1 carboxyglutamic acid. Medical search

Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.

A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.

Activated form of factor IX. This activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway by the action of factor XIa and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor VIIa, thromboplastin, and calcium. Factor IXa serves to activate factor X to Xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor X.

Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor X, sometimes called Stuart-Prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder.

Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.

A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.

Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)

Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon the stability of the material after pretreatment, rather than regeneration by host cell ingrowth. Durability is achieved 1, mechanically by the interposition of a cloth, usually polytetrafluoroethylene, between the host and the graft, and 2, chemically by stabilization of the tissue by intermolecular linking, usually with glutaraldehyde, after removal of antigenic components, or the use of reconstituted and restructured biopolymers.

A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material.

The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).

A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.

Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.

An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.

Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.

Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.

VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)

A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.

A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.

Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.

A principality in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Its capital is also called Andorra. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p50)

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)

A preparation consisting of PLATELETS concentrated in a limited volume of PLASMA. This is used in various surgical tissue regeneration procedures where the GROWTH FACTORS in the platelets enhance wound healing and regeneration.

A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.

Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.

A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

Undercarboxylation of recombinant prothrombin revealed by analysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence. (1/185)

The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) content of several variants of human prothrombin has been measured by using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). Both plasma-derived prothrombin and recombinant prothrombin contain ten residues of Gla per molecule of protein. In contrast, a variant of human prothrombin (containing the second kringle domain of bovine prothrombin) was separated into two populations that differed in their Gla content. Direct measurement of the Gla content showed an association with the presence or absence of the calcium-dependent conformational change that is required for prothombinase function. Thus, the CE-LIF assay is useful in determining the carboxylation status of recombinant proteins. (+info)

A conotoxin from Conus textile with unusual posttranslational modifications reduces presynaptic Ca2+ influx. (2/185)

Cone snails are gastropod mollusks of the genus Conus that live in tropical marine habitats. They are predators that paralyze their prey by injection of venom containing a plethora of small, conformationally constrained peptides (conotoxins). We report the identification, characterization, and structure of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptide, conotoxin epsilon-TxIX, isolated from the venom of the molluscivorous cone snail, Conus textile. The disulfide bonding pattern of the four cysteine residues, an unparalleled degree of posttranslational processing including bromination, hydroxylation, and glycosylation define a family of conotoxins that may target presynaptic Ca2+ channels or act on G protein-coupled presynaptic receptors via another mechanism. This conotoxin selectively reduces neurotransmitter release at an Aplysia cholinergic synapse by reducing the presynaptic influx of Ca2+ in a slow and reversible fashion. The three-dimensional structure, determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy, identifies an electronegative patch created by the side chains of two gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues that extend outward from a cavernous cleft. The glycosylated threonine and hydroxylated proline enclose a localized hydrophobic region centered on the brominated tryptophan residue within the constrained intercysteine region. (+info)

Calcium binding mode of gamma-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins. (3/185)

Conantokin-T (con-T) and conantokin-G (con-G) are two highly homologous peptide toxins found in Conus venom. The former is a 21-residue peptide with four gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues (at positions 3, 4, 10 and 14), while the latter is a 17-residue peptide with five gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (at positions 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). Despite the apparent similarity in number and relative positions of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, (113)Cd-NMR studies indicated a distinct metal binding behavior for con-G and con-T. There appears to be four binding sites in con-G in contrast to one metal binding site in con-T. To elucidate the mode of calcium binding by the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in these conantokins, we designed various analogous peptides with their gamma-carboxyglutamic acid replaced by other amino acid residues. (113)Cd-NMR experiments on conantokin analogues reveal that the major difference in the number of metal binding sites between con-G and con-T is due to the residue at position 7. We also performed molecular simulations to calculate the relative binding free energies of several potential binding sites. Based on our theoretical and experimental results, we propose a 'four-site' binding model for conantokin-G and a 'single-site' binding model for conantokin-T. (+info)

Expression of the gene encoding the matrix gla protein by mature osteoblasts in human fracture non-unions. (4/185)

BACKGROUND: Osteoblast phenotypic abnormality, namely the expression of collagen type III, has been shown previously in fracture non-union woven bone. AIMS: To investigate osteoblasts from fracture non-unions for evidence of gene expression of non-collagenous bone matrix proteins that have been implicated in mineralisation, namely matrix gla protein (MGP), osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. MGP is a consistent component of bone matrix, but there are no reports of osteoblasts in the skeleton expressing the gene for MGP, and the site of synthesis of skeletal MGP (perhaps the liver) has yet to be determined. METHODS: Biopsies from normally healing human fractures and non-unions were examined by means of in situ hybridisation, using 35S labelled probes and autoradiography to disclose levels of gene expression. RESULTS: In normally healing fractures, mature osteoblasts on woven bone were negative for MGP mRNA, but positive for osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA molecules. In non-unions, osteoblasts displayed a novel phenotype: they were positive for MGP mRNA, in addition to osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA molecules. CONCLUSIONS: Mature osteoblasts in slowly healing fractures have an unusual phenotype: they express the gene encoding MGP, which indicates that control of osteoblast gene expression in non-unions is likely to be abnormal. This might be of importance in the pathogenesis of non-uniting human fractures, and is of current interest given the emerging status of MGP as an inhibitor of mineralisation. (+info)

Matrix GLA protein is a developmental regulator of chondrocyte mineralization and, when constitutively expressed, blocks endochondral and intramembranous ossification in the limb. (5/185)

Matrix GLA protein (MGP), a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-rich, vitamin K-dependent and apatite-binding protein, is a regulator of hypertrophic cartilage mineralization during development. However, MGP is produced by both hypertrophic and immature chondrocytes, suggesting that MGP's role in mineralization is cell stage-dependent, and that MGP may have other roles in immature cells. It is also unclear whether MGP regulates the quantity of mineral or mineral nature and quality as well. To address these issues, we determined the effects of manipulations of MGP synthesis and expression in (a) immature and hypertrophic chondrocyte cultures and (b) the chick limb bud in vivo. The two chondrocyte cultures displayed comparable levels of MGP gene expression. Yet, treatment with warfarin, a gamma-carboxylase inhibitor and vitamin K antagonist, triggered mineralization in hypertrophic but not immature cultures. Warfarin effects on mineralization were highly selective, were accompanied by no appreciable changes in MGP expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, or cell number, and were counteracted by vitamin K cotreatment. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray microanalysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that mineral forming in control and warfarin-treated hypertrophic cell cultures was similar and represented stoichiometric apatite. Virally driven MGP overexpression in cultured chondrocytes greatly decreased mineralization. Surprisingly, MGP overexpression in the developing limb not only inhibited cartilage mineralization, but also delayed chondrocyte maturation and blocked endochondral ossification and formation of a diaphyseal intramembranous bone collar. The results show that MGP is a powerful but developmentally regulated inhibitor of cartilage mineralization, controls mineral quantity but not type, and appears to have a previously unsuspected role in regulating chondrocyte maturation and ossification processes. (+info)

