1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MPTP Poisoning
A condition caused by the neurotoxin MPTP which causes selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical features include irreversible parkinsonian signs including rigidity and bradykinesia (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY). MPTP toxicity is also used as an animal model for the study of PARKINSON DISEASE. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1072; Neurology 1986 Feb;36(2):250-8)
Organic Cation Transport Proteins
Organic Cation Transporter 1
Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
Herbicides
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Neurotoxins
Dopamine Agents
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
Tetrabenazine
Mesencephalon
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.
Monoamine Oxidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)
Membrane Transport Proteins
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.
Cations
Substantia Nigra
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Neurons
PC12 Cells
Biological Transport
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Cell Death
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation mediates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism. (1/255)
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that causes parkinsonism in humans and nonhuman animals, and its use has led to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, its molecular targets have not been defined. We show that mice lacking the gene for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which catalyzes the attachment of ADP ribose units from NAD to nuclear proteins after DNA damage, are dramatically spared from MPTP neurotoxicity. MPTP potently activates PARP exclusively in vulnerable dopamine containing neurons of the substantia nigra. MPTP elicits a novel pattern of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins that completely depends on neuronally derived nitric oxide. Thus, NO, DNA damage, and PARP activation play a critical role in MPTP-induced parkinsonism and suggest that inhibitors of PARP may have protective benefit in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (+info)Comparison of the pharmacological properties of cloned rat, human, and bovine norepinephrine transporters. (2/255)
The aims of this study were to characterize the recently cloned rat norepinephrine transporter (NET) in more detail and in particular to study possible species differences in its pharmacological properties compared with the human and bovine NETs. The study was carried out by measuring the uptake of [(3)H]norepinephrine in COS-7 cells expressing the NET after transient transfection with rat, human, or bovine NET cDNA. There were small but significant differences between the rat NET and the human or bovine NETs with respect to the affinities of sodium ions (greater for rat than for bovine) of the substrates norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (greater for human than for rat), and of the inhibitor cocaine (greater for human and bovine than for rat), whereas the affinities of dopamine and of most inhibitors, including tricyclic antidepressants, showed no species differences. The fact that the affinities for some substrates, cocaine and sodium ions exhibited small but significant interspecies differences among the rat, human, and bovine NETs suggests that ligand recognition, the translocation process, and sodium ion dependence are influenced differentially by just a few amino acid exchanges in the primary sequences of the transporters. On the other hand, the lack of any major differences in the pharmacological properties of the rat, human, and bovine NETs in this study suggests that data obtained in previous studies on rat tissues and bovine cells can be extrapolated, in all except the most quantitative analyses, to the properties of the human NET. (+info)LLC-PK(1) cells stably expressing the human norepinephrine transporter: A functional model of carrier-mediated norepinephrine release in protracted myocardial ischemia. (3/255)
In myocardial ischemia, adrenergic terminals undergo ATP depletion, hypoxia, and intracellular pH reduction, causing the accumulation of axoplasmic norepinephrine (NE) and intracellular Na(+) [via the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE)]. This forces the reversal of the Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent NE transporter (NET), triggering massive carrier-mediated NE release and, thus, arrhythmias. We have now developed a cellular model of carrier-mediated NE release using an LLC-PK(1) cell line stably transfected with human NET cDNA (LLC-NET). LLC-NET cells transported [(3)H]NE and [(3)H]N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([(3)H]MPP(+)) in an inward direction. This uptake was abolished by the NET inhibitors desipramine (100 nM) and mazindol (300 nM) and by extracellular Na(+) removal. Na(+)-gradient reversal induced an efflux of (3)H-substrate from preloaded LLC-NET cells. Desipramine and mazindol blocked this efflux. Because of its greater intracellular stability and higher sensitivity to Na(+)-gradient reversal, [(3)H]MPP(+) proved preferable to [(3)H]NE as an NET substrate; therefore, only [(3)H]MPP(+) was used for subsequent studies. The K(+)/H(+) ionophore nigericin (10 microM) evoked a large efflux of [(3)H]MPP(+). This efflux was potentiated by the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor ouabain (100 microM), was sensitive to desipramine, and was blocked by the NHE inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA; 10 microM). In contrast, EIPA failed to inhibit the [(3)H]MPP(+) efflux elicited by the Na(+) ionophore gramicidin (10 microM). Furthermore, [(3)H]MPP(+) efflux induced by the NHE-stimulant proprionate (25 mM) was negatively modulated by imidazoline receptor activation. Our findings suggest that LLC-NET cells are a sensitive model for studying transductional processes of carrier-mediated NE release associated with myocardial ischemia. (+info)Ion dependence of carrier-mediated release in dopamine or norepinephrine transporter-transfected cells questions the hypothesis of facilitated exchange diffusion. (4/255)
The mechanism of release mediated by the human dopamine and norepinephrine transporter (DAT and NET, respectively) was studied by a superfusion technique in human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with the respective transporter cDNA and loaded with the metabolically inert substrate [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Release was induced by amphetamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine or by lowering the sodium or chloride concentration in the superfusion buffer (iso-osmotic replacement by lithium and isethionate, respectively). Efflux of [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium was analyzed at 30-s time resolution. In both transporters, release induced by the substrates amphetamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine followed the same time course as release induced by the removal of chloride and was faster than that caused by the removal of sodium. In the presence of low sodium (DAT: 10 mM; NET: 5 mM) none of the substrates was able to induce release from either type of cell, but adding back sodium to control conditions promptly restored the releasing action. In the presence of low chloride (DAT: 3 mM; NET: 2 mM), however, amphetamine as well as the catecholamines stimulated release from both types of cell. In contrast with the ion dependence of release observed in superfusion experiments, uptake initial rates of substrates at concentrations used in release experiments were the same or even higher at low sodium than at low chloride. The results indicate a decisive role of extracellular sodium for carrier-mediated release unrelated to the sodium-dependent uptake of the releasing substrate, and suggest a release mechanism different from simple exchange diffusion considering only the amines as substrates. (+info)1-Methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium is transformed by ubiquinone to the selective nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. (5/255)
