1 acylglycerol 3 phosphate o acyltransferase. Medical search

GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.

An enzyme that catalyses the last step of the TRIACYLGLYCEROL synthesis reaction in which diacylglycerol is covalently joined to LONG-CHAIN ACYL COA to form triglyceride. It was formerly categorized as EC 2.3.1.124.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that facilitates the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent removal from peripheral tissues to the liver. This defect results in low HDL-cholesterol level in blood and accumulation of free cholesterol in tissue leading to a triad of CORNEAL OPACITY, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), and PROTEINURIA.

An enzyme localized predominantly within the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. It catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids, preferentially unsaturated fatty acids, to lysophosphatides with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine and CoA. EC 2.3.1.23.

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of ACYL COA to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This enzyme has alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

An ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE. Several types of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase exist including phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating varieties and ones that transfer hydrogen to NADP and ones that transfer hydrogen to NAD.

An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.

The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.

Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the O subfamily of Escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. A strain from this serogroup, serotype H7, which produces SHIGA TOXINS, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods by E. coli O157 from bovine origin.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of acyl COENZYME A to RETINOL to generate COENZYME A and a retinyl ester.

A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

An oxidative decarboxylation process that converts GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE to D-ribose-5-phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate. The pentose product is used in the biosynthesis of NUCLEIC ACIDS. The generated energy is stored in the form of NADPH. This pathway is prominent in tissues which are active in the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS and STEROIDS.

Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A mitosporic fungal species used in the production of penicillin.

Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and thereby mediate the transport of activated fatty acids through that membrane. EC 2.3.1.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Membrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of phosphate.

This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An enzyme that transfers methyl groups from O(6)-methylguanine, and other methylated moieties of DNA, to a cysteine residue in itself, thus repairing alkylated DNA in a single-step reaction. EC 2.1.1.63.

An aldose-ketose isomerase that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms it plays an essential role in glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. In mammalian systems the enzyme is found in the cytoplasm and as a secreted protein. This secreted form of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase has been referred to as autocrine motility factor or neuroleukin, and acts as a cytokine which binds to the AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR RECEPTOR. Deficiency of the enzyme in humans is an autosomal recessive trait, which results in CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

GLYCEROL esterified with a single acyl (FATTY ACIDS) chain.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Conditions with abnormally low levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins); BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low-density lipoproteins); and PREBETA-LIPOPROTEINS (very-low-density lipoproteins).

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.

An amino alcohol with a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Sphingosine and its derivative sphinganine are the major bases of the sphingolipids in mammals. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.

The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.

A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.

Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.

Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety.

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzyme catalyzing reversibly the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA or other long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds to yield CoA and palmitate or other acyl esters. The enzyme is involved in the esterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. EC 3.1.2.2.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group is cleaved at a C-C bond to produce two smaller molecules (ALDEHYDES or KETONES). EC 4.1.2.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

A subfamily of lysophospholipid receptors with specificity for LYSOSPHINGOLIPIDS such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine phosphorylcholine.

A receptor that is specific for IGF-II and mannose-6-phosphate. The receptor is a 250-kDa single chain polypeptide which is unrelated in structure to the type 1 IGF receptor (RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1) and does not have a tyrosine kinase domain.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate plus GLUTAMINE from GLUTAMATE plus glucosamine-6-phosphate.

Phosphoric acid esters of mannose.

Phosphoric or pyrophosphoric acid esters of polyisoprenoids.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.

Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

An abnormal lipoprotein present in large amounts in patients with obstructive liver diseases such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. LP-X derives from the reflux of BILE lipoproteins into the bloodstream. LP-X is a low-density lipoprotein rich in free CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS but poor in TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; and protein.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A phosphomonoesterase involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerols. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidates with the formation of diacylglycerols and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.4.

Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

Salts and esters of the 16-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--palmitic acid.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of UDPgalactose from UTP and galactose-1-phosphate. It is present in low levels in fetal and infant liver, but increases with age, thereby enabling galactosemic infants who survive to develop the capacity to metabolize galactose. EC 2.7.7.10.

Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldose and ketose compounds.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.

A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) It counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules.

A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of myo-inositol-1-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 5.5.1.4.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

An NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase found in the cytosol of eucaryotes. It catalyses the dehydrogenation and phosphorylation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE to 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, which is an important step in the GLYCOLYSIS pathway.

Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol. They occur primarily in mitochondrial inner membranes and in bacterial plasma membranes. They are the main antigenic components of the Wassermann-type antigen that is used in nontreponemal SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mortierellaceae, order MUCORALES. Its species are abundant in soil and can cause rare infections in humans and animals. Mortierella alpinais is used for production of arachidonic acid.

A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A family of symporters that facilitate sodium-dependent membrane transport of phosphate.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.

A plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from oilseed rape. (1/111)

The biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lipids, is controlled by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, or 1-acyl-glycerol-3-P) acyltransferase (LPAAT, EC 2.3.1.51). We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel LPAAT by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli mutant plsC with an immature embryo cDNA library of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Transformation of the acyltransferase-deficient E. coli strain JC201 with the cDNA sequence BAT2 alleviated the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the plsC mutant and conferred a palmitoyl-coenzyme A-preferring acyltransferase activity to membrane fractions. The BAT2 cDNA encoded a protein of 351 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38 kD and an isoelectric point of 9.7. Chloroplast-import experiments showed processing of a BAT2 precursor protein to a mature protein of approximately 32 kD, which was localized in the membrane fraction. BAT2 is encoded by a minimum of two genes that may be expressed ubiquitously. These data are consistent with the identity of BAT2 as the plastidial enzyme of the prokaryotic glycerol-3-P pathway that uses a palmitoyl-ACP to produce phosphatidic acid with a prokaryotic-type acyl composition. The homologies between the deduced protein sequence of BAT2 with prokaryotic and eukaryotic microsomal LAP acytransferases suggest that seed microsomal forms may have evolved from the plastidial enzyme. (+info)

Overexpression of 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-alpha enhances lipid storage in cellular models of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (2/111)

Plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) at elevated concentrations antagonize insulin action and thus may play a critical role in the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Plasma NEFA and glucose concentrations are regulated, in part, by their uptake into peripheral tissues. Cellular energy uptake can be increased by enhancing either energy transport or metabolism. The effects of overexpression of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGAT)-alpha, which catalyzes the second step in triglyceride formation from glycerol-3-phosphate, was studied in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. In myotubes, overexpression of AGAT-alpha did not affect total [14C]glucose uptake in the presence or absence of insulin, whereas insulin-stimulated [14C]glucose conversion to cellular lipids increased significantly (33%, P = 0.004) with a concomitant decrease (-30%, P = 0.005) in glycogen formation. [3H]oleic acid (OA) uptake in AGAT-overexpressing myotubes increased 34% (P = 0.027) upon insulin stimulation. AGAT-alpha overexpression in adipocytes increased basal (130%, P = 0.04) and insulin-stimulated (27%, P = 0.01) [3H]OA uptake, increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (56%, P = 0.04) and conversion to cellular lipids (85%, P = 0.007), and suppressed basal (-44%, P = 0.01) and isoproterenol-stimulated OA release (-45%, P = 0.03) but not glycerol release. Our data indicate that an increase in metabolic flow to triglyceride synthesis can inhibit NEFA release, increase NEFA uptake, and promote insulin-mediated glucose utilization in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In myotubes, however, AGAT-alpha overexpression does not increase basal cellular energy uptake, but can enhance NEFA uptake and divert glucose from glycogen synthesis to lipogenesis upon insulin stimulation. (+info)

Mutations in CGI-58, the gene encoding a new protein of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily, in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. (3/111)

Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare autosomal recessive form of nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) that is characterized by the presence of intracellular lipid droplets in most tissues. We previously localized a gene for a subset of NCIE to chromosome 3 (designated "the NCIE2 locus"), in six families. Lipid droplets were found in five of these six families, suggesting a diagnosis of CDS. Four additional families selected on the basis of a confirmed diagnosis of CDS also showed linkage to the NCIE2 locus. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis of these families, all from the Mediterranean basin, allowed us to refine the NCIE2 locus to an approximately 1.3-Mb region. Candidate genes from the interval were screened, and eight distinct mutations in the recently identified CGI-58 gene were found in 13 patients from these nine families. The spectrum of gene variants included insertion, deletion, splice-site, and point mutations. The CGI-58 protein belongs to a large family of proteins characterized by an alpha/beta hydrolase fold. CGI-58 contains three sequence motifs that correspond to a catalytic triad found in the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily. Interestingly, CGI-58 differs from other members of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily in that its putative catalytic triad contains an asparagine in place of the usual serine residue. (+info)

Exploration of novel motifs derived from mouse cDNA sequences. (4/111)

We performed a systematic maximum density subgraph (MDS) detection of conserved sequence regions to discover new, biologically relevant motifs from a set of 21,050 conceptually translated mouse cDNA (FANTOM1) sequences. A total of 3202 candidate sequences, which shared similar regions over >20 amino acid residues, were screened against known conserved regions listed in Pfam, ProDom, and InterPro. The filtering procedure resulted in 139 FANTOM1 sequences belonging to 49 new motif candidates. Using annotations and multiple sequence alignment information, we removed by visual inspection 42 candidates whose members were found to be false positives because of sequence redundancy, alternative splicing, low complexity, transcribed retroviral repeat elements contained in the region of the predicted open reading frame, and reports in the literature. The remaining seven motifs have been expanded by hidden Markov model (HMM) profile searches of SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL from 28 FANTOM1 sequences to 164 members and analyzed in detail on sequence and structure level to elucidate the possible functions of motifs and members. The novel and conserved motif MDS00105 is specific for the mammalian inhibitor of growth (ING) family. Three submotifs MDS00105.1-3 are specific for ING1/ING1L, ING1-homolog, and ING3 subfamilies. The motif MDS00105 together with a PHD finger domain constitutes a module for ING proteins. Structural motif MDS00113 represents a leucine zipper-like motif. Conserved motif MDS00145 is a novel 1-acyl-SN-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) submotif containing a transmembrane domain that distinguishes AGPAT3 and AGPAT4 from all other acyltransferase domain-containing proteins. Functional motif MDS00148 overlaps with the kazal-type serine protease inhibitor domain but has been detected only in an extracellular loop region of solute carrier 21 (SLC21) (organic anion transporters) family members, which may regulate the specificity of anion uptake. Our motif discovery not only aided in the functional characterization of new mouse orthologs for potential drug targets but also allowed us to predict that at least 16 other new motifs are waiting to be discovered from the current SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL database. (+info)

