially mental symptoms. (drlam.com)
• This means the average American has a folic acid deficiency. (drlam.com)
• The NSAID anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and ibuprofen, deplete folic acid and could potentially lead to a folic acid deficiency. (drlam.com)
• A folic acid deficiency has serious implications to health. (drlam.com)
• Folic acid deficiency at the time of conception is known to increase risk for birth defects such as spina bifida. (drlam.com)

Food fortification to improve vitamin2

• The researchers said their findings "support the introduction of public health measures such as food fortification to improve vitamin D status in settings where profound vitamin D deficiency is common. (hon.ch)
• By demonstrating this new benefit of vitamin D, the study strengthens the case for introducing food fortification to improve vitamin D levels in countries where profound vitamin D deficiency is common. (ki.se)

Micronutrients7

• Fortification of rice with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients may make little or no difference in the risk of having anaemia but probably reduces the risk of iron deficiency and increases mean haemoglobin concentrations in population aged two years or above. (cochrane.org)
• We are uncertain about whether rice fortification with iron and other micronutrients reduces the risk of having anaemia although this intervention may increase mean haemoglobin concentrations (a biomarker of anaemia). (cochrane.org)
• We are uncertain if fortification of rice with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients as compared to without any fortification, reduces the risk of iron deficiency. (cochrane.org)
• Fortification of rice with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients may make little or no difference in the risk of having anaemia or presenting iron deficiency and we are uncertain about an increase in mean haemoglobin concentrations in the general population older than 2 years of age. (cochrane.org)
• Iron, vitamin A, and iodine have gained more attention, but deficiencies of other micronutrients are also relevant. (unu.edu)
• Vitamins are micronutrients which are required in very small amounts for specific physiologic processes. (rationalwiki.org)
• Oni who spoke during the National Fortification Alliance, NFA, meeting in Lagos said these micronutrients contribute significantly to good health and are necessary for proper growth and development of the body for survival. (vanguardngr.com)

Anaemia and iron deficiency4

• Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders is an effective intervention to reduce anaemia and iron deficiency in children six months to 23 months of age. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Several programmes around the world have fortified maize flour and other maize-derived foodstuffs with iron and other vitamins and minerals to combat anaemia and iron deficiency. (unboundmedicine.com)
• The review found that children receiving iron-containing MNP for point-of-use fortification of foods were at significantly lower risk of having anaemia and iron deficiency and had higher haemoglobin concentrations. (cochrane.org)
• Point-of-use fortification of foods with MNPs containing iron reduces anaemia and iron deficiency in preschool- and school-age children and seems feasible for public health purposes. (cochrane.org)

Nutritional13

• One of the most popular nutritional deficiencies in Lebanon and the Middle East is vitamin D deficiency. (intechopen.com)
• Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health. (medscape.com)
• The aim of this Cochrane Review was to assess whether rice fortification with one or more vitamins and minerals in the general population aged two years or older improves nutritional status. (cochrane.org)
• Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene). (wikipedia.org)
• Anaemia remains a widespread public ders or nutritional deficiencies of folate and health problem with major consequences vitamin B as well as HIV/AIDS [ 4 ]. (who.int)
• In the era of folate fortification, B12 is the main nutritional determinant of elevated tHcy [2, (j-alz.com)
• To assess the effects and safety of home (point-of-use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders on nutritional, health and developmental outcomes in children under two years of age. (unboundmedicine.com)
• 4, 5 Unfortunately, their shotgun approach to curing neural tube birth defects puts the entire U.S population at risk for death and disability from other serious diseases and nutritional deficiencies. (thepaleodiet.com)
• The effect of nutritional deficiency on H3K79 methylation was less pronounced, but was exacerbated in S. cerevisiae carrying a hypomorphic allele of Dot1 , the enzyme responsible for H3K79 methylation. (genetics.org)
• Histone methylation was also found to respond to nutritional deficiency in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in human cells in culture. (genetics.org)
• A potential source of such perturbations affecting SAM synthesis could come from nutritional deficiencies. (genetics.org)
• A sophisticated stable isotope technique will measure their vitamin A levels to determine how the bio-fortified products could combat nutritional deficiencies. (hindustantimes.com)
• This study provides important insights into how higher CO 2 concentrations could affect the nutritional quality of multiple varieties of rice, identifying for the first time that the concentrations of B vitamins will be reduced with greater emissions of CO 2 . (phys.org)

Iodine1

• Iodine deficiency disorders include mental retardation, hypothyroidism, goiter, cretinism, and varying degrees of other growth and developmental abnormalities. (cdc.gov)

Benefits of folic acid2

• Do the benefits of folic acid fortification outweigh the risk of masking vitamin B 12 deficiency? (bmj.com)
• These data should be considered when assessing the potential costs, risks, and benefits of folic acid and vitamin B-12 fortification programs. (mysciencework.com)

