Zhang effects of aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

Journal of Aerosol Science, 129, 1-12. (ac.ir)

D. Zhang, X. Gao, A. Zakey and F. Giorgi, Effects of climate changes on dust aerosol over East Asia from RegCM3, Advances in Climate Change Research (2016). (scipedia.com)
Using vertical observation data of black carbon aerosol and meteorological parameters in the ShouXian area of Anhui Province from 14 December 2016 to 3 January 2017, the thermal and dynamic effects of the boundary layer on the vertical distribution structure of black carbon were studied. (frontiersin.org)
Zhang, Danwei (2016). (mit.edu)

And sometimes, aerosols are produced from photochemical decomposition of COS (carbonyl sulfide), or when solid sulfates in the sea salt spray can react with gypsum dust particles). (wikipedia.org)
That means the smoke, which is in the form of tiny particles known as aerosols, can physically interact with the clouds, affecting how they form at the microscopic level. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Our investigations demonstrate that the increased inorganic fraction in the aerosol particles is a key component in the frequently occurring haze days during the study period, and particularly the reduction of nitrate, sulfate and their precursor gases would contribute towards better visibility in China. (copernicus.org)
Vapors are Lost to Wall, Not to Particles on the Wall: Artifact-Corrected Parameters from Chamber Experiments and Implications for Global Secondary Organic Aerosol. (psehealthyenergy.org)
in contrast, an aerosol is a suspension of fine particles of liquid, solid or both in a gas. (bmj.com)
The formations of sulfate and nitrate on dust are studied along with the dust effects on the photochemical oxidant cycle for the long-range-transported particles with a diameter of 0.1-40 μ m. (ametsoc.org)
Coronavirus is spread through the air by droplets and smaller particles (known as aerosols) that are exhaled from the nose and mouth of an infected person as they breathe, speak or cough. (wired-gov.net)
A large number of processes are involved in the chain from emissions of aerosol precursor gases and primary particles to impacts on cloud radiative forcing. (nasa.gov)
5. Ansmann A., Müller D. Lidar and atmospheric aerosol particles / C. Weitkamp (ed. (iao.ru)

Major volcanic eruptions have an overwhelming effect on sulfate aerosol concentrations in the years when they occur: eruptions ranking 4 or greater on the Volcanic Explosivity Index inject SO2 and water vapor directly into the stratosphere, where they react to create sulfate aerosol plumes. (wikipedia.org)
However, before the Industrial Revolution, dimethyl sulfide pathway was the largest contributor to sulfate aerosol concentrations in a more average year with no major volcanic activity. (wikipedia.org)
and during the transition from a stable to an unstable boundary layer, the black carbon aerosol concentrations exhibited high values in the upper layer, with the concentration difference reaching 4 μg m −3 . (frontiersin.org)
when stable boundary layers occurred and during transitions from stable to unstable boundary layers, the black carbon aerosol concentrations were higher in the lower layer and lower in the upper layer. (frontiersin.org)
Satellite observation of aerosol precursors of NO 2 and SO 2 showed increased concentrations during the study period. (copernicus.org)
Nasal endoscopy, room filtration and aerosol concentrations during live outpatient encounters: a prospective, case-control study. (utah.edu)
Using low-cost sensors to quantify the effects of air filtration on indoor and personal exposure relevant PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing, China. (duke.edu)
Recent studies have shown that even at concentrations below current EPA regulations health effects persist [6, 7]. (cdc.gov)

Such an increase in sulfate aerosol emissions had a variety of effects. (wikipedia.org)
Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) like methane, ozone and aerosols have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO 2 and are often assumed to have a short-term effect on the climate system: should their emissions cease, so would their radiative forcing (RF). (nature.com)
Objective To review the available evidence evaluating the chemicals in refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). (bmj.com)
Results The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavours, solvent carriers and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions vary considerably. (bmj.com)

Previous studies usually overlooked these microphysical changes due to aerosols' interactions with the clouds. (wattsupwiththat.com)
With the new satellite you can look at things from different perspectives," says Zhang, and develop three-dimensional models of the interactions between aerosols and clouds. (wattsupwiththat.com)
The Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is a distributed infrastructure dedicated to high-quality observation of aerosols, clouds, trace gases and exploration of their interactions. (psi.ch)
To better quantify their radiative forcing due to aerosol-radiation interactions, we need to improve process-level understanding of aging processes, which lead to either "browning" or "bleaching" of organic aerosols. (copernicus.org)
2013). Recently, it has been shown that including BrC absorption properties in radiative transfer models leads to a stronger wavelength dependency of light absorption by aerosols and to significant changes in the overall effective radiative forcing from aerosol-radiation interactions (ERFari) (Feng et al. (copernicus.org)