Identification of organic phosphorus covalently bound to collagen and non-collagenous proteins of chicken-bone matrix. The presence of O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine in non-collagenous proteins, and their absence from phosporylated collagen. (6/185)

Non-collagenous phosphoproteins, almost all of which can be extracted in EDTA at neutral pH in the presence of proteinase inhibitors, are identified in the matrix of chicken bone, and are therefore not covalently bound to collagen. Similarly, all the peptides containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are present in the EDTA extract and none in the insoluble residue, confirming that none is covalently linked to chicken bone collagen. However, organic phosphorus is also found to be present in chicken bone collagen, principally in the alpha2-chains. Of the total protein-bound organic phosphorus present in chicken bone matrix, approx. 80% is associated with the non-collagenous proteins and 20% with collagen. The soluble non-collagenous proteins contain both O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine and these account for essentially of their organic phosphorus content. In contrast, collagen contains neither O-phosphoserine nor O-phosphothreonine. Indeed, no phosphorylated hydroxy amino acid, phosphoamidated amino acid or phosphorylated sugar could be identified in purified components of collagen, which contain approximately four to five atoms of organic phosphorus per molecule of collagen. Peptides containing organic phosphorus were isolated from partial acid hydrolysates and enzymic digests of purified collagen components, which contain an as-yet-unidentified cationic amino acid. These data, the very high concentrations of glutamic acid in the phosphorylated peptides, and the pH-stability of the organic phosphorus moiety in intact collagen chains strongly suggest that at least part of the organic phosphorus in collagen is present as phosphorylated glutamic acid. This would indicate that the two major chemically different protein fractions in chicken bone matrix that contain organic phosphorus may represent two distinct metabolic pools of organic phosphorus under separate biological control. (+info)

Identification and purification of vitamin K-dependent proteins and peptides with monoclonal antibodies specific for gamma -carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues. (7/185)

Novel monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize gamma-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in proteins and peptides have been produced. As demonstrated by Western blot and time-resolved immunofluorescence assays the antibodies are pan-specific for most or all of the Gla-containing proteins tested (factors VII, IX, and X, prothrombin, protein C, protein S, growth arrest-specific protein 6, bone Gla protein, conantokin G from a cone snail, and factor Xa-like proteins from snake venom). Only the Gla-containing light chain of the two-chain proteins was bound. Decarboxylation destroyed the epitope(s) on prothrombin fragment 1, and Ca(2+) strongly inhibited binding to prothrombin. In Western blot, immunofluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance assays the antibodies bound peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin that contained either a single Gla or a tandem pair of Gla residues. Binding was maintained when the sequence surrounding the Gla residue(s) was altered. Replacement of Gla with glutamic acid resulted in a complete loss of the epitope. The utility of the antibodies was demonstrated in immunochemical methods for detecting Gla-containing proteins and in the immunopurification of a factor Xa-like protein from tiger snake venom. The amino acid sequences of the Gla domain and portions of the heavy chain of the snake protein were determined. (+info)

Sequence requirements for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity of conantokin-R. (8/185)

Conantokin-R (con-R), a gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing 27-residue peptide, is a natural peptide inhibitor of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype glutamate receptor. Synthetic analogs of con-R were generated to evaluate the importance of the individual structural elements of this peptide in its NMDA receptor antagonist activity, measured by inhibition of the spermine-enhanced binding of the NMDA receptor-specific channel blocker, [(3)H]MK-801, to rat brain membranes. Progressive C-terminal truncations of the 27-residue peptide revealed stages of severe activity loss. These occurred at con-R[1-11] and con-R[1-7], corresponding to the deletions of Leu(12)-Pro(27) and Met(8)-Pro(27) respectively. A second set of analogs featured single Ala substitutions in the fully active con-R[1-17] fragment. The replacement of Met(8) and Leu(12) by Ala resulted in approximate 20- and 55-fold decreases of inhibitor potency, respectively. In addition to these two residues, the only other positions where a single Ala substitution led to substantial losses (from 11-fold to >1000-fold) of activity were those of the first five N-terminal amino acids. Based on the above findings, the binding epitope of con-R was localized to the N-terminal turn of the helix and other residues on one face along two subsequent turns. This contribution pattern of the side chains in activity closely resembles the results obtained with another member of this peptide family, conantokin-T. The secondary structure and metal ion binding properties of the con-R variants were also evaluated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Divalent cation-dependent increases of alpha-helix content were observed in most analogs. However, analogs with replacement of Gla(11) and Gla(15), as well as truncation fragments shorter than 15 residues, lost the ability to be stabilized by metal ions. These results confirmed the location of the primary divalent cation binding locus at Gla(11) and Gla(15). Additional interactions were indicated by the reduced alpha-helix stability in the Ala analogs of Gla(4), Lys(7), and Arg(14). (+info)

Rigby AC, Baleja JD, Li L, Pedersen LG, Furie BC, Furie B (December 1997). "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium- ... It differs from Con-R mainly in the C-terminal amino acids and, like Con-R, it induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice, with ... a novel peptide antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor". Neuroscience Letters. 118 (2): 241-4. doi:10.1016/ ... 101 (1-2): 109-16. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00303-2. PMID 12507705. Jimenez EC, Donevan S, Walker C, Zhou LM, Nielsen J, Cruz ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conantokin

In factors VII, IX and X, the two cbEGF modules are preceded by an N-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) containing ... It comprises about 30 to 40 amino-acid residues and has been found in a large number of mostly animal proteins. Most ... β-Hydroxylation appears in hEGF- and cEGF-like domains, the former is hydroxylated on an aspartic acid while the latter is ... Multiple cbEGF domains are often connected by one or two amino acids to form larger, repetitive arrays, here referred to as ' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGF-like_domain

Deficiency of vitamin K or administration of the anticoagulant warfarin inhibits the production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... vitamin K-dependent reaction that converts 10-12 glutamic acids in the N terminus of the molecule to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... 1 (3): 29-51. ,access-date= requires ,url= (help) Andrew M, Paes B, Milner R, Johnston M, Mitchell L, Tollefsen DM, Powers P ( ... 209 (1): 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.03.016. PMID 19651065. Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Collins J, Sood R, Mozingo DW ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin

Identification of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid as a component of prothrombin". J. Biol. Chem. 249 (19): 6347-50. பப்மெட்:4214105 ... "Effect of vitamin K deficiency on urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion in rats". Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 52 (6): ... "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid". Blood 93 (6): 1798-808. பப்மெட்:10068650. http://bloodjournal. ... "Vitamin K dependent modifications of glutamic acid residues in prothrombin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 (7): 2730-3. doi ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/உயிர்ச்சத்து_கே

2004). "Processing and transport of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in cultured ... J. 376 (Pt 1): 135-45. doi:10.1042/BJ20030676. PMC 1223762. PMID 12943536. Wajih N, Borras T, Xue W, et al. ( ... 48 (1): 106-13. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.083. PMID 16797392. v t e. ... "Carbohydrate binding properties of the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Glycoconj. J. 9 (6): 315 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetuin-B