Neural tube de6

• She has served on numerous expert scientific panels, including the Food and Drug Administration's Folate Subcommittee, which addressed the fortification of cereal grain products with folic acid in an effort to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. (nap.edu)
• Folic acid or vitamin B deficiency amongst mothers-to-be is strongly linked to 'neural tube defects' with babies being born with brain, spine and spinal cord problems. (nutraingredients.com)
• Evidence has been accumulating showing the enormous impact of marginal deficiencies of vitamin A on infant and maternal mortality and morbidity, of iron on IQ in children and working capacity in the whole population, and of folic acid on neural tube defects. (unu.edu)
• 20 In the six year period (1990-1996) before mandatory folic acid fortification, the average number of neural tube defects per year in the U.S was 1,582. (thepaleodiet.com)
• In the first year (1998-1999) following fortification neural tube defects dropped to 1,337 thereby preventing 245 cases of these diseases. (thepaleodiet.com)
• Updated estimates of neural tube defects prevented by mandatory folic acid fortification - United States, 1995-2011. (dsm.com)

Absorption10

• Vitamin D facilitates the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and plays an important role in bone mineralization (1). (redorbit.com)
• Vitamin D is known to be liposoluble, and its relative bioavailability could result in unfavorable conditions when administered in solid form (capsules), since the process of its release is a factor limiting the rate of absorption, bearing in mind that bioavailability is related not only to the pharmaceutically active molecules, but also, and most importantly, to the formulation and excipients used. (scielo.br)
• combined with fortified Orange juice (vitamin C) for absorption as a pre workout beverage of collagen for repair and growth. (coupmedia.org)
• The known role of vitamin D in increasing the absorption of calcium and phosphate, which are incorporated in the mineral of bone, has long driven interest in its potential preventive benefits for bone health. (medscape.com)
• There is some debate about how this occurs, with some scientists believing that vitamin B2 is necessary to mobilize iron from storage to incorporate into cells, and others believing that vitamin B2 deficiency impairs iron absorption. (whfoods.com)
• However, considering that sufficient vitamin D is usually produced by daily exposure to sunlight, it is not surprising that the body has not evolved a more efficient mechanism for dietary vitamin D absorption (Norman and Henry, 2007). (dsm.com)
• Effect of hypochlorhydria due to omeprazole treatment or atrophic gastritis on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. (cmaj.ca)
• Injecting vitamin B12 as a shot for 10 days followed by monthly injections for the remainder of life is effective for treating people with an inherited disease that results in poor absorption of vitamin B12. (webmd.com)
• Injecting vitamin B12 as a shot, as well as taking through the nose or by mouth, is effective for treating low red blood cell counts caused by poor absorption of vitamin B12. (webmd.com)
• Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium , magnesium , and phosphate , and multiple other biological effects. (wikipedia.org)

Diversification1

• Fortification, dietary diversification, food distribution programs and horticultural developments such as home gardening and bio-fortification may provide more permanent relief," said Bhutta. (ecochildsplay.com)

Insufficiency3

• However, recent studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with other pathologic conditions in persons of all ages. (aafp.org)
• Vitamin D insufficiency among free-living healthy young adults. (medscape.com)
• The prevention of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency remains a priority of both domestic and international health services (1-3). (scielo.br)

Plasma vitamin B-1

• No differences in plasma vitamin B-12, total cysteine, methionine, betaine, and choline and monocyte LINE-1 methylation were observed. (deepdyve.com)

Diseases12

• We all need vitamins and minerals to protect our bodies from various diseases and to be healthy. (bewellbuzz.com)
• This led to a range of vitamin B deficiency diseases in people whose staple food was white flour, but not in those who consumed brown flour. (mja.com.au)
• Since their discovery, there has been great interest in using vitamins not just to treat deficiency diseases but also for medicinal purposes. (rationalwiki.org)
• In the industrialized world, vitamin-deficiency diseases are not very common, and usually related to dysfunctional diets, often associated with psychological disorders, or genetic and/or physiological disorders. (rationalwiki.org)
• Less than optimal vitamin and nutrient levels have been associated with myriad health risks, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, impaired cognitive function, cancer, eye diseases and weakened bones. (foodsafetynews.com)
• 12 Unless you've experienced a neural tube defect in your immediate family, you probably know very little about these diseases. (thepaleodiet.com)
• Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to diseases such as scurvy, obesity or osteoporosis, as well as psychological and behavioral problems. (consumersresearchcncl.org)
• Emerging data identifies critical roles for vitamin D and many areas of medicine are involved: regulation of cellular growth, immunity and autoimmunity , central nervous system , cardiovascular diseases, infections, malignancies and reproduction [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
• Much more recent in our understanding of this critical B vitamin is its many different forms in food, and its influence far beyond birth defects, blood diseases, and cancers. (whfoods.com)
• In fact, Vitamin D deficiency, which has reached an epidemic proportion in the United States, is now linked to an increased risk of fragility fractures in younger adults and many chronic diseases. (sandersclinic.net)
• According to Mark Sanders, MD, FACS science and technology have finally caught up with one another - closing the gap between refined Vitamin D tests for patients and scientific data showing that deficiencies can result in problems with the nervous system, degenerative diseases, heart disease, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, cancer and more. (sandersclinic.net)
• As a result, Arctic expeditions continued to be plagued by scurvy and other deficiency diseases. (wikidoc.org)