Limnanthes douglasii lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases: immunological quantification, acyl selectivity and functional replacement of the Escherichia coli plsC gene. (5/111)

Antibodies were raised against the two membrane-bound lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) enzymes from Limnanthes douglasii (meadowfoam), LAT1 and LAT2, using the predicted soluble portion of each protein as recombinant protein antigens. The antibodies can distinguish between the two acyltransferase proteins and demonstrate that both migrate in an anomalous fashion on SDS/PAGE gels. The antibodies were used to determine that LAT1 is present in both leaf and developing seeds, whereas LAT2 is only detectable in developing seeds later than 22 daf (days after flowering). Both proteins were found exclusively in microsomal fractions and their amount was determined using the recombinant antigens as quantification standards. LAT1 is present at a level of 27 pg/microg of membrane protein in leaf tissue and +info)

Prevalence of mutations in AGPAT2 among human lipodystrophies. (6/111)

Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a heterogeneous genetic disease characterized by near absence of adipose tissue and severe insulin resistance. We have previously identified mutations in the seipin gene in a subset of our patients' cohort. Recently, disease-causing mutations in AGPAT2 have been reported in BSCL patients. In this study, we have performed mutation screening in AGPAT2 and the related AGPAT1 in patients with BSCL or other forms of lipodystrophy who have no detectable mutation in the seipin gene. We found 38 BSCL patients from 30 families with mutations in AGPAT2. Three of the known mutations were frequently found in our families. Of the eight new alterations, six are null mutations and two are missense mutations (Glu172Lys and Ala238Gly). All the patients harboring AGPAT2 mutations presented with typical features of BSCL. We did not find mutations in patients with other forms of lipodystrophies, including the syndromes of Lawrence, Dunnigan, and Barraquer-Simons, or with type A insulin resistance. In conclusion, mutations in the seipin gene and AGPAT2 are confined to the BSCL phenotype. Because we found mutations in 92 of the 94 BSCL patients studied, the seipin gene and AGPAT2 are the two major genes involved in the etiology of BSCL. (+info)

Truncation of CGI-58 protein causes malformation of lamellar granules resulting in ichthyosis in Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. (7/111)

Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited lipid storage disease characterized by ichthyosis, leukocyte lipid vacuoles, and involvement of several internal organs. Recently, CGI-58 mutations were identified as the cause of Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. The physiologic roles of the CGI-58 protein and the pathomechanisms of Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome still remain to be clarified, however. The patient, a 16-y-old male, demonstrated ichthyosis, small ears, lipid vacuoles in his leukocytes, liver dysfunction, and mental retardation. Sequencing of CGI-58 revealed that the patient was homozygous for a novel nonsense mutation R184X, in exon 4. The putative truncated protein was 52.4% of the length of the normal CGI-58 polypeptide and lacked approximately 60% of the lipid binding region, 66.4% of the alpha/beta hydrolase folding segment of the polypeptide, and two of the CGI-58 catalytic triads, resulting in a significant loss of lipase/esterase/thioesterase activity. Electron microscopy revealed a large number of abnormal lamellar granules, a disturbed intercellular lamellar structure, and lipid vacuoles in the epidermis. These results suggested that CGI-58 protein is involved in the lipid metabolism of lamellar granules and that defective lipid production in lamellar granules caused by a CGI-58 protein deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis in Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. (+info)

CGI-58 interacts with perilipin and is localized to lipid droplets. Possible involvement of CGI-58 mislocalization in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. (8/111)

Lipid droplets (LDs) are a class of ubiquitous cellular organelles that are involved in lipid storage and metabolism. Although the mechanisms of the biogenesis of LDs are still unclear, a set of proteins called the PAT domain family have been characterized as factors associating with LDs. Perilipin, a member of this family, is expressed exclusively in the adipose tissue and regulates the breakdown of triacylglycerol in LDs via its phosphorylation. In this study, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to examine the potential function of perilipin. We found direct interaction between perilipin and CGI-58, a deficiency of which correlated with the pathogenesis of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS). Endogenous CGI-58 was distributed predominantly on the surface of LDs in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, and its expression increased during adipocyte differentiation. Overexpressed CGI-58 tagged with GFP gathered at the surface of LDs and colocalized with perilipin. This interaction seems physiologically important because CGI-58 mutants carrying an amino acid substitution identical to that found in CDS lost the ability to be recruited to LDs. These mutations significantly weakened the binding of CGI-58 with perilipin, indicating that the loss of this interaction is involved in the etiology of CDS. Furthermore, we identified CGI-58 as a binding partner of ADRP, another PAT domain protein expressed ubiquitously, by yeast two-hybrid assay. GFP-CGI-58 expressed in non-differentiated 3T3-L1 or CHO-K1 cells was colocalized with ADRP, and the CGI-58 mutants were not recruited to LDs carrying ADRP, indicating that CGI-58 may also cooperate with ADRP. (+info)

Leung DW (2001). "The structure and functions of human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases". Front. Biosci. 6: D944-53. doi: ... The protein encoded by this gene is an acyltransferase (specifically, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase) that ... 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW ( ... 449 (1-2): 64-76. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.03.014. PMID 16620771. Hu YH, Warnatz HJ, Vanhecke D, et al. (2006). "Cell array-based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGPAT3