We have studied the interaction of coenzyme Q with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolites, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium (MPDP(+)) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), the real neurotoxin to cause Parkinson's disease. Incubation of MPTP or MPDP(+) with rat brain synaptosomes induced complete reduction of endogenous ubiquinone-9 and ubiquinone-10 to corresponding ubiquinols. The reduction occurred in a time- and MPTP/MPDP(+) concentration-dependent manner. The reduction of ubiquinone induced by MPDP(+) went much faster than that by MPTP. MPTP did not reduce liposome-trapped ubiquinone-10, but MPDP(+) did. The real toxin MPP(+) did not reduce ubiquinone in either of the systems. The reduction by MPTP but not MPDP(+) was completely prevented by pargyline, a type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) inhibitor, in the synaptosomes. The results indicate that involvement of MAO-B is critical for the reduction of ubiquinone by MPTP but that MPDP(+) is a reductant of ubiquinone per se. It is suggested that ubiquinone could be an electron acceptor from MPDP(+) and promote the conversion from MPDP(+) to MPP(+) in vivo, thus accelerating the neurotoxicity of MPTP. (+info)The D-loop structure of human mtDNA is destabilized directly by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a parkinsonism-causing toxin. (6/255)
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine has been reported to cause parkinsonism via its neurotoxic form, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), which inhibits complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Its parkinsonism-causing mechanisms attract a great deal of interest as a model of the disease. Recently, we reported that MPP+ strongly decreases the amount of mtDNA independent of the inhibition of complex I. Maintenance of a proper amount of mtDNA is essential for the normal function of mitochondria as exemplified in many mitochondrial diseases. The most characteristic feature in vertebral mtDNA replication is that H-strand synthesis proceeds displacing the parental H-strand as a long single strand. It forms the D-loop, a triplex replication intermediate composed of the parental L-strand, nascent H-strand and displaced H-strand. Here we show that MPP+ does not inhibit DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase gamma, but rather releases the nascent H-strands from mtDNA both in organello and in vitro. This indicates that MPP+ directly destabilizes the D-loop structure, thereby inhibiting replication. This study raises a new mechanism, i.e. destabilization of replication intermediates, for depletion of mtDNA. (+info)Kinetic and selectivity differences between rodent, rabbit, and human organic cation transporters (OCT1). (7/255)
Organic cation transporters play an important role in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of clinical agents, toxic substances, and endogenous compounds. In kidney preparations, significant differences in functional characteristics of organic cation transport between various species have been reported. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these interspecies differences are not known. The goal of this study was to determine the kinetics and substrate selectivities of organic cation transporter (OCT1) homologs from mouse, rat, rabbit, and human that may contribute to interspecies differences in the renal and hepatic handling of organic cations. With a series of n-tetraalkylammonium (nTAA) compounds, a correlation between increasing alkyl chain length and affinity for the four OCT1 homologs was observed. However, the apparent affinity constants (K(i)) differed among the species homologs. For the mouse homolog mOCT1, apparent K(i) values ranged from 7 microM for tetrabutylammonium to 2000 microM for tetramethylammonium. In contrast, the human homolog hOCT1 exhibited weaker interactions with the nTAA compounds. Trans-stimulation studies and current measurements in voltage-clamped oocytes demonstrated that larger nTAA compounds were transported at greater rates in oocytes expressing hOCT1, whereas smaller nTAAs were transported at greater rates in oocytes expressing mOCT1 or rOCT1. The rabbit homolog rbOCT1 exhibited intermediate properties in its interactions with nTAAs compared with its rodent and human counterparts. This report demonstrates that the human OCT1 homolog has functional properties distinct from those of the rodent and rabbit OCT1 homologs. The study underscores potential difficulties in extrapolating data from preclinical studies in animal models to humans. (+info)Characterization of MPP+ secretion across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers: role of P-glycoprotein and a novel Na(+)-dependent organic cation transport mechanism. (8/255)
1. In the kidney, a number of transport proteins involved in the secretion of permanently charged organic cations have recently been cloned. To evaluate the possible similarities between intestine and kidney in the handling of organic cations we investigated the transport of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) across monolayers of intestinal Caco-2 cells. MPP+ is a prototypic substrate of the cloned organic cation transporters hOCT1 and hOCT2. 2. In Caco-2 cell monolayers, the basolateral to apical flux of MPP+ was significantly greater than the apical to basolateral flux, consistent with net secretion of MPP+. 3. Net secretion of MPP+ was abolished by addition of either 10 microM cyclosporin A or 100 microM verapamil to the apical membrane. In contrast, secretion of MPP+ was unaffected by addition of either TEA (2 mM) or decynium-22 (2 microM) to either apical or basolateral membranes. These results suggest that MPP+ secretion is mediated primarily by P-glycoprotein located at the apical membrane. We found no evidence of a role for hOCT1 or hOCT2 in the secretion of MPP+. 4. In addition to net secretion of MPP+, we found evidence of a Na(+)-dependent MPP+ uptake mechanism at the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells. 5. Na(+)-dependent MPP+ uptake was sensitive to inhibition by the organic cations; decynium-22 (2 microM), TEA (2 mM) and cimetidine (5 mM) but not by carnitine, guanidine or proline. 6. These results suggest that net secretion of MPP+ across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells is a function of the relative contributions of MPP+ secretion mediated by P-glycoprotein and MPP+ absorption mediated by a novel Na(+)-dependent transport mechanism. (+info)Involvement of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP formation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion...