2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.275 - isoaspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.400 ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.427.300 - glutamic acid MeSH D12.125.481.100 - allylglycine MeSH D12.125.481.700 - n-substituted ... imino acids MeSH D12.125.072.401.200 - azetidinecarboxylic acid MeSH D12.125.072.401.623 - proline MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.270 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.125)

Synthesis Of Y-Carboxyglutamic Acid". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry. 8 (2): 191-223. doi:10.3109/10409238009105469. PMID ... For example, it is needed to carboxylate specific glutamic acid residues on prothrombin. Without these residues carboxylated, ... Warfarin (Coumadin) Coumatetralyl Phenprocoumon Acenocoumarol Dicoumarol Tioclomarol Brodifacoum Another group of VKAs are 1,3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K_antagonist

... (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. The ... γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. The high-affinity calcium binding sites in the GLA ... Then CO2 is added to the γ-carbon to form γ-carboxyglutamic acid. Fig. 1.[permanent dead link] A number of γ-carboxyglutamate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyglutamic_acid

Carboxyglutamic acid. Whereas glutamic acid possess one γ-carboxyl group, Carboxyglutamic acid possess two. Hydroxyproline. ... ic acid.) Most natural amino acids are α-amino acids in the L conformation, but some exceptions exist. Some non-α amino acids ... and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are small subset of this group ... amino acids. Other amino acids are solely found in abiotic mixes (e.g. α-methylnorvaline). Over 30 unnatural amino acids have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids

Furie B, Bouchard BA, Furie BC (March 1999). "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid". Blood. 93 (6): ... 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction peptidyl-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidyl-glutamate_4-carboxylase

Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (1995). "Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding ... Kulman JD, Harris JE, Xie L, Davie EW (February 2001). "Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... "Primary structure and tissue distribution of two novel proline-rich gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... The GLA domain binds calcium ions by chelating them between two carboxylic acid residues. These residues are part of a region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gla_domain

Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (Sep 1995). "Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ... Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the ... 14 Suppl 1: S59-64. doi:10.1097/00001721-200306001-00014. PMID 14567539. Du X (May 2007). "Signaling and regulation of the ... 67 (1): 63-5. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1648381. PMID 1615485. "BeneFIX EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 17 June 2020 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IX

... , the γ. {\displaystyle \gamma }. -proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. ... Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... "Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain (IPR000294) , InterPro , EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-12-22.. ... Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain[edit]. A number of gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues are present in the gamma- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Γ-carboxyglutamate

Esmon NL, DeBault LE, Esmon CT (May 1983). "Proteolytic formation and properties of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless ... Inactive protein C comprises 419 amino acids in multiple domains: one Gla domain (residues 43-88); a helical aromatic segment ( ... a 32 amino acid N-terminus signal peptide preceding a propeptide. Protein C is formed when a dipeptide of Lys198 and Arg199 is ... Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (14): 5233-47. doi:10.1093/nar/13.14.5233. PMC 321861. PMID 2991859. Taylor FB, Chang A, Esmon CT, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_in_science

... while simultaneously adding CO2 to protein-bound glutamic acid (abbreviation = Glu) to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (also ... 54 (1): 459-77. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.002331. PMID 3896125. Presnell SR, Stafford DW (2002). "The vitamin K- ... 25 (1): 127-49. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092713. PMID 16011462. Zhang B, Ginsburg D (September 2004). "Familial ... ISBN 0-12-183492-1. glutamyl+carboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-glutamyl_carboxylase

... , also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) ... Hauschka PV, Reid ML (August 1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in ... 396 (1-2): 66-9. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.001. PMID 18657532. Ba Y, Huang H, Yang Y, Cui L, Zhu J, Zhu C, et al. (November ... 382 (1): 521-526. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.008. PMC 3850748. PMID 24145129. Obri A, Khrimian L, Karsenty G, Oury F (March 2018 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteocalcin

The light chain contains an N-terminal γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain (Gla domain) and two epidermal growth factor-like domains ... In Factor V Leiden, a G1691A nucleotide replacement results in an R506Q amino acid mutation. Factor V Leiden increases the risk ... "Complete cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human factor V". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 4846-50. doi:10.1073/ ... Meizothrombin contains fragment 1•2 A chain linked to the B chain by a disulfide bond. Subsequent cleavage of meizothrombin by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothrombinase

The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon, from ... Citrulline is also produced as a byproduct of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from the amino acid arginine, catalyzed ... 978-1-57259-153-0. .. *^ Rogers, G. E.; Rothnagel, J. A. (1983). "A sensitive assay for the enzyme activity in hair follicles ... InChI=1S/C6H13N3O3/c7-4(5(10)11)2-1-3-9-6(8)12/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,10,11)(H3,8,9,12) N ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline

... is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain-containing protein thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell ... It is similar to the Protein S with the same domain organization and 43% amino acid identity. It was originally found as a gene ... 30 (1): 129-31. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0027. PMID 8595896. Li R, Chen J, Hammonds G, Phillips H, Armanini M, Wood P, Bunge R, ... 415 (1): 59-63. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01093-4. PMID 9326369. Nakano T, Ishimoto Y, Kishino J, Umeda M, Inoue K, Nagata K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAS6

M. L. (1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". ... 36 (1): 92-106. Bibcode:1978Icar...36...92F. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(78)90076-3.. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link). .mw-parser-output ... October - It is first proposed that Janus and Epimetheus are two separate moons of Saturn sharing the same orbit.[1] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_in_science

... , or γ-aminobutyric acid /ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɪk ˈæsɪd/, or GABA /ˈɡæbə/, is the chief inhibitory ... Although in chemical terms, GABA is an amino acid (as it has both a primary amine and a carboxylic acid functional group), it ... By convention the term "amino acid", when used without a qualifier, refers specifically to an alpha amino acid. GABA is not an ... Kuriyama K, Sze PY (January 1971). "Blood-brain barrier to H3-γ-aminobutyric acid in normal and amino oxyacetic acid-treated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_amino_butyric_acid

... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). Carboxylation of these ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration. Vitamin K Vitamin K1 ... Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... 1570 (1): 27-32. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00147-2. PMID 11960685. Hofbauer LC, Brueck CC, Shanahan CM, Schoppet M, Dobnig H ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K2

L-Ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA), a stable salt of ornithine and aspartic acid, has been used in the treatment of cirrhosis.[8] ... Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle. Ornithine is abnormally accumulated in the ... Ornithine is not an amino acid coded for by DNA, that is, not proteinogenic. However, in mammalian non-hepatic tissues, the ... Amino acid supplements, including L-ornithine, are frequently marketed to bodybuilders and weightlifters with claims for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid

carboxyglutamic acid, the γ. {\displaystyle \gamma }. -proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. ... Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... "Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain (IPR000294) , InterPro , EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-12-22.. ... Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain[edit]. A number of gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues are present in the gamma- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-carboxyglutamate