Aguado B, Campbell RD (Feb 1998). "Characterization of a human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by a gene ... Eberhardt C, Gray PW, Tjoelker LW (Aug 1997). "Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. cDNA cloning, expression, and ... lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta)". Human AGPAT2 genome location and AGPAT2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... "A human cDNA sequence with homology to non-mammalian lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases". The Biochemical Journal. 326 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGPAT2

... lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, epsilon)". Human AGPAT5 genome location and AGPAT5 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AGPAT5 gene. This gene ... 36 (1): 40-5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. Lu B, Jiang YJ, Zhou Y, et al. (2005). "Cloning and characterization of murine ... 449 (1-2): 64-76. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2006.03.014. PMID 16620771. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGPAT5

Aguado B, Campbell RD (Mar 1998). "Characterization of a human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by a gene ... Aguado B, Campbell RD (1998). "Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase is encoded by a gene located in the major ... Leung DW (2001). "The structure and functions of human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases". Front. Biosci. 6 (1): D944-53. ... 1997). "Cloning and expression of two human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase cDNAs that enhance cytokine-induced signaling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGPAT1

2006). "Identification of a novel human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAAT-theta, which activates mTOR pathway". J. ... acyltransferases (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15), such as GPAM and GPAT3 (this enzyme), catalyze the initial step of de novo ... lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase theta (LPAAT-theta), or lung cancer metastasis-associated protein 1. Glycerol-3-phosphate ... "Identification of a novel human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAAT-theta, which activates mTOR pathway". J. Biochem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGPAT9

236 (1): 107-13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474. Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY ... 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW ( ... 3 (5): 309-19. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.03.005. PMID 16679289. Yamaguchi T, Omatsu N, Morimoto E, Nakashima H, Ueno K, Tanaka T ... 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABHD5 gene. The protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABHD5

More recently, type 3 CGL was identified as a separate type of CGL, which was identified as a mutation in the CAV1 gene. Then, ... Type 3 CGL involves a mutation in the CAV1 gene. This gene codes for the Caveolin protein, which is a scaffolding membrane ... Types 3 and 4 are two different mutations but they share a common defective pathway. Medical diagnosis of CGL can be made after ... In type 1 patients, they still have mechanical adipose tissue, but type 2 patients do not have any adipose tissue, including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_generalized_lipodystrophy

ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last ... ISBN 978-1-4673-1921-8. S2CID 16666470. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly ... ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7. Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. ( ... 329 (5999): 1650-3. Bibcode:2010Sci...329.1650L. doi:10.1126/science.1189044. PMC 4677822. PMID 20724583. Genome Decoration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4

... glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, glycerol phosphate transacylase, glycerophosphate acyltransferase, glycerophosphate ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... Yamashita S, Numa S (1972). "Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. Formation ... Other names in common use include alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase, ACP:sn-glycerol-3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol-3-phosphate_O-acyltransferase

In enzymology, a 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.52) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... This enzyme is also called 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism. ... 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase from rat-liver microsomes". Eur. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate_O-acyltransferase

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... and lysophosphatidic acid-acyltransferase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: glycerolipid metabolism, ... 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase from rat-liver microsomes". Eur. J. ... 38 (1): 25-31. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03028.x. PMID 4774123. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 2.3.1, Enzymes of unknown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate_O-acyltransferase

... glucose-6-phosphate isomerase MeSH D08.811.399.475.200.550 - mannose-6-phosphate isomerase MeSH D08.811.399.475.200.662 - ... phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.646 - retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050. ... nucleoside-phosphate kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.900 - transferases (other substituted phosphate groups) MeSH D08.811.913.696. ... carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) MeSH D08.811.464.259.400 - carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amide-n-donor MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

PA is a vital cell lipid that acts as a biosynthetic precursor for the formation (directly or indirectly) of all acylglycerol ... This will show whether the phosphate group is newly derived from the kinase activity or whether it originates from the PC. ... Different acyltransferases also have different intracellular distributions, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the ... This suggests that the various acyltransferases present in mammalian and yeast cells may be responsible for producing different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

... diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase EC 2.3.1.21: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase EC 2.3.1.22: 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase EC ... glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase EC 2.3.1.43: phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase EC 2.3.1.44: N- ... phosphate acyltransferase (*) EC 2.3.1.275: acyl phosphate:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (*) EC 2.3.1.276: galactosamine ... isopentenyl phosphate kinase EC 2.7.4.27: [pyruvate, phosphate dikinase]-phosphate phosphotransferase EC 2.7.4.28: [pyruvate, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)

Then acylglycerol-3-phosphate can be once more acylated to form a phosphatidic acid (PA). With the help of the enzyme CDP-DAG ... Since there are two phosphates in the molecule, each of them can catch one proton. Although it has a symmetric structure, ... The hydroxyl groups (-OH and -O−) on phosphate would form a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond with the centered glycerol's ... ionizing one phosphate happens at a very different levels of acidity than ionizing both: pK1 = 3 and pK2 > 7.5. So under normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiolipin

In contrast to these finding from rat liver microsomes, mammalian acyl transferase from dog lungs was found to exhibit no ... 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase, an enzyme purified in liver microsomes, catalyzes specifically the acylation of ... M. F. Frosolono; Slivka, S; Charms, BL (1971-01-01). "Acyl transferase activities in dog lung microsomes". Journal of Lipid ... Yamashita, A.; Sugiura, T.; Waku, K. (Jul 1997). "Acyltransferases and transacylases involved in fatty acid remodeling of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Lysophosphatidylcholine

