11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Medical search

Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.

A low-affinity 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase found in a variety of tissues, most notably in LIVER; LUNG; ADIPOSE TISSUE; vascular tissue; OVARY; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The enzyme acts reversibly and can use either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

An high-affinity, NAD-dependent 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that acts unidirectionally to catalyze the dehydrogenation of CORTISOL to CORTISONE. It is found predominantly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the KIDNEY; COLON; SWEAT GLANDS; and the PLACENTA. Absence of the enzyme leads to a fatal form of childhood hypertension termed, APPARENT MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS SYNDROME.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that catalyzes the reversible conversion of CORTISOL to the inactive metabolite CORTISONE. Enzymes in this class can utilize either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-hydroxysteroids, such as from a 20-ketosteroid to a 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.149) or to a 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.53).

A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.

A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of estradiol at the 17-hydroxyl group in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+ to yield estrone and NADH or NADPH. The 17-hydroxyl group can be in the alpha- or beta-configuration. EC 1.1.1.62

A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)

Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2.; and 1.1.99.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

A metabolite of TESTOSTERONE or ANDROSTENEDIONE with a 3-alpha-hydroxyl group and without the double bond. The 3-beta hydroxyl isomer is epiandrosterone.

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.

Enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE. Several types of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase exist including phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating varieties and ones that transfer hydrogen to NADP and ones that transfer hydrogen to NAD.

An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.

Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind MINERALOCORTICOIDS and mediate their cellular effects. The receptor with its bound ligand acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of specific segments of DNA.

An enzymes that catalyzes the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroids, such as from PROGESTERONE to 20-ALPHA-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE.

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.205.

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that produces the familiar grapefruit. There is evidence that grapefruit inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4, resulting in delayed metabolism and higher blood levels of a variety of drugs.

The pharmacological result, either desirable or undesirable, of drugs interacting with components of the diet. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.

Liquids that are suitable for drinking. (From Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The ability to speak, read, or write several languages or many languages with some facility. Bilingualism is the most common form. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.

A hereditary disease characterized by childhood onset HYPERTENSION, hypokalemic alkalosis, and low RENIN and ALDOSTERONE secretion. It results from a defect in the activity of the 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2 enzyme which results in inadequate conversion of CORTISOL to CORTISONE. The build up of unprocessed cortisol to levels that stimulate MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS creates the appearance of having excessive MINERALOCORTICOIDS.

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS primarily associated with water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ION TRANSPORT in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by PLASMA VOLUME, serum potassium, and ANGIOTENSIN II.

An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.

A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Perinatal development and adult blood pressure. (1/205)

A growing body of evidence supports the concept of fetal programming in cardiovascular disease in man, which asserts that an insult experienced in utero exerts a long-term influence on cardiovascular function, leading to disease in adulthood. However, this hypothesis is not universally accepted, hence animal models may be of value in determining potential physiological mechanisms which could explain how fetal undernutrition results in cardiovascular disease in later life. This review describes two major animal models of cardiovascular programming, the in utero protein-restricted rat and the cross-fostered spontaneously hypertensive rat. In the former model, moderate maternal protein restriction during pregnancy induces an increase in offspring blood pressure of 20-30 mmHg. This hypertensive effect is mediated, in part, by fetal exposure to excess maternal glucocorticoids as a result of a deficiency in placental 11-ss hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Furthermore, nephrogenesis is impaired in this model which, coupled with increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, could also contribute to the greater blood pressure displayed by these animals. The second model discussed is the cross-fostered spontaneously hypertensive rat. Spontaneously hypertensive rats develop severe hypertension without external intervention; however, their adult blood pressure may be lowered by 20-30 mmHg by cross-fostering pups to a normotensive dam within the first two weeks of lactation. The mechanisms responsible for this antihypertensive effect are less clear, but may also involve altered renal function and down-regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. These two models clearly show that adult blood pressure is influenced by exposure to one of a number of stimuli during critical stages of perinatal development. (+info)

Structural analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in end-stage renal disease. (2/205)

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) gene cause a rare form of low-renin hypertension leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in some affected subjects. To date, no search for mutations in the HSD11B2 gene was performed in a large population to obtain an estimate its prevalence. METHODS: The HSD11B2 gene was analyzed in 587 subjects, including 260 ESRD patients (either dialysis or transplanted) for mutations in the exons 2 through 5 and corresponding intronic regions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using appropriate overlapping primers, gel analysis by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), and sequencing of identified migration variants. RESULTS: The prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESRD patients and controls was 26%. The following genetic variants were found among all subjects investigated: exon 2 T442G (Leu148/Val, N = 70) and C470A (Thr156/Thr, N = 67), exon 3 G534A (Glu178/Glu, N = 69), and exon 5 C1274T (Asp388/Asp, N = 2). Four SNPs were identified in intron 4 only. In the control population, the prevalence of the variants Leu148 and Thr156 was 14% each. Glu178 was 11%, while no variants were found in exon 5. In ESRD patients, the prevalence of the variant Leu148 was 9%, and Thr156 was 8%. Glu178 was 13%, while the Asp388 variant was 0.7%. In patients with a short duration between the time of diagnosis of the renal disease and the onset of ESRD, the prevalence of the Leu148 and Glu178 variants was higher than in subjects with slowly progressing renal disease. The 11betaHSD2 activity of all of these SNPs is predictably unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of SNPs of the HSD11B2 gene, without causing exonic mutations generating a 11betaHSD2 enzyme with altered activity. Based on statistical analyses, the frequency of homozygosity for mutated alleles of the HSD11B2 gene can be derived as <1/250,000 when a Caucasian population is considered. (+info)

Multiple aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivity. (3/205)

Aldosterone regulates renal sodium reabsorption through binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Because the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is expressed together with the MR in aldosterone target cells, glucocorticoid hormones bound to GR may also intervene to modulate physiological functions in these cells. In addition, each steroid can bind both receptors, and the MR has equal affinity for aldosterone and glucocorticoid hormones. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms intervene to allow specific aldosterone regulatory effects, despite the large prevalence of glucocorticoid hormones in the plasma. They include the local metabolism of the glucocorticoid hormones into inactive derivatives by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; the intrinsic properties of the MR that discriminate between ligands through differential contacts; the possibility of forming homo- or heterodimers between MR and GR, leading to differential transactivation properties; and the interactions of MR and GR with other regulatory transcription factors. The relative contribution of each of these successive mechanisms may vary among aldosterone target cells (epithelial vs. nonepithelial) and according to the hormonal context. All these phenomena allow fine tuning of cellular functions depending on the degree of cooperation between corticosteroid hormones and other factors (hormonal or tissue specific). Such interactions may be altered in pathophysiological situations. (+info)

Aldosterone receptor antagonism normalizes vascular function in liquorice-induced hypertension. (4/205)

The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2) provides mineralocorticoid receptor specificity for aldosterone by metabolizing glucocorticoids to their receptor-inactive 11-dehydro derivatives. The present study investigated the effects of the aldosterone receptor antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone on endothelial function in liquorice-induced hypertension. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a recognized inhibitor of 11beta-HSD2, was supplemented to the drinking water (3 g/L) of Wistar-Kyoto rats over a period of 21 days. From days 8 to 21, spironolactone (5.8+/-0.6 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), eplerenone (182+/-13 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), or placebo was added to the chow (n=7 animals per group). Endothelium-dependent or -independent vascular function was assessed as the relaxation of preconstricted aortic rings to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, respectively. In addition, aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein content, nitrate tissue levels, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) protein levels were determined. GA increased systolic blood pressure from 142+/-8 to 185+/-9 mm Hg (P<0.01). In the GA group, endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired compared with that in controls (73+/-6% versus 99+/-5%), whereas endothelium-independent relaxation remained unchanged. In the aortas of 11beta-HSD2-deficient rats, eNOS protein content and nitrate tissue levels decreased (1114+/-128 versus 518+/-77 microgram/g protein, P<0.05). In contrast, aortic ET-1 protein levels were enhanced by GA (308+/-38 versus 497+/-47 pg/mg tissue, P<0.05). Both spironolactone and eplerenone normalized blood pressure in animals on GA (142+/-9 and 143+/-9 mm Hg, respectively, versus 189+/-8 mm Hg in the placebo group; P<0.01), restored endothelium-dependent relaxation (96+/-3% and 97+/-3%, respectively, P<0.01 versus placebo), blunted the decrease in vascular eNOS protein content and nitrate tissue levels, and normalized vascular ET-1 levels. This is the first study to demonstrate that aldosterone receptor antagonism normalizes blood pressure, prevents upregulation of vascular ET-1, restores NO-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and thus, may advance as a novel and specific therapeutic approach in 11beta-HSD2-deficient hypertension. (+info)

Expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes and corticosteroid hormone receptors in primary cultures of human trophoblast and placental bed biopsies. (5/205)

Interconversion of active and inactive glucocorticoids, e.g. cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) is catalysed by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) which exists as two isoforms. We have used human placental bed biopsies and an in-vitro cytotrophoblast cell culture system to examine the expression and activity of the 11 beta-HSD isoforms along with that of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR). Immunohistochemistry localized 11 beta-HSD1 to decidualized stromal cells and 11 beta-HSD2 to villous cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblasts and trophoblast cells invading the placental bed and maternal vasculature. In primary cultures of human cytotrophoblast, 11 beta-HSD2, GR and MR mRNA were expressed. Low levels of 11 beta-HSD1 mRNA were noted in these cultured cells, but could be explained on the basis of contaminating, vimentin-positive decidual stromal cells (< or =5%). Enzyme activity studies confirmed the presence of a high-affinity, NAD-dependent dehydrogenase activity (K(m) 137 nmol/l and V(max) 128 pmol E/h/mg protein), indicative of the 11 beta-HSD2 isoform. No reductase activity was observed. The presence of functional MR and GR was determined using Scatchard analyses of dexamethasone and aldosterone binding (MR K(d) 1.4 nmol/l B(max) 3.0; GR K(d) 6.6 nmol/l B(max) 16.2 fmol/ng protein). The expression of 11 beta-HSD1 in maternal decidua and 11 beta-HSD2 in adjacent trophoblast suggests an important role for glucocorticoids in determining trophoblast invasion. The presence of the MR within trophoblast indicates that some of the effects of cortisol could be MR- rather than GR-mediated. (+info)

The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. (6/205)