... Lookup it up at Rhymes.net - the most comprehensive rhyming words dictionary on the ... Discuss this 1-carboxyglutamic acid rhyme with the community:. Citation. Use the citation below to add this rhymes to your ... Weve got 0 rhyming words for 1-carboxyglutamic acid ». What rhymes with 1-carboxyglutamic acid?. This page is about the ... We couldnt find any rhymes for the word 1-carboxyglutamic acid.. Maybe you were looking for one of these terms?. *twirled, - ...

https://www.rhymes.net/rhyme/1-carboxyglutamic%20acid

Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. The ... γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. The high-affinity calcium binding sites in the GLA ... Then CO2 is added to the γ-carbon to form γ-carboxyglutamic acid. Fig. 1.[permanent dead link] A number of γ-carboxyglutamate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyglutamic_acid

Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding region of factor IX by two-dimensional NMR ... STRUCTURE OF THE METAL-FREE GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID-RICH MEMBRANE BINDING REGION OF FACTOR IX BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1CFH

... on bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in serum and bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. Together they form a unique ... 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in serum and bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. In: ... 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in serum and bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. ... 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in serum and bone in vitamin D-deficient rats, ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-dichotomy-in-the-effects-of-125-dihydroxyvitamin-dsub3sub-and

... J ... Chicken osteocalcin shares many structural features, including the sequence positions of its 3 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla ... amino acid analysis demonstrates an excess of Gla in embryonic bone compared to the level of osteocalcin by radioimmunoassay. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6600233/

R M Camire 1 , P J Larson, D W Stafford, K A High ... Amino Acid Sequence * Animals * CHO Cells * Carbon-Carbon ... 1 Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11087381/?dopt=Abstract

Acidity and metal (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) affinity of L-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and its peptide analog. Remko, M., Broer, R., ... Hildner, R., Lemmer, U., Scherf, U. & Koehler, J., 29-Sep-2006, In : Chemical Physics Letters. 429, 1-3, p. 103-108 6 p.. ... Ernst, D., Hildner, R., Hippius, C., Wuerthner, F. & Koehler, J., 6-Nov-2009, In : Chemical Physics Letters. 482, 1-3, p. 93-98 ...

https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/journals/chemical-physics-letters

transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 4. Names. proline rich Gla (G-carboxyglutamic acid) 4 (transmembrane). proline ... NM_024081.6 → NP_076986.1 transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 4 precursor. See identical proteins and their ... Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins expressed broadly in fetal and adult tissues. ... XM_006718313.3 → XP_006718376.3 transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 4 isoform X2 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79056

... which contain the calcium-binding amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; no proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are ... Small amounts of osteocalcin, the bone-derived protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, were present in both human and ... It is concluded that proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are involved in both the onset and progression of ... Warfarin anticoagulant therapy did not prevent calcification or accumulation of protein with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Porcine-bioprosthetic-valve-calcification-in/6603825.html

Price PA, Otsuka AA, Poser JW, Kristaponis J and Raman N: Characterization of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein ... It is abundant in γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residue and can combine with the calcium ions in hydroxyapatite to form osteoid ... Nucleic Acids Res. 34:W293-W297. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI ... collecting duct acid secretion and primary immunodeficiency. The top 10 KEGG enriched pathways are listed in Table V. ...

https://spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/39/1/81

Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. ,p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in ... Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. Length. ... 1. Metal bindingi. 11. Divalent metal cation; via 4-carboxyglutamateBy similarity. Manual assertion inferred from sequence ... Ref.1. "Novel conantokins from Conus parius venom are specific antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.". Teichert R.W., ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0C8E0

Sakai et al., "The .gamma.-Carboxyglutamic Acid Domain of Human Factor VII is Essential for Its Interaction with Cell Surface ... Zhang et al., "Role of Individual .gamma.-Carboxyglutamic Acid Residues of Activated Human Protein C in Defining its In Vitro ... Gillis et al., "gamma-Carboxyglutamic acids 36 and 40 do not contribute to human factor IX function," Prot. Sci., 6:185-196, ... Shen et al., "Enhancement of Human Protein C Function by Site-directed Mutagenesis of the .gamma.-Carboxyglutamic Acid Domain ...

http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/8642738.html

Carbox-yglutamic acid (Gla): Resolution of synthetic Gla derivatives, Helv. Chim. Acta. 60:798.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... A deuteron magnetic resonance study of a single crystal of deuterated malonic acid, Mol. Phys. 17:401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Effects of acid-base equilibrium on photo-CIDNP in nitroaromatic compounds, Chem. Phys. Lett. 49:538.Google Scholar ... Pseudo-structures for the 20 common amino acids for use in studies of protein conformations by measurements of intramolecular ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-4997-6_2

The possibility to perform intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, or the newest but criticized ... 1 Carlos Martínez2 1BioTrauma Centre, Escaldes, Principality of Andorra; 2University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences ... gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; gp, glycoprotein; PARP, proline- and arginine-rich protein; PGs, proteoglycans; PRELP, proline- and ... Comparison between hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma, intra-articular infiltration in the treatment of gonarthrosis. Am ...

https://www.dovepress.com/new-developments-in-the-treatment-of-osteoarthritis-ndash-focus-on-bio-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OARRR

... γ-carboxyglutamic acid) domain followed by two epidermal growth factor-like domains and a C-terminal inactive catalytic domain ... Amino acid sequence of CAP37, a human neutrophil granule-derived antibacterial and monocyte-specific chemotactic glycoprotein ... Given the central role that specific amino acids play in catalysis, a change to these residues is typically highly disruptive. ... Enzymes are classically defined by a set of key functional amino acid residues that are employed in catalysis, substrate ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/468/1/17/48477/Pseudoproteases-mechanisms-and-function

Role of γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the binding of factor IXa to platelets and in factor-X activation. Blood. 1992; 79: ... The entire γ-carboxyglutamic acid-and helical stack-domains of human coagulation factor IX are required for optimal binding to ... 10C12, a human antibody F(ab′)2, which specifically binds to the γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of factor IX/factor IXa (F.IX/ ... Structure of the calcium ion-bound γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of factor IX. Biochemistry. 1995; 34: 12126-12137. ...

http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/22/3/517

The binding site for fibronectin is in a MGP C-terminal peptide comprising amino acids 61-77. Second, MGP enhances cell ... γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein in mineralized scales. The abundance and structure of Lepomis macrochirus bone γ-carboxyglutamic ... P. A. Price, M. R. Urist, and Y. Otawara, "Matrix Gla protein, a new γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein which is ... N. Wajih, T. Borras, W. Xue, S. M. Hutson, and R. Wallin, "Processing and transport of matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcb/2014/807013/

Matrix GLA protein (MGP), a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-rich, vitamin K-dependent and apatite-binding protein, is a ... Matrix GLA protein (MGP), a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-rich, vitamin K-dependent and apatite-binding protein, is a ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2169349_JCB9907006.f2&req=4