Cell proliferation, tumorogenicity, and apoptosis sub-cluster 19
4-Phenylpyridine, 99%, ACROS Organics
| Fisher Scientific
The Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences
Karen OMalley, PhD
MPP2抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-MPP2抗体(ab97292)
methyl-3-5-6-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl-acrylate | VWR
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MPP+
The industrial synthesis of MPP+ for sale as the herbicide cyperquat used methyl chloride as the source of the methyl group. ... MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a ... Zhang Y, Zhou TY, Zhang KD, Dai JL, Zhu YY, Zhao X (June 2014). "Encapsulation enhanced dimerization of a series of 4-aryl-N- ... 18 (4): 409-14. doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.3241. PMID 25325362. Hassan MN, Thakar JN, Grimes JD (1987). "Cyperquat (MPP+), but not ...
Annonacin
doi:10.1385/1-59259-365-8:133 Lannuzel, A. and Michel, P. P. (2008). Atypical Parkinsonism in the French West Indies: The Plant ... 63 (4): 1053-1056. doi:10.1021/jf504500g. PMID 25594104. Potts, L. F.; Luzzio, F. A.; Smith, S. C.; Hetman, M; Champy, P; ... 33 (1): 53-8. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2011.10.009. PMID 22130466. Le Ven, J.; Schmitz-Afonso, I.; Touboul, D.; Buisson, D.; Akagah ... 88 (1): 63-69. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02138.x. PMID 14675150. S2CID 24056913. (Chemical articles with multiple compound ...
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Accessed 10:46PM, 4/13/07. www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/root/vumc.php?site=granner&doc=119 Burgess SC, He T, Yan Z, Lindner J, Sherry ... 98 (1): 77-91. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl096. PMC 2803547. PMID 16704997. Chen ZH, Walker RP, Técsi LI, Lea PJ, Leegood RC (May 2004 ... 1697 (1-2): 271-8. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.11.030. PMID 15023367. Trapani S, Linss J, Goldenberg S, Fischer H, Craievich AF, ... 59 (1): 105-13. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.02.020. PMC 3910155. PMID 23466304. Chakravarty K, Cassuto H, Reshef L, Hanson RW (2005 ...
Clandestine chemistry
Retrieved 4 November 2013. Kleiman, Mark A.R.; Hawdon, James E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Drug Policy. Thousand Oaks: Sage ... 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolite of MPTP, causes rapid onset of irreversible symptoms similar to Parkinson's ... ISBN 978-92-1-148277-5. Retrieved 9 January 2017. The National Drug Control Strategy: 2000 Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: ... 1 (4): 36-39. Retrieved 23 March 2018. "Club Drugs". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 9 January 2017. "Department of ...
William Langston
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Desmethylprodine
Structural analogs of desmethylprodine with different N-substituents than a methyl group on the piperidine have been ... 13 (4): 367-74. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90004-8. PMID 6148225. Davis GC, Williams AC, Markey SP, Ebert MH, Caine ED, Reichert ... Desmethylprodine or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine (MPPP, Ro 2-0718) is an opioid analgesic drug developed in the ... It was later found that his development of Parkinson's was due to a common impurity in the synthesis of MPPP called MPTP (1- ...
Secalonic acid
In all known secalonic acids, the methyl and methoxycarbonyl substituents are found to be trans to each other, and X-ray ... 713 (1-3): 58-67. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.029. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 23665112. Millot M, Tomasi S, Studzinska E, Rouaud I, ... 58 (1): 85-91. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.016. PMID 21073911. Zhai, Aifeng; Zhu, Xiaonan; Wang, Xuelan; Chen, Ruzhu; Wang, ... The 2-2'linked secalonic acid A isomerizes in DMSO at room temperature to the 2-4'linked secalonic acid A and 4-4'linked ...
Competitive inhibition
In the simplest case of a single-substrate enzyme obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the typical scheme E + S ⇌ k − 1 k 1 ES → ... Cells in the central nervous system (astrocytes) include MAO-B that oxidizes MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which ... After an accidental ingestion of a contaminated opioid drug desmethylprodine, the neurotoxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, ... Competitive substrates, such as 4-substituted benzaldehydes for mushrooms, compete with the substrate lowering the amount of ...
MPTP
"1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine". ChemIDplus. Frim, D. M.; Uhler, T. A.; Galpern, W. R.; Beal, M. F.; Breakefield ... MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a prodrug to the neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of ... 1 (3): 249-254. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(79)90006-4. PMID 298352. S2CID 44304872. "Success reported using fetal tissue to repair a ... 2 (1): 141-151. doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.342. PMID 17401348. S2CID 39743261. "Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease - A Critical ...