Older adults6

• For older adults, it's a bit more: 1,200 mg of calcium starting in your 50s and 600 IU of vitamin D starting in your 70s. (harvard.edu)
• This article reports the findings of a research team about the association between mild vitamin B-12 deficiency in older adults and accelerated cognitive decline. (bewellbuzz.com)
• Commenting on the significance of the research, first author of the study and Specialist Registrar in Geriatric Medicine, Dr. Robert Briggs, said, "This is the largest representative and most comprehensive study of depression risk and vitamin D status in older adults ever conducted in Ireland. (psychcentral.com)
• Those particularly at risk of vitamin D deficiency are older adults, and those of BAME origin. (fabresearch.org)
• In the aftermath of the 1998 mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States, it is important to study vitamin B12 and consequences of poor B12 status in older adults. (qualitycounts.com)
• 22,23,Supplemental B12 is easily available, adequately absorbed, and well tolerated in older adults and may correct vitamin B12 deficits associated with impaired peripheral nerve function. (qualitycounts.com)

Minerals19

• Vitamins and minerals are crucial for human health. (intechopen.com)
• Fit2Go Nutrition Drinks contain 19 different vitamins and minerals in each serving. (bevindustry.com)
• Kate Farms' Komplete Ultimate Meal Replacement Shakes are fortified with vitamins and minerals in addition to superfoods, protein and fiber. (bevindustry.com)
• Neo Superenergy drinks contain vitamins B3, B5, B6 and B12 as well as minerals magnesium and potassium. (bevindustry.com)
• By fortifying beverages with vitamins and minerals, these products can assist with a range of health issues, such as cognitive function, bone health, blood sugar management and energy, experts say. (bevindustry.com)
• Additionally, minerals like magnesium, calcium and phosphorous as well as vitamins D and K can aid in bone and joint health, Fortitech's Hazen adds. (bevindustry.com)
• Rice fortification with vitamins and minerals has the potential to increase the nutrition in rice-consuming countries where micronutrient deficiencies exist. (cochrane.org)
• While women tend to need fewer calories than men, our requirements for certain vitamins and minerals are much higher. (lose-weight-exercise.com)
• Vegetables are an important component of daily diets of many people and an important source of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants essential for human health. (scirp.org)
• Interventions included (central/industrial) fortification of maize flour or corn meal with iron alone or with other vitamins and minerals and provided to individuals over 2 years of age (including pregnant and lactating women) from any country. (unboundmedicine.com)
• All the included studies assessed the effects of providing maize products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals versus unfortified maize flour. (unboundmedicine.com)
• No studies compared this intervention to no intervention or looked at the relative effect of flour and products fortified with iron alone (without other vitamins and minerals). (unboundmedicine.com)
• Point-of-use fortification with powdered vitamins and minerals has been proposed as a public health intervention to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in children. (cochrane.org)
• In this process, a powdered premix containing iron, and possibly other vitamins and minerals, is added to foods either during or after cooking, or immediately before consumption to improve their nutritious value but not their flavour or colour. (cochrane.org)
• MNPs contained from two to 18 vitamins and minerals. (cochrane.org)
• It refers to the addition of iron alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals in powder form, to energy-containing foods (excluding beverages) at home or in any other place where meals are to be consumed. (cochrane.org)
• Second, a multivitamin-mineral pill is inexpensive, recognized as safe, and supplies the range of vitamins and minerals that a person requires, although not the essential (n-3) fatty acids. (redorbit.com)
• It includes the major vitamins and minerals, amino acids, carotenoids, tocopherols and a number of antioxidants in amounts designed to complement and balance our average diets into great diets. (smart-publications.com)
• With our bio-fortification strategy, scientists try to put more vitamins and minerals into the foods staples that the poor are already eating in large amounts, Davidsson added. (hindustantimes.com)