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) type 2 has been considered to protect the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by converting 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids into their inactive 11-keto forms, thereby providing specificity to the MR for aldosterone. To investigate the functional protection of the MR by 11beta-HSD2, we coexpressed epitope-tagged MR and 11beta-HSD2 in HEK-293 cells lacking 11beta-HSD2 activity and analyzed their subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy. When expressed alone in the absence of hormones, the MR was both cytoplasmic and nuclear. However, when coexpressed with 11beta-HSD2, the MR displayed a reticular distribution pattern, suggesting association with 11beta-HSD2 at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization of the MR was observed upon coexpression only with 11beta-HSD2, but not with 11beta-HSD1 or other steroid-metabolizing enzymes. Aldosterone induced rapid nuclear translocation of the MR, whereas moderate cortisol concentrations (10-200 nm) did not activate the receptor, due to 11beta-HSD2-dependent oxidation to cortisone. Compromised 11beta-HSD2 activity (due to genetic mutations, the presence of inhibitors, or saturating cortisol concentrations) led to cortisol-induced nuclear accumulation of the MR. Surprisingly, the 11beta-HSD2 product cortisone blocked the aldosterone-induced MR activation by a strictly 11beta-HSD2-dependent mechanism. Our results provide evidence that 11beta-HSD2, besides inactivating 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids, functionally interacts with the MR and directly regulates the magnitude of aldosterone-induced MR activation. (+info)

Increased ACTH levels do not alter renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in the sheep. (7/205)

The regulation of renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) gene expression is poorly understood. Inhibition of expression can result in hypertension. An example of this is in ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) syndrome (EAS). Inhibition of 11betaHSD2 activity is suggested by the observed increased ratio of cortisol to cortisone in both plasma and urine. To investigate whether ACTH or ACTH-dependent steroids can modulate renal 11betaHSD2 gene expression we analysed renal 11betaHSD2 mRNA levels after treatment with ACTH of 1 H and 24 H and demonstrated no change in the levels of gene expression. We have demonstrated in this study that the expression of 11betaHSD2 in the kidney is unaltered by ACTH. The reduced inactivation of cortisol by 11betaHSD2 observed in EAS is likely to be in part due to end product inhibition or substrate overload of the enzyme by endogenous substrates (cortisol, corticosterone, etc) rather than inhibition of 11betaHSD2 at the transcriptional level by either ACTH or ACTH regulated steroids. (+info)

Course of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression during human gestation. (8/205)

BACKGROUND: During human pregnancy, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) plays an important role in protecting the fetus from high maternal glucocorticoid concentrations by converting cortisol to inactive cortisone. Furthermore, 11beta-HSD2 is indirectly involved in the regulation of the prostaglandin inactivating enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), because cortisol reduces the gene expression and enzyme activity of PGDH in human placental cells. OBJECTIVE: To examine developmental changes in placental 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH gene expression during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of human pregnancies. METHODS: In placental tissue taken from 20 healthy women with normal pregnancy and 20 placentas of 17 mothers giving birth to premature babies, 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH mRNA expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Placental mRNA expression of 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH increased significantly with gestational age (r=0.55, P=0.0002 and r=0.42, P=0.007). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the two enzymes (r=0.58, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the course of pregnancy there is an increase in 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH mRNA expression in human placental tissue. This adaptation of 11beta-HSD2 prevents increasing maternal cortisol concentrations from transplacental passage and is exerted at the gene level. 11beta-HSD2 up-regulation may also lead to an increase in PGDH mRNA concentrations that, until term, possibly delays myometrial contractions induced by prostaglandins. (+info)

497 (2): 223-50. doi:10.1002/cne.20993. PMID 16705681. Shin, JW; Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Dec 10, 2008). "Inputs to the ... 26 (2): 411-7. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3115-05.2006. PMID 16407537. Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Oct 18, 2006). "Aldosterone- ... 93 (2): 177-209. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.039891. PMID 17981930. Geerling, JC; Loewy, AD (Mar 2007). "Sodium depletion ... A small number of HSD2 neurons (less than 2%) may express the neuropeptide galanin. Their lack of expression of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD2_neuron

Two familial forms have been identified: type I (dexamethasone suppressible), and type II, which has been linked to the 7p22 ... November 2000). "A novel genetic locus for low renin hypertension: familial hyperaldosteronism type II maps to chromosome 7 ( ... 37 (11): 831-5. doi:10.1136/jmg.37.11.831. PMC 1734468. PMID 11073536. Sabbadin C, Armanini D (September 2016). "Syndromes that ... Through inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11-beta-HSD2), glycyrrhizin allows cortisol to activate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaldosteronism

Studies on the stably transfected isoforms and localization of the type 2 isozyme within renal tissue". Steroids. 62 (1): 77-82 ... 11α-OHP is a more potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD than enoxolone (glycyrrhetinic acid) or carbenoxolone in vitro (IC50 = 0.9 nM; ... 11 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone (11 alpha OH-P) was an order of magnitude more potent a competitive inhibitor of the 11 beta HSD-2 ... In 1995, 11α-OHP, along with its epimer 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, was identified as a very potent competitive inhibitor of both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11α-Hydroxyprogesterone

Causes include genetic disorders (e.g. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, Liddle's syndrome, and types of Congenital ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder with multiple types, two of which lead to ... and two types of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Liddle's syndrome is autosomal dominant disorder affecting epithelial ... Deficiency of 11-beta-hydroxylase blocks the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) to corticosterone leading to an excess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudohyperaldosteronism

2004). "11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition improves cognitive function in healthy elderly men and type 2 diabetics ... In type 2 diabetics aged 52-70, the drug improved verbal memory. However, potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride was co- ... 12 (2): 66-8. doi:10.5698/1535-7511-12.2.66. PMC 3316363. PMID 22473546. Sandeep TC, Yau JL, MacLullich AM, et al. ( ... 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone Connors BW (2012). "Tales of a Dirty Drug: Carbenoxolone, Gap Junctions, and Seizures". Epilepsy Curr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbenoxolone

... type 3, rare (NIH) 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria 3 methylcrotonic aciduria 3 ... 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency 17 beta hydroxysteroide dehydrogenase deficiency 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... Diseases Alphabetical list 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also Health Exercise Nutrition 11 beta ... methylglutaconyl coa hydratase deficiency 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl-coa lyase deficiency 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(0–9)

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1- a tissue-specific amplifier of glucocorticoid action". Endocrinology. 142 (4): 1371 ... Seckl JR (January 1997). "11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the brain: a novel regulator of glucocorticoid action?". Front ... There are two types of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that control cortisol concentration: HSD-11β Type 1 and HSD-11β Type 2 ... The dehydrogenase activity of a HSD-11β converts a 11beta-hydroxysteroid to the corresponding 11-oxosteroid by reducing NADP+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase

"Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome". Endocrinology Unit, ... "Estrogen reduces 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in liver and visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue in rats ... "Minireview: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1- a tissue-specific amplifier of glucocorticoid action". Endocrinology ... "Luteinizing hormone induces expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in rat Leydig cells". Department of ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-beta_hidroksisteroid_dehidrogenase

2005). "11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response". Endocr. Rev. 25 (5 ... Persu A (2005). "11beta-Hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase: a multi-faceted enzyme". J. Hypertens. 23 (1): 29-31. doi:10.1097/ ... "Entrez Gene: HSD11B2 hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2". Geerling, Joel C.; Arthur D. Loewy (September 2009). " ... 1998). "Molecular basis for hypertension in the "type II variant" of apparent mineralocorticoid excess". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid_11-beta-dehydrogenase_isozyme_2

... beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms using reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and localization of the type 2 ... "Human adrenal cortex and aldosterone secreting adenomas express both 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 ... Wake DJ, Walker BR (February 2006). "Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity". Endocrine. 29 (1): ... Agarwal AK (November 2003). "Cortisol metabolism and visceral obesity: role of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase_type_1

3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases MeSH D08.811.682.047.436.350.100 - 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific) MeSH ... myosin type iii MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.843 - myosin type iv MeSH D08.811.277.040.025.525.875 - myosin type v MeSH D08.811 ... 4-beta-glucosidase MeSH D08.811.277.450.420.200.600 - glucan endo-1,3-beta-d-glucosidase MeSH D08.811.277.450.420.375 - glucan ... 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases MeSH D08.811.682.047.436.400.074 - 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.047. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

"17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type XI localizes to human steroidogenic cells". Endocrinology. 144 (5): 2084-91. doi: ... "Entrez Gene: HSD17B11 hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 11". Li KX, Smith RE, Krozowski ZS (1999). "Cloning and expression ... Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B11 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Haeseleer F, Palczewski K (2000). "Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in retina". Methods in Enzymology. 316: 372-83. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD17B11

Rheault P, Dufort I, Soucy P, Luu-The V (1999). "Assignment of HSD17B5 encoding type 5 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to ... Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), also known as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17β-HSD5, HSD17B5) is a ... "Entrez Gene: AKR1C3 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type II)". Theisen, J. ... "Structural basis of the multispecificity demonstrated by 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 5". Molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1C3

... possible interference with type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-mediated processes". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 104 ( ... "CYP7B generates a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist in human prostate". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (6): 2928-35. doi ... 344 (2): 540-6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.175. PMID 16630558. Dulos J, van der Vleuten MA, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Boots AM ( ... 121 (2): 307-14. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00438-X. PMID 14521990. S2CID 46593148. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Kawauchi S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP7B1

Cooper MS, Stewart PM (2009). "11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and its role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal ... Retrieved 2 April 2021. Glyn, J (1998). "The discovery and early use of cortisone". J R Soc Med. 91 (10): 513-517. doi:10.1177/ ... 24 (2): 100-2. PMID 1582609. "All About Atopic Dermatitis". National Eczema Association. Cole, BJ; Schumacher (Jan-Feb 2005). " ... 2010-11-16. Retrieved July 31, 2013. "Prednisone and other corticosteroids: Balance the risks and benefits". MayoClinic.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisone

Moghrabi N, Head JR, Andersson S (Nov 1997). "Cell type-specific expression of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in ... "The human type II 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene encodes two alternatively spliced mRNA species". DNA and Cell ... 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in normal, inflamed and neoplastic gastric tissues". Anticancer Research. 23 (5A): ... "17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression and enzyme activity in the human gastrointestinal tract". Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD17B2

1) Type B intercalated cells in the collecting duct reabsorb H+ and secrete HCO3, while in type A intercalated cells protons ... These hormones and medications include insulin, epinephrine, and other beta agonists (e.g. salbutamol or salmeterol), and ... this facilitated diffusion occurs in both Type B intercalated cells and Principal cells in the collecting duct). 2) Metabolic ... Hypertension and hypokalemia can also be seen with a deficiency of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia

2003). "Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ... Ikegwuonu FI, Jefcoate CR (1999). "Evidence for the involvement of the fatty acid and peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathways in ... "Entrez Gene: H6PD hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase)". Tan SG, Ashton GC (1976). "An autosomal glucose- ... Beutler E, Morrison M (1968). "Localization and characteristics of hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose dehydrogenase)". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H6PD

This type of receptor becomes activated upon ligand binding. After a hormone binds to the corresponding receptor, the newly ... This enzyme, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2), catalyzes the deactivation of glucocorticoids to ... Stewart P (2008): "The Adrenal Cortex " In: Kronenberg, Melmed, Polonsky, Larsen (eds.) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (11 ... 11-dehydro metabolites. Licorice is known to be an inhibitor of this enzyme and chronic consumption can result in a condition ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoids

"Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to ... beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity". Endocrinology. 146 (6): 2539-43. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0117. PMID 15774558. ... "Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to ... "Cortisone-reductase deficiency associated with heterozygous mutations in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisone_reductase_deficiency

3(or+17)beta-hydroxysteroid+dehydrogenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Biology portal ... Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M (2014). "Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in ... Aka JA, Mazumdar M, Chen CQ, Poirier D, Lin SX (April 2010). "17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 stimulates breast ... Mindnich R, Möller G, Adamski J (2004). "The role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 218 (1-2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase

Mindnich R, Möller G, Adamski J (2004). "The role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 218 (1-2): ... Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M (2014). "Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in ... 3(or+17)beta-hydroxysteroid+dehydrogenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Talalay P, Dobson MM (December 1953). "Purification and properties of a beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase". The Journal of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/17β-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase

... estradiols having inhibitory effect on human placental estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD type 1)". ... "Entrez Gene: HSD17B1 Hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1". Saloniemi T, Jokela H, Strauss L, Pakarinen P, Poutanen M (2012 ... Aka JA, Mazumdar M, Chen CQ, Poirier D, Lin SX (Apr 2010). "17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 stimulates breast cancer ... Sawetawan C, Milewich L, Word RA, Carr BR, Rainey WE (Mar 1994). "Compartmentalization of type I 17 beta-hydroxysteroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD17B1

"11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response". Endocrine Reviews. 25 (5 ... 5-beta THF), reactions for which 5-alpha reductase and 5-beta-reductase are the rate-limiting factors, respectively. 5-Beta ... the endogenous type I and type II receptor agonist) or RU28362 (a specific type II receptor agonist) to adrenalectomized ... II beta-hydroxylation". Acta Endocrin. Copenh. 69 (4): I 701-717, II 718-730. doi:10.1530/acta.0.0690701. PMID 5067076. LaCelle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol

Sam KM, Auger S, Luu-The V, Poirier D (1995). "Steroidal spiro-gamma-lactones that inhibit 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... "Spironolactone-related inhibitors of type II 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: chemical synthesis, receptor binding ... Poirier D (2003). "Inhibitors of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". Curr. Med. Chem. 10 (6): 453-77. doi:10.2174/ ... Poirier D (2009). "Advances in development of inhibitors of 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". Anticancer Agents Med Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_spironolactone

... metabolism Disorders of sexual development Intersex 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type III ... "HSD17B3 hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-03- ... "17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... "17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2017-03-11. "OMIM Entry - # 264300 - 17- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase_III_deficiency

Pancreatic beta cells are responsible for making insulin; decreased beta cell activity is associated with DM2 in adulthood. In ... However, one common challenge of these types of studies is that many epigenetic modifications have tissue and cell-type ... When analyzing the types of changes that can occur to a phenotype, we can see changes that are behavioral, morphological, or ... This syndrome is often associated with type II diabetes as well as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Using mice models, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_effect

... the type II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in a patient with classic salt-wasting 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... of type II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in Japanese patients with classical 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... 1992). "Structure of the human type II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) gene: adrenal ... 1995). "A novel missense mutation in the type II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in a family with classical salt- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD3B2

"Abundant type 10 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the hippocampus of mouse Alzheimer's disease model". Brain Research. ... 17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X (HSD10) also known as 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that ... 17-beta) dehydrogenase 10". He XY, Yang YZ, Schulz H, Yang SY (Jan 2000). "Intrinsic alcohol dehydrogenase and hydroxysteroid ... Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M (Sep 2014). "Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD17B10

... adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... Tooth disease type 1C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type ... Ccge syndrome CCHS CDG syndrome type 1A CDG syndrome type 1B CDG syndrome type 1C CDG syndrome type 2 CDG syndrome type 3 CDG ... disease type 2C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Xi B, Li S, Liu Z, Tian H, Yin X, Huai P, Tang W, Zhou D, Steffen LM (2014). "Intake of fruit juice and incidence of type 2 ... Sun T, Han X (2019). "Death versus dedifferentiation: The molecular bases of beta cell mass reduction in type 2 diabetes". ... Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified as separate conditions for the first time by the Indian physicians Sushruta and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *Carbohydrate dehydrogenases. *Carnitine dehydrogenase. *D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... Types. *EC1 Oxidoreductases (list). *EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list) ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is xylitol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (L-xylulose-forming). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-xylulose_reductase

Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *Carbohydrate dehydrogenases. *Carnitine dehydrogenase. *D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... Types. *EC1 Oxidoreductases (list). *EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list) ... In enzymology, a homoisocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.87) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoisocitrate_dehydrogenase

Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *Carbohydrate dehydrogenases. *Carnitine dehydrogenase. *D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ... 2ikg: Aldose reductase complexed with nitrophenyl-oxadiazol type inhibitor at 1.43 A ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity. • retinal dehydrogenase activity. • allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity. • NADP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1

... type 1 diabetes, or both, is called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2.[15] ... and beta-lipotropin. The subunit ACTH undergoes further cleavage to produce alpha-MSH, the most important MSH for skin ... "Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... "Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease

... either lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency (also known as glycogen storage disease XI) or lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency. ... The N-terminus is a Rossmann NAD-binding fold and the C-terminus is an unusual alpha+beta fold.[5][6] ... Expression of LDH5 and VEGF in tumors and the stroma has been found to be a strong prognostic factor for diffuse or mixed-type ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. *Danon disease/glycogen storage disease Type IIb. *Lipid storage disorder: Fabry's disease ... 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... There are four types of DI, each with a different set of causes.[1] Central DI (CDI) is due to a lack of the hormone ... Treatment involves drinking sufficient fluids to prevent dehydration.[1] Other treatments depend on the type.[1] In central and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

Type A (express A antigens), Type B (express B antigens), Type AB (express both A and B antigens) and Type O (express neither A ... Herbst EA, MacPherson RE, LeBlanc PJ, Roy BD, Jeoung NH, Harris RA, Peters SJ (Jan 2014). "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 ... Due to this, alcohol sulfotransferase is also known by several other names including "hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase," " ... Earliest discoveries of transferase activity occurred in other classifications of enzymes, including Beta-galactosidase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Diabetic nephropathy affects approximately a third of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DN is responsible for ... The prevalence of type 2 DM is particularly increasing due to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide.[49] Diabetic kidney ... "Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (24): 2545-2559. 2008-06-12. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_nephropathy

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... It was previously thought that particular types of pituitary tumors were more prone to apoplexy than others, but this has not ... 4 (2): 143-7. doi:10.1023/A:1022938019091. PMID 12766542.. *^ Fernández-Balsells MM, Murad MH, Barwise A, et al. (April 2011 ... 23 (2): 75-90. doi:10.1177/0885066607312992. PMID 18372348.. *^ Bruce BB, Biousse V, Newman NJ (Jul 2007). "Third nerve palsies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_apoplexy

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Types[edit]. Name. OMIM. Description. Seckel syndrome. 210600. People with Seckel syndrome are noted to have microcephaly. Many ... Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism, Type II (MODPD2). 210720. Those who have ODPDII often have additional medical problems as ... The five subtypes of primordial dwarfism are among the most severe forms of the 200 types of dwarfism, and some sources ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_dwarfism

16α-OH-DHEA is converted by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (3β-HSD1) into 16α-hydroxyandrostenedione (16α-OH-A4) and 16 ... "Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor alpha or beta". Biochemical ... DHEA is converted by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I into androstenedione, and androstenedione is aromatized into ... which is subsequently converted into estriol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and then secreted predominantly into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... In type 1, pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans are destroyed, decreasing endogenous insulin production. This ... Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus in which very little or no insulin is ... Vaccines to treat or prevent Type 1 diabetes are designed to induce immune tolerance to insulin or pancreatic beta cells.[97] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1

Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *Carbohydrate dehydrogenases. *Carnitine dehydrogenase. *D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl thioester reductase, beta-ketoacyl- ... Types. *EC1 Oxidoreductases (list). *EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

... which is subsequently converted to estradiol via 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD).[46] ... Collins P, Rosano GM, Sarrel PM, Ulrich L, Adamopoulos S, Beale CM, McNeill JG, Poole-Wilson PA (July 1995). "17 beta-Estradiol ... and estrus-type changes (including vaginal, uterine, and mammary gland changes and sexual receptivity) in sexually immature, ... 345-. ISBN 978-1-119-20246-2.. *^ a b c d e f g h i Lauritzen C, Studd JW (22 June 2005). Current Management of the Menopause. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Estradiol

Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *Carbohydrate dehydrogenases. *Carnitine dehydrogenase. *D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ... As GLUT transporters and stomatin are ubiquitously distributed in different human cell types and tissues, similar interactions ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... 28 (2): 1025-31. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq286. PMID 21037206.. *^ Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S (February 2011). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-gulonolactone_oxidase

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. ... "reverse type I" spectrum, by processes that are as yet unclear ... This can be measured by difference spectrometry and is referred to as the "type I" difference spectrum (see inset graph in ... Inhibitors and certain substrates that bind directly to the heme iron give rise to the type II difference spectrum, with a ... Retrieved 2014-11-13.. *^ Hanukoglu, Israel (1996). Electron Transfer Proteins of Cytochrome P450 Systems (PDF). Advances in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP450

... or 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (17beta-HSD-3).[8][9] A relative handful of male to female changes have been ... This cooling will produce a chicken with a fully functioning and reproductively fertile female body-type; even though the ... "17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 deficiency: A rare endocrine cause of male-to-female sex reversal". Gynecological ... Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T. (2005). "Gender Change in 46,XY Persons with 5α-Reductase-2 Deficiency and 17β-Hydroxysteroid ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_change