Decynium-22
84 (1): 43-52. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01566.x. PMID 12485400. Stiel H, Daehne S, Teuchner K. J-aggregates of ... Decynium-22 has been shown to block the uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) via the OCT3 transporter in ... Dynamics of formation of 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide J-aggregates in solution. J Physical Chem A. 2000;104:9670-9674. ... 2010). "Membrane potential and pH-dependent accumulation of decynium-22 (1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide) fluorescence through ...
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Table 1 represents a summary of the PD animal models and details regarding their mechanisms of action, pathogenesis, and ... ISBN 978-1-259-64115-2. Hatcher, Jaime M.; Pennell, Kurt D.; Miller, Gary W. (June 2008). "Parkinson's disease and pesticides: ... Braak staging is a widely used method to measure the stage of pathology (stage 1 being the lowest level of pathology and stage ... Protein Deglycase (DJ-1) mutations are associated with recessive forms of familial parkinsonism. It is a molecular chaperone ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... methyl ester MeSH D03.383.725.210 - dimethindene MeSH D03.383.725.220 - 2,2'-dipyridyl MeSH D03.383.725.227 - disopyramide MeSH ... methyl ester MeSH D03.383.725.547.950 - xanthinol niacinate MeSH D03.383.725.565 - nicotinyl alcohol MeSH D03.383.725.592 - ... 5-tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol MeSH D03.438.079.800 - 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl- ... alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid MeSH D03.383.129.385.162 - cycloserine MeSH D03.383.129.385.231 - ...
GOT2
27 (4): 1064-74. doi:10.1002/hep.510270423. PMID 9537447. S2CID 11899686. Yang H, Zhou L, Shi Q, Zhao Y, Lin H, Zhang M, Zhao S ... 22 (1-6): 190-4. doi:10.1159/000130933. PMID 752471. Pol S, Bousquet-Lemercier B, Pavé-Preux M, Bulle F, Passage E, Hanoune J, ... 832 (1): 46-51. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(85)90172-4. PMID 4052435. Davidson RG, Cortner JA, Rattazzi MC, Ruddle FH, Lubs HA (Jul ... 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano ...
Phenethylamine
Phenylethylamine (10), amphetamine [AMPH (11 & 12)], methylenedioxy methamphetamine [METH (13)] and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ... 16 (1): 9-18. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(77)83004-5. Lynnes T, Horne SM, Prüß BM (2014). "ß-Phenylethylamine as a novel nutrient ... 2015 Oct; 34: 1-7. Published online 2015 Jan 20. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.001 Broadley KJ (March 2010). "The vascular ... 96 (1): 165-71. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.06.030. PMID 23896151. Acetoacetic acid (AAA) and ß-phenylethylamine (PEA) performed ...
Vesicular monoamine transporter
Phenylethylamine Amphetamine MDMA N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (very potent inhibitors of VMAT2 mediated serotonin ... 31 (4): 483-19. doi:10.1002/med.20187. PMC 3019297. PMID 20135628. Liu Y, Peter D, Rogahani A, Schuldiner S, Prive GG, ... 31 (4): 483-519. doi:10.1002/med.20187. PMC 3019297. PMID 20135628. Henry J. P.; Botton D.; et al. (1994). "Biochemistry and ... 1216 (1): 86-98. Bibcode:2011NYASA1216...86E. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x. PMC 4183197. PMID 21272013. VMAT2 is the ...
Loperamide
Kalgutkar AS, Nguyen HT (September 2004). "Identification of an N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-like metabolite of the ... Guarino B (4 May 2016). "Abuse of diarrhea medicine you know well is alarming physicians". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 May ... 69 (1): 83-86. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.03.047. PMID 27140747. Mukarram O, Hindi Y, Catalasan G, Ward J (2016). " ... ISBN 978-92-1-130230-1. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. US patent 5612054, Jeffrey L. Garwin, "Pharmaceutical ...
Distinct Effects of Rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 6-hydroxydopamine on Cellular Bioenergetics and Cell Death
For example, rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its active metabolite 1-methyl-4- ... phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), have been shown to induce dopaminergic cell death in vivo and in vitro ... Distinct Effects of Rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 6-hydroxydopamine on Cellular Bioenergetics and Cell Death ...
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium QuickView - Correlation Engine
Functional characterization of mouse cation transporter mOCT2 compared with mOCT1
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([(3)H]MPP(+)) by Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with mOCT1 (Slc22a1) or mOCT2 (Slc22a2) cRNA was ... Mari Kakehi 1 , Noriko Koyabu, Takanori Nakamura, Takeshi Uchiumi, Michihiko Kuwano, Hisakazu Ohtani, Yasufumi Sawada ... 1 Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, ... 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([(3)H]MPP(+)) by Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with mOCT1 (Slc22a1) or mOCT2 (Slc22a2) cRNA was ...
Tle6 (TLE family member 6, subcortical maternal complex member) - Rat Genome Database
Preimplantation Embryonic Lethality 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN cell cortex (ortholog); cytoplasm (ortholog); nucleus (ortholog); ... N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium increases expression. EXP. 6480464. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium results in increased expression of ... Orthologs 1. Homo sapiens (human):. TLE6 (TLE family member 6, subcortical maternal complex member). HGNC. EggNOG, Ensembl, ... 1. 27829089. Rat. 7411566. Bw136. Body weight QTL 136. 10.4. 0.001. body mass (VT:0001259). body weight gain (CMO:0000420). 7. ...
Functional Characterization of an Organic Cation Transporter (hOCT1) in a Transiently Transfected Human Cell Line (HeLa) |...
