1-Carboxyglutamic Acid
Warfarin
An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.
Vitamin K
A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
Heart Valve Prosthesis
Aortic Valve
Heart Valves
Undercarboxylation of recombinant prothrombin revealed by analysis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence. (1/185)
The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) content of several variants of human prothrombin has been measured by using capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). Both plasma-derived prothrombin and recombinant prothrombin contain ten residues of Gla per molecule of protein. In contrast, a variant of human prothrombin (containing the second kringle domain of bovine prothrombin) was separated into two populations that differed in their Gla content. Direct measurement of the Gla content showed an association with the presence or absence of the calcium-dependent conformational change that is required for prothombinase function. Thus, the CE-LIF assay is useful in determining the carboxylation status of recombinant proteins. (+info)A conotoxin from Conus textile with unusual posttranslational modifications reduces presynaptic Ca2+ influx. (2/185)
Cone snails are gastropod mollusks of the genus Conus that live in tropical marine habitats. They are predators that paralyze their prey by injection of venom containing a plethora of small, conformationally constrained peptides (conotoxins). We report the identification, characterization, and structure of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptide, conotoxin epsilon-TxIX, isolated from the venom of the molluscivorous cone snail, Conus textile. The disulfide bonding pattern of the four cysteine residues, an unparalleled degree of posttranslational processing including bromination, hydroxylation, and glycosylation define a family of conotoxins that may target presynaptic Ca2+ channels or act on G protein-coupled presynaptic receptors via another mechanism. This conotoxin selectively reduces neurotransmitter release at an Aplysia cholinergic synapse by reducing the presynaptic influx of Ca2+ in a slow and reversible fashion. The three-dimensional structure, determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy, identifies an electronegative patch created by the side chains of two gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues that extend outward from a cavernous cleft. The glycosylated threonine and hydroxylated proline enclose a localized hydrophobic region centered on the brominated tryptophan residue within the constrained intercysteine region. (+info)Calcium binding mode of gamma-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins. (3/185)
Conantokin-T (con-T) and conantokin-G (con-G) are two highly homologous peptide toxins found in Conus venom. The former is a 21-residue peptide with four gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues (at positions 3, 4, 10 and 14), while the latter is a 17-residue peptide with five gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (at positions 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). Despite the apparent similarity in number and relative positions of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, (113)Cd-NMR studies indicated a distinct metal binding behavior for con-G and con-T. There appears to be four binding sites in con-G in contrast to one metal binding site in con-T. To elucidate the mode of calcium binding by the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in these conantokins, we designed various analogous peptides with their gamma-carboxyglutamic acid replaced by other amino acid residues. (113)Cd-NMR experiments on conantokin analogues reveal that the major difference in the number of metal binding sites between con-G and con-T is due to the residue at position 7. We also performed molecular simulations to calculate the relative binding free energies of several potential binding sites. Based on our theoretical and experimental results, we propose a 'four-site' binding model for conantokin-G and a 'single-site' binding model for conantokin-T. (+info)Expression of the gene encoding the matrix gla protein by mature osteoblasts in human fracture non-unions. (4/185)
BACKGROUND: Osteoblast phenotypic abnormality, namely the expression of collagen type III, has been shown previously in fracture non-union woven bone. AIMS: To investigate osteoblasts from fracture non-unions for evidence of gene expression of non-collagenous bone matrix proteins that have been implicated in mineralisation, namely matrix gla protein (MGP), osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. MGP is a consistent component of bone matrix, but there are no reports of osteoblasts in the skeleton expressing the gene for MGP, and the site of synthesis of skeletal MGP (perhaps the liver) has yet to be determined. METHODS: Biopsies from normally healing human fractures and non-unions were examined by means of in situ hybridisation, using 35S labelled probes and autoradiography to disclose levels of gene expression. RESULTS: In normally healing fractures, mature osteoblasts on woven bone were negative for MGP mRNA, but positive for osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA molecules. In non-unions, osteoblasts displayed a novel phenotype: they were positive for MGP mRNA, in addition to osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin mRNA molecules. CONCLUSIONS: Mature osteoblasts in slowly healing fractures have an unusual phenotype: they express the gene encoding MGP, which indicates that control of osteoblast gene expression in non-unions is likely to be abnormal. This might be of importance in the pathogenesis of non-uniting human fractures, and is of current interest given the emerging status of MGP as an inhibitor of mineralisation. (+info)Matrix GLA protein is a developmental regulator of chondrocyte mineralization and, when constitutively expressed, blocks endochondral and intramembranous ossification in the limb. (5/185)