... and oxidative 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes.[42] ... 2010). "Human type 3 5α- reductase is expressed in peripheral tissues at higher levels than types 1 and 2 and its activity is ... "Human type 3 5α-reductase is expressed in peripheral tissues at higher levels than types 1 and 2 and its activity is potently ... specifically with local expression at the skin of reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_inhibitor

Type 1. Main article: Diabetes mellitus type 1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing beta ... 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified as separate conditions for the first time by the Indian physicians Sushruta and ... This type can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. The majority of type 1 diabetes is of the immune-mediated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic

Enzymes involved in this process include both mitochondrial and microsomal P450s and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Usually a ... The adrenal glands are composed of two heterogenous types of tissue. In the center is the adrenal medulla, which produces ... A complication seen in untreated Addison's disease and other types of primary adrenal insufficiency is the adrenal crisis, a ... The central adrenomedullary vein, in the adrenal medulla, is an unusual type of blood vessel. Its structure is different from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Other types may not stimulate the thyroid gland, but prevent TSI and TSH from binding to and stimulating the receptor. ... The rationale for radioactive iodine is that it accumulates in the thyroid and irradiates the gland with its beta and gamma ... The three types of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor currently recognized are: *Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins: these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves

3-beta-HSD. References[edit]. *^ Wikvall K (April 1981). "Purification and properties of a 3 β-hydroxy-delta 5-C27-steroid ... Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. *Sorbitol dehydrogenase. *Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β *3β-HSD. *NSDHL ... Types. *EC1 Oxidoreductases (list). *EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list) ... In enzymology, a cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol 3β-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.181) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol_3beta-dehydrogenase

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. *aromatase excess syndrome. *Androgen receptor (Androgen insensitivity syndrome) ... Types of disease[edit]. Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:[1] ... Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. ... 98 (2): 581-591. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3020. PMID 23284003.. *^ Phitayakorn, R; McHenry, CR (June 2008). "Hyperparathyroid crisis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_imbalance

The conversion of androstenedione to testosterone is catalyzed by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), whereas the ... Types and examples[edit]. Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens, including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol ( ... "DHEA metabolites activate estrogen receptors alpha and beta". Steroids. 78 (1): 15-25. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.002. PMC ... estradiol is dehydrogenated by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase into the much less potent estrogen estrone. These reactions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oestrogen

H. Zhu, C. Zou, X. Fan et al., "Upregulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression by Hedgehog ligand ... β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) expression in human trophoblast cells through modulation of 11β-HSD2 messenger ... β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in preeclamptic placentas is associated with decreased PPARγ but increased PPARα ... β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression," Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 114, no. 8, pp. 1146-1157, 2004. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcb/2017/6169310/

The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) is thought to protect the non-selective mineralocorticoid ... The new isoform is NAD+ dependent, exclusively dehydrogenase in directionality, inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid and ... identity with 17 beta HSD2, but is only 14% identical with 11 beta HSD1. The 11 beta HSD2 gene is highly expressed in kidney, ... Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / analysis* * Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / chemistry * Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7859916/?dopt=Abstract

Role of local 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2) expression in determining the phenotype of adrenal adenomas. ... Induction of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and hyperaldosteronism are essential for enhanced sodium absorption ... Inflammatory mediators down-regulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in a human lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B ... The possible roles of mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in cardiac fibrosis in the ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/authorSummary-Suzuki,%20Takashi.do?keywordId=D043209

The hypertensiogenetic steroid 19-nor-progesterone does not influence cortisol inactivation by 11beta-hydroxysteroid ... dehydrogenase type 2. - Julia Lepenies, Paul M Stewart, Marcus Quinkler ... 19-nor-P may inhibit renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), thus allowing cortisol to bind to the ... steroid 19-nor-progesterone does not influence cortisol inactivation by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2.. Abstract. ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/pubmed19811365.do

11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Recombinant Protein-AAC50356.1 (MBS2031421) product datasheet at MyBioSource, ... Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.. Protein type: Oxidoreductase; Lipid Metabolism - C21- ... The type II isozyme, encoded by this gene, has only 11-beta-dehydrogenase activity. In aldosterone-selective epithelial tissues ... The type I isozyme has both 11-beta-dehydrogenase (cortisol to cortisone) and 11-oxoreductase (cortisone to cortisol) ...

https://www.mybiosource.com/hsd11b2-recombinant-protein/11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-type-2/2031421

Both types of corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid) receptors and both 11HSD isozymes were expressed in the ... Both types of corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid) receptors and both 11HSD isozymes were expressed in the ... Both types of corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid) receptors and both 11HSD isozymes were expressed in the ... Both types of corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid) receptors and both 11HSD isozymes were expressed in the ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-type-2-in-mouse-aorta-locali

... has both dehydrogenase (11 beta DH) and reductase (11 beta R) activities, which catalyse the interconversion of cortisol and ... 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) has both dehydrogenase (11 beta ... Using radiolabelled cortisol 11 beta HSD activity has been shown to be lower in some cases of essential hypertension. This ... This approach was evaluated by inducing partial deficiency of 11 beta HSD in the volunteers who took liquorice (to inhibit 11 ...

http://amc.stoynev.us/11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-type-2.html

Product/Service Type: ELISA Kits. *Immunity, 50(2): 446-461.e9. (2019). PMID: 30709742. Title: Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk ... Product/Service Type: Custom Gene Synthesis Service. *Nature, 577: 689-694. (2020). PMID: 31942068. Title: VEGF-C-driven ... Product/Service Type: Custom Peptide Synthesis Service. *Neuron, 102(2): 420-434.e8. (2019). PMID: 30826183. Title: Distinct ... Product/Service Type: Biochemicals. *Science, 364(6436): pii: eaav0748. (2019). PMID: 30975858. Title: Glycosidase and glycan ...

https://www.biomatik.com/elisa-kits/rat-11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-type-2-hsd11b2-elisa-kit-cat-eku02005/

Publication type, MeSH terms, Substances. Publication type. *Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11BHSD2) converts cortisol to cortisone in the kidney, thereby ... Association between a variant in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene and primary hypertension.. Melander O1, ... 2) = 11.0, df = 10; P = 0.36). In conclusion, over-representation of individuals homozygous for the G534 allele in hypertensive ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=327

Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene (encoding human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2) explain the syndrome of apparent ... Association studies between the HSD11B2 gene (encoding human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2), type 1 diabetes ... frequency of HSD11B2 short alleles in the diabetic groups may reflect reduced renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 ... 150 patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy (DN), 145 patients with type 1 diabetes with a long duration of non- ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=3663

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme activity effect after exposures phthalat 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... metabolites in maternal urine and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2 ) enzyme activity, explore the possible ... 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 , Chromatography, Liquid , Diethylhexyl Phthalate , Fetal Development , Humans , ... type 2 enzyme activity effect after exposures phthalate esters in maternal / 中华预防医学杂志 ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wpr-302577

Structural analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 2000;58:1413 ... Molecular basis of human salt sensitivity: the role of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ... Hypertension in mice lacking 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:683-689. ... In vivo footprinting of the human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 promoter: evidence for cell-specific regulation by ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/64/4/860

Analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene (HSD11B2) in human essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2005 ... Epigenetic modulation of the renal beta-adrenergic-WNK4 pathway in salt-sensitive hypertension. Nat Med 2011; 17 (5): 573-580. ... deoxycytidine stimulates sACE mRNA expression specifically in in vitro cell type and in vivo tissue type.26 5-Aza-2′- ... Zhang YC, Bui JD, Shen L, Phillips MI . Antisense inhibition of beta(1)-adrenergic receptor mRNA in a single dose produces a ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/jhh2014132?error=cookies_not_supported&code=f07b65eb-ef39-4c3f-8fe2-9a5925ebaaec

... and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) gene expression. Relative m … ... Publication types * Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural * Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... SLC6A2 and 11β-HSD2 expression was increased in noncontrol groups, though the differences were not significant. SLC6A4, SLC6A2 ... 11β-HSD2) gene expression. Relative mRNA expression was compared among placental samples (n = 164) from healthy women, women ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21547899/

Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003;52:102-110pmid:12502499. ... Human and rodent type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are 7beta-hydroxycholesterol dehydrogenases involved in oxysterol ... 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and obesity. Front Horm Res 2008;36:146-164pmid:18230901. ... 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 regulates insulin and glucagon secretion in pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2008;51: ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/61/3/642

Reduced placental 11β-HSD2 in human pregnancy correlates with lower birth weight and higher blood pressure in later life. ... Reduced placental 11β-HSD2 in human pregnancy correlates with lower birth weight and higher blood pressure in later life. ... Similarly, in animal models, inhibition or knockout of placental 11β-HSD2 lowers offspring birth weight, in part by reducing ... Similarly, in animal models, inhibition or knockout of placental 11β-HSD2 lowers offspring birth weight, in part by reducing ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/neuro.08.019.2009/full

By product type. Primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies. ELISA and Matched Antibody Pair Kits. Cell and tissue imaging tools ... Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.. * Cellular localization. Microsome. Endoplasmic reticulum. ... Hydroxysteroid 11 beta dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 antibody. *NAD dependent 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase antibody ... By product type. Proteins and Peptides. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Lysates. Multiplex ...

https://www.abcam.com/hsd11b2-antibody-ab244510.html

... peroxides osteocalcin bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase ascorbic acid IGF-1 IGFBP-3 beta-carotene ... 2. Contents 1. 서론 4. 태아에 대한 영향 2. 병리과정 5. 금연 3. 산모에 대한 영향 6. 결론 ... 11. enzymatic activity 병리과정 • Tobacco usage alter mitochondrial respiratory function in cardiomyocytes and lung tissue. • ... By contrast, most placental zinc remains unbound to MTs • MT-2 isoform(induced by smoking ) could be involved in placental ...

https://www.slideshare.net/mothersafe/cs20406

Organotins disrupt the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ ... Arsenic induces pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis via the oxidative stress-regulated mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic ... type" and "brain-type" glucose transporters in mice. Mol Pharmacol 1995;47:65-73. ... Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men With Type 2 Diabetes and/or Metabolic Syndrome (the TIMES2 Study). Diabetes Care ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/60/7/1838

5. Palermo M, Armanini D, Delitala G. Grapefruit juice inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vivo, in man. Clin ... text new page (beta). *. English (pdf) *. Article in xml format. * How to cite this article. ... Subject VO2max (48.1 ± 2.1; 48.9 ± 2.1 ml.kg.min-1), maximal heart rate (185 ± 3; 187 ± 3 beats.min-1), and post-exercise ... This is in line with a decrease in F oxidation to E, a reaction that is mediated by 11β-HSD2 (1,9,10) and likely inhibited by ...