Reducing the clouds' reflectivity-with a layer of pollution, for example-reduces the cooling effect. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Pulmonary health effects of air pollution. (cdc.gov)
Our in situ measurement of aerosol chemical composition in Beijing also confirmed increased contribution of inorganic aerosol fraction as a function of the increased particle pollution level. (copernicus.org)
Using a Low-cost Sensor Network to Understand the Effect of COVID-19 on Particle Pollution. (utah.edu)
Technical note: Understanding the effect of COVID-19 on particle pollution using a low-cost sensor network. (utah.edu)
This high burden of disease reflects a range of adverse cardiopulmonary health effects that have been associated with air pollution exposures [2, 3] and the fact that exposure to air pollution is involuntary - we must breathe where we are, regardless of the air quality. (cdc.gov)

Inorganic aerosols are mainly produced when sulfur dioxide reacts with water vapor to form gaseous sulfuric acid and various salts (often through an oxidation reaction in the clouds), which are then thought to experience hygroscopic growth and coagulation and then shrink through evaporation. (wikipedia.org)
Although aerosols are usually found in boundary layer beneath clouds, they can be elevated during long-range transport and rise above low-level clouds. (confex.com)
2013). For example, marine-boundary layer clouds in SE Atlantic region are persistently covered by light-absorbing smoke aerosols originating from biomass burning acativities in African Savanna during austral winter (July ~ September). (confex.com)
In contrast, when aerosols reside above clouds, their absorption effect can be significantly enhanced by cloud reflection, and offset or even exceed the scattering effect of the aerosol leading to a less negative or even positive (i.e., warming) DRE at TOA. (confex.com)
2013), the largest uncertainty in estimating future climate change stems from clouds and aerosols. (copernicus.org)
Atomspheric physicists have found that the way wildfire smoke from Africa interacts with clouds over the Atlantic Ocean results in a net cooling effect, which is contrary to previous understanding and has implications for global climate models. (wattsupwiththat.com)
For years, scientists believed that overall, the smoke diminishes the clouds' cooling effect by absorbing light that the clouds beneath otherwise would reflect. (wattsupwiththat.com)
The new study by Zhang and colleagues doesn't dispute this effect, but introduces a new mechanism that counteracts it by making the clouds more reflective. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Aerosols are perfect for seeding clouds, and with more seeds, many small cloud droplets replace fewer large droplets, which then collectively reflect more light and increase the cooling effect. (wattsupwiththat.com)
So, contrary to long-held understanding, the overall effect of the hovering smoke on the clouds near Africa appears to be a cooling one. (wattsupwiththat.com)
The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) is the pan-European research infrastructure producing high-quality data and information on short-lived atmospheric constituents and on the processes leading to the variability of these constituents in natural and controlled atmospheres. (psi.ch)
It will deliver precision data, services and procedures regarding the 4D variability of clouds, short-lived atmospheric species and the physical, optical and chemical properties of aerosols to improve the current capacity to analyse, understand and predict past, current and future evolution of the atmospheric environment. (psi.ch)
Permanent and long-term observations of aerosols, clouds and trace gases at distributed National Facilities are performed by ACTRIS ERIC member countries. (psi.ch)
7. Winker D.M., Pelon J.R., McCormick M.P. The CALIPSO mission: Spaceborne lidar for observation of aerosols and clouds // Proc. (iao.ru)

Carbonaceous aerosols include black carbon (BC) and organic carbon, and the absorbing organic carbon, named brown carbon (BrC), absorb radiation in the ultraviolet and visible spectra. (mdpi.com)
Due to the complex geometry and mixing structure, our understanding of optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols is still limited, which makes carbonaceous aerosols one of the largest uncertainties in estimating aerosol radiative forcing. (mdpi.com)
This Special Issue focuses on the measurements and modeling physicochemical and radiative properties of carbonaceous aerosols, including chemical composition, size distribution, mixing state, and optical properties, spatial and temporal distributions, and source apportionment. (mdpi.com)
Moreover, novel methods and techniques for remote sensing of properties of carbonaceous aerosols and other topics related to climate effects of carbonaceous aerosols are also welcome. (mdpi.com)

However, as of 2021, there has been little research and existing natural aerosols in the stratosphere are not well understood. (wikipedia.org)

Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of solar geoengineering (or solar radiation modification) to reduce global warming. (wikipedia.org)
It appears that stratospheric aerosol injection, at a moderate intensity, could counter most changes to temperature and precipitation, take effect rapidly, have low direct implementation costs, and be reversible in its direct climatic effects. (wikipedia.org)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes that it "is the most-researched [solar geoengineering] method, with high agreement that it could limit warming to below 1.5 °C (2.7 °F)." However, like other solar geoengineering approaches, stratospheric aerosol injection would do so imperfectly and other effects are possible, particularly if used in a suboptimal manner. (wikipedia.org)
There are multiple potential approaches, with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) being the most-studied method, followed by marine cloud brightening (MCB). (wikipedia.org)

