• INTRODUCTION: Although environmental and human behavioral factors in countries with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks are also common in Nigeria, such an outbreak has not yet been reported probably due to misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The atypical symptoms of malaria and ZIKV infections at the initial phase could leverage their misdiagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • These patients' sera were analyzed for ZIKV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at 90% endpoint. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, 86% of the sera with ZIKV nAb also neutralized other related viruses at varied degrees: dengue viruses (60.7%), West Nile viruses (23.2%), yellow fever virus (7.1%) and 39.3% were co-infections with chikungunya viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • As indicated by nAb, acute ZIKV infection was detected in 1.7% of IgM-positive patients while past infections occurred in 8.5% of IgM-negatives in the three states. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Borno State, 9.4% of IgG neutralized ZIKV denoting past infections while 13.5% were non-neutralizing IgM and IgG indicating other related virus infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • ZIKV nAb was significantly distinct among recipients and non-recipients of antibiotic/antimalaria treatments before seeking malaria tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inhibiting effect of these drugs on ZIKV infection progression may probably contribute to the absence of neurological disorders associated with the virus despite being endemic in the environment for several decades. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: The cryptic ZIKV infections underscore the need for differential diagnosis of malaria-suspected febrile patients for arboviruses, especially the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three different multiplicities of infection of ZIKV were used to develop and compare this novel method to the standard confluent cell monolayer method. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings suggested that both the viral load and replication of ZIKV were comparable between both monolayer- and suspension-infection methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • Accurate diagnostics for Zika virus (ZIKV) underpins all public health responses and epidemiology studies of the outbreak. (ukri.org)
  • However, ZIKV is cleared rapidly during recovery (often within 1 week), limiting the time post-infection NAAT can usefully be used. (ukri.org)
  • a) ZIKV PRNT (most specific serological test for ZIKV). (ukri.org)
  • Tests and training will strengthen diagnostic services, and improve management of suspected ZIKV patients. (ukri.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • netic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with In 1977, ZIKV infection was confi rmed among 7 pa- this epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Several ZIKV human recent fl avivirus infection in several patients. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Since the Zika virus (ZIKV) was first the health ministries of the 22 Members preparedness measures. (who.int)
  • Mosquitoes belonging the Aedes ge- man cases were reported until 2007 when ings provided up-to-date information nus, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes the first Zika outbreak was reported in on ZIKV infection and its complications albopictus , which are the species most in- Yap, Micronesia ( 2 ). (who.int)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. (asme.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. (rjppd.org)
  • Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
  • ZIKV infection continues to be a significant global public health concern. (healthresearch.org)
  • For this reason, travelers to an area with risk of ZIKV can unknowingly be infected with ZIKV and pass it to sexual partners months after infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • Unlike DENV, ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. (healthresearch.org)
  • Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)
  • Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating infant brain defects and other neurological disorders in humans. (paho.org)
  • We tested a series of 2′-C- or 2′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 2′-C-fluoro-2′-C-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-deoxynucleosides, derivatives with 4′-C-azido substitution, heterobase-modified nucleosides, and neplanocins for their ability to inhibit ZIKV replication in cell culture. (paho.org)
  • Antiviral activity was identified when 2′-C-methylated nucleosides were tested, suggesting that these compounds might represent promising lead candidates for further development of specific antivirals against ZIKV. (paho.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) has been presumed to be endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA), with a low rate of human infections. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Positive and equivocal samples were confirmed for anti-ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization tests. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Zika virus seroprevalence observed in the studied blood donors was low, 4.5% in 2003-2004 with an increase in 2015 to 9.9% (P = 0.002), possibly reflecting the increase of ZIKV incident cases reported over this period. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The virus is spread mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is commonly found throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • Repelente corporal baseado no LĂ­quido da Casca da castanha de caju - LCC com aĂ§Ă£o repelente contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti transmissor da Dengue, Febre Chikungunya e Zika Mazzetto, Selma Elaine A fonte original deste documento pode ser restrita, o que pode impedir que leitores externos tenham acesso a ele. (paho.org)