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972017000600556

Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt; Review Date: 2012-09-19. ... 0/Glucocorticoids; EC 1.1.1.146/11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. ... 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 / antagonists & inhibitors, physiology. Adaptation, Physiological. Adult. Animals. ... CZB/4/582//Chief Scientist Office; CZG/2/478//Chief Scientist Office; //Wellcome Trust ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Glucocorticoid-excess-developmental-origins-disease/22998948.html

cortisol 11-beta-ketoreductase deficiency. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 2 ...

http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/DOID?p=classes&conceptid=DOID%3A0090121

2004) 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in lean and obese males with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin ... 2005) IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med 11:191-198. ... 2001) Minireview: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1- a tissue-specific amplifier of glucocorticoid action. ... and glucose tolerance in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 null mice. J Biol Chem 276:41293-41300. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/107/14/6127

Distal tubular electrolyte transport during inhibition of renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Am. J. Physiol. Renal ... 2008). Angiotensin type 1 receptors in the subfornical organ mediate the drinking and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response ... Brain serotoninergic stimulation reduces the water intake induced by systemic and central beta-adrenergic administration. Braz ... Yang, G., Xi, Z. X., Wan, Y., Wang, H., and Bi, G. (1993). Changes in circulating and tissue angiotensin II during acute and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00046/full

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD2_neuron

Publications] Ariga N et al.: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 in ductal carcinoma in situ and ... Publications] Suzuki T et al.: 17 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 in human breast carcinoma : a ... 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-,4-isomerase activity associated with the human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... Publications] Takeyama J et al.: 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 expression in the human fetus.Joumal of ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12218201/

Many adult diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are related to low birth weight. The ... 2, 42-46.. Herrera, E, Lasuncion, MA, Gomes Coronado, D, Aranda, P, Lopez-Luna, P & Maier, I (1988) Role of lipoprotein lipase ... Semin Perinatol 2, 223-234.. Ozanne, SE, Martensz, ND, Petry, CJ, Loizou, CL & Hales, CN (1998) Maternal low protein diet in ... Cells Tissues Organs 164, 2-13.. Kaijser, M, Granath, F, Jacosen, G, Cnattingius, S & Ekbom, A (2000) Maternal pregnancy ...

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/maternal-endocrine-environment-in-the-lowprotein-model-of-intrauterine-growth-restriction/26356BAA0DAFEF38379C6E02FD720FD2

Tiwari, A. (2010). INCB-13739, an 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ... 1993). Altered ratios of beta-endorphin: Beta-lipotropin released from anterior lobe corticotropes with increased secretory ... 2004). Cell-type specific calcium signaling by corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) and 2a (CRF2(a)) receptors: ... 1993). A C-Elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild-type. Nature, 366(6454), 461-464.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-89506-2_11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone

... renin ratio is increased slightly by beta blockers, clonidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, renin inhibitors, and ... Cancer Types. Open Submenu. * Cancer Types. Back. *Brain Cancer. *Breast Cancer. *Cervical Cancer ... Measurement of the ratio of cortisol to cortisone serves as an indicator of whether there is decreased activity of the 11-beta- ... hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2. (Table 1) Table 1.. Plasma Aldosterone. Serum Potassium. Plasma Renin. ...

https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/labmed/pseudoaldosteronism/

The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) is thought to protect the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids, and to modulate access of glucocorticoids to glucocorticoid receptors resulting in protection of the fetus and gonads. (nih.gov)
These data suggest that 11 beta HSD2 plays an important role in modulating mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor occupancy by glucocorticoids. (nih.gov)
Both isozymes of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which interconvert active and inactive glucocorticoids, are expressed in the mouse aortic wall. (ed.ac.uk)
Abnormally elevated intracellular regeneration of glucocorticoids by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in fat or liver may underlie pathophysiological aspects of the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
11β-HSD1 is elevated in islets of diabetic rodents ( 4 - 6 ), where it was hypothesized to promote β-cell failure by amplifying the suppressive effects of glucocorticoids on insulin secretion ( 7 , 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
During fetal development, placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) provides a barrier to maternal glucocorticoids. (frontiersin.org)
One of the key hypotheses to explain programming, namely over exposure of the developing fetus to glucocorticoids, was proposed nearly two decades ago, following the observation that the fetus was protected from high glucocorticoid levels in the mother by the actions of the placental barrier enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts active glucocorticoids into inactive products. (biomedsearch.com)
Objectives The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays a well-characterised role in the metabolism and activation of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). (bmj.com)
Enzymes such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which is potently upregulated at sites of inflammation, reactivates inactive glucocorticoids such as prednisone. (bmj.com)
Estimates suggest that 1-2% of the population of the United States and United Kingdom take prescribed glucocorticoids (GCs) for the treatment of a broad spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are classically involved in the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The enzyme responsible for this conversion of glucocorticoids is 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD). (ki.se)

As a result, a number of pan-HDAC inhibitors have been examined for their ability to promote 11 β -HSD2 expression. (hindawi.com)
Here, we examined the ability of pan- and class-specific HDAC inhibitors to regulate 11 β -HSD2 expression in JEG3 cells. (hindawi.com)
We sought to determine if maternal depression, anxiety, and/or treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect placental human serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2), and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) gene expression. (nih.gov)
Although this strengthens the growing contention that 11β-HSD1 inhibitors are an effective therapeutic treatment for metabolic syndrome through actions in multiple organ systems ( 9 ), any physiological role of β-cell 11β-HSD1, and indeed the potentially pathogenic role ( 5 - 8 ) of elevated 11β-HSD1 in islets in vivo, remains uncertain. (diabetesjournals.org)
The aldosterone:renin ratio is increased slightly by beta blockers, clonidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, renin inhibitors, and renal impairment, possibly leading to false-positive results for the screening test. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In the attempt to control the rise of type 2 diabetes, new treatments such as these 11β-HSD1 inhibitors and others that focus on mechanisms relating to cortisol regulation may have favorable results. (kon.org)
Furthermore, emerging approaches for diabetes therapy are reported including glucokinase activators and 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors. (pipelinereview.com)
Early stage novel drug classes include those such as 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors and glucokinase activators. (drug-dev.com)

17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 expression in the human fetus. (nii.ac.jp)
Androgen metabolism via 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates: comparison of the human and the zebrafish enzyme. (wikipathways.org)

In conclusion, 19-nor-P did not inhibit human 11beta-HSD2 and seems not to be involved in human hypertension . (curehunter.com)
Mice deficient in 11HSD type 2 ( which converts active corticosterone into inert 11-dehydrocorticosterone) have hypertension and impaired endothelial nitric oxide activity. (ed.ac.uk)
Using radiolabelled cortisol 11 beta HSD activity has been shown to be lower in some cases of essential hypertension. (stoynev.us)
Association between a variant in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene and primary hypertension. (cdc.gov)
To gain insight into potentially relevant miRNAs in vivo, we investigated 2 models with differential 11β-HSD2 activity linked with salt-sensitive hypertension. (ahajournals.org)
2 The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 is predicted to increase by ~60% to a total of 1.56 billion, particularly projected in economically developing countries. (nature.com)
The HSD11B2 gene, encoding the kidney isoenzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is a candidate for essential hypertension. (nature.com)
Subtle deficiencies in 11β-HSD2 activity have been reported in subsets of hypertensives and normotensives ( 8 , 9 ), whereas more severe hypertension and hypokalemia are observed in cases of substantial or complete loss of 11β-HSD2 activity ( 1 , 9 ). (scielo.br)
Many adult diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are related to low birth weight. (cambridge.org)
Intrduction: Edema, Hypertension and Hypokalemia occur with inhibition of 11 B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (11B-HSD2) by chronic Licorice ingestion. (scirp.org)
Conclusion: This case report indicates that chronic ingestion of sweetener stevia may induce edema, hypertension and hypokalemia via reduced conversion of cortisol into cortisone by inhibition of 11 B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2. (scirp.org)
P. Heilmann, E. Buchheim, J. Wacker and R. Ziegler, "Alteration of the Activity of the 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Pregnancy: Relevance for the Development of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension? (scirp.org)
According to the 2012 World Health Statistics report released by the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension affects approximately 24.8% of the global population with the range from 19.7% to 35.5% in different regions [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here we present data to demonstrate that the adverse side-effect profile associated with exogenous active glucocorticoid (GC) administration (including glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, increased adiposity, and myopathy) is prevented by global deletion of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in mice. (pnas.org)
11β-HSD1 KO mice with circulating GC excess are protected from the glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, adiposity, hypertension, myopathy, and dermal atrophy of Cushing syndrome. (pnas.org)
As discussed elsewhere in this issue, beginning with David Barker's insight and original observations leading to the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease hypothesis ( 1 ), epidemiologic studies have strongly suggested that an adverse intrauterine environment may lead to adult hypertension ( 2 - 5 ). (asnjournals.org)

Both types of corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid) receptors and both 11HSD isozymes were expressed in the aortic wall. (ed.ac.uk)
There are at least two isozymes of the corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase, a microsomal enzyme complex responsible for the interconversion of cortisol and cortisone. (creativebiomart.net)
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, corticosteroid 11β-dehydrogenase, β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, corticosteroid 11-reductase, dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxy steroid, 11β-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 11-oxidoreductase, 11betaHSD, EC 1.1.1.146 ) adalah enzim dengan 2 isoform yang masing-masing mempercepat reaksi inter-konversi antara hormon kortisol dan hormon kortison . (wikipedia.org)

Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2 increases HSD11B2 expression [ 12 ], whilst suppressing p38 reduces 11 β -HSD2 activity [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Role of local 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2) expression in determining the phenotype of adrenal adenomas. (curehunter.com)
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, middle and high level 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2) were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. (biomatik.com)
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, middle and high level 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. (biomatik.com)
This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2). (biomatik.com)
The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2). (biomatik.com)
Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2). (biomatik.com)
After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2), biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. (biomatik.com)
The concentration of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (HSD11b2) in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve. (biomatik.com)
The mechanism of the variable and distinct 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene ( HSD11B2 ) expression in the cortical collecting duct is poorly understood. (ahajournals.org)
Association studies between the HSD11B2 gene (encoding human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2), type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nep. (cdc.gov)
Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene (encoding human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2) explain the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess where cortisol acts as a mineralocorticoid. (cdc.gov)
Weak associations are reported between the HSD11B2 gene, type 1 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. (cdc.gov)
The increased frequency of HSD11B2 short alleles in the diabetic groups may reflect reduced renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity and may, in part, explain the enhanced salt sensitivity observed in patients with type 1 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
HSD11B2 has several biochemical functions, for example, 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity, NAD binding, steroid binding. (creativebiomart.net)

Genetic deficiency of 11-beta-steroid hydroxylase can lead to overproduction of 11-deoxycorticosterone and decreased aldosterone. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Genetic disorders, such as 11-beta steroid hydroxylase deficiency and Liddle syndrome, are suggested by onset at an early age and familial inheritance. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Corticosterone methyl oxidase type II (CMO II) deficiency: biochemical approach to diagnosis. (wikipathways.org)
Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency caused by compound heterozygosity for a novel mutation, p.G314R, in one CYP11B1 allele, and a chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 in the other allele. (wikipathways.org)
46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) due to 17Î²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency. (wikipathways.org)
A novel nonstop mutation in the stop codon and a novel missense mutation in the type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) gene causing, respectively, nonclassic and classic 3beta-HSD deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (wikipathways.org)
Cortisone-reductase deficiency associated with heterozygous mutations in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. (wikipathways.org)

The 11 beta HSD2 gene is highly expressed in kidney, colon, pancreas and placenta and the message is also present in the ovary, prostate and testis. (nih.gov)
The type II isozyme, encoded by this gene, has only 11-beta-dehydrogenase activity. (creativebiomart.net)
Two homozygous mutations in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in a case of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. (wikipathways.org)
With the aim of identifying possible gene targets for direct or indirect regulation by vasopressin in the renal medulla, we have carried out cDNA array experiments in inner medullas of Brattleboro rats infused with the V(2) receptor-selective vasopressin analog desamino-Cys1,d-Arg8 vasopressin (dDAVP) for 72 h. (bio5.org)
The NR3C1 gene expresses mainly two mRNAs through alternative use of exons 9alpha and 9beta, producing two highly homologous receptor isoforms, termed alpha and beta(N. Z. Lu and Cidlowski, 2005). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Therefore, the human GR gene can produce eleven different transcripts alternating the different promoters that encode the same GR proteins having a common exon 2, which contains the translating ATG codon. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression: synergistic activation by Egr-1, AP-2 and the glucocorticoid receptor. (naver.com)

Glucocorticoid hormones potently regulate metabolism and, in rare cases of excess (Cushing syndrome), cause metabolic syndrome ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
S. Ulick and R. Tedde, "Pathogenesis of the Type 2 Variant of the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 70, No. 1, 1990, pp. 200-206. (scirp.org)
P. M. Stewart, B. R. Walker, G. Holder, D. O'Halloran and C. H. Shackleton, "11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Cushing's Syndrome: Explaining the Mineralocorticoid Excess State of the Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Syndrome," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 80, No. 12, 1995, pp. 3617-3620. (scirp.org)
Conclusions We identify an entirely novel component of therapeutic GC action, whereby following their systemic metabolism, they require peripheral reactivation and amplification by 11β-HSD1 at sites of inflammation to deliver their anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. (bmj.com)
A novel role of 11beta-HSD1 in 7-oxosterol metabolism was discovered and investigated using recombinant 11beta-HSD1 orthologs. (ki.se)

Plasma steroid kinetics were investigated following oral hydrocortisone (a substrate for 11 beta DH) and prednisone (a substrate for 11 beta R) in five normotensive volunteers after dexamethasone suppression of endogenous steroid production. (stoynev.us)
11α-OHP is used as a precursor in chemical syntheses of cortisone and hydrocortisone. (wikipedia.org)

Effects of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone on insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
Carbenoxolone reversibly inhibits the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone by blocking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). (wikidoc.org)
Carbenoxolone may decrease the amount of active glucocortocoid in the brain, because the drug inhibits 11β-HSD, an enzyme which regenerates cortisol , an active glucocorticoid, from inactive cortisone . (wikidoc.org)

Because of its inhibition of 11β-HSD and consequent potentiation of corticosteroids, 11α-OHP has recently been patented for the treatment of skin diseases, particularly psoriasis in combination with clobetasol propionate and minoxidil. (wikipedia.org)
B. R. Walker, J. C. Campbell, R. Fraser, P. M. Stewart and C. R. Edwards, "Mineralocorticoid Excess and Inhibition of 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Patients with Ectopic ACTH Syndrome," Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), Vol. 37, No. 6, 1992, pp. 483-492. (scirp.org)

The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11BHSD2) converts cortisol to cortisone in the kidney, thereby protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor from the mineralocorticoid actions of cortisol. (cdc.gov)
The type I isozyme has both 11-beta-dehydrogenase (cortisol to cortisone) and 11-oxoreductase (cortisone to cortisol) activities. (creativebiomart.net)
The active agent in licorice, glycyrrhizin, inhibits the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which metabolizes cortisol to cortisone in the kidney. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Measurement of the ratio of cortisol to cortisone serves as an indicator of whether there is decreased activity of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Placental 11 β -HSD2 is known to be reduced in a number of adverse pregnancy complications, possibly through an epigenetic mechanism. (hindawi.com)
Reduced placental 11β-HSD2 in human pregnancy correlates with lower birth weight and higher blood pressure in later life. (frontiersin.org)
Similarly, in animal models, inhibition or knockout of placental 11β-HSD2 lowers offspring birth weight, in part by reducing glucose delivery to the developing fetus in late gestation. (frontiersin.org)
Cloning and production of antisera to human placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. (naver.com)

PAEs could affect fetal development by inhibit 11β-HSD2 activity. (bvsalud.org)
Based on a preliminary analysis of the literature, we hypothesized that GFJ intake will be decreased more by sal 11β-HSD2 activity than by the CON treatment and that intense muscular work will inhibit 11β-HSD2 activity to a greater extent after GFJ intake than in the CON. (scielo.br)

11 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone (11 alpha OH-P) was an order of magnitude more potent a competitive inhibitor of the 11 beta HSD-2 than was glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) (approximate IC50 = 0.9 vs. 15 nM). (wikipedia.org)
In intact cells 11α-hydroxyprogesterone is a more potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 than glycyrrhetinic acid or 11β-hydroxyprogesterone (117, 118). (wikipedia.org)

Normally, this is prevented by the expression of an enzyme in the placenta called 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 β -HSD2) which converts active cortisol to its inactive metabolite cortisone. (hindawi.com)

150 patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy (DN), 145 patients with type 1 diabetes with a long duration of non-nephropathy (LDNN) and 151 normal controls were studied. (cdc.gov)
Duration of type 1 diabetes, diabetic status and renal function were recorded. (cdc.gov)
Type 2 diabetes ultimately results from pancreatic β-cell failure. (diabetesjournals.org)
Elevated 11β-HSD1 is also found in pancreatic islets of obese/diabetic rodents and is hypothesized to suppress insulin secretion and promote diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings have immediate significance for current therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Type 2 diabetes prevalence has risen dramatically in parallel with the worldwide increase in obesity ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This premise is strongly supported by the phenotype of transgenic mice overexpressing 11β-HSD1 in fat or liver, which recapitulates diabetes and insulin-resistant metabolic disease, and by the protection from metabolic disease exhibited by 11β-HSD1 −/− mice ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In the U.S. alone, annual costs associated with diabetes are estimated to be $174 billion ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Despite the potential importance of EDCs in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the contribution of synthetic chemical exposure to the diabetes epidemic remains largely unrecognized and underappreciated even though U.S. diabetes rates have increased in concordance with the national production of synthetic organic chemicals ( Fig. 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Increased adiposity is closely linked to the development of insulin resistance, an important predisposing factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Indeed, simply reducing daily food intake 20-40% below the ad libitum amount, or providing food intermittently, rather than continuously, has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of developing diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and renal failure and can extend lifespan by up to 40% in rats and mice ( 3 , 6 , 7 ). (pnas.org)
In the United States, more than 30% of the adult population is obese, and some studies estimate that by 2030, more than 366 million people worldwide will develop type 2 diabetes, with obesity being an important factor responsible for this increase ( 8 , 9 ). (pnas.org)
2014). In addition, the melanocortin system's influence on circulating glucose levels suggests it could also be targeted to treat obesity-related type 2 diabetes (Morgan et al. (springer.com)
although the morbidity and mortality rates for countless diseases have been reduced due to advances in medical research and high standard of living, the rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases. (kon.org)
This paper is a review of the role of cortisol and abdominal obesity in the epidemic of type 2 Diabetes. (kon.org)
Future efforts in this related struggle against both obesity and type 2 diabetes should encompass a strong focus on cortisol so such prevention and treatment can successfully advance. (kon.org)
According to the US National Commission on Diabetes, the likelihood of acquiring type 2 diabetes is 2-fold for mildly obese individuals, 5-fold for moderately obese individuals, and 10-fold for the severely obese individuals (Pi-Sunyer, 2007). (kon.org)
Abdominal obesity has been strongly correlated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and cortisol may be involved (Franco, 2001). (kon.org)
Type 2 Diabetes develops through abnormal insulin action and insulin secretion (Goldstein, 2002). (kon.org)
In addition, ∼30% of patients who have insulin resistance eventually develop type 2 diabetes. (physiology.org)
The present Competitive Intelligence Report about Targeted Therapy of Diabetes provides a competitor evaluation in the field of novel molecules being developed for treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes as of April 2011. (pipelinereview.com)
The report includes a compilation of currently active projects in research and development of novel molecules for treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes. (pipelinereview.com)
[6] 11β-HSD1 tercatat ikut berperan dalam beberapa patofisiologi antara lain sindrom resistansi insulin , osteoporosis , glaukoma , ocular surface renewal , faktor risiko kardiovaskular seperti hipertensi , obesitas dan hiperlipidemia , serta diabetes tipe 2 [7] dan disfungsi kognitif akibat penuaan . (wikipedia.org)
The global type 2 diabetes market is set to almost double from $31.2 billion in 2015 to $58.7 billion by 2025, representing a compound annual growth rate of 6.5%, according to research and consulting firm GlobalData. (drug-dev.com)
Due to the increasing prevalence and progressive nature of type 2 diabetes, there are considerably high unmet needs within the indication. (drug-dev.com)
Cuaron continues "Currently, all available treatments for type 2 diabetes are initially effective and reduce complication rates. (drug-dev.com)
GlobalData believes that in order to address the biggest unmet need in type 2 diabetes, new drugs must address the problem of insulin resistance, as this is the root of the disease. (drug-dev.com)
This report provides analysis of the type 2 diabetes treatment space across the nine major markets of the US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, Japan, China, and India, including annualized market data from 2015 and forecast to 2025. (drug-dev.com)
INCB13739 is developed as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes. (drugbank.ca)
11beta-HSD1 is an enzyme that appears to be critical to the development of type 2 diabetes. (drugbank.ca)
Investigated for use/treatment in diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetes prevention. (drugbank.ca)
Cortisol acts as an antagonist of insulin action, and 11beta-HSD1 mediated production of cortisol has been hypothesized to contribute to human insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (drugbank.ca)
INCB13739 inhibits 11beta-HSD1 and has the potential to provide a broad spectrum impact on the multiple components seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. (drugbank.ca)
Our objective was to delineate the potential role of adipogenesis in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (nih.gov)
The connection between insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2 has been well established, and the major abnormalities are peripheral insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and increased endogenous glucose production. (ki.se)
Hence it is postulated that the known beneficial effects of 11beta-HSD1-inhibition in the pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus can be extended to include improved insulin release in diabetic mice. (ki.se)

