Zebrafish cone photoreceptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Previous studies of retinal regeneration in fish have been conducted on adult animals and have relied on methods that cause acute damage to both rods and cones, as well as other retinal cell types. (uky.edu)
These two genetic models therefore offer new opportunities for investigating the molecular mechanisms of selective degeneration and regeneration of rods and cones. (uky.edu)
There are two main types of photoreceptor cells: rods detect low levels of light but don't really detect color, and cones work better at bright levels of light but can detect color. (nerdfighteria.info)
In human retinas, rods and cones are pretty evenly distributed, except for a region called the fovea where there are more cones and our vision is a little sharper. (nerdfighteria.info)
Nitis pigmentosa, TIMP-1, mosaiche outer nuclear layer (ONL) with the vertebrate retina consists of a tightly packed, uniform array of rods and cones, that is essential to ensure that the visual planet is on a regular basis sampled with no empty visual space. (dhfrinhibitor.com)
This includes having larger pupils to let in more light, as well as more rods than cones in their retina. (fishyfeatures.com)
three different types of photoreceptors are present within this tissue: cones, rods and the newly discovered intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). (researchgate.net)
Researchers believe that the classical photoreceptors (e.g., the rods and the cones) are responsible for the image-forming vision, whereas the ipRGCs play a key role in the non-image forming vision. (researchgate.net)
It is also believed that a combination of classical photoreceptors (rods and cones) and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells participate in circadian phototransduction, with a spectral sensitivity peaking between 440 and 500 nm. (biomedcentral.com)
5 ] have shown that light can reset the circadian clock as well as stimulate the iris light reflex of genetically-manipulated mice without classical photoreceptors (rods and cones). (biomedcentral.com)
Figures 323 & 324 from Chapter 13 (Cilia and Flagella) of 'The Cell' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. The outer segments of the rods and cones of the vertebrate retina and many photoreceptors of invertebrates b. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Rods and cones are two primary photoreceptor cells in the eye responsible for converting light energy (photon) into electrical signal perceived by the brain to enable vision. (smb.org)

Imbalance may lead to retinal disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, a form of inherited blinding disease caused by degeneration of rod cells followed by progressive lost of cone cells. (smb.org)

The results show that the inner retinal neurons, like the photoreceptor and ganglion cells, differentiate first within the ventronasal region, and differentiation subsequently spreads asymmetrically into the nasal and dorsal regions before reaching the ventrotemporal retina. (nih.gov)
To test whether Müller glia in the adult zebrafish function as injury induced stem cells and are able to produce new neurons in response to retinal injury. (arvojournals.org)
During retina regeneration in zebrafish, these stem cell-like MGPCs produce retinal neurons and MG cells. (indiabioscience.org)
However, later intracellular marking techniques, in which dyes were injected from the electrode tips into the cytoplasm of the recorded neuron, revealed that horizontal cells, second order neurons postsynaptic to cones, were the source of the S-potentials (3, 4). (org.es)
Horizontal cells are second order neurons contacting photoreceptors directly all across the plane of the retina's outer plexiform layer. (org.es)
And baby zebrafish are like all eyes - their eyeballs make up a quarter of the total volume of their bodies and contain half of the neurons in their central nervous system. (nerdfighteria.info)