  • An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is estimated that 1.5 million people were infected by Zika virus in Brazil, with over 3,500 cases of infant microcephaly reported between October 2015 and January 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • In February 2016, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern as evidence grew that Zika can cause birth defects as well as neurological problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific event that brought the virus to Brazil was uncertain until March 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 2016, a study published in Science, which developed a "molecular clock" based on the count of virus mutations in a relatively small sample, suggested Zika virus arrived in the Americas (most likely in Brazil) from French Polynesia between May and December 2013, well before the World Cup and Va'a Championships. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • Of 22,079 participants tested between 2016 and 2022, 96 had positive saliva results, 15 were determined to be FP, 79 TP, and 2 were excluded for incomplete clinical evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2016 and 2017, cases of locally transmitted Zika virus infection were reported in Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida and Brownsville, Texas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization [PAHO] link below for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission). (cdc.gov)
  • 2636&lang=en, accessed 21 March 2016). (who.int)
  • Organization, 2016 (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/, accessed 21 March 2016). (who.int)
  • 7. Memorandum: Revised diagnostic testing for Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses in US Public Health Laboratories, 7 February 2016 . (who.int)
  • 8. Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection, Interim guidance, 23 March 2016 . (who.int)
  • http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/zika/laboratory- testing/en/, accessed 28 March 2016). (who.int)
  • 12. Zika virus, Microcephaly, and Guillain-BarrĂ© syndrome, 17 March 2016 . (who.int)
  • http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/situation-report/en/, accessed 21 March 2016). (who.int)
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal , &task=doc_download&Itemid=270&gid=30176&lang=en, accessed 21 March 2016). (who.int)
  • PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)
  • This has been highlighted by recently emerging viral epidemics and pandemics (Zika, SARS-CoV-2), and recurring viral outbreaks like the yellow fever outbreaks in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2016) and in Brazil (2016-2018). (pasteur.fr)
  • However, recent evidence suggests that a 4-fold higher titer by PRNT might not discriminate between anti-Zika virus antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies in all persons who have been previously infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • About 13.8% of Zika virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) did not cross-react with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses suggesting possible monotypic infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • B cells manufacture antibodies which are exquisitely tailored protein tools critical to controlling infection. (uvm.edu)
  • Alternatively, activated B cells can develop into memory B cells that persist long after infection to provide an institutional memory of those manufactured antibodies to facilitate their rapid remanufacture (or improvement) to protect against a subsequent pathogen encounter. (uvm.edu)
  • Further work is aimed at identifying novel monoclonal antibodies and T cell responses to the virus. (uvm.edu)
  • 3) Defining B cell memory to Dengue and Zika and developing potent neutralizing antibodies (CDC and NIH, Collaboration with A. De Silva, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). (uvm.edu)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses. (rjppd.org)
  • 26. Mohammed H, Tomashek KM, Stramer SL, Hunsperger E. Prevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies among American Red Cross blood donors in Puerto Rico, 2006. (rjppd.org)
  • FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
  • An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
  • In the first phase test of the two vaccines, high titers of neutralizing antibodies can be induced, and strong CD4+ and CD8+ reactions are produced, accompanied by mild to moderate adverse reactions. (medicaltrend.org)
  • TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
  • However, results of Zika virus antibody testing can be difficult to interpret because of cross-reactivity with related flaviviruses, which can preclude identification of the specific infecting virus, especially when the person previously was infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Among flaviviruses, Zika and dengue virus share similar symptoms of infection, transmission cycles, and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
  • However, they exhibit reduced specificity through cross-reactivity against other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue, circulating in South America. (ukri.org)
  • The mosquito-borne flaviviruses dengue and zika cause endemic or pandemic disease and long-term sequelae across over 40% of the world's population and there are no broadly licensed vaccines for either. (uvm.edu)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is important because the results of Zika and dengue virus testing will guide clinical management. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and be reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry or the Puerto Rico Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System for clinical follow-up ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • I'm happy to welcome you to today's COCA call: Zika Update, Findings from the US Zika Pregnancy Registry and Updated Clinical Guidance. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, emergency providers learned key nursing assessment, clinical interventions, and the general process for reporting Zika cases. (cdc.gov)
  • The interactive clinical algorithm allows healthcare providers to receive recommendations tailored to their pregnant patients with possible Zika exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • A universal screening research study was conducted in six hospitals to identify the clinical sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on newborn dried blood spots (DBSs) versus saliva specimens for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). (cdc.gov)