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. NMN. N1-methylnicotinamide. PAH. p-aminohippuric acid. dopa. 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. PBS. ... The IC50 was estimated by a sigmoidal inhibition model and was fit to the equationV = V0/(1 + (I/IC50)n) by nonlinear ... 4). The endogenous uptake of cimetidine was moderate (6.84 vs. 2.12 pmol/mg protein/μM for cimetidine vs. TEA uptake at 30 min ... The final mixture (1 ml) was applied to each well after rinsing the cells with the Opti-MEM media once. The cells were exposed ...
Parkinson Disease: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
... affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years and causing progressive disability that can be slowed, but not ... 3, 4] Exposure to the weed killer paraquat or to the fungicides maneb or mancozeb is particularly toxic, increasing the risk ... 3, 4] Increased PD risk was also associated with proxy conditions of exposure to organic pollutants, such as farming, well- ... MPTP crosses the blood-brain barrier and is oxidized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B. [6] ...
JCI -
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation
In DA neurons, a battery of enzymes, including monoamine oxidases, ALDHs, and catechol-O-methyl transferases, are used to ... Guoxiang Liu,1 Jia Yu,1 Jinhui Ding,2 Chengsong Xie,1 Lixin Sun,1 Iakov Rudenko,1 Wang Zheng,1 Namratha Sastry,1 Jing Luo,3 Gay ... 6-methyl-2-phenylazo-3-pyridinol (SIB1757) (26), also significantly improved the survival of TH-positive neurons in A53T ... We found that Aldh1a1+/+ and Aldh1a1-/- midbrain DA neurons showed no difference in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium+- (MPP+-), ...
Antioxidants | Free Full-Text | Abnormalities of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases
1), 153-159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. *Kann, O.; Kovacs, R. Mitochondria and neuronal activity. Am. J. Physiol. ... 1. Introduction. Mitochondria are organelles that can be found in most eukaryotic cells and are required for a wide range of ... Figure 1. Schematic depiction of mitochondrial dynamics in mammalian cells. (A) Cytosolic Drp1 is recruited to the ... Figure 1. Schematic depiction of mitochondrial dynamics in mammalian cells. (A) Cytosolic Drp1 is recruited to the ...
Activation of transcription factor MEF2D by bis(3)-cognitin protects dopaminergic neurons and ameliorates Parkinsonian motor...
Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction |...
Anthony J. Atala ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8186-21601 Show authors. Scientific Reports volume 10, Article number: 9766 (2020) ... Figure 4. Cytokine production and the effect of exogenous cytokines. In A and B, two groups of 50 organoids each were pooled ... Figure 1. Hypoxia induced permeability and cell death. (A) Zo-1 staining around the organoid showing complete BBB coverage ... Zona occludin 1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression were increased under hypoxic (480 pg/ml and 1.7 ng/ml) compared to normoxic ...
Parkinson Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Therapy, Early Disease, Symptomatic Therapy,...
... affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years and causing progressive disability that can be slowed, but not ... It is recommended to begin therapy with a single 1-mg dose. Dosage can be titrated by 1 mg each week or so, until a total of 4- ... Stated another way, in a delayed-start design, half of the subjects in the study take the trial drug from day 1 and the other ... 75] Over 18 months, rasagiline 1 mg/day started early resulted in less worsening in mean total UPDRS score than when it was ...
Plus it
4A) (note: KO cells are a bit more sensitive to H2O2) or glutamate (data not shown), and displayed no enhancement of β(III)- ... n = 4; *p , 0.05). B, ad-GFP- and ad-Nrf2-GFP (50 MOI)-infected cultures were observed for ARE activation in primary cultures ... Figure 4. In Nrf2 KO cultures, in which the effect of tBHQ on ARE activity is lost, neuronal protection is abrogated. A, ... 1A) and sulforaphane (B) induced a dramatic, dose-dependent increase in hPAP activity. The mRNA levels for ARE-driven hPAP, ...
Compound Derived From Turmeric Essential Oil Has Neuroprotective Properties - Neuroscience News
The aims of the present study are (1) to investigate whether naturally occurring S-enantiomer of ar-turmerone (S-Tur) protects ... They used the BV2 microglial cell line and midbrain slice cultures to 1) determine if ar-turmerone suppresses dopaminergic ... Additionally, two analogs more potently inhibited dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4- ... phenylpyridinium, than S-Tur. Taken together, we identified two ar-turmerone analogs that directly and potently protected ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Neurotoxins; Methyl-compounds; Laboratory-animals; Laboratory-testing; Chemical-structure; Neurological-reactions; Neurological ... 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a pro-neurotoxicant that must be metabolized to 1-methyl-4- ... phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and taken up into striatal dopaminergic neurons to produce neurodegeneration. Recently, we showed wide ...
Functional Crosstalk between CB and TRPV1 Receptors Protects Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in the MPTP Model of Parkinson...
RT-PCR analysis shows the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1,i,β,/i,, and tumor necrosis ... could contribute to the survival of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ... MAC-1) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry, respectively. ... Figure 1(c); ) and a reduction of the density of TH+ fibers in the striatum (Figure 3(b); ) compared to the MPTP- and CAP- ...
PGK1 inhibitor CBR-470-1 protects neuronal cells from MPP+ | Aging
CBR-470-1 neuroprotection is dependent upon Nrf2, as Nrf2 shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Nrf2 knockout, abolished CBR-470-1- ... Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with CBR-470-1, an inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), leads to ... In Keap1 or PGK1 knockout SH-SY5Y cells,CBR-470-1 failed to offer further cytoprotection against MPP+. Collectively PGK1 ... Consistent with these findings, PGK1 depletion or knockout mimicked CBR-470-1-induced actions and rendered SH-SY5Y cells ...