Cholecalciferol12

• After vitamin D levels normalize, experts recommend maintenance dosages of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) at 800 to 1,000 IU per day from dietary and supplemental sources. (aafp.org)
• and vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) which is obtained from oily fish and by skin synthesis. (aafp.org)
• Ultraviolet activation of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the epidermis is the predominant source of cholecalciferol or vitamin D3 (7). (redorbit.com)
• Most humans depend on sunlight exposure (UVB 290-315 nm) to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by the skin, leading to transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). (scielo.br)
• The two most prominent forms of vitamin D are ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). (dsm.com)
• There is negligible loss of crystalline cholecalciferol during storage for one year or of crystalline ergocalciferol for nine months in amber-evacuated capsules at refrigerator temperatures.Vitamin D from the diet is absorbed from the intestinal tract, and is more likely to be absorbed from the ileal portion in greatest amounts due to the longer retention time of food in the distal portion of the intestine (Norman and Henry, 2007). (dsm.com)
• The cholecalciferol formed by the UV irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol is removed from the skin into the circulatory system by the blood transport protein for vitamin D, the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) (Norman and Henry, 2007). (dsm.com)
• When certain wavelengths of ultraviolet B (UVB) light from the sun land on our skin cells, a molecule in our skin cells called 7-dehydrocholesterol can be converted into a preliminary form of vitamin D called cholecalciferol. (whfoods.com)
• Second is our knowledge that cholecalciferol from our skin cells is not the same as fully active vitamin D. Fully active vitamin D requires two additional steps. (whfoods.com)
• Im Körper kann der physiologisch wichtigste Vertreter Cholecalciferol (= Vitamin D 3 ) auch mit Hilfe von UVB-Strahlung ( Dorno -Strahlung) in der Haut aus 7-Dehydrocholesterol gebildet werden, daher ist der historische Begriff Vitamin der Definition nach nicht völlig zutreffend. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)
• In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 (also known as cholecalciferol ) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). (wikipedia.org)
• Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is either made in the skin or obtained in the diet from fatty fish. (sandersclinic.net)

Pregnant women3

• Folic acid fortification to pregnant women is suggested to mask vitamin B(12) deficiency leading to adverse neurologic consequences. (biomedsearch.com)
• An estimate of the economic burden of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in the United Kingdom. (medscape.com)
• In pregnant women the deficiency causes night blindness and may increase the risk of maternal mortality. (nutraingredients.com)

Wheat flour fortification1

• Petry N, Nizamov F, Woodruff BA, Ishmakova R, Komilov J, Wegmüller R, Wirth JP, Arifdjanova D, Guo S, Rohner F. Risk Factors for Anemia and Micronutrient Deficiencies among Women of Reproductive Age-The Impact of the Wheat Flour Fortification Program in Uzbekistan. (mdpi.com)

Flour with folic acid2

• The UK government are proposing plans to fortify flour with folic acid in moves to stem the number of birth defects linked to the dietary deficiency of the vitamin. (nutraingredients.com)
• Despite fortification of flour with folic acid, homocysteine levels in North America are still elevated in many individuals, leading researchers to investigate vitamin B12 levels as an important determinant of homocysteine values. (lifeextension.com)

Point-of-use fortification2

• In some cases, point-of-use fortification is also known as home fortification. (cochrane.org)
• Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders (MNP) has been proposed as a feasible intervention to prevent and treat anaemia. (cochrane.org)

Diagnosis of vitamin B-12 defic2

• Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J, Allen RH (1996) The use of homocysteine and other metabolites in the specific diagnosis of vitamin B-12 deficiency. (j-alz.com)
• Consequently, folic acid can mask the hematological (megaloblastic anemia) signs of vitamin B-12 deficiency, delaying the diagnosis of vitamin B-12 deficiency and allowing the neurological complications of vitamin B-12 deficiency to progress unchecked (7, 8). (deepdyve.com)

19983

• The report found that the fortification of cereal-grain products with folic acid, which began in 1998, has had a sustained positive impact on blood folate levels. (cdc.gov)
• The rates of NTDs fell by 78% (95% CI 65%-86%) after the implementation of folic acid fortification, from an average of 4.36 per 1,000 births during 1991-1997 to 0.96 per 1,000 births during 1998-2001 (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.35). (biomedcentral.com)
• Although enrichment of processed wheat flour with vitamins B1, B2, and B3 was practiced in the U.S. as early as the 1940's, it wasn't until 1998 that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration established guidelines for enrichment of processed wheat flour with folate. (whfoods.com)

Prevalent3

• however, the most prevalent one is the vitamin D deficiency. (intechopen.com)
• Beriberi, a vitamin B-1 deficiency disease prevalent in the Far East that translates into "I can't, I can't", was first described in the Seventh Century in Chinese medical writings. (fsu.edu)
• On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the general population and especially in women in reproductive age. (omicsonline.org)