In humans, CERKL mutations cause widespread retinal degeneration: early dysfunction and loss of rod and cone photoreceptors in the outer retina and, progressively, death of cells in the inner retina. (duke.edu)
These CERKL-/- animals showed progressive degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments (OSs) and increased apoptosis of retinal cells, including those in the outer and inner retinal layers. (duke.edu)
Additionally, we confirmed by immunofluorescence and western-blot that rod degeneration in CERKL-/- zebrafish occurred earlier and was more significant than that in cone cells. (duke.edu)
Indeed, they managed to induce the production of the RAB28 protein in the cone cells, and restored the OSP defect in zebrafish models with the genetic RAB28 mutation. (fightingblindness.ie)
Molecular characterization of the rod progenitor cells demonstrated that they are committed to the rod photoreceptor fate while they are still mitotic. (uky.edu)
Cells labeled with BrdU at 4dpi become rod and cone photoreceptors as well as amacrine, bipolar, ganglion, horizontal, and Müller cells, indicating that Müller glia are a source of retina regeneration. (arvojournals.org)
In zebrafish, following retinal injury, MG cells dedifferentiate to form MG-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), which have stem cell-like properties. (indiabioscience.org)
Feedback signals adjust the gain of photoreceptor synaptic output, both as seen in the horizontal cells themselves and in the adjacent, proximally projecting bipolar cells. (org.es)
They generate spatial opponency in both cones and bipolar cells. (org.es)
They also generate color opponency in cones, bipolar cells, and chromatic horizontal-cell subtypes. (org.es)
For the reason that we studied the effects of TIMP-1 on the mosaic of cones, we needed statistical tools to examine the spatial distribution of these cells in distinct situations.42 Certainly one of essentially the most normally applied statistical measures may be the places of Voronoi domains: regions of space obtainable by enclosing each cell in the mosaic in space closest to itself than any other cells. (dhfrinhibitor.com)
To gain insight into the oncogenic mechanisms engaged by these changes, we used zebrafish models to study the functional consequences of aberrant PHOX2B expression in the cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system. (prolekarniky.cz)
Light that enters the eye activates rod and cone photoreceptors, which then activates retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
Zack, Gamm, and their teams plan to study precursor photoreceptor cells derived from human stem cells to determine what factors help coax them into becoming fully developed and connected photoreceptor cells. (nih.gov)
They expect their studies to identify a list of small molecules and candidate genes that contribute to the ability of photoreceptor cells to home in on their appropriate target cells in the retina, known as bipolar cells. (nih.gov)
In a healthy eye, bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptor cells across a synapse and then transmit this information either directly or indirectly to retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
Generating appropriate synapses between photoreceptor and bipolar cells is an essential step in restoring vision through photoreceptor transplantation. (nih.gov)
The electron micrograph in the top panel shows two invaginating synapses between cone and horizontal cells in the outer p. (cellimagelibrary.org)
To prevent accumulation of toxics caused by photo-oxidative compounds, the rod and cone cells undergo daily renewal through addition of new disks at the base of their outer segment and removal of older ones from the tip. (smb.org)
Also, when the retina is detached from the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), the rod and cone cells degenerate and if the retina is reattached on time, the cells are able to regenerate to restore vision. (smb.org)
How can degenerating rod and cone cells be rescue? (smb.org)
We focused on rod cells because survival of cone cells depends on rod cells and also the disks in the rod outer segment are discrete except few newly formed disks at the base which are still connected to the cell membrane and to one another. (smb.org)
This feature make rod cells easily trackable and obtaining experimental data quiet easier compare to cone cells. (smb.org)
[14] Studies in human models have demonstrated that Müller glia have the potential to serve as stem cells in the adult retina [15] and are efficient rod photoreceptor progenitors. (iiab.me)
[2] [17] It has been shown in zebrafish that Müller glia undergo dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells . (iiab.me)
The progenitor cell can then divide and differentiate into a number of retinal cell types, including photoreceptor cells , that may have been damaged during injury. (iiab.me)
These results indicate that cones could probably form brand-new synapses with Away bipolar cells in mature mice. (sipurpashut.net)
On the other hand, cone terminals dropped their invaginating connections with ON bipolar cells, highlighting the need for horizontal cells for synapse maintenance. (sipurpashut.net)
Used jointly, our data show that early postnatal horizontal cell ablation PI3K-gamma inhibitor 1 network marketing leads to differential redecorating in the cone pathway: whereas synapses between cones and ON bipolar cells had been lost, brand-new putative synapses had been established between Away and cones bipolar cells. (sipurpashut.net)
0.9736, or will not avoid the invagination of ON bipolar cells in to the photoreceptor terminals, indicating that the lack of these molecules isn't responsible for the increased loss of photoreceptor ribbon synapses in horizontal cell-ablated mice. (sipurpashut.net)

Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the temporal and spatial expression of Stat3 and Ascl1a proteins following rod and cone photoreceptor cell apoptosis. (zfin.org)
Knockdown of Stat3 protein expression did not affect photoreceptor apoptosis, but significantly reduced, without abolishing, the number of proliferating Ascl1a-positive Müller glia. (zfin.org)
Knockdown of Ascl1a protein also did not change the extent of photoreceptor apoptosis, but did yield significantly fewer Müller glia that reentered the cell cycle relative to the stat3 morphant and significantly decreased the number and intensity of Stat3 expressing Müller glia. (zfin.org)
We previously found that a BH3-only protein, BNip1, mediates the coa -mediated photoreceptor apoptosis. (oist.jp)
We found that failed disassembly of the syntaxin 18 cis-SNARE complex activates the BNip1-dependent photoreceptor apoptosis in the coa mutant. (oist.jp)
Through these mutant analyses, we will determine how photoreceptors monitor abnormalities in cellular functions and trigger apoptosis. (oist.jp)