Niraparib: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
1. 4. Not Yet Recruiting. Treatment. Advanced Ovarian Cancer / Epithelial Ovarian Cancer / Ovarian Cancer / Stage III Ovarian ... 1038915-60-4. InChI Key. PCHKPVIQAHNQLW-CQSZACIVSA-N. InChI. InChI=1S/C19H20N4O/c20-19(24)17-5-1-3-15-12-23(22-18(15)17)16-8-6- ... Selectivity towards PARP-1 and PARP-2 is 100-fold higher than for other PARP family members.2 Niraparib-induced cytotoxicity ... 1. 4. Recruiting. Prevention. Adult Patients With Platinum-sensitive, Relapsed, High Grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. 1 ...
Qili Qiangxin, a compound herbal medicine formula, alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death...
1]. Hong-xiao Li, Ling Shi, Shang-jie Liang Chen-chen Fang, Qian-qian Xu, Ge Lu, Qian Wang, Jie Cheng, Jie Shen, Mei-hong Shen ... Cai-lian Fana, 1, Wan-jun Caib, 1, Meng-nan Yeb, Miao Chenb, Yi Daib. ... Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 31 [7]. Yi-ting He, Qing-lin Zha, Jian-ping Yu, Yong Tan, Cheng Lu, Ai- ... Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2008, 6(1): 107-110 [3]. Jin-zhou Tian, Jing Shi, Xin-qing Zhang, Qi Bi, Xin Ma, Zhi- ...
Find Research outputs - Taipei Medical University
Chen, S-Y., Hsu, H. L., Lin, J. J., 余明治(Ming-Chi Y, 江玲玲(Ling-Ling C & 李俊年(Chun-Nie L, 2010, In: 呼吸治療. 9, 1, p. 1-12 12 p.. ... Hou, Y. C., Lu, C. L., Zheng, C. M., Liu, W. C., Yen, T. H., Chen, R. M., Lin, Y. F., Chao, C. T. & Lu, K. C., Apr 1 2020, In: ... Chen, M., Huang, Y. C., Ko, I. L., Yang, S., Chang, Y. H., Huang, W. J. S. & Chen, Y. M. A., Sep 1 2009, In: Urology. 74, 3, p ... Chen, W. C., Chou, W. H., Chu, H. W., Huang, C. C., Liu, X., Chang, W. P., Chou, Y. H. & Chang, W. C., Dec 1 2019, In: ...
KOPS.Search
Identification and functional characterization of a new human kidney-specific H<sup>+</sup>/organic cation antiporter, kidney...
Y1 - 2006/8/1. N2 - A cDNA coding a new H+/organic cation antiporter, human kidney-specific multidrug and toxin extrusion 2 ( ... hMATE2-K also transported cimetidine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), procainamide, metformin, and N 1-methylnicotinamide. ... hMATE2-K also transported cimetidine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), procainamide, metformin, and N 1-methylnicotinamide. ... hMATE2-K also transported cimetidine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), procainamide, metformin, and N 1-methylnicotinamide. ...
DeCS
N Methyl 4 phenylpyridine N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ... N Methyl 4 phenylpyridine. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. ... 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium - Preferred Concept UI. M0023993. Scope note. An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL- ... 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Entry term(s). 1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridine 1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium 1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium ...
Occupational pesticide exposure and the risk of death in patients with Parkinson's disease: an observational study in Southern...
2019: 1-6.. [14]. Caballero M, Amiri S, Denney JT, Monsivais P, Hystad P, Amram O. Estimated Residential Exposure to ... 4]. Kaur K, Kaur R. Occupational Pesticide Exposure, Impaired DNA Repair, and Diseases. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2018 22: 74 ... 1]. Ball N, Teo WP, Chandra S, Chapman J. Parkinsons Disease and the Environment. Front Neurol. 2019 10: 218. ... 2010 20 Suppl 1: S221-238.. [31]. Hu G, Bidel S, Jousilahti P, Antikainen R, Tuomilehto J. Coffee and tea consumption and the ...
Browsing Chemistry and Biochemistry by Title
A study of the elimination of water from lithium-cationized tripeptide methyl esters by means of tandem mass spectrometry and ... A study on the mechanism of the Parkinsonian-causing drug 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) Samms, Warren C.; Perera, Rohan ... Substituted 3-oxo-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides: a new class of potential mechanism-based inhibitors of human leukocyte ... A series of substituted 3-oxo-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides has been synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activity ...
Bio2Vec
Neurotoxinas/toxicidade
Syb-prII-1 is a ß-type scorpion neurotoxin isolated from the scorpion venom of Buthus martensi Karsch (BmK). It has an ... After Syb-prII-1 was given, the phosphorylation level of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway showed a dose- ... Moreover, Syb-prII-1(4.0 mg/kg) could significantly change the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of Nav1.8. The ... A 2 1/2-day interactive system dynamics workshop involving experts across multiple disciplines was convened to develop the ...
DeCS 2013 - December 17, 2013 version
2-Oxoisovalerate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) use 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) 2-PAM Compounds use ... 1,2-Benzoquinones use Benzoquinones 1,2-Cyclic-Inositol-Phosphate Phosphodiesterase use Glycerophosphoinositol ... 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine Acyltransferase use 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O- ... 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl) ...