Mandatory food fortification2

• Based on these findings, mandatory food fortification in Canada should continue at the current levels. (biomedcentral.com)
• Because many pregnancies are unplanned, mandatory food fortification with folic acid has been introduced in many countries to reduce the incidence of NTDs (2, 3). (deepdyve.com)

Nutrient11

• Most of the latter are not produced by the human body and an unbalanced diet could inevitably lead to various nutrient deficiencies that could pose dramatic health risk for the human body that if severe enough could lead to death. (intechopen.com)
• Nutrient deficiency could be a direct effect of the changing eating patterns, but mostly due to poverty and lack of access to proper food especially in low- and middle-income societies. (intechopen.com)
• For instance, Fortitech offers choline, an essential nutrient in the B-vitamin family, which can enhance cognitive function, Hazen says. (bevindustry.com)
• Unfortunately, vitamin D is one nutrient that is difficult to get from food. (ecochildsplay.com)
• Since vitamin D was first recommended as an essential nutrient for the U.S. public in 1943, recommendation levels for this nutrient have varied. (whfoods.com)
• Many people are familiar with the name of this B complex vitamin, and it has long been recognized as a key nutrient in human health. (whfoods.com)
• Pantothenic acid , also called vitamin B 5 is a water-soluble B vitamin and therefore an essential nutrient . (wikipedia.org)
• Is Your Multivitamin Supplement Suffering From Nutrient Deficiencies? (smart-publications.com)
• Most researchers assume nutrient deficiency must be playing a role, but the particular nutrient has yet to be identified. (scitechdaily.com)
• The vast majority of patients I test show a deficiency in this important nutrient," he added. (sandersclinic.net)
• File:Retinol structure.svg A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism . (wikidoc.org)

Elderly3

• vitamin B 12 deficiency in the elderly in the United States. (nap.edu)
• Objective: The purpose was to compare metabolic indicators of vitamin B-12 status, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms among elderly Latinos with elevated and nonelevated plasma folate. (usda.gov)
• The requirements of the elderly for vitamins and metabolites are likely to differ from those of the young, but this issue has not been examined seriously. (redorbit.com)

Higher since fortification1

• The report also shows that blood folate levels in all race/ethnic groups are 50 percent higher since fortification began. (cdc.gov)

Foods37

• More than 50 countries use fortification of certain foods with folic acid as a measure to decrease the rate of NTDs in the population. (wikipedia.org)
• Several foods succeeded in fortification with vitamin D and increasing its levels such as milk and cheddar cheese. (intechopen.com)
• The AOAC methods for vitamin D amount in fortified foods must be applied. (intechopen.com)
• Dairy products are one of the most famous consumed foods in our society, which is why it was chosen to be fortified with vitamin D. (intechopen.com)
• This discovery led to the fortification of various foods, and the resolution of a major health problem associated with vitamin D deficiency. (aafp.org)
• There are no reports of population-based studies on the vitamin D status of Canadian youth, a population with mandatory fortification of foods. (redorbit.com)
• Despite this, there are very few countries with fortification of vitamin D in staple foods. (redorbit.com)
• At one point Ireland's voluntary fortification of foods with folic acid was widespread but the number of fortified foods is declining along with the increasing incidences of birth defects of the brain and spine. (nutraingredients.com)
• For example, vitamin A content could be increased in staples such as rice or growers may aim to promote use of biofortified foods such as orange sweet potato. (ecochildsplay.com)
• Would fortification of more foods with vitamin D improve vitamin D intakes and status of groups at risk of deficiency in the UK? (lshtm.ac.uk)
• This study looked at the impact of fortifying more foods with vitamin D in the UK on population vitamin D intakes and status. (lshtm.ac.uk)
• Some nutritionists and public health doctors also argued that education of the population was far preferable for fortification of foods. (mja.com.au)
• In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
• Vitamin A can be found in two principal forms in foods: Retinol, the form of vitamin A absorbed when eating animal food sources, is a yellow, fat-soluble substance. (wikipedia.org)
• A food-to-food fortification strategy has been designed based on traditional foods of Burkina Faso to fight against micronutrient deficiencies in young children. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Folic acid: The report credited the ongoing fortification of foods "a sustained public health success. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
• In addition, infant formulas and spreadable fats are fortified with vitamin D. Other foods, including breakfast cereals and milk substitutes, are commonly fortified. (fabresearch.org)
• Dr. Aguiar, now at the University of British Columbia, added: "We now hope that UK policy makers will consider a new national policy to fortify foods such as wheat flour with vitamin D to address this serious health issue. (fabresearch.org)
• At that time, fortification of staple foods was considered by only a few developing countries. (unu.edu)
• This paper shows that fortification of staple foods to prevent micronutrient deficiencies is effective, easy, fast, safe, and relatively inexpensive. (unu.edu)
• Staple foods such as wheat flour, milk, and margarine traditionally have been considered for fortification. (unu.edu)
• 100 µg/day) were observed after adding four different fortified foods (plain yoghurt, cheese, eggs and crisp-bread) contributing with a total of 20 µg/day and a vitamin D supplement of 40 µg/day to the habitual diet. (paperity.org)
• Research suggests that certain animals have the ability to correct mineral deficiencies by selecting foods rich in the missing mineral ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
• Beyond that, I'm not aware of any clear evidence that the human body can detect the micronutrient content of foods or respond to deficiencies by altering behavior. (blogspot.com)
• The World's Healthiest Foods are generally very rich in vitamin B2. (whfoods.com)
• We rate five of our foods as excellent sources of vitamin B2. (whfoods.com)
• Another 12 foods rate as very good sources, while 21 rate as good sources. (whfoods.com)
• In terms of food groups, we see almost all of them containing foods that are contributors to vitamin B2 nutrition. (whfoods.com)
• All of these vitamin forms can be found in varying amounts in whole, natural foods. (whfoods.com)
• By contrast, fortified and enriched foods are typically boosted in content with a single form of this vitamin, namely, folic acid. (whfoods.com)
• Vitamin B12 can be found in foods such as meat, fish, and dairy products. (webmd.com)
• J Human Nutr Diet doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12748 (07:04.2020) ⇔ 'Foods high in vitamin D may benefit heart health. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)
• Can one obtain these vitamins naturally from some foods? (dsm.com)
• This major global study provides the most robust evidence yet that vitamin D is beneficial for something other than bone and muscle health, and could have major implications for public health policy, including the fortification of foods with vitamin D to tackle high levels of deficiency in some countries. (ki.se)
• She added that amongst other contents, the regulation is addressing the prohibition of manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, distribution and sale of any designated food vehicle that is not fortified with vitamin A and other elements as prescribed and Control of advertisement of vitamin A fortified foods -to be censored and given permit before use. (vanguardngr.com)
• Others are labelling requirement for vitamin A fortified foods, logo on all packaged vitamin A fortified food-an eye with letter ''A'' inside it, Packaging specifications and penalty for non-compliance, which includes administrative fines and prosecution legislators without penalty for violations, will be futile. (vanguardngr.com)
• The value of eating certain foods to maintain health was recognized long before vitamins were identified. (wikidoc.org)