Matrix GLA protein (MGP), a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)-rich, vitamin K-dependent and apatite-binding protein, is a regulator of hypertrophic cartilage mineralization during development. However, MGP is produced by both hypertrophic and immature chondrocytes, suggesting that MGP's role in mineralization is cell stage-dependent, and that MGP may have other roles in immature cells. It is also unclear whether MGP regulates the quantity of mineral or mineral nature and quality as well. To address these issues, we determined the effects of manipulations of MGP synthesis and expression in (a) immature and hypertrophic chondrocyte cultures and (b) the chick limb bud in vivo. The two chondrocyte cultures displayed comparable levels of MGP gene expression. Yet, treatment with warfarin, a gamma-carboxylase inhibitor and vitamin K antagonist, triggered mineralization in hypertrophic but not immature cultures. Warfarin effects on mineralization were highly selective, were accompanied by no appreciable changes in MGP expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, or cell number, and were counteracted by vitamin K cotreatment. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray microanalysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that mineral forming in control and warfarin-treated hypertrophic cell cultures was similar and represented stoichiometric apatite. Virally driven MGP overexpression in cultured chondrocytes greatly decreased mineralization. Surprisingly, MGP overexpression in the developing limb not only inhibited cartilage mineralization, but also delayed chondrocyte maturation and blocked endochondral ossification and formation of a diaphyseal intramembranous bone collar. The results show that MGP is a powerful but developmentally regulated inhibitor of cartilage mineralization, controls mineral quantity but not type, and appears to have a previously unsuspected role in regulating chondrocyte maturation and ossification processes. (+info)Identification of organic phosphorus covalently bound to collagen and non-collagenous proteins of chicken-bone matrix. The presence of O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine in non-collagenous proteins, and their absence from phosporylated collagen. (6/185)
Non-collagenous phosphoproteins, almost all of which can be extracted in EDTA at neutral pH in the presence of proteinase inhibitors, are identified in the matrix of chicken bone, and are therefore not covalently bound to collagen. Similarly, all the peptides containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are present in the EDTA extract and none in the insoluble residue, confirming that none is covalently linked to chicken bone collagen. However, organic phosphorus is also found to be present in chicken bone collagen, principally in the alpha2-chains. Of the total protein-bound organic phosphorus present in chicken bone matrix, approx. 80% is associated with the non-collagenous proteins and 20% with collagen. The soluble non-collagenous proteins contain both O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine and these account for essentially of their organic phosphorus content. In contrast, collagen contains neither O-phosphoserine nor O-phosphothreonine. Indeed, no phosphorylated hydroxy amino acid, phosphoamidated amino acid or phosphorylated sugar could be identified in purified components of collagen, which contain approximately four to five atoms of organic phosphorus per molecule of collagen. Peptides containing organic phosphorus were isolated from partial acid hydrolysates and enzymic digests of purified collagen components, which contain an as-yet-unidentified cationic amino acid. These data, the very high concentrations of glutamic acid in the phosphorylated peptides, and the pH-stability of the organic phosphorus moiety in intact collagen chains strongly suggest that at least part of the organic phosphorus in collagen is present as phosphorylated glutamic acid. This would indicate that the two major chemically different protein fractions in chicken bone matrix that contain organic phosphorus may represent two distinct metabolic pools of organic phosphorus under separate biological control. (+info)Identification and purification of vitamin K-dependent proteins and peptides with monoclonal antibodies specific for gamma -carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues. (7/185)
Novel monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize gamma-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues in proteins and peptides have been produced. As demonstrated by Western blot and time-resolved immunofluorescence assays the antibodies are pan-specific for most or all of the Gla-containing proteins tested (factors VII, IX, and X, prothrombin, protein C, protein S, growth arrest-specific protein 6, bone Gla protein, conantokin G from a cone snail, and factor Xa-like proteins from snake venom). Only the Gla-containing light chain of the two-chain proteins was bound. Decarboxylation destroyed the epitope(s) on prothrombin fragment 1, and Ca(2+) strongly inhibited binding to prothrombin. In Western blot, immunofluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance assays the antibodies bound peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin that contained either a single Gla or a tandem pair of Gla residues. Binding was maintained when the sequence surrounding the Gla residue(s) was altered. Replacement of Gla with glutamic acid resulted in a complete loss of the epitope. The utility of the antibodies was demonstrated in immunochemical methods for detecting Gla-containing proteins and in the immunopurification of a factor Xa-like protein from tiger snake venom. The amino acid sequences of the Gla domain and portions of the heavy chain of the snake protein were determined. (+info)Sequence requirements for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist activity of conantokin-R. (8/185)