Jie Wu;Hui Zhang;Nihal Oturan;Yan Wang. (research.com)
10. Zhang M, Emery AR, Tannyhill RJ 3rd, Zheng H, Wang J. Masks or N95 Respirators During COVID-19 Pandemic-Which One Should I Wear? (bvs.br)

We find that the observed, apparently small light absorption enhancement (Eabs) cannot reflect the overall effect of BC coatings, as it does not include the persisting absorption enhancement by the extremely low-volatile (eLV) organic coatings remaining after passing through thermodenuders. (mpic.de)
Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere and strongly influences air quality, climate, and human health. (mpic.de)
Our finding challenges the current understanding of the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol and demonstrates a strong impact of particle-phase chemistry on the fate and climate effect of soot and combustion-related organic aerosols (e.g., from wildfires and fossil fuel combustions). (mpic.de)
Most radiative transfer schemes in climate models treat organic aerosol, a major subset of atmospheric aerosols that comprise 20 %-90 % of the total particulate mass (Kanakidou et al. (copernicus.org)

We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950-2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. (harvard.edu)
Challenges in constraining anthropogenic aerosol effects on cloud radiative. (nasa.gov)

Aerosol and Air Quality Research 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 297-313. (duke.edu)

Currently available laboratory techniques aim to simulate atmospheric aerosol aging and measure the evolving light absorption, but they suffer from low sensitivity and precision. (copernicus.org)

In order to understand impacts of global warming on dust aerosol over East Asia, a regional climate model (RegCM3) coupled with a dust model is employed to simulate the present (1991-2000, following the observed concentration of the greenhouse gases) and future (2091-2100, following the A1B scenario) dust aerosol. (scipedia.com)

Sulfate aerosols can be anthropogenic (through the combustion of fossil fuels with a high sulfur content, primarily coal and certain less-refined fuels, like aviation and bunker fuel), biogenic from hydrosphere and biosphere, geological via volcanoes or weather-driven from wildfires and other natural combustion events. (wikipedia.org)
1986. Coal combustion aerosols and SO: An interdisciplinary analysis. (cdc.gov)
BC, emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass, is one of the strongest absorptive aerosols for solar radiation, representing one of the frontal research fields in current atmospheric studies. (mdpi.com)
Effect of combustion particle morphology on biological responses in a Co-culture of human lung and macrophage cells. (utah.edu)

Observation of curative effect of combined treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis with drugs, ultrasonic atomization and sinus negative pressure replacement [J]. Northern Pharmacy, 2018, 015 (006): 185. (jptcp.com)
Observation of clinical effect of budesonide suspension nasal inhalation combined with antibiotics in the treatment of children with sinusitis [J]. Northern Pharmacy, 2019, 016 (003): 44-45. (jptcp.com)

Advancements in Connecting the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Traditional and Emerging Atmospheric Aerosols with Their Climate Effects by Professor Yue ZHANG, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, U.S.A. (edu.hk)

Our results would be very useful for evaluating the improving modeling simulations of cloudy-sky DRE of aerosols. (confex.com)
For RHi effects, the frequency and magnitude of ice supersaturation are underestimated in simulations for clear-sky conditions. (copernicus.org)
For w effects, both observations and simulations show variances of w ( σ w ) decreasing from the tropics to polar regions, but simulations show much higher σ w for the in-cloud condition than the clear-sky condition. (copernicus.org)
By running computer simulations under different conditions, they determined that overall, "The seeding effect is winning," Zhang says. (wattsupwiththat.com)

Effect and safety of short-term budesonide suspension for chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps by nasal atomization [J]. Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2019, 17 (09): 116-117. (jptcp.com)
Study on the effect of amoxicillin treatment in children with sinusitis [J]. Capital Food and Medicine, 2019, 26 (09): 42. (jptcp.com)
Study on the effect of ultrasonic atomization therapy combined with sinus negative pressure replacement therapy on children with chronic sinusitis [J]. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 2019, 017 (009): 123-124. (jptcp.com)
Aerosol-scavenging isolation barrier mitigates exposure risk during endonasal procedures in coronavirus-2019. (utah.edu)

The study of dust aerosol can be dated back to the 1920s ( Hankin, 1921 ) with the focus mainly on the characteristic of strong dust events, including temporal and spatial distributions, mechanisms and structures, etc. (scipedia.com)
The analysis of observational data is a direct means of understanding the spatial and temporal distributions of BC aerosol. (frontiersin.org)
1999), which are affected by meteorological conditions and aerosol distributions. (copernicus.org)

showed that the absorptive heating of BC aerosols by shortwave radiation depends on their vertical distribution characteristics. (frontiersin.org)