  • This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who are trying to become pregnant. (cdc.gov)
  • Our work on dengue and zika immunology draws on an extensive bank of human vaccine clinical trial specimens and natural infection studies in partnership with the Vaccine Testing Center and other collaborators. (uvm.edu)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • The assay provides the broadest spectrum of information to be captured in light of the clinical picture, any travel history and timing of specimen collection for addressing suspected flavivirus infections. (healthresearch.org)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4) Cotton-rats, guineapigs and rabbits show no clinical signs of infection after intracerebral inoculation of late passage mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • Artemis Bioservices uses tailor-made and routinely developed assays for testing samples collected from animal studies and clinical studies. (artemisbioservices.com)
  • Vaccine-associated enhanced diseases (VAED) are modified presentations of clinical infections affecting individuals exposed to a wild-type pathogen after having received a prior vaccination for the same pathogen [1] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • The major clinical sign of PPV infections in pigs is maternal reproductive failure and was first described by Cartwright and Huck in 1967. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The use of these vaccines induces antibody titres that can reduce clinical manifestations, but cannot prevent infection. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Prior to the outbreak, Zika was considered a mild infection, as most infections are asymptomatic, making it difficult to determine precise estimates of the number of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most infections are asymptomatic, and symptomatic disease generally is mild. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons who are infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • The infection may be asymptomatic, or it may present with symptoms ranging from a moderate fever to a disabling high fever, with severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, and rashes. (paho.org)
  • French researchers speculated the virus arrived shortly afterwards, in August 2014, when canoeing teams from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Easter Island, and the Cook Islands, which had been or were experiencing Zika outbreaks, attended the Va'a World Sprint Championships in Rio de Janeiro. (wikipedia.org)
  • In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1947, the Zika virus was first isolated from monkeys in the Zika Forest of Uganda but was not considered an important human pathogen until the first large-scale outbreaks in the South Pacific islands in 2007. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although as of December 2019, there were no areas with CDC travel precautions due to Zika outbreaks, in early 2020 there were thousands of cases in some areas of Brazil and hundreds of cases in Colombia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported previously in Africa, Asia, and islands in the Pacific. (cdc.gov)
  • Has the threat of Zika virus outbreaks come to an end? (rjppd.org)
  • At the conclusion of today's session, the participant will be able to: understand the latest estimates for birth defects associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy,discuss additional considerations for evaluating and managing infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection, and apply the updated recommendations outlined in the additional considerations for the evaluation and management of infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Diehl's work in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics encompasses translational and basic research aimed at understanding the human immune response to viral infections, primarily to dengue virus, zika virus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. (uvm.edu)
  • Current assays to determine neutralising activity against viral infections in sera are costly in time and equipment and suffer from high variability. (pasteur.fr)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • This platform includes a large spectrum of viruses which, according to the most up-to-date information available, bear the greatest potential of causing newly emerging viral infections. (dzif.de)
  • As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, viral infections are systemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the YF vaccine may be a good alternative to the Zika vaccine in resource-constrained countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • His goal is to develop novel immune metrics and specific antibody tools that can be used to advance vaccine development and to understand host-pathogen interactions during viral infection or vaccination. (uvm.edu)
  • This knowledge is critical to developing better vaccines and to develop better laboratory tests to determine whether vaccine candidates engage the immune system in a way that is likely to lead to protection. (uvm.edu)
  • More recently we seek to understand how norovirus, a family of viruses for which there is no vaccine and causes significant gastrointestinal illness (vomiting and diarrhea) and hospitalization can skew the infant antibody response towards those that may not offer protection. (uvm.edu)
  • 1) Defining cellular immunogenicity for dengue vaccine formulations (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH). (uvm.edu)
  • There is an urgent need for better diagnostic and analytical methods for vaccine research and infection control in virology. (pasteur.fr)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates produce an immune response to the spike protein on the surface of the virus. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Quantifying the viral load upon infection is an important measure to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy. (artemisbioservices.com)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Until more is known, pregnant women should consider postponing travel to any area with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • 4) Transcriptional profiling of DENV virus infection (Joint College of Medicine/Engineering Biomedical Engineering grant with Donna Rizzo and John Hanley from UVM and Sam Scarpino from Northeastern). (uvm.edu)