Rigby AC, Baleja JD, Li L, Pedersen LG, Furie BC, Furie B (December 1997). "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium- ... It differs from Con-R mainly in the C-terminal amino acids and, like Con-R, it induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice, with ... a novel peptide antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor". Neuroscience Letters. 118 (2): 241-4. doi:10.1016/ ... Conantokins act as potent and specific antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR).[1] They are the only naturally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conantokin

Non-small somatostatin which contain γ carboxyglutamic acid and environmental stimuli Drugs applied Multi-EGFR tKIs. It binds ... Non-small somatostatin which contain γ carboxyglutamic acid and environmental stimuli. For the coronary heart block or folate ... Non-small somatostatin which contain γ carboxyglutamic acid and environmental stimuli Drugs applied. Psychotropic drugs often ... Acid diffuses from once a problem of concerns about other day. HIV patients to enhance the treatment to the most causes the ...

http://www.musicaenlamochila.net/2018/07/08/how-long-side-effects-of-lexapro-last

Of particular interest are the interactions of γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain-containing clotting proteins with lipids. ... Phosphatidic Acids); 0 (Phosphatidylcholines); 0 (Phosphatidylserines); 0 (Protein C); 0 (Recombinant Proteins); 40290-44-6 (1- ... 1 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, ... All patients underwent blood sampling within 1 week of US and were thereafter followed up. HCC was confirmed in 40/90 cases, ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D08.622.709

Urinary .GAMMA.-carboxyglutamic acid, plasma prothrombin and protein C in liver diseases. （1986） ... Changes of plasma prothrombin, protein C and urinary .GAMMA.-carboxyglutamic acid in diabetes mellitus. （1987） ... Articles in CiNii:1. * A DOUBLE BLIND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF S6472, CEFACLOR AND AMOXICILLIN, IN THE TREATMENT OF ... Articles in CiNii:1. * A DOUBLE BLIND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF S6472, CEFACLOR IN THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL ...

https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author?q=UEHARA+SOICHIRO

Serum bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in primary hyperparathyroidism and in malignant hypercalcemia. ... Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (sBGP), a sensitive and specific marker of bone turnover, was ... Reduced binding of [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the parathyroid glands of patients with renal failure. Korkor, A.B. N. Engl ... The importance of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and renal-stone formation in ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/3278.html

Calcium binds to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues and, with stronger affinity, to another site, beyond the Gla ... Lane 1 : Goat polyclonal to Mouse IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/3000 dilution. Lane 2 : Goat polyclonal to Mouse IgG - H& ... Lane 1 : Human small intestine tissue lysate - total protein (ab29276). Lane 2 : Human placenta tissue lysate - total protein ( ... Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. ...

https://www.abcam.com/factor-ixptc-antibody-1c2-ab17196.html

Calcium binds to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues and, with stronger affinity, to another site, beyond the Gla ... Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. ...

http://www.abcam.com/natural-cow-factor-ixa-protein-ab62459.html

Answer the cause is converted to his final common cell-membrane receptor γ carboxyglutamic acid. Azelaic acid how long for ... Azelaic acid alone or renal failure because of chronic continuous disease. is 10mg of lexapro a low dose Procarbazine, ... Gastric acid on their reproduction, atrial fibrillation are the many weeks with ménières. Is previously and is the ... Renal 1-α-hydroxylase is straightforward, and subjective awareness of action potential and are present in ischaemic attack. ...

http://imagenenaccion.org/nystatin-triamcinolone-acetonide-cream-yeast-infection

Single-chain plasma FIX has the Gla domain (12 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues) at its amino terminal end; this is a ... These data, along with the known effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA; Amicar) certainly raise the question of the ... The process of gamma-carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues forms gamma-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in the mature ... All of the vitamin K-dependent procoagulants and anticoagulants are biologically inactive unless the glutamic acid residues at ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199088-overview

Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein [BGLAP], is a noncollagenous protein hormone ... while certain amino acids acting on the intercellular space can cause inner skeleton contractions so that passive diffusion can ... Supriyatiningsih1* and Meiky Fredianto2 1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta/Asri ... PERMI 1997;1:92-28. *Chee W, Suriah A, Chan S, et al. The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in post- ...

https://www.pulsus.com/scholarly-articles/reducing-the-womens-bone-turnover-by-high-doses-calcium-supplementation-during-menopausal-transition-4529.html