2) When thermal effects were dominant, the concentration of black carbon aerosol was significantly affected by diurnal changes in the boundary layer. (frontiersin.org)
ACA is an important and interesting component of the climate system for a number of reasons, above all because its shortwave direct radiative effect (DRE) can differ significantly from that of clear-sky aerosols. (confex.com)
These characteristics vary significantly due to thermodynamic, dynamical and aerosol conditions. (copernicus.org)
Is the climate warming of black carbon (BC) significantly enhanced when it is coated by other aerosol components? (mpic.de)
A moderating effect was also found whereby low inhibitory control was significantly associated with nicotine use onset when participants were from low, but not high, SES families. (who.int)

Three experiments are performed over East Asia at a horizontal resolution of 50 km, driven by the outputs from a global model of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC3.2_hires), two without (Exp.1 for the present and Exp.2 for the future) and one with (Exp.3 for the future) the radiative effects of dust aerosols. (scipedia.com)
Effects of climate changes on dust aerosols and the feedback of radiative effects in the future are investigated by comparing differences of Exp.2 and Exp.1, Exp.3 and Exp.2, respectively. (scipedia.com)
SE Atlantic and North Pacific), the cloudy-sky DRE at TOA due to ACA is generally positive, while in regions dominated by dust aerosols (e.g. (confex.com)
The magnitude of the dust effect strongly depends on the preexisting dust surfaces, the initial conditions, and the selection of model parameters associated with surface uptake processes. (ametsoc.org)
There is a difference in the electrodes effect of 4 cm, 6 cm, and 8 cm with a decrease in dust levels in the air. (ac.ir)
The south-eastern Mediterranean experiences frequent desert dust storm events (DDS) that have been shown to be associated with adverse health effects. (who.int)

Studies of the effect of climate change on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality using general circulation models (GCMs) show inconsistent results including in the sign of the effect. (harvard.edu)
Effects of the wire-plate electrode spacing on the collection efficiency of fine particulate matter in electrostatic precipitators. (ac.ir)

The results of the modernization of the mobile aerosol Raman lidar "LOZA-A2" are presented. (iao.ru)

In addition, aerosols influence both atmospheric visibility and climate through the scattering and absorption of solar radiation (Schwartz, 1996). (nationalacademies.org)
However, such "lensing effect" was found to be much weaker on BC in ambient air than predicted by theory and lab studies, leading to intensive debate about the actual extent of the coating-induced enhancement of its light absorption and climate impact. (mpic.de)

Modeling the Direct and Indirect Effects of Atmospheric Aerosols on Tropical Cyclones. (tamu.edu)

Those processes are manifest "clean-sky" shortwave cloud radiative forcing, i.e., the shortwave cloud radiative forcing calculated as a diagnostic with aerosol optical depth set to zero (1). (nasa.gov)

The research programmes on trace gases (i.e. greenhouse gases, reactive air pollutants) and aerosols at the Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3571 m a.s.l.) are among the most comprehensive worldwide. (psi.ch)

used models to quantify this effect. (frontiersin.org)

3) When the dynamic effect was dominant, the structure of the vertical distribution of black carbon aerosol was affected by wind and by diurnal changes in the boundary layer simultaneously. (frontiersin.org)
When BC aerosol is concentrated at the top of the boundary layer, a "dome effect" is formed. (frontiersin.org)

Now that we know there are two competing mechanisms, and the seeding effect is winning, we can see whether climate models consider these processes properly when they predict the weather and climate in this area," explains Zhang. (wattsupwiththat.com)
This high level of sensitivity enables future studies to explore the major processes responsible for formation and degradation of brown carbon aerosols. (copernicus.org)

1989. Furnace-generated acid aerosols: Speciation and pulmonary effects. (cdc.gov)

The DRE of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is strongly dependent on the underlying surface. (confex.com)
The effects of future land use and land cover change on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and air quality are largely unknown. (harvard.edu)

4 m/s) removed the black carbon aerosol. (frontiersin.org)

Health effects of air pollutants: Sulfuric acid, the old and the new. (cdc.gov)

Typically, higher inorganic mass fractions lead to increased aerosol water uptake and light-scattering ability in elevated relative humidity. (copernicus.org)

The effect of budesonide suspension combined with ambroxol inhalation on the level of inflammatory factors in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery [J]. Journal of Electrocardiography (electronic version), 2018, 007 (003): 47. (jptcp.com)
The effect of nasal sinusitis oral liquid irrigation combined with nasal aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension on postoperative recovery of nasal polyps and serum cytokines [J]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 2018 (2): 3035-3038. (jptcp.com)

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