NeurotoxinOxidativeMetaboliteNeurotoxinsNitric oxide syCationChlorideToxicGlial fibrillTumorDopaminergicMPTPEnzymeParkinsonInhibitorGenes1998ExposureCellsTyrosine hydroxylaseSkeletal muscleInhibits1987SelectiveSusceptibilityMotor dysfunctionParkinson'sMouseSymptomsWorsenAcidNeurotoxicityEffectsAnimal modelsReleaseResponseMedicinePatients
Neurotoxin3
- The neurotoxin MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) disrupts mitochondrial function leading to oxidative stress and neuronal death. (aging-us.com)
- Paraquat, a herbicide with molecular similarities to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)), is among the earliest and most well studied pesticides linked to an increased risk of developing PD. (researchsquare.com)
- MPTP (1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine ) is a neurotoxin that causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by killing certain neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. (chemeurope.com)
Oxidative7
- 1985. Spin-trapping of methyl radical in the oxidative metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. (cdc.gov)
- Pretreatment with CBR-470-1 potently attenuated MPP + -induced oxidative injury and SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. (aging-us.com)
- Paraoxonase (PON)-1 Activity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: Association with Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. (researchgate.net)
- Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are major events that occur during neuronal death that causes PD [ 4,5 ]. (avensonline.org)
- Herein, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of diapocynin, an oxidative metabolite of the naturally occurring agent apocynin, in a pre-clinical 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. (springer.com)
- Nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons as well as oxidative markers 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and striatal dopamine levels were quantified for assessment of the neuroprotective efficacy of diapocynin. (springer.com)
- Notably, diapocynin markedly inhibited MPTP-induced oxidative markers including 3-NT and 4-HNE levels in the SN. (springer.com)
Metabolite1
- Exposure to the chemical 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can lead to the presence of its toxic metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), in the brain, which induces a selective destruction of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and the occurance of Parkinson's disease. (ntu.edu.tw)
Neurotoxins1
- Fuchs e, or downloading a drug, kahn da neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion, which cookies to pay without physician if you. (blazingquarters.com)
Nitric oxide sy2
- RT-PCR analysis shows the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1 β , and tumor necrosis factor- α in microglia in the SN in vivo, indicating the activation of the inflammatory system. (hindawi.com)
- Neuroinflammatory markers, such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), gp91phox and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were measured in the nigrostriatal system. (springer.com)
Cation3
- We characterized the function of mouse organic cation transporter OCT2 (TC 2.A.19.1.5) in comparison with that of OCT1 (TC 2.A.19.1.1). (nih.gov)
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), a polymodal and nonselective cation channel, is activated by a number of endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including natural vanilloids (capsaicin and resiniferatoxin), heat, acids, and endocannabinoids such as anandamide (AEA) [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Once inside the brain, MPTP is metabolized into the toxic cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by the enzyme MAO-B of glial cells. (chemeurope.com)
Chloride1
- ClC-1 is a member of a large family of voltage-gated chloride channels, abundantly expressed in human skeletal muscle. (inforang.com)
Toxic1
- In this study, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to produce the proposed sensitization and precipitating stages and determine if curcumin can ameliorate the toxic changes. (avensonline.org)
Glial fibrill1
- MPTP induced a significant loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and glial activation in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) as visualized by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or macrophage antigen complex-1 (MAC-1) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry, respectively. (hindawi.com)
Tumor1
- TLR4 signaling mediated by the linker MyD88 activates the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), thereby inducing gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and IL-1β ( Foley, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dopaminergic4
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a pro-neurotoxicant that must be metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and taken up into striatal dopaminergic neurons to produce neurodegeneration. (cdc.gov)
- In addition to preferentially damaging dopaminergic neurons, these agents share several common mechanisms of action including increasing neuronal oxidating stress, damaging mitochondrial complex I, and impairing the ubiquitin-proteasome system [3, 4]. (researchsquare.com)
- MPP+ has affinity for the catecholamine uptake system, is taken up preferentially into dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in the substantia nigra zona compacta, where it inhibits complex-1 of the electron transport chain. (avensonline.org)
- Neuronal PC12 cells and ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons were assessed in vitro for survival, transcription factor levels and Trib3 or Parkin expression after exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with or without adaptaquin co-treatment. (puppyreading.com)
MPTP3
- The present study examined whether crosstalk between cannabinoid (CB) and transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) could contribute to the survival of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). (hindawi.com)
- Many experimental studies demonstrated that TRPV1 activation by capsaicin (CAP) prevents the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP + -) or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP-) or 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA-) lesioned rodent model of PD via inhibiting glial-derived inflammatory responses and producing ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) [ 11 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Note: however that MPTP serves as a protoxin, via it metabolism by monoamine axidase B (MAO-B) to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). (avensonline.org)
Enzyme1
- Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with CBR-470-1, an inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), leads to methylglyoxal modification of Keap1, Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, and increased expression of Nrf2 responsive genes. (aging-us.com)
Parkinson2
- Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years and causing progressive disability that can be slowed, but not halted, by treatment. (medscape.com)
- Parkinson disease is recognized as one of the most common neurologic disorders, affecting approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years. (medscape.com)
Inhibitor3
- Niraparib is a potent and selective inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, PARP-1 and PARP-2. (drugbank.com)
- 3,5-dibenzoyl-4-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine (DP7): a new multidrug resistance inhibitor devoid of effects on Langendorff-perfused rat heart. (unisi.it)
- This study was designed to assess the effect of hypoxia on AhR transcriptional KU-55933 DNA Damage/DNA Repair inhibitor responses after exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). (mirnamimics.com)
Genes2
- 1 However, some cells can have defective or deficient HR resulting from specific mutations in DNA repair genes, such as BRCA1 and 2. (drugbank.com)
- Although several genes have been implicated as monogenic causes of the disease, these genetic mutations are only responsible for approximately 10% of cases [1]. (researchsquare.com)
19981
- Biochem Soc Trans (1998) 26 (4): 614-620. (silverchair.com)
Exposure1
- The remaining 90% of the cases are idiopathic, and different environmental exposures have been implicated as either protective factors (such as tobacco smoking and caffeine intake) or risk factors (such as heavy metals and pesticides exposure) [1]. (researchsquare.com)
Cells7
- 14 C-TEA uptake in hOCT1 plasmid DNA-transfected HeLa cells was trans -stimulated by unlabeled TEA and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium. (aspetjournals.org)
- 1991. Control of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced crypt hyperplasia by naturalkiller cells and its relevance to carcinogenics. (cdc.gov)
- Consistent with these findings, PGK1 depletion or knockout mimicked CBR-470-1-induced actions and rendered SH-SY5Y cells resistant to MPP + -induced cytotoxicity. (aging-us.com)
- Collectively PGK1 inhibition by CBR-470-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from MPP + via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 cascade. (aging-us.com)
- 4 If BER is impaired, SSBs accumulate and become DSBs, forcing cells to rely on other repair pathways, mainly the homologous recombination (HR) and the nonhomologous end joining, to repair DNA damages. (drugbank.com)
- Uptake and superfusion experiments were performed on human embryonic kidney 293 cells permanently expressing the hSERT using [(3)H]serotonin (5-HT) and [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) as substrates. (neurotransmitter.net)
- The objective of this study was to define the relative contributions of alveolar overdistension and cyclic recruitment and "collapse" of Fer-1 manufacturer unstable lung units to membrane wounding of alveolar epithelial cells. (mirnamimics.com)
Tyrosine hydroxylase1
- This results in extrapyramidal motor dysfunction, including tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia [ 1 ] and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the production and storage of dopamine (DA) in the striatum [ 2,3 ]. (avensonline.org)
Skeletal muscle2
- 3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (DTBHA) activation of rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. (unisi.it)
- Mutations in ClC-1 are associated with myotonia congenita (MC) and result in loss of regulation of membrane excitability in skeletal muscle. (inforang.com)
Inhibits1
- 2,5-Di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) inhibits vascular L-type Ca2+ channel via superoxide anion generation. (unisi.it)
19871
- 1987. The influence of physical activity in 1 ,2dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. (cdc.gov)
Selective1
- 6 Niraparib is selective towards PARP-1 and PARP-2. (drugbank.com)
Susceptibility1
- Strain susceptibility and resistance to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced enteric tumors in germfree rats (40146). (cdc.gov)
Motor dysfunction1
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and dopamine deficiency in the striatum (STR), consequently resulting in motor dysfunction [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Parkinson's1
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, estimated to affect 1% of the population over 65 years of age. (springer.com)
Mouse1
- Re-evaluation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay: Observation of a positive response. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms2
- 4 If this strategy does not improve psychosis symptoms, physicians should consider use of cholinesterase inhibitors (eg, rivastigmine 6-12 mg/2-3 days, donepezil 5-10 mg daily, or galantamine 4-32 mg/2-3 days) or antipsychotic medication (clozapine 12.5-62.5 mg daily or quetiapine 12.5-75 mg daily). (neurologylive.com)
- It is a chronic and progressive disease characterized predominantly by resting tremors, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural instability, along with several non-motor symptoms [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
Worsen1
- 4 Risperidone has also been shown to worsen motor function and thus is not recommended for PDP. (neurologylive.com)
Acid1
- Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound that is an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid. (frontiersin.org)
Neurotoxicity1
- In Part 1 of this report, we review data on the effects of estrogen (E), the anti-E tamoxifen (TMX), and testosterone (T) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity in female and male CD-1 mice. (omeka.net)
Effects2
- 3,5-Dibenzoyl-4-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine (DP7) as a new multidrug resistance reverting agent devoid of effects on vascular smooth muscle contractility. (unisi.it)
- In addition, we found that the combined berberine and curcumin treatment had significant synergic effects on reducing soluble amyloid-β-peptide(1-42) production. (puppyreading.com)
Animal models1
- In both culture and animal models, adaptaquin suppressed elevation of ATF4 and/or CHOP and induction of Trib3 in response to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and/or 6-hydroxydopamine. (puppyreading.com)
Release2
- Antagonism by taurine on the ruthenium red-induced and 6-hydroxydopamine plus 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Ca2+ release from rat liver mitochondria. (unisi.it)
- Concentrations and in vitro release of norepinephrine were determined from left and right olfactory bulbs of adult male CD-1 mice. (omeka.net)
Response1
- 1988. Species-specific response to the rodent carcinogens 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in rodent bone-marrow micronucleus assays. (cdc.gov)
Medicine2
- Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 365-375. (jcimjournal.com)
- Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(1): 65-72. (jcimjournal.com)
Patients1
- 1 PDP has been reported to affect up to 60% of patients over their lifetime, and this risk increases with age and larger doses of DA medications. (neurologylive.com)