In the blood coagulation cascade, vitamin K is required to introduce γ-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and protein Z. In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation of calcium and protein with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid occurred simultaneously and progressively, beginning 2 months after implantation. (biomedsearch.com)
Small amounts of osteocalcin, the bone-derived protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, were present in both human and bovine bioprosthetic valve calcifications at comparable levels. (biomedsearch.com)
Warfarin anticoagulant therapy did not prevent calcification or accumulation of protein with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. (biomedsearch.com)
Three of the top 20 DEGs [sclerostin (SOST), WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4)] were related to the inhibition of the Wnt pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Matrix GLA protein (MGP), a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-rich, vitamin K-dependent and apatite-binding protein, is a regulator of hypertrophic cartilage mineralization during development. (nih.gov)
The Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor GHF-1 is a Homeobox-Containing Protein," Cell, 1988, 55:505-518. (patentgenius.com)
Hydrophobic Amino Acid Residues of Human Anticoagulation Protein C That Contribute to Its Functional Binding to Phospholipid Vesicles," Biochemistry, 1995, 34:10376-10382. (patentgenius.com)
carboxyglutamic acid, plasma prothrombin and protein C in liver diseases. (nii.ac.jp)
The process of gamma-carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues forms gamma-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in the mature protein and requires reduced vitamin K, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to perform its functions. (medscape.com)
DNA variation in the enhancer is known to affect transcription factor binding, for example in the NF-κB and Oct-1 sites in the tumor necrosis factor promoter ( 3 , 4 ), the SP-1 site in the Matrix metalloproteinase-2 promoter ( 5 ), and the AP-1-binding site in the Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein promoter ( 6 ). (pnas.org)
New protein nanocages are designed bearing two functional proteins, γ-carboxyglutamic acid of protein C (PC-Gla) and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP), and have an anti-septic response. (elsevier.com)
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the antithrombotic liposomes of step (d) comprise an antithrombotic protein selected from the group consisting of thrombomodulin, a truncated thrombomodulin, endogenous protein C, an endothelial protein C receptor, and an endogenous protein C activator protein. (google.com)
Osteocalcin (Bone Gla Protein) is a 49 amino acid single chain vitamin K dependent protein (MW 5.8 kDa), made by osteoblasts that is a major component of the non-collagenous bone matrix. (novusbio.com)
L. C. Pan and P. A. Price, The propeptide of rat bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein shares homology with other vitamin K-dependent protein precursors, Proc. (springer.com)
Ehrlich, N. U. Bang, R. M. Belagaje, B. Schoner, and G. L. Long, Vitamin K dependent carboxylase: possible role of the "propeptide" as an intracellular recognition site (γ-carboxyglutamic acid/protein C), Proc. (springer.com)
This recombinant protein (r-Antidote, PRT064445) is catalytically inactive and lacks the membrane-binding γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of native fXa but retains the ability of native fXa to bind direct fXa inhibitors as well as low molecular weight heparin-activated antithrombin III (ATIII). (nih.gov)
It is a small 5.8kD protein with 49 amino acids, and has three *-carboxyglutamic acid residues at positions 17, 21, and 24. (sas-centre.org)
Osteocalcin (OC) is a relatively small protein (5.8Kda) produced by bone osteoblasts and is regulated at transcription level by 1,25 dihyroxy-vitamin D3. (sas-centre.org)
Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Osteocalcin, also known as Bone-Gla-Protein (BGP), is a single chain (Mr=5800) vitamin K dependent protein produced by osteoblasts and found in high concentrations in bone (1-4). (haemtech.com)
The mature protein contains 49 amino acids and a single intrachain disulfide bond joining Cys23 to Cys29. (haemtech.com)
The purified protein is supplied 50 % (vol/vol) glycerol/0.01 M Tris, 0.075 M NaCl, pH 7.4, and should be stored at -20°C. Human osteocalcin is prepared from extracts of acid-demineralized bone, using immunoaffinity chromatography. (haemtech.com)
It is necessary to have vitamin K2 present in our bodies so that it can activate Matrix y-carboxyglutamic acid protein or MGP. (smart-publications.com)
1,25-OH(2)D also acts like a steroid hormone: after entering the cell, a high-affinity receptor binds to it, takes it to the cell nucleus where it associates with a genome (thought to be determined by histone proteins), activates specific genes which cause the transcription of messenger ribonucleic acid coded to produce calcium binding protein (CaBP), which results in an increased translation and the subsequent production of CaBP. (medjournal.com)
In the bone, 1,25-OH(2)D stimulates the production of a bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid protein, a CaBP that requires vitamin K for a crucial carboxylation. (medjournal.com)
In protein science , an Imino Acid (Secondary Amino Acid) is a molecule, related to amino acids (differing in the bonding to the nitrogen), that contains both an imino (>C=NH) and a carboxyl (-C(=O)-OH) functional group, which occurs as either an acyclic acid or a cyclic imino acid . (wellnessadvocate.com)
Protein S human is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein which has antcoagulant properties [ 1 ] . (drugbank.ca)
Protein S acts as an anticoagulant serves as a negative feedback mechanism in the coagulation cascade [ 1 ] . (drugbank.ca)
Thrombin converts protein C to activated protein C (APC) [ 1 ] . (drugbank.ca)
Protein S functions as a cofactor for APC and together they proteolytically cleave factor Va and VIIIa [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (drugbank.ca)
Protein S is suggested to inhibit factors Va and Xa through protein-protein interactions [ 4 ] [ 1 ] . (drugbank.ca)
Protein S is also suggested to inhibit production of factor Xa by the tenase complex by competing for binding to phospholipids via its gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain. (drugbank.ca)
Approximately 60% of protein S is bound to C4b-binding protein in systemic circulation [ 1 ] . (drugbank.ca)
The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX. (bvsalud.org)
The domain structure of protein C is represented, where: GLA = region containing γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues, EGF = region containing sequences homologous to human epidermal growth factor, AP = activation peptide released upon conversion of the zymogen to the active serine protease, CATALYTIC DOMAIN = region containing the serine protease catalytic triad. (haemtech.com)
The vitamin K-dependent zymogen, protein C, is synthesized in the liver as a single chain polypeptide and is subsequently converted to a disulfide linked heterodimer, by removal of a dipeptide (Lys-146 and Arg-147) from the precursor molecule (1,2). (haemtech.com)
The light chain, which is responsible for the calcium dependent binding of protein C to phospholipid vesicles, contains 11 γ-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues, 1 b-hydroxyaspartic acid residue, and 2 epidermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains. (haemtech.com)
RT "Amino acid sequence of human protein Z, a vitamin K-dependent plasma RT glycoprotein. (genome.jp)

Chicken osteocalcin shares many structural features, including the sequence positions of its 3 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues, with osteocalcins of human, monkey, cow, and rat, but is cryptic in the radioimmunoassays for these species. (nih.gov)
However, amino acid analysis demonstrates an excess of Gla in embryonic bone compared to the level of osteocalcin by radioimmunoassay. (nih.gov)
This product recognizes intact human and bovine osteocalcin in a "2 site" assay and reacts with osteocalcin fragments corresponding to amino acids 1-19, 7-19 and 15-31 of the native molecule. (novusbio.com)
It does not recognize fragments representing amino acids 20-43 or intact bovine osteocalcin. (novusbio.com)

Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate ), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins expressed broadly in fetal and adult tissues. (nih.gov)
no proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are present in nonmineralized valves. (biomedsearch.com)
The purpose of the present study was to examine a series of bovine circulatory bioprosthetic valve explants for calcification and proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. (biomedsearch.com)
It is concluded that proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are involved in both the onset and progression of bioprosthetic valve calcification, and that conventional means of vitamin K antagonism do not alter this association or the course of bioprosthetic valve mineralization. (biomedsearch.com)
This "phosphoserine mooring" model is consistent with known information about the interaction of the vitamin K-dependent proteins and phospholipid membranes, including the requirement for anionic phospholipids, the hydrophobic patch, calcium ions and -carboxyglutamic acid. (bidmc.org)
How this vitamin is involved in blood coagulation eluded scientists until 1974, when a requirement for vitamin K was shown for the formation of numerous proteins in the body known as gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (GCGA) proteins. (springboard4health.com)
Vitamin K works by acting as a cofactor in the carboxylation (adding of a carboxyl group C02) via an enzyme (gamma glutamyl carboxylase), of glutamic acid (a specific amino acid) to form a modification of that amino acid (gamma carboxyglutamic acid) in a variety of critical plasma proteins. (springboard4health.com)
It is known that vitamin K is not only necessary for coagulation, but also acts as a cofactor helping to introduce carbon dioxide (carboxylation) into glutamic acid (Glu) residues of ∼12 proteins. (bioscientifica.com)
The resulting amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), in the presence of vitamin K has calcium-binding properties that confer function to all vitamin K-dependent proteins, also known as Gla-containing proteins. (bioscientifica.com)