20161

• 12] Spence JD (2016) Metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency: a missed opportunity to prevent dementia and stroke. (j-alz.com)

Pantothenic Acid2

• Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin , one of the B vitamins . (wikipedia.org)
• Unlike vitamin E , which occurs in eight chemically related forms known as vitamers , pantothenic acid is only one chemical compound. (wikipedia.org)

Mineral4

• We're advised to get this amount of that vitamin and that amount of this mineral. (harvard.edu)
• But in smaller amounts, the mineral gets absorbed with active assistance from vitamin D and several of its metabolic offspring. (harvard.edu)
• Low-dose VA is then given as part of a vitamin mix added to F-75 or F-100 therapeutic milk formulations, or alternatively, as a proprietary multivitamin supplement or combined mineral-vitamin mix (CMV). (biomedcentral.com)
• These observations have led to a long-standing idea that the human body is able to detect vitamin and mineral (micronutrient) status and take steps to correct a deficit. (blogspot.com)

Riboflavin2

• Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) was originally recognized as a growth factor in 1879 and named vitamin B-2 according to the British nomenclature system. (thecamreport.com)
• Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is arguably the only vitamin that gives you a visual cue as to its passage through your body. (whfoods.com)

20191

• The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)

Anemia4

• Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. (aafp.org)
• 14, Because the classic sign of anemia may not be present, B12 deficiency may go unnoticed, and neurological damage may progress and not be easily reversible. (qualitycounts.com)
• Marginal vitamin B2 status has been found to impair the ability to make red blood cells, leading to a condition called anemia. (whfoods.com)
• Also, a vitamin B12 nasal gel is applied for pernicious anemia and preventing and treating vitamin B12 deficiency. (webmd.com)

Widespread2

• Many of the worst affected are found among Asia's poorest, but iron deficiency is also widespread in Africa, affecting more than 80 percent of young children in some countries. (eurekalert.org)
• Vitamin D deficiency is widespread: 50 to 80% of the world population. (omicsonline.org)