Lysophospholipid acyltransferases: 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases. From discovery to disease. Curr Opin Lipidol ... 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta. *1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (lysophosphatidic acid ... The AGPAT2 gene mutations that cause congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 greatly reduce or eliminate the activity of ... 2002 May;31(1):21-3. doi: 10.1038/ng880. Epub 2002 Apr 22. Citation on PubMed ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/agpat2/

ABHD5: abhydrolase domain containing 5, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. *ABL1: ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor ... AGPS: alkylglycerone phosphate synthase. *AGT: angiotensinogen. *AGTR1: angiotensin II receptor type 1 ... ADAMTS2: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2. *ADAMTS10: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene

The prevalence in whites is less than 1%. In Latinos, the prevalence in one study was 5.5%, and, in African Americans, the ... 1] Rarely, triazinate, oral contraceptives, fusidic acid, and methyltestosterone have also been associated with acanthosis ... In addition, free IGF-1 levels may be elevated in obese patients with hyperinsulinemia, leading to accelerated cell growth and ... At high concentrations, insulin may exert potent proliferative effects via high-affinity binding to IGF-1 receptors. ...

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1102488-overview

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1102488-overview

1] In 1959, Seip described a similar congenital syndrome, but without diabetes mellitus, in 3 young Norwegian children. Two of ... Over the next 3 years, a complete generalized loss of subcutaneous fat developed that began focally in the lower extremities. ... The 3 patients exhibited rapid growth with advanced bone age, dilation of the cerebral ventricles, hepatosplenomegaly with ... Related articles include Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Acanthosis Nigricans, Dermatologic Manifestations ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113171-overview

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1102488-overview

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1102488-114485/what-is-the-global-prevalence-of-acanthosis-nigricans-an

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1102488-114489/what-is-the-prognosis-of-acanthosis-nigricans-an

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1102488-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113171-overview

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase Current Synonym true false 76623018 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ... 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate ... acyltransferase (substance). Concept Status. Published. Concept Status Date. 09/01/2020. Code System Name. SNOMED-CT ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=45952002

Acylglycerol kinase (substance) {78232003 , SNOMED-CT } Acyl-phosphate-hexose phosphotransferase (substance) {79166007 , SNOMED ... Ecdysone O-acyltransferase (substance) {130303005 , SNOMED-CT } Erythritol kinase (substance) {13501003 , SNOMED-CT } ... Thiamin-phosphate kinase (substance) {64026007 , SNOMED-CT } Thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase (substance) {69459001 , SNOMED ... acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase) kinase (substance) {889006 , SNOMED-CT } (deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase (substance) { ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=44121006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate_O-acyltransferase

enables acyltransferase activity IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... acts_upstream_of_or_within acylglycerol metabolic process IDA Inferred from Direct Assay. more info ... LPLAT_LCLAT1-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: LCLAT1-like. pfam16076. ... Acts upstream of or within acylglycerol metabolic process and hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. Located in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=52123

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/agpat2/

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113171-overview

3 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when ... 1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The ... Name: actin-binding LIM protein 1. Synonyms: Limab1, 4833406P10Rik, abLIM-S, abLIM-M, abLIM-L, 2610209L21Rik, 9330196J19Rik, ... Name: myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia; translocated to, 3. Synonyms: 3830408D16Rik, D4Ertd321e, Af9, 2210011H10Rik, ...

https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/sds.php?mmrrc_id=38471

diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. 0. 1. DLL3. 225. delta-like 3 (Drosophila). 12. 0. ... somatostatin receptor 3. 2. 2. STAT3. 22. signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor). 13 ... complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain. 1. 2. CACNA1A. 133. calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A ... phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble). 2. 8. PCMT1. 162. protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase. 5. ...

https://genomics.senescence.info/genes/allgenes.php

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1102488-114485/what-is-the-global-prevalence-of-acanthosis-nigricans-an

... glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) (Fig. 3b). These findings indicated that nitrogen deprivation ... 5e). We found that peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR2) and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAA1), which play an ... d-Glucose-6-Phosphate, F-6-P, d-Fructose-6-Phosphate, PEP, Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, Pyr, Pyruvic acid, E-4-P, Erythrose-4- ... Systems analysis of phosphate-limitation-induced lipid accumulation by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. ...

https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-020-01757-1

Acylglycerol Lipases (Neutral Lipid Hydrolysis) *Metabolism and Function of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (,C24) ... retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activities [13]. The relevance of these additional acyltransferase activities in vivo is not ... Mammalian Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases (DGAT). The Author: Scot J. Stone, Department of Biochemistry, Room 14.1 Health ... DGAT1 belongs to a large family of membrane-bound O-acyltransferases (MBOAT) and was initially discovered by its homology to ...

https://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/chemistry/physics/animal-lipids/mammalian-diacylglycerol-acyltransferases-

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=45952002

Moon, Y. A., Hammer, R. E. & Horton, J. D., Apr 2009, In: Journal of lipid research. 50, 3, p. 412-423 12 p.. Research output: ... Wang, J., Hou, T. & Xu, X., Mar 23 2009, In: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 49, 3, p. 571-581 11 p.. Research ... Levine, B. & Ranganathan, R., Jul 1 2010, In: Nature. 466, 7302, p. 38-40 3 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › ... Liver receptor homolog-1 regulates bile acid homeostasis but is not essential for feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis. ...