We find that pan-, class I, or class IIa HDAC inhibition promoted 11 β -HSD2 expression and prevented cortisol or interleukin-1 β -induced decrease in its expression. (hindawi.com)
These results demonstrate that targeting a specific class of HDACs can promote 11 β -HSD2 expression in JEG3 cells. (hindawi.com)
At the core of this process is the placental enzyme 11 β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 β -HSD2), an enzyme that is expressed primarily within the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta where it catalyses the conversion of active cortisol into its inactive product cortisone, thereby controlling the levels of cortisol that reach the fetus [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
More recently, epigenetic mechanisms have been linked to 11 β -HSD2 regulation. (hindawi.com)
A ubiquitous low affinity NADP+ dependent enzyme (11 beta HSD1) and a tissue specific, high affinity NAD+ dependent form (11 beta HSD2) of 11 beta HSD exist. (nih.gov)
We now report the isolation of a cDNA coding for human 11 beta HSD2. (nih.gov)
Sequence alignment shows that 11 beta HSD2 shares 35% identity with 17 beta HSD2, but is only 14% identical with 11 beta HSD1. (nih.gov)
Fetal kidney cells (HEK 293) were transfected with human 11beta-HSD2 and incubated with increasing concentrations of 19-nor-P, labelled and unlabelled cortisol . (curehunter.com)
19-nor-P treatment did not significantly reduce 11beta-HSD2 activity (430 to 300 pmol/mg protein/h) in the range of tested concentrations. (curehunter.com)
The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) is selectively expressed in aldosterone target tissues, conferring aldosterone selectivity for the mineralocorticoid receptor. (ahajournals.org)
Here, we analyzed for the first time whether the 11β-HSD2 expression is modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). (ahajournals.org)
To study the association between phthalate esters (PAEs) metabolites in maternal urine and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2 ) enzyme activity, explore the possible mechanism of PAEs effect on fetal development . (bvsalud.org)
PAEs metabolites MBP (β' = 1.12), MEHHP(β' = 1.14), MEOHP(β' = 1.10), SumDEHP(β' = 1.08) in baby boy mother 's urine was reversely correlated to 11β-HSD2 activity. (bvsalud.org)
SLC6A2 and 11β-HSD2 expression was increased in noncontrol groups, though the differences were not significant. (nih.gov)
SLC6A4, SLC6A2, and 11β-HSD2 expression levels were positively correlated. (nih.gov)
The enzymatic activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2) is key to protecting mineral corticoid receptors from cortisol and has been implicated in blood pressure regulation. (scielo.br)
This study examines the effect of GFJ and intense exercise on 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity in vivo . (scielo.br)
Sal cortisone (E) and cortisol (F) levels were determined, and the Sal cortisone:cortisol (E:F) ratio was used as an index of 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity at rest and after intense muscular work. (scielo.br)
Treadmill stress significantly increased Sal-E and Sal-F but did not alter 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity regardless of treatment. (scielo.br)
The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) is expressed in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the kidney, colon, salivary glands, and placenta. (scielo.br)
The enzymatic activity of 11β-HSD2 can be estimated using the ratios of these hormones in urine ( 2 - 5 ) and saliva (Sal) fluids ( 4 , 6 , 7 ). (scielo.br)
Preliminary in vitro ( 10 ) and in vivo ( 5 , 10 ) studies suggest that grapefruit juice (GFJ) transiently decreases 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity, and this has been associated with high levels of bioflavonoids, such as naringin and its aglycone, naringenin. (scielo.br)
A study using a larger sample size and a moderate (0.7 L/day) GFJ intake along with a more convenient matrix, such as Sal sampling, to assess 11β-HSD2 activity is warranted. (scielo.br)
It has been reported that acidosis decreases 11β-HSD2 activity in the human placenta and in rodent inner medullary-collecting duct cells ( 11 , 12 ). (scielo.br)
It is conceivable that intense muscular work may decrease 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity. (scielo.br)
Taken together, little is known about the regulation of 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity in vivo in humans. (scielo.br)
and 2) to examine the effect of intense muscular work, which is known to induce lactic acidemia in response to 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity in tests using GFJ vs CON treatments. (scielo.br)
The term "HSD2 neurons" is used in the scientific literature to refer to a subpopulation of neurons in the NTS which express both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2). (wikipedia.org)
A small number of HSD2 neurons (less than 2%) may express the neuropeptide galanin. (wikipedia.org)
It is notably not metabolized by 11β-HSD2. (wikipedia.org)
In conclusion, hCG is an important paracrine or autocrine hormone maintaining 11beta-HSD2 expression and the up-regulation of 11beta-HSD2 expression by cortisol may be mediated in part by hCG in the syncytiotrophoblasts. (labome.org)
Two different isozymes of 11beta-HSD (11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2) are described. (ki.se)

2 Endocrinology Unit, University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. (diabetesjournals.org)

Some tumors produce steroid hormones, such as 11-deoxycorticosterone that have substantial mineralocorticoid activity. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

In 1995, 11α-OHP, along with its epimer 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, was identified as a very potent competitive inhibitor of both isoforms (1 and 2) of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). (wikipedia.org)
The P450 arachidonic acid monooxygenases oxidize arachidonic acid to a) 19- or 20-HETE (w-hydroxylase or CYP4 isoforms), or b) 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, or 14,15-EET (epoxygenase or CYP2 isoforms). (herokuapp.com)

The glucocorticoid hypothesis is affirmed by studies that have shown that elevated maternal cortisol is associated with heightened HPA activity [ 2 ] and alterations in brain structure [ 3 ] in affected offspring. (hindawi.com)
This study sought to determine (1) the cellular distribution of the 11HSD isozymes within the mouse aortic wall and (2) the influence of 11HSD2 on direct glucocorticoid-mediated changes in aortic function. (ed.ac.uk)
Elevated local tissue glucocorticoid excess, driven by increased levels of the intracellular glucocorticoid regenerating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), particularly in adipose tissue, is implicated in the development of idiopathic metabolic syndrome ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In aldosterone-selective epithelial tissues such as the kidney, the type II isozyme catalyzes the glucocorticoid cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone, thus preventing illicit activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. (creativebiomart.net)
Expression of genes encoding for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptors (CRHR) 1 and 2beta, CRH-binding protein, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R), and glucocorticoid receptor was quantified by real-time PCR and localized by in situ hydridization in fetal lungs at gestational days (GD) 15.5, 16.5, and 17.5, and was also quantified in primary mesenchymal- and epithelial cell-enriched cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
On GD 15.5, Mc2r showed peaks in expression in samples that have previously presented high mRNA levels for glucocorticoid synthesizing enzymes, including 11beta-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1). (biomedcentral.com)
11beta-HSD1 mediates activation of the glucocorticoid precursor cortisone (in humans) to the active glucocorticoid receptor ligand cortisol. (ki.se)
Because of the beneficial effects of reduced tissue glucocorticoid levels in the metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 11beta-HSD1 is a pursued target of pharmacological intervention. (ki.se)
11beta-HSD1 mediates glucocorticoid-activation in pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and thereby regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (ki.se)

Studi lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa pada sistem gonadal, 11β-HSD tipe 1 disekresi oleh sel renal embrionik dan sel hGL , sedangkan 11β-HSD tipe 2 hanya disekresi oleh sel HEK. (wikipedia.org)

One possible factor is a regulated increase in the movement of cytoplasmic protein to the luminal membrane leading to a restoration of functional transporter to an essentially wild type level. (bio5.org)
Quantitative, real-time RT-PCR measurements confirmed increases seen for six selected transcripts (Wilms' tumor protein, beta-arrestin 2, neurofibromin, casein kinase IIbeta, aquaporin-3, and aquaporin-4). (bio5.org)
For several targets including aquaporin-2, transcript abundance and protein abundance changes did not correlate. (bio5.org)
Targets with demonstrated increases in both protein and mRNA abundances included neurofibromin, casein kinase IIbeta, the beta-subunit of the epithelial Na channel (beta-ENaC), 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and c-Fos. (bio5.org)
Chemical inhibition of myristoylation of the G-protein Gi1 alpha by 2-hydroxymyristate does not interfere with its palmitoylation or membrane association. (naver.com)

Increased expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Role of local 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in determining the phenotype of adrenal adenomas. (curehunter.com)
11HSD1 expression colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin (a marker for smooth muscle cells), whereas 11HSD2 colocalized with TIE-2 (a marker for endothelial cells). (ed.ac.uk)
11 , 15 The main function of DNA methylation is to modulate the expression of the genetic information, by modifying the accessibility of DNA to the transcriptional machinery. (nature.com)
Expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor in primary lung carcinomas. (nii.ac.jp)
Spatial and temporal expression of alpha- and beta-thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs, including the beta 2-subtype, in the developing mammalian nervous system. (springer.com)
Ni X, Duan T, Yang Z, Guo C, Li J, Sun K. Role of human chorionic gonadotropin in maintaining 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. (labome.org)
Unilateral labyrinthectomy downregulates glutamate receptor delta-2 expression in the rat vestibulocerebellum. (naver.com)
Expression and secretion of recombinant ovine beta-lactoglobulin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. (naver.com)
and PPARgamma2, p = 0.02) had significantly lower expression in obese type 2 diabetics, whereas C/EBPbeta only tended to be lower (p = 0.07). (nih.gov)
In this study, the expression profile of eleven candidate reference genes was assessed in K. pneumoniae cells submitted to various experimental conditions, and the expression stability of these candidate genes was evaluated using statistical algorithms BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm, Delta CT and RefFinder. (bvsalud.org)