Conantokin-R (con-R), a gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing 27-residue peptide, is a natural peptide inhibitor of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype glutamate receptor. Synthetic analogs of con-R were generated to evaluate the importance of the individual structural elements of this peptide in its NMDA receptor antagonist activity, measured by inhibition of the spermine-enhanced binding of the NMDA receptor-specific channel blocker, [(3)H]MK-801, to rat brain membranes. Progressive C-terminal truncations of the 27-residue peptide revealed stages of severe activity loss. These occurred at con-R[1-11] and con-R[1-7], corresponding to the deletions of Leu(12)-Pro(27) and Met(8)-Pro(27) respectively. A second set of analogs featured single Ala substitutions in the fully active con-R[1-17] fragment. The replacement of Met(8) and Leu(12) by Ala resulted in approximate 20- and 55-fold decreases of inhibitor potency, respectively. In addition to these two residues, the only other positions where a single Ala substitution led to substantial losses (from 11-fold to >1000-fold) of activity were those of the first five N-terminal amino acids. Based on the above findings, the binding epitope of con-R was localized to the N-terminal turn of the helix and other residues on one face along two subsequent turns. This contribution pattern of the side chains in activity closely resembles the results obtained with another member of this peptide family, conantokin-T. The secondary structure and metal ion binding properties of the con-R variants were also evaluated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Divalent cation-dependent increases of alpha-helix content were observed in most analogs. However, analogs with replacement of Gla(11) and Gla(15), as well as truncation fragments shorter than 15 residues, lost the ability to be stabilized by metal ions. These results confirmed the location of the primary divalent cation binding locus at Gla(11) and Gla(15). Additional interactions were indicated by the reduced alpha-helix stability in the Ala analogs of Gla(4), Lys(7), and Arg(14). (+info)
Carboxyglutamic acid - Wikipedia
Matrix gla protein - Wikipedia
RCSB PDB
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Haematological · Part One
Conantokin
Rigby AC, Baleja JD, Li L, Pedersen LG, Furie BC, Furie B (December 1997). "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the calcium- ... It differs from Con-R mainly in the C-terminal amino acids and, like Con-R, it induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice, with ... a novel peptide antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor". Neuroscience Letters. 118 (2): 241-4. doi:10.1016/ ... 101 (1-2): 109-16. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00303-2. PMID 12507705. S2CID 25950992. Jimenez EC, Donevan S, Walker C, Zhou LM, ...
EGF-like domain
In factors VII, IX and X, the two cbEGF modules are preceded by an N-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) containing ... It comprises about 30 to 40 amino-acid residues and has been found in a large number of mostly animal proteins. Most ... β-Hydroxylation appears in hEGF- and cEGF-like domains, the former is hydroxylated on an aspartic acid while the latter is ... Multiple cbEGF domains are often connected by one or two amino acids to form larger, repetitive arrays, here referred to as ' ...
Factor IX
Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (Sep 1995). "Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ... Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the ... 14 Suppl 1: S59-64. doi:10.1097/00001721-200306001-00014. PMID 14567539. Du X (May 2007). "Signaling and regulation of the ... 9 (1): 18577. Bibcode:2019NatSR...918577S. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54976-4. PMC 6901466. PMID 31819097. Kurachi K, Davie EW (Nov ...
Thrombin
Deficiency of vitamin K or administration of the anticoagulant warfarin inhibits the production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... vitamin K-dependent reaction that converts 10-12 glutamic acids in the N terminus of the molecule to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... 32 Suppl 1: 3-15. doi:10.1055/s-2006-939550. PMID 16673262. Huber R, Bode W (1978-03-01). "Structural basis of the activation ... 209 (1): 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.03.016. PMID 19651065. Greenhalgh DG, Gamelli RL, Collins J, Sood R, Mozingo DW ...
Fetuin-B
2004). "Processing and transport of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in cultured ... 48 (1): 106-13. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.083. PMID 16797392. v t e (CS1: long volume value, Genes on human chromosome 3, All ... J. 376 (Pt 1): 135-45. doi:10.1042/BJ20030676. PMC 1223762. PMID 12943536. Wajih N, Borras T, Xue W, et al. ( ... "Carbohydrate binding properties of the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Glycoconj. J. 9 (6): 315 ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.125)
2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.275 - isoaspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.400 ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.427.300 - glutamic acid MeSH D12.125.481.100 - allylglycine MeSH D12.125.481.700 - n-substituted ... imino acids MeSH D12.125.072.401.200 - azetidinecarboxylic acid MeSH D12.125.072.401.623 - proline MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.270 ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ... muramic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562 - neuraminic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.562.668 - sialic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844. ...