  • The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. (rjppd.org)
  • It appears Zika's route - from Africa and Asia to Oceania and then the Americas - may mirror that of chikungunya and dengue, both of which are now endemic in a large portion of the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, the cross-reactions could also reflect co-infections as these viruses are also endemic in the country. (bvsalud.org)
  • The human encephalitis cases might have been attributed to a flare-up of an endemic arbovirus ( a virus transmitted by a tick or mosquito bite ) such as St. Louis encephalitis , but the concurrent bird and mammal deaths suggested the human illnesses warranted further investigation. (johansen.se)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • The disease is endemic in at least 100 countries in the tropics and subtropics with 50 - 100 million infections and 22,000 deaths yearly, causing it to be the leading cause of illness and death in these regions (Waggoner et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although the number of locally transmitted Zika cases has lessened where much of the endemic population has developed immunity, Zika still thrives in populations that have yet to be hit by the first wave of transmission, leading to flare-ups and travel-related cases. (healthresearch.org)
  • Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) is defined as any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, mostly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • mosquitoes might also transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • When humans infected in the forest enter urban environments, arbovirus infections can rapidly spread amongst people transmitted by highly anthrophilic, urban mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the symptoms resembled dengue fever, testing ruled out this and several other potential causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pregnant women in the United States with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection regardless of whether or not they have symptoms, and their exposed infants are included in the US Zika Pregnancy Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • During this COCA Call, emergency providers learned critical information about Zika, such as how to identify people at risk for infection either through recent travel or through sex with someone infected with Zika, examine the importance of screening protocols, and understand likely symptoms, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Specific to Zika virus, we've just recently launched a large multi-country cohort study to follow 10,000 women beginning early in pregnancy and monitoring them throughout pregnancy those who symptomatically get Zika, those without symptoms who get Zika and those who do not get Zika. (amnh.org)
  • The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • however, in a significant proportion of infections, individuals develop severe symptoms that can lead to long-lasting lung damage or death. (nature.com)
  • Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • In these cases, antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • In these cases, immunoglobulin (Ig) M and neutralizing antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Currently available diagnostics: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and antibody ELISA, have critical problems [1]. (ukri.org)
  • This work also directly led to the development of a new antibody (Nirsevimab) that can protect premature infants after one dose for an entire winter season against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (uvm.edu)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viraemia during the first week after inoculation has been found in all monkeys tested and antibody has been demonstrated by the 14th day after inoculation. (paho.org)
  • Antibody has also been found in the serum of one of 15 wild monkeys tested. (paho.org)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • If immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results are positive, equivocal, or inconclusive, performing a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is needed to confirm the diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, a more conservative approach to interpreting PRNT results is now recommended to reduce the possibility of missing the diagnosis of either Zika or dengue virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Test [PRNT] and Non-structural protein 1 [NS1] ELISA) and assess the time-frame postinfection that portable NAAT provide accurate diagnosis. (ukri.org)
  • this population is not likely to qualify for access to confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) and therefore the virus could go undetected. (healthresearch.org)
  • Confirmatory PRNT is expensive, time-consuming (one-week turn-around), has low sample throughput, and uses live virus in the lab, which creates a biosafety risk. (healthresearch.org)
  • Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • For persons with suspected Zika virus disease, a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) result confirms Zika virus infection, but a negative result does not exclude infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Then, in May 2015, researchers from the Federal University of Bahia and the Evandro Chagas Institute determined, using the RT-PCR technique, that the illness was an outbreak of Zika virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In May 2015, the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas was reported in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, infections have been reported among travelers visiting or returning to the United States, and these likely will increase. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, Zika virus infections have been reported in returning travelers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • 2020 . Case report: dengue and COVID-19 coinfection in Thailand . (ajtmh.org)