https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/green-center-for-systems-biology/publications/?page=13&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false

acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity GO:0016411 * peptide N-acetyltransferase activity GO:0034212 ...

https://bio2vec.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/bio2vec/details/1?iri=GO:0016755

Voice: +1 919 493-8996 M-F 10am-4pm Eastern Time. Fax: +1 919 493-3299 ...

https://scienceslides.com/tags/

lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 6 0.890. 0.115. 0.98. 0.100. None 1.000. 1 1 2013. 2013. ... polycystin 2 like 1, transient receptor potential cation channel Ion channel 124 0.565. 0.731. 1.6E-27. 0.100. None 1.000. 2 1 ... RNA binding fox-1 homolog 1 Nucleic acid binding 103 0.584. 0.692. 0.95. 0.100. None 1.000. 2 2 2008. 2012. ... aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 Enzyme 109 0.578. 0.692. 0.36. 0.100. None 1.000. 2 2 2008. 2012. ...

https://www.disgenet.org/browser/0/1/0/C0202177/snpid__rs10809457-source__ALL/_b./

... "inorganic phosphate transporter, transmembrane protein, phosphate transport, inorganic phosphate transporter, integral plasma ... "Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (sterol-ester synthetase),sterol O-acyltransferase," YDL018C 15.120823 INESSENTIAL ERP3 " ... "dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase, O-linked glycosylation, dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein ... "dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase, O-linked glycosylation, dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein ...

https://genomics.lbl.gov/YeastFitnessData/websitefiles/ratioresults/thrRatio_07.txt

glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial. IAGP. MGI. PMID:12093799. NCBI chr 2:57,127,690...57,260,731 Ensembl chr 2: ... phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3. IAGP. MGI. PMID:19136964. NCBI chr19:7,534,824...7,565,910 Ensembl chr19:7,534,824... ... phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 gamma. IAGP. MGI. PMID:26100075. NCBI chr 6:139,591,070... ... hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase). IAGP. MGI. PMID:31696216. NCBI chr 4:150,063,931...150,093,480 ...

https://www.rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/annot.html?acc_id=MP:0006319&species=Mouse

... lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, alpha). 0.016. ... phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma. 0.018 ... hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor). 0.021. ... solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3-like 1). 0.015. ... fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor receptor). 0.249. ...

http://imp.princeton.edu/predictions/process/human-context-global/11940/?gene=12209

Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase*Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase. *O-Acyltransferase, ... "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary ... In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase" by people in ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol%20O-Acyltransferase

... glycerol phosphate acyltransferase; glycerol phosphate transacylase; glycerophosphate acyltransferase; glycerophosphate ... α-glycerophosphate acyltransferase; 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase; ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; glycerol 3 ... Yamashita, S. and Numa, N. Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. Formation of ... O-acyltransferase. Comments:. Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] can also act as acyl donor. The enzyme acts only on derivatives of ...

https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=2.3.1.15

July 3, 2018. June 14, 2019. Categories Summer Research 2018, Uncategorized Week 4: Cleaning up. With our big CNB-MAC paper ... You randomly choose the 1/k positives to hide and do this several times. You can also use the distribution of scores you get ... Because the scores range from 0 to 1, a change of 10^-4 is bigger than we initially thought. After speeding up the code, we are ... First, I chose to sample half instead of choosing a more reasonable number of positives such as 1/4 or 1/5. I also didnt ...

https://blogs.reed.edu/compbio/author/mirbern/

... lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta). 0.318. ... hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-dehydrogenase). ... a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5 (aggrecanase-2). 0.011. ... pterin 4 alpha carbinolamine dehydratase/dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (TCF1) 2. 0.012. ... a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1. 0.051. ...

http://imp.princeton.edu/predictions/process/mouse-context-global/1054/?gene=60272

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1102488-overview

siRNA Targeting Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase Homolog 2 (DGAT2) - Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible ... siRNA Targeting Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase Homolog 2 (DGAT2) - Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible ... siRNa targeting neuropilin 1 (NRP1) - Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA ... siRNA Targeting Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) - Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use ...

https://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/william-marshall-boulder-us-1/

Carnitine Acyltransferases. *Citrate (si)-Synthase. *Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase. *Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/115860

3 monthes ago , Ornithology. Years ago, some well-meaning bird lover passed away and left a pretty decent bundle of money to ... 1 month ago , 10,000 Birds. Apparently, there is a traditional Chinese saying that seeing one pheasant in the wild is better ... 3 monthes ago , 10,000 Birds. Once upon a time, vast forests of Quercus robur , known as common, pedunculate, European or ... 1 month ago , Animal Genetics. Abstract In mammals, imprinted genes are required for both fetal development and postnatal ...

http://www.petmag.top/Mammals/

... acyl glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 by 15 % (P = 0·02) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 by 27 % (P = 0·02), whereas ... In Expt 1, ileorectostomised rats were given a 3 % IMD diet for 10 d. Separately, a 16-h in vitro digestion of IMD, using ... In Expt 2, upon 24-h fasting, rats were given any of glucose, IMD and high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) (1 g/kg of body weight ... Twenty multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments for 18 d (from day 7 to day 25 of lactation): (1) ...

http://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/issue/DC73CC3296B89B6E3FC7F723092B71CF