Vitamin K antagonist
Synthesis Of Y-Carboxyglutamic Acid". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry. 8 (2): 191-223. doi:10.3109/10409238009105469. PMID ... For example, it is needed to carboxylate specific glutamic acid residues on prothrombin. Without these residues carboxylated, ... Warfarin (Coumadin) Coumatetralyl Phenprocoumon Acenocoumarol Dicoumarol Tioclomarol Brodifacoum Another group of VKAs are 1,3- ...
Carboxyglutamic acid
... (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post- ... In the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the γ-proton on glutamic acid is abstracted, and CO2 is subsequently added. The ... γ-Carboxyglutamic acid residues play an important role in coagulation. The high-affinity calcium binding sites in the GLA ... Then CO2 is added to the γ-carbon to form γ-carboxyglutamic acid. Fig. 1.[permanent dead link] A number of γ-carboxyglutamate ...
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Carboxyglutamic acid. Whereas glutamic acid possess one γ-carboxyl group, Carboxyglutamic acid possess two. Hydroxyproline. ... ic acid.) Most natural amino acids are α-amino acids in the L conformation, but some exceptions exist. Some non-α-amino acids ... and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are small subset of this group ... amino acids. Other amino acids are solely found in abiotic mixes (e.g. α-methylnorvaline). Over 30 unnatural amino acids have ...
Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase
Furie B, Bouchard BA, Furie BC (March 1999). "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid". Blood. 93 (6): ... 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction peptidyl-4- ...
Gla domain
Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (1995). "Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding ... Kulman JD, Harris JE, Xie L, Davie EW (February 2001). "Identification of two novel transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ... "Primary structure and tissue distribution of two novel proline-rich gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... The GLA domain binds calcium ions by chelating them between two carboxylic acid residues. These residues are part of a region ...
Protein C
Esmon NL, DeBault LE, Esmon CT (May 1983). "Proteolytic formation and properties of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless ... 5) Multiple proteolytic cleavages of the polypeptide backbone to remove an 18 amino acid signal peptide, a 24 amino acid ... Inactive protein C comprises 419 amino acids in multiple domains:: 2383 one Gla domain (residues 43-88); a helical aromatic ... a 32 amino acid N-terminus signal peptide preceding a propeptide.: S11 Protein C is formed when a dipeptide of Lys198 and ...
1978 in science
M. L. (1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in developing chick bone". ... 36 (1): 92-106. Bibcode:1978Icar...36...92F. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(78)90076-3. Rivest, R.; Shamir, A.; Adleman, L. (1978). "A ... November 1 - Helen Czerski, English physicist and science populariser. January 14 - Kurt Gödel (b. 1906), American ...
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
... while simultaneously adding CO2 to protein-bound glutamic acid (abbreviation = Glu) to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (also ... 54 (1): 459-77. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.002331. PMID 3896125. Presnell SR, Stafford DW (2002). "The vitamin K- ... 25 (1): 127-49. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092713. PMID 16011462. Zhang B, Ginsburg D (September 2004). "Familial ... ISBN 0-12-183492-1. glutamyl+carboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article ...
Prothrombinase
The light chain contains an N-terminal γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain (Gla domain) and two epidermal growth factor-like domains ... In Factor V Leiden, a G1691A nucleotide replacement results in an R506Q amino acid mutation. Factor V Leiden increases the risk ... "Complete cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human factor V". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 4846-50. Bibcode: ... Meizothrombin contains fragment 1•2 A chain linked to the B chain by a disulfide bond. Subsequent cleavage of meizothrombin by ...
Osteocalcin
... , also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) ... Hauschka PV, Reid ML (August 1978). "Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in ... 396 (1-2): 66-9. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.001. PMID 18657532. Ba Y, Huang H, Yang Y, Cui L, Zhu J, Zhu C, et al. (November ... 382 (1): 521-526. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.008. PMC 3850748. PMID 24145129. Obri A, Khrimian L, Karsenty G, Oury F (March 2018 ...
Vitamin K2
... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins).[8] ... 1 (6): e000638. doi:10.3945/cdn.117.000638. PMC 5998353. PMID 29955705.. *^ a b c d e f g Rhéaume-Bleue, Kate (August 27, 2013 ... Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration.[32] ...
GAS6
... is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain-containing protein thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell ... It is similar to the Protein S with the same domain organization and 43% amino acid identity. It was originally found as a gene ... 30 (1): 129-31. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0027. PMID 8595896. Li R, Chen J, Hammonds G, Phillips H, Armanini M, Wood P, Bunge R, ... 415 (1): 59-63. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01093-4. PMID 9326369. Nakano T, Ishimoto Y, Kishino J, Umeda M, Inoue K, Nagata K, ...
Vitamin K2
... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). Carboxylation of these ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration. Vitamin K Vitamin K1 ... Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... 1570 (1): 27-32. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00147-2. PMID 11960685. Hofbauer LC, Brueck CC, Shanahan CM, Schoppet M, Dobnig H ( ...