Nutrition8

• Overall, the U.S. population has good levels of vitamins A and D and folate in the body, but some groups still need to increase their levels of vitamin D and iron, according to the Second National Report on Biochemical Indicators of Diet and Nutrition, released today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
• Right now, the official nutrition guidelines recommend that adults get 1,000 milligrams (mg) of calcium and 400 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily. (harvard.edu)
• Now, as Sight and Life expands into broader nutrition issues, Vitamin Angels will control the programmes. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
• This paper was presented at the Latin American Congress of Nutrition in Guatemala on November 12, 1997. (unu.edu)
• only 10 percent or less of the general U.S. population had nutrition deficiencies for vitamins B6, D, A, C, B12, E and folate. (foodsafetynews.com)
• It is important to note that these adverse interactions between high folate blood levels and vitamin B12 deficiency were seen only in the study participants from the NHANES conducted between 1999 and 2002, after the fortification of flour and other cereals with folic acid," says Selhub, who is also a professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. (medicalxpress.com)
• Combating anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies among young children in rural Cambodia through in-home fortification and nutrition education. (otago.ac.nz)
• In the backdrop of current global food crisis, bio-fortification, a fairly new technique to improve nutrition through conventional plant breeding, was discussed by the IAEA scientists. (hindustantimes.com)

Bone health9

• Further research is needed to explain why non-Hispanic blacks have better bone health but yet have a higher rate of vitamin D deficiency. (cdc.gov)
• Vitamin D is essential for good bone health but it may also improve muscle strength and protect against cancer and type 2 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
• Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal development, bone health maintenance, and neuromuscular functioning. (aafp.org)
• Vitamin D is essential for bone health and has recently been linked with other non-bone health outcomes such as inflammation and diabetes. (psychcentral.com)
• Senior author Dr. Eamon Laird added, "This study shows that vitamin D is associated with a health condition other than bone health. (psychcentral.com)
• Indeed, one recently published study has even suggested that high-dose vitamin D may be detrimental to bone health, although the authors did say the findings require confirmation. (medscape.com)
• Thus, vitamin D has passed from a vitamin with a limited role in bone health [ 2 ] to a hormone playing a role in general health. (omicsonline.org)
• Vitamin D is essential for maintaining optimal bone health. (springer.com)
• A Vitamin D deficiency is the major contributor to poor bone health and non healing fractures, as well as one's general state of health - preventing a more successful recovery. (sandersclinic.net)

Metabolic8

• The data support the possibility that elevated folate status may exacerbate metabolic symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. (usda.gov)
• BACKGROUND: Adequate vitamin D status is important for bone growth and mineralization and has been implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity, metabolic function, and cancer prevention. (redorbit.com)
• Heavy metal poisoning is typically characterized by symptoms common with thiamine deficiency since metals, such as arsenic or lead, block a crucial metabolic step converting thiamine to its coenzyme form. (fsu.edu)
• this is called metabolic B12 deficiency. (j-alz.com)
• Missed metabolic B12 deficiency represents an important opportunity to prevent both stroke and dementia [12]. (j-alz.com)
• The evidence suggests, however, that much chronic metabolic damage occurs at levels between the level that causes acute micronutrient deficiency disease and the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs).5 In addition, the prevention of more subtle metabolic damage may not be addressed by current RDAs. (redorbit.com)
• Metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency, including high. (mysciencework.com)
• Low vitamin B-12 is associated with more pronounced metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency when folate is elevated than when folate is not elevated. (mysciencework.com)

Homocysteine9

• 45.3 nmol/L). Homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin, ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall, and depressive symptom scores were compared between the groups. (usda.gov)
• Results: Individuals with low vitamin B-12 and elevated folate (n=22) had the highest concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and the lowest concentration of holotranscobalamin and ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12 when compared with all other groups (P less than or equal to 0.003). (usda.gov)
• Total homocysteine levels had a strong inverse association with vitamin B12 levels, and a positive association with plaque area. (lifeextension.com)
• Vitamin B12, homocysteine and carotid plaque in the era of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products. (lifeextension.com)
• The second approach employs the detoxification method using vitamin B6 to enhance the transsulfuration pathway to convert homocysteine into cysteine, which can be used to synthesize such beneficial amino acids such as glutathione and taurine. (lifeextension.com)
• Combinations of B-6, B-12, and folate have been shown to reduce elevated homocysteine levels -- a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, although studies have not shown this combination to reduce cardiovascular risk itself. (consumerlab.com)
• this may explain why in the early trials of B vitamins for homocysteine lowering in stroke prevention, toxicity of cyanocobalamin among participants with renal impairment obscured the benefit of B vitamins . (j-alz.com)
• Robertson J, Iemolo F, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Spence JD (2005) Vitamin B12, homocysteine and carotid plaque in the era of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products. (j-alz.com)
• Taking vitamin B12 by mouth, along with folic acid and sometimes pyridoxine ( vitamin B6 ), can lower blood levels of homocysteine. (rxlist.com)

20201

• BfR -Stellungnahme Nr.35/31.07.2020 ⇔ 'Vitamin-D-Nahrungsergänzungen unnütz und eher riskant. (ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de)