It is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1 (11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1). (drugbank.ca)
11beta-HSD1 orthologs from human, rat, mouse and guinea pig show considerable inter-species variations as inferred by primary structure determinations and inhibitor characterization. (ki.se)
A 11beta-HSD1 selective arylsulfonamidothiazole inhibitor class was investigated and is currently developed as a promising tool for the treatment of insulinresistance. (ki.se)

11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) has both dehydrogenase (11 beta DH) and reductase (11 beta R) activities, which catalyse the interconversion of cortisol and cortisone, and prednisolone and prednisone. (stoynev.us)

Although some studies have illustrated that type 2 diabetics do not have higher levels of ACTH or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity than normal individuals, other studies have alternatively illustrated that cortisol levels are increased in diabetics (Chiodini, 2007). (kon.org)

Dong L, Li J, Liu Y, Yue W, Luo X. Toll-like receptor 2 monoclonal antibody or/and Toll-like receptor 4 monoclonal antibody increase counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. (labome.org)
After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 (HSD11b3), biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. (sinoprot.com)

The enzymatic origin of endogenous 7beta-OH-cholesterol in humans is assigned to 11beta- HSD1, possibly pointing to an involvement in atherosclerosis. (ki.se)

Inflammatory mediators down-regulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in a human lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and the rat lung. (curehunter.com)
Tian D, Zhu M, Li J, Ma Y, Wu R. Cigarette smoke extract induces activation of beta-catenin/TCF signaling through inhibiting GSK3beta in human alveolar epithelial cell line. (labome.org)
There was no difference in the mRNA expressions of thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter, epithelial Na channel (ENaC), aquaporin-2, ROMK, and NaKATPase. (bio5.org)

The results show that the hydrophobic enzyme 11beta-HSD1 can be expressed with high activity as a full length, membrane bound enzyme in the yeast system Pichia pastoris and can be purified as a soluble, N-terminally truncated form expressed in E.coli, by using metal-chelate chromatography. (ki.se)

17 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 in human breast carcinoma : a correlation to clinicopathological parameters. (nii.ac.jp)
11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II and mineralocorticoid receptor in human placenta. (nii.ac.jp)
17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 in ductal carcinoma in situ and intraductal proliferative lesions of the human breast. (nii.ac.jp)
MicroRNA-146A contributes to abnormal activation of the type I interferon pathway in human lupus by targeting the key signaling proteins. (labome.org)
Biochemical and pharmacogenetic dissection of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type II. (wikipathways.org)
Purification of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 from human placenta utilizing a novel affinity labelling technique. (naver.com)

2. p47(phox) contributes to albuminuria and kidney fibrosis in mice. (herokuapp.com)

Importantly, genes belonging to steroid hormone biosynthesis (3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450, and steroid-11 beta-hydroxylase) were all expressed less in mice on a high-fat diet. (wur.nl)

This study investigated a novel approach to estimating 11 beta HSD activity in vivo. (stoynev.us)
It may therefore be applied to the measurement of 11 beta HSD activity in vivo in large numbers of hypertensive patients without the use of radioisotopes. (stoynev.us)
To test the hypothesis that increased β-cell 11β-HSD1 is diabetogenic, we used the insulin-I promoter ( 10 ) to drive β-cell-specific 11β-HSD1 elevation in vivo in C57Bl/KsJ mice, a strain prone to high-fat (HF) diet-induced β-cell failure ( 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In vivo pilot studies have been limited by small sample sizes of 1-6 research subjects and have used large (1-2 L/day) amounts of GFJ ( 5 , 10 ). (scielo.br)
The compound has been found to be highly active in conferring mineralocorticoid sodium-retaining activity of corticosterone in vivo in rat bioassays and in increasing blood pressure, effects that it mediates by preventing the 11β-HSD-mediated inactivation of endogenous corticosteroids. (wikipedia.org)

To define the direct impact of elevated pancreatic β-cell 11β-HSD1 on insulin secretion, we generated β-cell-specific, 11β-HSD1-overexpressing (MIP-HSD1) mice on a strain background prone to β-cell failure. (diabetesjournals.org)

new insight into the structure-function relationships of 3Î²-hydroxysteroid dehidrogenase type II. (wikipathways.org)

We investigated the contribution of 11β-HSD1 to the anti-inflammatory properties of the active GC corticosterone, administered at therapeutic doses in murine models of polyarthritis. (bmj.com)
Methods Using the tumour necrosis factor-tg and K/BxN serum-induced models of polyarthritis, we examined the anti-inflammatory properties of oral administration of corticosterone in animals with global, myeloid and mesenchymal targeted transgenic deletion of 11β-HSD1. (bmj.com)
Results Global deletion of 11β-HSD1 resulted in a profound GC resistance in animals receiving corticosterone, characterised by persistent synovitis, joint destruction and inflammatory leucocyte infiltration. (bmj.com)

INCB13739 completely inhibits the production of intra-adipose and intra-hepatic cortisol by 11beta-HSD1, while maintaining normal systemic cortisol levels, which are essential for immune function and response to stress. (drugbank.ca)
It seemed that one answer would be a topical lotion that inhibits the A-2 receptor or blocks phosphodiesterase (1). (tim.blog)

Our findings suggest that GFJ and intense muscular work decrease 11β-HSD-2 activity independently, and no additive effect was noted. (scielo.br)
11α Hydroxyprogesterone, while devoid of androgenic, estrogenic and progestational activity, is weakly anti androgenic in castrate rats. (wikipedia.org)
11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is an important pharmaceutical compound with anti-androgenic and blood-pressure-regulating activity. (wikipedia.org)
11α-Hydroxyprogesterone can therefore influence blood pressure regulation.12 Furthermore, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone exhibits an anti-androgenic activity with minimal estrogenic and progestational side effects.13 This substance was also recently patented for its role in treating skin diseases, especially for psoriasis in combination with clobetasol propionate and minoxidil.14. (wikipedia.org)
The fat on women's thighs is more difficult to mobilize due to increased alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activity induced by estrogen. (tim.blog)

The possible roles of mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in cardiac fibrosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (curehunter.com)
It has also been suggested that angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) also participates in the aldosterone-induced rapid effects. (springermedizin.de)
and (2) critically address the controversial points within the literature as regarding which receptor participates in the rapid pathway display by aldosterone. (springermedizin.de)
The A-2 receptor, or alpha-2 andrenergic receptor, is the party spoiler when it comes to fat-loss in gender-specific problem areas. (tim.blog)

Production from 1995 to 2008 was extrapolated using the annual index of chemical production published by Chemical & Engineering News from 1989 to 2008 ( 73 , 74 ), with kilograms calculated from linear regression analysis of overlapping data from 1989 to 1994 ( r 2 = 0.948). (diabetesjournals.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Perinatal development and adult blood pressure. (1/205)

Structural analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in end-stage renal disease. (2/205)

Multiple aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivity. (3/205)

Aldosterone receptor antagonism normalizes vascular function in liquorice-induced hypertension. (4/205)

Expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes and corticosteroid hormone receptors in primary cultures of human trophoblast and placental bed biopsies. (5/205)

The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. (6/205)

Increased ACTH levels do not alter renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in the sheep. (7/205)

Course of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression during human gestation. (8/205)

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase

3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)

Hydrocortisone

Estradiol Dehydrogenases

Cortisone

Sulfotransferases

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Steroids

NAD

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases

Kinetics

Liver

Testosterone

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

Androsterone

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Tetrahydrocortisol

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Tetrahydrocortisone

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases

Carbenoxolone

Receptors, Mineralocorticoid

20-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

IMP Dehydrogenase

Glucocorticoids

Placenta

Citrus paradisi

Food-Drug Interactions

Hesperidin

Beverages

Citrus

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Complications

Pregnancy Outcome

Multilingualism

Pregnancy, Animal

Smoking

Language

Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Apparent

Mineralocorticoids

Glycyrrhetinic Acid

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone

Hydroxyprogesterones

Encyclopedias as Topic

Glycyrrhizic Acid

Perinatal development and adult blood pressure. (1/205)

Structural analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in end-stage renal disease. (2/205)

Multiple aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivity. (3/205)

Aldosterone receptor antagonism normalizes vascular function in liquorice-induced hypertension. (4/205)

Expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes and corticosteroid hormone receptors in primary cultures of human trophoblast and placental bed biopsies. (5/205)

The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. (6/205)

Increased ACTH levels do not alter renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in the sheep. (7/205)

Course of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression during human gestation. (8/205)

Phenotypic variability and origins of mutations in the gene encoding 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II. - The Christie...

Differential glucocorticoid metabolism in patients with persistent versus resolving inflammatory arthritis - SCNi

11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in mouse aorta - Localization and influence on response to glucocorticoids<...

KEE316Hu | ELISA kit for Homo sapiens (Human) 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 (HSD11b3) | Homo sapiens (Human) |...

Weight loss increases 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in human adipose tissue. - SCNi

RCSB PDB - 4FAL: Crystal structure of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 in complex with 3-((3,4...

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 deficiency prevents memory deficits with aging by switching from glucocorticoid...

Tissue-specific dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome |...

Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme

I2D - Interologous Interaction Database

17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 modulates breast cancer protein profile and impacts cell migration | Breast Cancer...

Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Impact of restriction of placental and fetal growth on expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid...

Sequence Similarity - 1JTV: Crystal structure of 17beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 complexed with...

Contribution of HSD17B12 for estradiol biosynthesis in human breast cancer - omicX

KEGG ORTHOLOGY: K13370

A definition of corticosteroid hormones - HealthyLifeInfo.com Wellness and Health Information

Drop 21 lbs in 21 days with this fat-eating enzyme - Upgraded Health

人HSD3a肽(ab50442)|Abcam中国

On-column ligand exchange for structure-based drug design: a case study with human 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1...

Regulation of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 by MicroRNA | Hypertension