SCOPe 2.08: Species: Pig (Sus scrofa) [TaxId: 9823]
gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid-rich domain. *. Family g.32.1.1: GLA-domain [57631] (7 proteins). heterogeneous fold; applies to ... Nucleic Acids Research 42:D304-309. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1240. Chandonia JM, Guan L, Lin S, Yu C, Fox NK, Brenner SE. 2022. ... Nucleic Acids Research 50:D553-559. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab1054. (citing information) Copyright © 1994-2022 The SCOP and SCOPe ... Timeline for Species Pig (Sus scrofa) [TaxId:9823] from g.32.1.1 Osteocalcin: *Species Pig (Sus scrofa) [TaxId:9823] from g. ...
Protein S deficiency: a clinical perspective - Blood Clots
GLA, γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain; AS, aromatic stack domain; TSR, thrombin sensitive region domain; EGF, epidermal growth ... A frequently encountered amino acid substitution is the PS Heerlen polymorphism, with a prevalence of 0.52% in the general ... and mature PS consists of 635 amino acids. Only recently, the PROS1 promoter has been characterized [19]. A minimal PROS1 ... 1. PROS1 messenger RNA (mRNA) (a) with corresponding protein S (PS) domains (b). (a) mRNA encoding protein S. Ex indicates exon ...
DailyMed - WARFARIN SODIUM tablet
Vitamin K promotes the biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the proteins that are essential for biological ... celecoxib, diclofenac, diflunisal, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid, naproxen, ... Table 1: Three Ranges of Expected Maintenance Warfarin Sodium Tablets Daily Doses Based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Genotypes† VKORC1 ... The 1 mg also contains FD&C red no. 40. The 2 mg also contains FD&C blue no. 2 aluminum lake and FD&C red no. 40 aluminum lake ...
Osteocalcin Antibody (190125) (MAB1419): Novus Biologicals
Warfarin
The vitamin promotes the biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in these proteins which are essential for ... The vitamin promotes the biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in these proteins which are essential for ... Fibric Acid Antabuse Uric Acid Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Cor Pulmonale Fecal Occult Blood Migraine Headache ... Tranexamic Acid Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease Transfusion ...
Carla Alexandra São Bento Viegas | - CCMAR
Evolution of matrix and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins in vertebrates. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(29):26659-68. doi: ... 2005) Evolution of matrix and bone gamma -carboxyglutamic acid proteins in vertebrates. J Biol Chem. July; 280(29):26659-68. ... Evolution of matrix and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins in vertebrates. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005;280(29): ... 2005). "Conserved Features of Matrix and Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid Proteins in Vertebrates - An Evolutionary Point of ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
miRNA Details | Therapeutic Target Database
Transmembrane gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 1. Regulated Protein. TMG1_HUMAN [56] Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Nov;37(20):e137. REF 38. A novel role of microRNA 17-5p in the modulation of circadian rhythm.Sci Rep. ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Nov;37(20):e137. REF 14. Upregulation of the miR-17-92 cluster and its two paraloga in osteosarcoma - ... Both mature miR-17-5p and passenger strand miR-17-3p target TIMP3 and induce prostate tumor growth and invasion.Nucleic Acids ...
DeCS
3-propanetricarboxylic Acid gamma Carboxyglutamic Acid gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid gamma-Carboxyglutamate - Narrower Concept UI ... gamma Carboxyglutamic Acid. gamma-Carboxyglutamate. gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid. Tree number(s):. D02.241.081.901.400. D12.125. ... 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid - Preferred Concept UI. M0023166. Scope note. Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood- ... ácido 1-carboxiglutámico. Entry term(s). carboxiglutamato gamma carboxiglutamato-gamma gamma carboxiglutamato gamma- ...
Glutamic Acid (Glu/E) < Proteinogenic Amino Acids (Canonical Amino Acids) << Amino Acids <<< Amino Acids and derivatives @...
... is an excitatory proteinogenic amino acid that may be interconverted to glutamine ... "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the binding of factor IXa to platelets and in factor-X activation" Blood. 1992 ... Amino Acids and derivatives. ⌊Amino Acids. ⌊Proteinogenic Amino Acids (Canonical Amino Acids). ⌊Glutamic Acid (Glu/E) ... Glutamic Acid (Glu/E) "Glutamic Acid and derivatives" Glutamic Acids. In organic chemistry, Glutamic acid and derivatives are ...