Iron23

• FD results indicate that the fortification program had potential for impact, but requires higher coverage of adequately fortified wheat flour and a more bioavailable iron fortificant. (mdpi.com)
• The report includes first-time data for a new indicator of iron deficiency and for 24 healthy and unhealthy fatty acids. (cdc.gov)
• The research, conducted by scientists from the Philippines and the United States, is a major step forward in the battle against iron deficiency, one of the developing world's most debilitating and intractable public health problems affecting nearly 2 billion people. (eurekalert.org)
• Iron deficiency can affect a child's physical and mental development, and each year causes more than 60,000 maternal deaths during pregnancy and childbirth. (eurekalert.org)
• Iron fortification is generally considered the best approach to prevent iron deficiency. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
• Fifty per cent of the children and 15% of adult women also had laboratory evidence of iron deficiency. (mja.com.au)
• Most writers were supportive, but some haematologists maintained that fortification would put people with thalassaemia and haemochromatosis at further risk of iron overload. (mja.com.au)
• They also contended that the added iron could mask the early diagnosis of bowel cancer by slowing the appearance of iron-deficiency anaemia. (mja.com.au)
• In as well as infant and under-five mortality addition, the negative consequences of iron rates, have all decreased as a whole, but deficiency anaemia on the cognitive and with some inter-country variations [ 5 ]. (who.int)
• physical development of children and on In spite of this development, anaemia, the work productivity of adults are of ma- particularly attributed to iron deficiency, jor concern [ 3 ]. (who.int)
• Iron: Using a new marker of iron status, the report indicated higher rates of iron deficiency in Mexican-American children aged one to five years (11%) and in non-Hispanic black (16%) and Mexican-American women (13%) of childbearing age (12-49 years) when compared to other race/ethnic groups. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
• 3 Deficiencies of iron, vitamin B 12 and folic acid are among the most common causes. (aafp.org)
• Once the underlying cause of iron deficiency has been determined, iron replacement therapy can be initiated. (aafp.org)
• Some examples are the fortification of milk with iron in Argentina and Brazil, fortification of noodles with iron and vitamin A in Thailand and the Philippines, and fortification of chocolate powder for milk with iron and several vitamins in Mexico. (unu.edu)
• Iron (Fe) deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
• Iron biofortification is a preventative strategy that alleviates Fe deficiency by improving the amount of absorbable Fe in crops. (biomedcentral.com)
• Women of childbearing age and children were found to be at risk for iron deficiency, while men were at risk for iron excess. (foodsafetynews.com)
• To assess the effects of iron fortification of maize flour, corn meal and fortified maize flour products for anaemia and iron status in the general population. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Here are a couple of examples of recipes-our Baked Chicken Breast with Honey Mustard Sauce and 10-Minute Rosemary Lamb Chopss -that are rich in both iron and vitamin B2. (whfoods.com)
• 0.001), and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and non-IDA, were reduced for moderate anaemia at 12 months in the intervention group. (otago.ac.nz)
• Anaemia, the condition in which red blood cells have limited capacity to carry oxygen, frequently results after prolonged iron deficiency. (cochrane.org)
• It is estimated that at least half of the cases are due to iron deficiency. (cochrane.org)
• This is why two types of vitamin pills are marketed: one with iron and one without. (redorbit.com)

Supplement7

• Moreover, only around 8 percent of older Irish adults report taking a vitamin D supplement. (psychcentral.com)
• They were a mean age of 63 years, about 9% were black, mean body mass index (BMI) was about 27.2 kg/m 2 , and baseline vitamin D supplement use was reported in 42.3% of participants. (medscape.com)
• When there is a lot of vitamin B2 in the diet (or in a supplement), your urine turns bright yellow to show you it is there. (whfoods.com)
• DNA methylation, folic acid, l-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (l-5-MTHF), folate, supplement, vitamin B-12 Introduction Women of childbearing age are recommended to take a supplement providing 0.4 mg/d folic acid to reduce the risk of a neural tube defect (NTD)-affected pregnancy (1). (deepdyve.com)
• Yet, a healthy diet contains a mixture of vitamin E compounds … and an excellent supplement should simulate a typical diet. (smart-publications.com)
• The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 dietary reference intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use. (springer.com)
• Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 are used to supplement food products or are contained in multivitamins. (sandersclinic.net)

Treat and prevent vitamin B12 defici2

• Vitamin B12 is taken by mouth to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, a condition in which vitamin B12 levels in the blood are too low. (webmd.com)
• Vitamin B12 can treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. (rxlist.com)

Scurvy1

• The same can be said of vitamin C, where 60 mg a day has been shown to avoid scurvy and used for that purpose only as acceptable standard medical practice. (drlam.com)

Rice fortification1

• There is limited evidence on any adverse effects of rice fortification. (cochrane.org)