2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase. 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase. 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase. ... Acylglycerol kinase. Acylglycerol lipase. Acylglycerone-phosphate reductase. Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase. Acyloxyacyl ... Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]--UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase. Acyl-lysine deacylase. Acyl-phosphate-hexose ... Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming). Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming). Alpha-1,3- ...

https://www.changbioscience.com/enzyme/ea.htm

Carnitine Acyltransferases. *Citrate (si)-Synthase. *Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase. *Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/218262

acyltransferase. Phosphatidate. phosphatase. Diacylglycerol. O-. acyltransferase. Dihydroxyacetone. phosphate. NADH. H. +. NAD ... Phosphate. Eicosapentaenoyl-. CoA. TG(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)). Coenzyme A. Glycolysis. ... TG(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)). CoA. Glycolysis. Mitochondria Outer Membrane. Endoplasmic ... phosphate. NADH. Hydrogen Ion. NAD. Glycerol. 3-phosphate. Eicosapentaenoyl-. CoA. Coenzyme A. LPA(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0) ...

https://smpdb.ca/view/SMP0026041?image_type=greyscale

Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2. Q96PD7 DGAT2. 11q13.5. Enzyme. Not Available. HMDBP04645. 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase ... 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2. Q3SYC2 MOGAT2. 11q13.5. Enzyme. Not Available. HMDBP03160. Patatin-like phospholipase ... Putative diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 7. Q6IED9 DGAT2L7. 7q22.1. Enzyme. Not Available. ... Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 6. Q6ZPD8 DGAT2L6. Enzyme. Not Available. ...

https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0300054/metabolite_protein_links?c=hmdb_id&d=down&page=3

Other names in common use include 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, 1-acylglycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase, 1-acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase, 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase, and lysophosphatidic acid-acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract The 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, which is a precursor of. (petmag.top)
Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)

In enzymology, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.51) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are CoA and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The AGPAT2 gene mutations that cause congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 greatly reduce or eliminate the activity of the AGPAT2 enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. (harvard.edu)
First, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (or glycerone phosphate) from glycolysis is used by the cytosolic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] to synthesize sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (smpdb.ca)
The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Glucose 6 Phosphate Isomerase (GPI) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (kits-elisa.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Basic Salivary Proline Rich Protein 1 (PRB1) in saliva and other biological fluids. (lipidx.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Basic Salivary Proline Rich Protein 1 (PRB1) in samples from saliva and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (lipidx.org)

The phosphatidate phosphatases (lipins) then dephosphorylate phosphatidate producing 1,2-diacylglycerol, which can then be used to synthesize either phospholipids or TG. (aocs.org)
Diacylglycerol can also be generated via the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) pathway [5]. (aocs.org)
In this pathway, 1,2-diacylglycerol is formed by the direct acylation of 2-monoacylglycerol at the sn -1 position. (aocs.org)
The last step of the TG biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by acyl coenzyme-A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) at the endoplasmic reticulum. (aocs.org)
DGAT catalyzes the synthesis of TGs by forming an ester bond between a fatty acid, donated from a long-chain fatty acyl CoA, and the free hydroxyl group at the sn -3 position of 1,2-diacylglycerol ( Figure 2 ). (aocs.org)
Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)

1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase catalyzes the esterification of the sn -2 carbon of lysophosphatidate forming phosphatidate. (aocs.org)
Its usual fate is esterification into acylglycerols. (online-sciences.com)

Cloning and characterization of murine 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases and their regulation by PPARalpha in murine heart. (nih.gov)
TG synthesis occurs via the multistep glycerol-3-phosphate or Kennedy pathway ( Figure 1 ) [3,4]. (aocs.org)
Glycerol 3-phosphate, derived primarily from glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, is esterified at the sn -1 carbon position by glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases producing lysophosphatidate (1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate). (aocs.org)
Bertrams, M. and Heinz, E. Positional specificity and fatty-acid selectivity of purified sn -glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases from chloroplasts. (enzyme-database.org)
Frentzen, M., Heinz, E., McKeon, T.A. and Stumpf, P.K. Specificities and selectivities of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea and spinach chloroplasts. (enzyme-database.org)
Purification, reconstitution, and characterization of sn -glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. (enzyme-database.org)
Formation of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate from sn -glycerol 3-phosphate and palmityl coenzyme A. (enzyme-database.org)
Menaya J, Gonzalez-Manchon C, Parrilla R, Ayuso MS: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of a cDNA encoding a human liver NAD-dependent alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
1,2-dierucoyl-sn-glycerol_3-phosphate = 1 reactions were found. (tu-bs.de)

Lysophospholipid acyltransferases: 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases. (medlineplus.gov)

casein kinase 1 gamma 2 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Orthologous to human AGPAT5 (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5). (nih.gov)

Dev Biol, 2004 Apr 1. (nih.gov)

At least 26 mutations in the AGPAT2 gene have been identified in people with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (also called Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy) type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
Insulin-resistance syndromes include those with mutations in the insulin receptors (ie, leprechaunism, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ie, type 1 diabetes with acanthosis nigricans and hypertension), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyl transferase-2 or seipin (Berardinelli-Seip syndrome), lamin A/C (Dunnigan syndrome), and Alstrom syndrome gene. (medscape.com)

lyrata (Lyre-leaved rock-cress) F15A23.3 triacylglycerol lipase 1 precursor (EC 3.1.1.3) , arath-LIP2 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. (inrae.fr)
lyrata (Lyre-leaved rock-cress) Triacylglycerol lipase 2 gene At5g1418 MUA22.18 MUA22.19 MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 , arath-Q8LPF5 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. (inrae.fr)