NHANES 1999-2000: Dietary Supplement Use 30-Day - File 1, Supplement Counts Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
a residue of an amino acid (e.g. (-carboxyglutamic acid also known as GLA) - as a complex of amino acids (e.g. natural amino ... AMINO ACIDS An ingredient is classified as an amino acid if it is an essential or nonessential amino acid. It can exist in: - ... An ingredient would not be classified as amino acid but as "Other" if it is: - an alpha-keto acid (an amino acid with its amino ... Aspartic Acid Leucine Threonine Theanine Cysteine Lysine Tryptophan SAM-e Glutamic Acid Methionine Tyrosine N-acetyl-cysteine ...
Dietary calcium requirements of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age | Journal of Animal...
A total of 420 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments with 6 replicates (10 birds per ... to meet all of the Ca metabolisms and bone development of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days ... so as to estimate dietary Ca requirements of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. ... Vitamin K dependence of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in chicken bone. J Biol Chem. 1978;253( ...
A Draft: Pathologic and Cardiovascular Calcification in Relation to Aging (2008-2010)
25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates the synthesis of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein by osteosarcoma cells. Mutually ... Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1998 Sep;59(3):221-7.. Ectopic calcification of rat aortas and kidneys is reduced ... In theory vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid could exert modest effects via homocysteine metabolism [VanCampenhout2009]. While ... Catheters can be used to deliver various substances: First, physiochemical inhibitors e.g. acids, crystallisation inhibitors, ...
Warfarin-induced vasculopathy. | [email protected]
Vitamin K2 - Wikipedia
... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins).[8] ... Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration.[32] ...
Fluoride Action Network | The case for eliminating the use of dietary fluoride supplements among young children.
... carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGLAP), secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and matrix ... As estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), bone ?- ... These patients may develop skeletal fluorosis even at 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water. ...
Glutamates | Profiles RNS
Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that ... A phase 1 study of TRC102, an inhibitor of base excision repair, and pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest ... administered 1 day after pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) every 21 days in patients with cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2013 Feb; 31(1):136-44 ...
Factor IX - wikidoc
1cfh: STRUCTURE OF THE METAL-FREE GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID-RICH MEMBRANE BINDING REGION OF FACTOR IX BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR ... Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD (Sep 1995). "Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich ... 1cfi: NMR STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM ION-BOUND GAMMA-CARBOXY-GLUTAMIC ACID-RICH DOMAIN OF FACTOR IX ... Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the ...
Find Research outputs
- [email protected]
γ-carboxyglutamic acid distribution. Zytkovicz, T. H. & Nelsestuen, G. L., Sep 24 1976, In: BBA - General Subjects. 444, 2, p. ... Dunlop, P. C., Roon, R. J. & Even, H. L., Dec 1 1976, In: Journal of Bacteriology. 125, 3, p. 999-1004 6 p.. Research output: ... Buselmeier, T. J., Simmons, R. L., Najarian, J. S., Mauer, S. M., Matas, A. J. & Kjellstrand, C. M., Dec 1 1976, In: Nephron. ... Bruch, L. W., Cohen, P. I. & Webb, M. B., Sep 1976, In: Surface Science. 59, 1, p. 1-16 16 p.. Research output: Contribution to ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I) Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex, Type II D5.500.562.437.500 D5.500.562.444 ... D8.811.641.249 Acid-Base Equilibrium G7.700.360.110 G7.700.345.110 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride D1.29.260.700.675.374.25 ... D12.125.119.409 Glutamic Acid D12.125.67.750 D12.125.67.625.349 D12.125.119.450 D12.125.119.409.349 Glycerol-3-Phosphate ... Replaced for 2013 by Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II) Fatty Liver, Alcoholic C25.100.87.645.390 C25.775.100.87.645.390 Feedback, ...
Publicações | - CCMAR
Evolution of matrix and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins in vertebrates. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(29):26659-68. doi: ... 2015;566(1):54-62. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.022. Simões B, Conceição N, Matias AC, Bragança J, Kelsh RN, M. Cancela L. ... 2006;126(1):89-101. doi:10.1007/s00418-005-0125-6. Simões B, Conceição N, Viegas CSB, et al. Identification of a promoter ... 2007;148(1):32-43. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.015. Martins RST, Deloffre LAM, Mylonas CC, Power DM, Canario AVM. Developmental ...
Ferritin - a multifaceted protein scaffold for biotherapeutics | Experimental & Molecular Medicine
used γ-carboxyglutamic acid of protein C (PC-Gla) and thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) to treat acute inflammatory ... A double-chambered protein nanocage loaded with thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid of ... Design of PD-1-decorated nanocages targeting tumor-draining lymph node for promoting T cell activation. J. Control. Rel. 333, ... 1). The overall aim is to present a short list of the most interesting current and recent approaches to using ferritin in ...