The structure of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 has been refined at 2.25 A resolution using high resolution measurements made with the synchrotron beam at CHESS. (rcsb.org)
In collaboration with Dr. Barbara Seaton, we have recently crystallized bovine prothrombin fragment 1 in the presence of phospholipid analogs and calcium ions. (bidmc.org)
A model of phospholipid-prothrombin interaction has been developed that incorporates a phosphoserine binding site and residues 1 to 11, including the hydrophobic patch composed of three hydrophobic residues (phenylalanine 4, leucine 5 and valine 8) and the acyl chains from phosphatidylserine. (bidmc.org)
G. L. Nelsestuen, T. H. Zytkovicz, and J. B. Howard, The mode of action of vitamin K. Identification of y-carboxyglutamic acid as a component of prothrombin, J. Biol. (springer.com)
Pelzer, H. and Stuber, W., "Detection of Prothrombin Activation Fragments F.sub.2 /F.sub.1+2 by an Antibody Against a Synthetic Peptide," Haemostasis 1988, 18 Suppl. (freepatentsonline.com)
1. A monoclonal antibody and fragments thereof that specifically bind to an epitope on the carboxy terminus of a prothrombin activation peptide, wherein said epitope comprises the amino acid sequence -Ser-Asp-Arg-Ala-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-OH, and wherein said monoclonal antibody is secreted by the hybridoma identified as ATCC No. HB 10291. (freepatentsonline.com)
5. A method of immunologically assaying for prothrombin activation peptide F1.2 in a sample, comprising an immunoassay wherein a monoclonal antibody according to claim 1 is used as the capture antibody and wherein the immunoassay is a method selected from the group consisting of competitive inhibition immunoassays, single step immunoassays and agglutination immunoassays. (freepatentsonline.com)
6. A diagnostic kit for immunologically assaying for prothrombin activation peptide F1.2 in a sample comprising a monoclonal antibody according to claim 1 coated on a solid phase. (freepatentsonline.com)

OC biosynthesis is stimulated by 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D. Vitamin K is required for the *-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in OC, and reports indicate that Vitamin K could be important as a modulator of osteoblast function. (sas-centre.org)
Furie B. et al "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid" Blood. (wellnessadvocate.com)

Nucleic Acids Res. (abcam.com)

[1] They are the only naturally-derived peptides to do so. (wikipedia.org)

proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO 2 is subsequently added. (wikipedia.org)
J. J. McTigue and J. W. Suttie, Vitamin Independent carboxylase: demonstration of a vitamin K- and O 2 -dependent exchange of 3 H from 3 H 2 O into glutamic acid residues, J. Biol. (springer.com)

1,25(OH) 2 D 3 administration was not sufficient to restore bone BGP levels to normalcy, whereas in animals treated with 24,25(OH) 2 D 3 bone BGP and calcium levels were significantly higher than control (Vitamin D 3 -repleted) levels. (elsevier.com)
McCann and colleagues base their conclusions on 'triage theory', which posits that when any of the 40, or so, essential vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids and minerals that we need to live a healthy life - including Vitamin K, is in short supply some of the bodily functions they initiate have to be forgone - as the vitamin is needed for urgent - short-term survival - functions. (the-cma.org.uk)
These early studies also demonstrated that in addition to phylloquinone or vitamin K 1 in green plants, vitamin K activity was present in many bacteria as a series of menaqui-nones, 2-Me-l, 4-naphthoquinones substituted at the 3-position with an unsaturated polyisoprenoid chain. (springer.com)
ADSCs were cultured in a specific adipogenic conditioned media, in the presence of melatonin alone or with vitamin D. The expression of specific osteogenic related genes was evaluated at different time points, together with the histone deacetylases epigenetic regulators, HDAC1 and Sirtuins (SIRT) 1 and 2. (medsci.org)
Our results show that melatonin and vitamin D are able to modulate ADSCs commitment towards osteogenic phenotype through the upregulation of HDAC1, SIRT 1 and 2, unfolding an epigenetic regulation in stem cell differentiation and opening novel strategies for future therapeutic balancing of stem cell fate toward adipogenic or osteogenic phenotype. (medsci.org)
A comparative study of vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) activity in vitro was conducted across species. (embl.de)
Overall, this study indicates that there are interspecies differences regarding the in vitro reduction of vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide by the warfarin-sensitive enzyme vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide reductase. (embl.de)
Intraperitoneal administration of vitamin K1 revealed that 80 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was sufficient to restore normal blood clotting activity in deficient rats, while 60 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was insufficient. (embl.de)
Fifteen healthy Japanese males aged 25.0 years (median) and not currently taking natto (fermented soybean, which has a high concentration of vitamin K) or medications were screened a week before Day 1. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-translational modification by a vitamin K dependent carboxylase produces three g-carboxyglutamic acid residues at positions 17, 21 and 24. (haemtech.com)
In chicks, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25-OH(2)D), the biologically active form of vitamin D, increases the phosphocholine (PC) content of the brush border concomitantly with a modification of the PC acyl chains, which together increase the fluidity of the membrane. (medjournal.com)
(1) for their interesting study regarding the effects of warfarin or dabigatran etexilate (DE) on renal function in the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation, showing a decline in renal function that was greater in those taking warfarin compared with DE, which was amplified by diabetes and previous vitamin K antagonist use. (onlinejacc.org)
The authors propose this adverse renal outcome may be due to inhibition by warfarin of vitamin K-dependent matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla/MPG) and resulting in renal vascular calcification and arterial damage. (onlinejacc.org)
It refers to a family of compounds, the most common consumed form being phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) that is found in plants. (bioscientifica.com)
showed that inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 by warfarin resulting in undercarboxylation of MGP leads to medial calcification of the arterial vessel wall. (bioscientifica.com)
The GLA domain includes the vitamin K-dependent, gamma-carboxyglutamic acids (GLA), and all 3 phosphoserines [ 2 , 27 , 28 ]. (hindawi.com)
vitamin K 1 or phyloquinone/phytonadione is plant-based vitamin K. (wellnessadvocate.com)

Epicardial coronary artery calcification (CAC) occurs in atherosclerosis 1 and is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). (ahajournals.org)
1,2 In atherosclerotic lesions, calcification is mainly found in the intima of blood vessels as dispersed punctate or patchy crystals associated with the necrotic core of atheromas (intimal calcification) and has been shown to positively correlate to the atherosclerotic plaque burden and the increased risk of myocardial infarction. (ahajournals.org)
1 This vascular calcification reduces aortic and arterial elastance, which impairs cardiovascular hemodynamics, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality 2-4 in the form of hypertension, aortic stenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial and lower-limb ischemia, congestive heart failure, and compromised structural integrity. (ahajournals.org)

Calcium binds to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues and, with stronger affinity, to another site, beyond the Gla domain. (abcam.com)
It binds bile acids should con- centrated urine hydroxyproline excretion Diabetesinsipidus-paradoxically. (musicaenlamochila.net)
10C12, a human antibody F(ab′) 2 , which specifically binds to the γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of factor IX/factor IXa (F.IX/IXa), interferes with all known coagulation processes in which F.IX/IXa is involved. (ahajournals.org)

Approximately 50-70% and emergency treatment will yield a variety of the cTZ leukotriene receptor γ carboxyglutamic acid. (musicaenlamochila.net)
Acetazolamide is needed to nuclear receptor γ carboxyglutamic acid. (diarimaresme.com)
Whether insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) inhibits or promotes the osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in vitro remains controversial. (biologists.org)
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and -2 are the major signaling adapters in insulin/IGF-1 pathways and are rapidly phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues after ligand stimulation. (biologists.org)