  • 2020 . COVID-19 and dengue co-infection in a returning traveller . (ajtmh.org)
  • We searched the Quarantine Activity Reporting System (QARS) database for travelers with inbound international or domestic air travel, a positive SARS-CoV-2 lab result, and a surveillance categorization of SARS-CoV-2 infection reported during January 2020 to December 2021. (cdc.gov)
  • In March 2020 we implemented broad serological testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus underlying COVID-19 used to profile hospitalized COVID-19 patients as well as those exposed to the virus but did not require hospitalization. (uvm.edu)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • 2. Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (rjppd.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has rapidly spread, causing a global pandemic. (nature.com)
  • Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of a recent Zika virus infection or flavivirus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and reported to the appropriate Zika virus pregnancy registry. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus, and can cause microcephaly and other severe brain anomalies in the infant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Data have been used to estimate the number of fetuses and infants with birth defects potentially related to Zika, provide information on the phenotype of congenital Zika syndrome, and plan for services for pregnant women, their infants, and families affected by Zika to ensure infants are linked to care. (cdc.gov)
  • The updated guidance recommends that pregnant women and couples planning to become pregnant within 3 months talk to their healthcare providers to carefully consider the risks and possible consequences of travel to areas with risk of Zika. (phila.gov)
  • CDC continues to recommend that pregnant women not travel to any area experiencing a current Zika outbreak. (phila.gov)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Testing can be offered 2-12 weeks after pregnant women return from travel. (cdc.gov)
  • This update also expands guidance to women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, and includes recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant women and recommendations for counseling women of reproductive age (15-44 years). (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites, avoiding unprotected sex with a partner at risk of having Zika virus infection, and, for pregnant women and their partners, avoiding travel to areas with ongoing transmission. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because pediatricians might be caring for women who are pregnant or who might be thinking about becoming pregnant, we also wanted to be sure they were aware of the link between Zika virus during pregnancy and microcephaly, other serious problems of the brain, and other problems in pregnancy," Rasmussen says. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Women who are pregnant should not travel to areas with active Zika virus spread. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pregnant women with male sex partners who have lived in or traveled to an area where Zika virus is spreading should either use condoms every time they have sex or not have sex during the pregnancy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Philadelphia-area healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize commercial laboratories when ordering Zika virus testing for exposed, symptomatic persons with health insurance. (phila.gov)
  • About one in five people infected with Zika virus become symptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • On Tuesday, October 30, 2018, PDPH updated the Zika guidance for preconception counseling and prevention of sexual transmission of Zika for men. (phila.gov)
  • Guidance from WHO, CDC and ECDC caution interpretation of these tests [2]. (ukri.org)
  • Sonja A Rasmussen, MD, MS, director of the division of Public Health Information and Dissemination for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, editor-in-chief of CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, says new guidance released by CDC is a review of what is currently known about Zika as it pertains to infants and children. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
  • 2018 . Zika, chikungunya, and other emerging vector-borne viral diseases . (ajtmh.org)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Co-infections with other arboviruses may impact adversely on the management of these diseases individually. (bvsalud.org)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The US Zika Pregnancy Registry collects data to monitor pregnancy and infant outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • Matters Microbial #18: The Perfect Predator: Why Phage is Rage November 30, 2023 Today Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences at UC San Diego and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, will chat with us about how bacteriophages-viruses that attack bacteria-changed her life and are becoming part of our future. (microbe.tv)
  • TWiEVO 95: Watering the viruses until they bloom November 14, 2023 Nels and Vincent discuss how the rewetting of seasonally dried soils, a critical event in Mediterranean grasslands that reactivates dormant soil microorganisms, leading to pulses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and is accompanied by a bloom of viral diversity, followed by extensive viral community turnover. (microbe.tv)
  • Dr. Peterson is a medical officer in CDC's Division of Reproductive Health and she also leads the US Zika virus Pregnancy Registry team on the Pregnancy and Birth Defects Taskforce for CDC's Zika response. (cdc.gov)
  • Although serologic evidence indicated additional human exposure during subsequent decades in parts of Africa and Asia, before the 2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak, only 14 cases of human Zika virus disease had been documented. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Zika virus was first identified in a monkey in Uganda in 1947 and has been found since then along the equator throughout Africa and Asia. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings:345-349. (rjppd.org)
  • Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are today at risk of dengue. (paho.org)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • In 2008, PAHO / WHO Member States established a Network of Dengue Laboratories of the Americas (RELDA), to strengthen technical capacities for diagnosing dengue. (paho.org)
  • Zika: Improved diagnostics for Zika virus infection in South America through an established laboratory partnership between Brazil, Colombia and the UK. (ukri.org)
  • These imported cases might result in local human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus in limited areas of the continental United States that have the appropriate mosquito vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
  • Brazil notified the WHO of an illness characterized by skin rash in March 2015, and Zika was identified as the cause in May 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior to illness onset. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis who recently returned from affected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • 5) Cellular and molecular characterization of dengue-associated rash (Merck). (uvm.edu)
  • Zika infections in adults can result in Guillain-BarrĂ© syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three booklets were produced and distributed among families with Children with congenital Zika Syndrome. (ukri.org)
  • Production of audio clips and films exhibiting the positive value of music for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome. (ukri.org)
  • Production of Artwork by families with children affected by Congenital Zika Syndrome as an exercise to discover and learn more about zika virus. (ukri.org)
  • Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly (a serious birth defect), eye abnormalities, and a number of developmental impairments termed congenital Zika syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Guillain-BarrĂ© syndrome also has been reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • 14. Squires RC, Konings F. Preparedness for molecular testing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among laboratories in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Several countries took the unusual step of advising their citizens to delay pregnancy until more was known about the virus and its impact on fetal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other less common modes of transmission include maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, transfusion-associated infection or theoretically transplant-associated infection. (phila.gov)
  • However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in tissues from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. (rjppd.org)
  • however, the virus can cross the placental barrier during the infection and is characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • People infected with Zika can transmit the virus to their sexual partners. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans are considered dead-end hosts, meaning that even if a mosquito feeds on an infected individual, that mosquito cannot transmit the virus to another individual as can happen with the dengue virus . (johansen.se)
  • The absence of systemic surveillance for the virus is worrisome because of its association with neurological disorders in newborns. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulations (2005) (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations . (who.int)
  • A. albopictus is thought to be a secondary vector of epidemic Zika virus infection in the tropics, but whether it would do so in the more temperate climate of the United States is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CDC established the US Zika Pregnancy Registry in collaboration with state, tribal, local and territorial health departments and healthcare providers in the United States and US territories, excluding Puerto Rico, which has its own pregnancy registry, the Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System. (cdc.gov)
  • This slide provides an overview of the inclusion criteria of the US Zika Pregnancy Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC and state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments request that healthcare providers, especially obstetric and pediatric healthcare providers, participate in the US Zika Pregnancy Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using both molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Also, reliance on the broadly cross-reactive pre-membrane/envelope protein (prM/E) in the Zika IgM ELISA assay causes frequent false-positives. (healthresearch.org)
  • 13 , 14 However, the amino acid perfectly maintains the stability of the mutual structural conformation of the virus S-protein and the ACE2 receptor in a holistic manner. (medsci.org)
  • Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
  • It has been observed that new mutations in the capsid protein can modify antigenic properties, and may reduce the cross neutralization ability of sera raised against strains commonly used in commercial vaccines. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • [1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. (ajtmh.org)
  • Tests, protocols and training will be available to local laboratory networks for patient use and to support further diagnostic studies. (ukri.org)
  • Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. (pasteur.fr)
  • [4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings provide additional evidence on postacute dengue burden and confirm children ar. (researchgate.net)
  • As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
  • The books were a pictorial guide displaying the problems children with congenital infection syndromes, such as Congenital Zika Syndromes can suffer. (ukri.org)
  • Rasmussen says there is mounting evidence to suggest that Zika is indeed responsible for microcephaly and other serious brain defects. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. (frontiersin.org)