Vitamin K and Osteoporosis | Natural Medicine Journal
Changes in serum osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, and urinary gamma- carboxyglutamic acid in response to altered intakes of ... Changes in serum osteocalcin, plasma phylloquinone, and urinary gamma- carboxyglutamic acid in response to altered intakes of ... residues to gamma carboxyglutamic acid in vitamin K dependent proteins. This reaction allows the protein to bind calcium ions ... In general, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for the enzyme carboxylase, which catalyzes carboxylation of glutamic acid(Glu) ...
Purpura Fulminans: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
Characterization of protein S, a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein from bovine and human plasma. Biochemistry. 1979 ... patients with purpura fulminans require meticulous fluid management and may quickly develop electrolyte derangements and acid- ... 1] It may be classified as (1) neonatal, (2) idiopathic, or (3) acute infectious. Laboratory studies are the primary diagnostic ... ATIII deficiency is found in approximately 1 in 2000-5000 individuals. All family members should be tested if the family has a ...
Gamma-carboxygluta2
- Alternate names: bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein, BGLAP. (takarabio.com)
- Osteocalcin the major gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein of vertebrate bone has been purified from the bones of a specimen of Pachyornis elephantopus, a species of the extinct class of New Zealand ratite birds, the moas. (garvan.org.au)
Residues8
- Rawala-Sheikh R. et al "Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the binding of factor IXa to platelets and in factor-X activation" Blood. (wellnessadvantage.com)
- Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K 2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K 1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4 which is Water Soluble in nature. (wikipedia.org)
- METHODS AND METHODS: CT-001 has 4 N-glycans (T106N/N145/V253N/N322) with terminal sialic acid residues removed to promote active clearance via the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and P10Q/K32E substitutions introduced to its gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain for enhanced phospholipid affinity and activity. (bvsalud.org)
- The enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, in the presence of vitamin K, converts the glutamic acid residues to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. (medscape.com)
- These gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues are necessary for the binding of prothrombin to phospholipids on platelet membranes. (medscape.com)
- Annotation note 06 - For cross-link modifications, the number following 'Cross-link' in the comment record indicates the number of amino acid residues that appear in the origin record, used to check the difference formula and masses. (githubusercontent.com)
- M171) was raised against human osteocalcin peptide and specifically recognizes human osteocalcin with decarboxylated glutamic acid residues. (takarabio.com)
- M184) was obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cell-line P3U1 with C57BL6 mouse spleen cells following immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugated to human osteocalcin peptide (amino acid residues 1-6). (takarabio.com)
Protein6
- In our body, 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid , an acidic dicarboxylic amino acid and a tricarboxylic acid , is a glutamic acid (GLU) derivative, found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including Prothrombin , in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications. (wellnessadvantage.com)
- In protein science, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid as a type of imino acid is a cyclized derivative of l-glutamic acid. (wellnessadvantage.com)
- This recombinant protein (r-Antidote, PRT064445) is catalytically inactive and lacks the membrane-binding γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of native fXa but retains the ability of native fXa to bind direct fXa inhibitors as well as low molecular weight heparin-activated antithrombin III (ATIII). (nih.gov)
- Our recent studies showed that FVIIa binds endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) and induces protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated biased signaling. (bvsalud.org)
- A lack of calcification inhibitory factors (e.g. matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein, pyrophosphate, fetuin-A, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin) also plays a role in the imbalance between osteogenic and osteoclastic mechanisms. (icrjournal.com)
- This calcification is caused by high concentration of calcium and phosphate that can be reduced by specific protein known as Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP). (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Proteins2
- K vitamins play an essential role as cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is involved in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of the gla domain in "Gla proteins" (i.e., in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). (wikipedia.org)
- it is needed for the conversion of 10-12 glutamic acid residue on the NH 2 -terminal of precursor coagulation proteins into the action form of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (which occurs via VK-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase). (medscape.com)
Osteocalcin3
- This coated plate contains a monoclonal antibody that distinguishes human from bovine osteocalcin via their amino acid differences at positions 3 and 4 in the N-terminus. (takarabio.com)
- This kit is designed to precisely differentiate bovine and human osteocalcins, using a capture antibody-coated plate with a human osteocalcin-specific monoclonal antibody that recognizes the distinct difference in the amino acids at positions 3 and 4 from the N-terminus. (takarabio.com)