Agarwal AK, Sukumaran S, Cortes VA, Tunison K, Mizrachi D, Sankella S, Gerard RD, Horton JD, Garg A: Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(-/-) gene lipodystrophic mice. (smpdb.ca)

Acts upstream of or within acylglycerol metabolic process and hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. (nih.gov)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Basic Salivary Proline Rich Protein 1 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (lipidx.org)

siRNA targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) - Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

caspase 7 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:1. (gsea-msigdb.org)
akirin 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:2. (gsea-msigdb.org)
cyclin C [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:1. (gsea-msigdb.org)

2-phosphoxylose phosphatase 1 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Related articles include Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus , Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , Acanthosis Nigricans , Dermatologic Manifestations of Localized Lipodystrophy , Progressive Lipodystrophy , and Lipodystrophy in HIV . (medscape.com)
Genetic lipodystrophy is generally related to severe metabolic alterations including insulin resistance (IR) and its associated complications, such as glucose intolerance and diabetes, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, polycystic ovaries, acanthosis nigricans and early cardiovascular (CV) complications [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

2019) that is late-born in the NB2-1 Notch ON primary hemilineage (Mark et al. (virtualflybrain.org)

Yamashita, S. and Numa, N. Partial purification and properties of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver. (enzyme-database.org)

Nevertheless, all tested Mucoromycotina share features including the ability to produce 18:3 gamma-linoleic acid, use TAG as the storage lipid and have fucose as a cell wall component. (frontiersin.org)

Recombinant human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in patients with atherosclerosis: phase 2a primary results and phase 2b design. (harvard.edu)

The resulting lack of body fat underlies the varied signs and symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1. (medlineplus.gov)

2002 May;31(1):21-3. (medlineplus.gov)

In 1959, Seip described a similar congenital syndrome, but without diabetes mellitus, in 3 young Norwegian children. (medscape.com)

Enables 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)

Two overexpression targets ( ACL1 and ACC1 , improving cytosolic acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production, respectively) and two deletion targets (the acyltransferases DGA1 and LRO1 ) resulted in significant (1.8 to 4.4-fold) increases to the fatty alcohol titer in culture tubes. (biomedcentral.com)

activator of basal transcription 1 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Human Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase in Acute ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results of REAL-TIMI 63B. (harvard.edu)

Some first-generation antiretroviral drugs used in HIV patients are strongly related with peripheral lipoatrophy and metabolic alterations [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

migration and invasion enhancer 1 [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)

A regulatory role for 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 in adipocyte differentiation. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, free IGF-1 levels may be elevated in obese patients with hyperinsulinemia, leading to accelerated cell growth and differentiation. (medscape.com)
Adipocytes were incubated with various doses of CrAc: 0 (differentiation media only, control), 0.1, 1, and 10 μM. (animbiosci.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms14

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs157

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes40

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science3

Health Care2

A plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from oilseed rape. (1/111)

Overexpression of 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-alpha enhances lipid storage in cellular models of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (2/111)

Mutations in CGI-58, the gene encoding a new protein of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily, in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. (3/111)

Exploration of novel motifs derived from mouse cDNA sequences. (4/111)

Limnanthes douglasii lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases: immunological quantification, acyl selectivity and functional replacement of the Escherichia coli plsC gene. (5/111)

Prevalence of mutations in AGPAT2 among human lipodystrophies. (6/111)

Truncation of CGI-58 protein causes malformation of lamellar granules resulting in ichthyosis in Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. (7/111)

CGI-58 interacts with perilipin and is localized to lipid droplets. Possible involvement of CGI-58 mislocalization in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. (8/111)

Glycerides

Diglycerides

Phosphatidic Acids

Acyltransferases

Phosphates

Lipase

Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Fatty Acids

Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Triglycerides

Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency

1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase

Acyl Coenzyme A

1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Calcium Phosphates

Glycerophosphates

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Sugar Phosphates

Esterification

Cholesterol Esters

Acylation

Kinetics

Escherichia coli O157

Substrate Specificity

Microsomes

Molecular Sequence Data

Inositol Phosphates

Cholesterol

Apolipoprotein A-I

Lysophospholipids

Phospholipids

Phosphatidylcholines

Retinol O-Fatty-Acyltransferase

Palmitoyl Coenzyme A

Amino Acid Sequence

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate

Liver

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Organosilicon Compounds

Lipoproteins, HDL

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase

Penicillium chrysogenum

Carnitine Acyltransferases

Microsomes, Liver

Esters

Phosphate Transport Proteins

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Escherichia coli

O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase

Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Monoglycerides

Trioses

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Glucosephosphates

Lipid Metabolism

Waxes

Lipoproteins

Hypolipoproteinemias

Lipids

Lysophospholipase

Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase

Pentosephosphates

Sphingosine

Hexosephosphates

Cloning, Molecular

Base Sequence

Corneal Opacity

Carbamyl Phosphate

Mutation

Apolipoproteins

Dithionitrobenzoic Acid

Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Coenzyme A

Recombinant Proteins

Coenzyme A Ligases