The folding of the kringle of fragment 1 is related to the close intramolecular contact between the inner loop disulfide groups. (rcsb.org)
Surface accessibility calculations indicate that none of the disulfide groups of fragment 1 is accessible to solvent. (rcsb.org)

A number of gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues are present in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain. (wikipedia.org)
permanent dead link] A number of γ-carboxyglutamate residues are present in the γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ("GLA") domain. (wikipedia.org)

Other purine synthesis of vertebral collapse and the frequency of metabolism 1% They differ in insulin. (musicaenlamochila.net)

However, complications from warfarin therapy occur even with proper monitoring, with major bleeding in 1% to 5% of those treated. (ahajournals.org)

Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain. (abcam.com)
Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. (abcam.com)
The Gla region is followed by (1) two epidermal growth factor regions, (2) the activation peptide, which is removed when the single-chain zymogen FIX is converted to activated factor IX (FIXa), ie, the 2-chain active enzyme, and (3) the catalytic domain, which contains the enzymatic activity. (medscape.com)
1 The light chain contains a γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-domain necessary for a Ca2+-dependent conformational change associated with phospholipid binding, and two epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains. (haematologica.org)
Furthermore, the introduction of mutations within the fiber knob domain that abrogate CAR binding and infectivity in vitro has no discernible effect on Ad5 biodistribution and transduction profiles in vivo following intravenous delivery ( 1 , 10 ). (asm.org)
The potentiating effect of tissue factor disappeared by removal of y-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) -domain from factor VIIa, whereas the esterase activity in the absence of tissue factor was not affected by this modification, suggesting that the Gla-domain is required as the potent determinants on factor VIIa for the interaction with tissue factor, even if phospholipids are absent in the reaction mixture. (nii.ac.jp)
5 F.IXa was shown to interact with the platelet membrane with high affinity and in a very specific manner involving the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain. (ahajournals.org)
11,12 ⇓ Consistent with this view, these three hydrophobic amino acids (Leu6, Phe9, and Val10) are located within the 11-residue N -terminal portion of the F.IX-Gla domain identified as an important structural determinant for cell binding. (ahajournals.org)
Mutagenesis of the gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid Domain of Human Factor VII to Generate Maximum Enhancement of the Membrane Contact Site. (umn.edu)

J Thromb Haemost ;15(1):131-139, 2017 01. (bireme.br)

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymerizable functionalized phospholipid of step (d) comprises a phosphatidylcholine moiety and/or a phosphatidylethanolamine moiety. (google.com)
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymerizable functionalized phospholipid is a mono-acrylate, a bis-acrylate, a mono-diene or a bis-diene derivative of a phospholipid. (google.com)
By comparing these structures, we concluded that residues 1 to 11 include a contact site for phospholipid binding since the calcium-bound conformer interacts with phospholipid whereas the magnesium-bound conformer does not. (bidmc.org)

01-AUG-1988, sequence version 1. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Non-small somatostatin which contain γ carboxyglutamic acid and environmental stimuli Drugs applied Multi-EGFR tKIs. (musicaenlamochila.net)

Given the central role that specific amino acids play in catalysis, a change to these residues is typically highly disruptive. (portlandpress.com)

1,25 dehydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25 (OH) 2 D 3 ) exhibited the most potent influence on serum BGP levels in a dose-dependent manner. (elsevier.com)
At a dose 25 ng/100 g body weight 1,25 (OH) 2 D 3 showed a cumulative effect, i.e., the longer the treatment, the more circulating BGP was detected 24,25 dehydroxyvitamin D 3 (24,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) at the same doses did not show similar effect on the serum BGP levels, regardless of the serum calcium levels. (elsevier.com)

Interaction of Lipoprotein Lipase and Apolipoprotein C-ll with Sonicated Vesicles of 1,2-Ditetradecylphosphatidylcholine: Comparison of Binding Constants, Biochemistry, 24, 4196 4201. (bio-cat.ru)

One new depsidone, botryorhodine H (1), together with three known analogues, botryorhodines C, D and G (2-4), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. (usda.gov)

Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. (wikipedia.org)
γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. (wikipedia.org)
γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla)-Domainless Blood Coagulation Factor IXa Species:Preparation and Properties. (nii.ac.jp)

Taken together, we provided evidence to demonstrate that IRS-1 gene modification facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs by increasing TAZ expression through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. (biologists.org)

Pils and Schultz [ 1 ] argued that the large numbers of both inactive and active trypsin-like serine proteases, in both these species and their conservation in many other related species, indicated a gene expansion, and that the evolution of the inactive proteases and their new functions suggested that they were advantageous to insects. (portlandpress.com)

Azelaic acid alone or renal failure because of chronic continuous disease. (imagenenaccion.org)
Renal 1-α-hydroxylase is straightforward, and subjective awareness of action potential and are present in ischaemic attack. (imagenenaccion.org)

Identification of a unique amino acid. (umn.edu)

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Undercarboxylation of recombinant prothrombin revealed by analysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence. (1/185)

A conotoxin from Conus textile with unusual posttranslational modifications reduces presynaptic Ca2+ influx. (2/185)

Calcium binding mode of gamma-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins. (3/185)

Expression of the gene encoding the matrix gla protein by mature osteoblasts in human fracture non-unions. (4/185)

Matrix GLA protein is a developmental regulator of chondrocyte mineralization and, when constitutively expressed, blocks endochondral and intramembranous ossification in the limb. (5/185)

Identification of organic phosphorus covalently bound to collagen and non-collagenous proteins of chicken-bone matrix. The presence of O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine in non-collagenous proteins, and their absence from phosporylated collagen. (6/185)

Identification and purification of vitamin K-dependent proteins and peptides with monoclonal antibodies specific for gamma -carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues. (7/185)

Sequence requirements for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity of conantokin-R. (8/185)

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Undercarboxylation of recombinant prothrombin revealed by analysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence. (1/185)

A conotoxin from Conus textile with unusual posttranslational modifications reduces presynaptic Ca2+ influx. (2/185)

Calcium binding mode of gamma-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins. (3/185)

Expression of the gene encoding the matrix gla protein by mature osteoblasts in human fracture non-unions. (4/185)

Matrix GLA protein is a developmental regulator of chondrocyte mineralization and, when constitutively expressed, blocks endochondral and intramembranous ossification in the limb. (5/185)

Identification of organic phosphorus covalently bound to collagen and non-collagenous proteins of chicken-bone matrix. The presence of O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine in non-collagenous proteins, and their absence from phosporylated collagen. (6/185)

Identification and purification of vitamin K-dependent proteins and peptides with monoclonal antibodies specific for gamma -carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues. (7/185)

Sequence requirements for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity of conantokin-R. (8/185)

Carboxyglutamic acid - Wikipedia

Matrix gla protein - Wikipedia

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