- This monoclonal antibody was obtained by fusing the mouse myeloma cell-line P3U1 with spleen cells of C57BL6 mouse after immunization with KLH-conjugated peptide from human osteocalcin sequence (amino acids 1-6 YLYQWL). (takarabio.com)
Acidic1
- In our body, the non-essential proteinogenic excitatory amino acid , Glutamic Acid (GLU/E) , an acidic amino acid and an dicarboxylic amino acid , that maybe interconverted to glutamine (l-glutamine) . (wellnessadvantage.com)
Bone5
- Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary Ca level on growth performance, serum parameters, bone characteristics and Ca metabolism-related gene expressions, so as to estimate dietary Ca requirements of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results from the present study indicate that the Ca requirements would be about 0.60% to obtain the best growth rate, and 1.00% to meet all of the Ca metabolisms and bone development of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calcium (Ca) is an essential mineral element, and plays an important role in many biological processes, such as enzyme activation, intracellular signaling, acid-base balance and bone mineralization [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, the starter phase (1 to 21 d) is a critical period for bone development of broilers. (biomedcentral.com)
- Ideally, prevention of bone loss through nutritional repletion would begin prior to a person's age of peak bone mass at 18-24 years old, as higher peak mass provides protection from later osteoporosis.3 For those beyond peak bone mass years, age-related bone density decline is expected to be 0.5-1% annually, with an increase to 2-3% in postmenopausal women. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Tissues2
- In our body, Formiminoglutamic Acid (FIGLU) , an intermediate metabolite, in the intermediate step in the catabolic metabolism of the amino acid l-histidine to l-glutamic acid (glutamate) in our tissues. (wellnessadvantage.com)
- It is known that production of MK-4 from dietary plant vitamin K 1 can be accomplished by animal tissues alone, as it proceeds in germ-free rodents. (wikipedia.org)
Calcification2
Tranexamic2
- Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the perioperative risk of bleeding. (wikidoc.org)
- this did not change with addition of tranexamic acid and/or fibrinogen concentrate. (bvsalud.org)
Phylloquinone4
- Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone ( MK ) ( / ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n / ) is one of three types of vitamin K , the other two being vitamin K 1 ( phylloquinone ) and K 3 ( menadione ). (wikipedia.org)
- MK-7 may be converted from phylloquinone (K 1 ) in the colon by Escherichia coli bacteria . (wikipedia.org)
- Both phylloquinone and menaquinones have a 2-methyl-1,4 napthoquinone ring backbone with an isoprenoid side chain at the C3 position (Figure 1). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- Food concentration of phylloquinone is highest in plants, especially leafy greens, with a lower concentration found in meats, cheeses, fruits and bread (Table 1). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Vitamin6
- 1 ] identified another new vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. (stoptheclot.org)
- Furie B. et al "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid" Blood. (wellnessadvantage.com)
- K 2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K 1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common in the human diet is the short-chain, water-soluble menatetrenone (MK-4), which is usually produced by tissue and/or bacterial conversion of vitamin K 1 , and is commonly found in animal products. (wikipedia.org)
- This homolog of vitamin K 2 may have enzyme functions distinct from those of vitamin K 1 . (wikipedia.org)
- The mechanism of action of vitamin K 2 is similar to vitamin K 1 . (wikipedia.org)
Deficiency1
- Although PS deficiency is uncommon in the general population, it is found in approximately 2% of unselected patients and 1-13% of thrombophilic patients with VTE respectively [ 8,9 ]. (stoptheclot.org)
Dietary2
- They are shown a hand card that lists examples of dietary supplements (Appendix 1: Handcard DSQ1). (cdc.gov)
- If a healthy person is subject to a complete dietary absence of VK, his/her VK reserve is adequate for 1 week. (medscape.com)
Bacteria1
- [ 1 ] VK is also synthesized by colonic bacteria. (medscape.com)
Entry1
- Annotation note 02 - When an entry in the RESID Database is annotated with different sources because the same modification can arise from different encoded amino acids, then the PSI-MOD definition for each different source instance carries the RESID cross-reference followed by a hash symbol '#' and a 3 or 4 character label. (githubusercontent.com)
Studies1
- The results were confirmed by 1 H NMR and 31 P NMR studies. (researchgate.net)
Patients3
- A phase 1 study of TRC102, an inhibitor of base excision repair, and pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors. (umassmed.edu)
- 1 Coronary angiography opened the possibility of expanding these observations to living patients and offered revascularisation options. (icrjournal.com)
- For HBeAg-positive patients, there were significant declines in qHBsAg level between baseline and 3M, 12 and 24M (P=0.0281), and 36 and 48M (P=0.01 1 6). (pdk1signal.com)
Month1
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. (novusbio.com)
Total1
- A total of 420 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments with 6 replicates (10 birds per cage) and fed the corn-soybean meal diets containing 0.60%, 0.70%, 0.80%, 0.90%, 1.00%, 1.10% or 1.20% Ca for 21 days. (biomedcentral.com)
Formation1
- In the body, the metabolism of Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) can result in the formation of GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) . (wellnessadvantage.com)