Development of therapies to treat visual system dystrophies resulting from the degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors may directly benefit from studies of animal models, such as the zebrafish, that display continuous retinal neurogenesis and the capacity for injury-induced regeneration. (uky.edu)
While Ascl1a and Lin28a are required for Müller glia proliferation, Stat3 is necessary for the maximal number of Müller glia to proliferate during regeneration of the damaged zebrafish retina. (zfin.org)
A new study by researchers at IISER, Mohali, has found a new mechanism via which epigenetic factors regulate retinal regeneration in zebrafish. (indiabioscience.org)
A new study from a group of scientists from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali , sheds light on the mechanism of retinal regeneration in zebrafish. (indiabioscience.org)
Headed by Rajesh Ramachandran, the researchers tried to understand the role played by a group of enzymes called Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in Zebrafish retinal regeneration. (indiabioscience.org)
In order to observe retinal regeneration in action, the researchers performed retinal injury on zebrafish. (indiabioscience.org)

We have compared the responses to selective rod or cone degeneration using, respectively, the XOPS-mCFP transgenic line and zebrafish with a null mutation in the pde6c gene. (uky.edu)

In this review article, the scientists highlight their work on one of the genes found to cause autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), the RAB28 gene . (fightingblindness.ie)
To address this question, we plan to screen genes that are expressed by a limited cone types and examine changes of the cone mosaic pattern caused by loss-of-function of each candidate gene. (oist.jp)

[5] Studies using a zebrafish model of Usher syndrome have implicated a role for Müller glia in synaptogenesis, the formation of synapses . (iiab.me)

Furthermore, more than one hundred hereditary retinal diseases causing photoreceptor degeneration have been identified in humans. (oist.jp)
Photoreceptors provide a useful model for studying such a surveillance mechanism of neuronal development and homeostasis, because there are many hereditary retinal diseases in humans associated with photoreceptor degeneration. (oist.jp)

Furthermore, type 3a, 3b, and 4 OFF bipolar cell dendrites sprouted in to the external nuclear layer as well as portrayed glutamate receptors at the bottom of newly produced cone terminals. (sipurpashut.net)

We further found that the phagocytosis-associated protein MERTK was significantly reduced in CERKL-/- zebrafish. (duke.edu)
Since then the team have shown that in mice and zebrafish, this Rab28 protein functions in the photoreceptor cell's outer segment (modified cilium). (retina-international.org)
thrb:tdTomato) in which each cone type is labeled by a distinct combination of fluorescent protein expressions. (oist.jp)
We focus on zebrafish mutants, in which photoreceptor degeneration is caused by defects in protein synthesis in ER, protein transport from ER to the apical photoreceptive membrane region, and phototransduction. (oist.jp)

Dysfunction or defects in cilia are now understood to underlie a number of genetic forms of retina conditions such as cone-rod dystrophy, Usher syndrome and Bardet-Biedel syndrome. (retina-international.org)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. (wikipedia.org)

We report here the use of a genetic approach to study progenitor cell responses to photoreceptor degeneration in the larval and adult zebrafish retina. (uky.edu)
Adult cones (P56) finally shown extremely branched axons with many terminals which included ribbons and vesicular glutamate transporters. (sipurpashut.net)

Scholars@Duke publication: CERKL gene knockout disturbs photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and causes rod-cone dystrophy in zebrafish. (duke.edu)
We conclude that CERKL deficiency in zebrafish may cause rod-cone dystrophy, but not cone-rod dystrophy, while interfering with the phagocytosis function of RPE associated with down-regulation of the expression of MERTK. (duke.edu)
This three year project thus aims to increasing understanding of Rab28 and potential role in cone-rod dystrophy. (retina-international.org)

The blue cone identity is ensured by selective expression of blue (sws2) opsin, and the mechanism is poorly understood because sws2 gene has been lost in mammalian species such as mouse, whose visual system has been extensively studied. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Here, we pursued loss-of-function studies on transcription factors expressed predominantly in zebrafish cone photoreceptors and identified Foxq2 as a blue cone specific factor driving sws2 gene expression. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Developmental neurobiology unit uses zebrafish as an animal model and will elucidate genetic program that regulate eye development. (oist.jp)
Second, we will investigate mechanisms that regulate photoreceptor degeneration. (oist.jp)

Retinal differentiation in the zebrafish corresponds with that generally described in other vertebrates and can be correlated with the development of visual and electroretinographic responses in the animal. (nih.gov)
We are currently investigating three research topics: (1) photoreceptor differentiation, (2) photoreceptor degeneration and (3) lens development. (oist.jp)

Although theoretical approaches were taken to understand cone mosaic formation mechanisms previously, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying formation of the precise lattice pattern are poorly understood. (oist.jp)
An increase in the percentage of melatonin suppression and an increase in pupil constriction for the mercury source relative to the blue light source at night were found, suggesting a temporal change in the contribution of photoreceptor mechanisms leading to melatonin suppression and, possibly, iris constriction by light in humans. (biomedcentral.com)

Zebrafish four cone types form a strikingly precise lattice pattern, namely cone mosaic. (oist.jp)
Immunolabeling of retinal entire mounts for cone arrestin verified that the standard mosaic of cone terminals PI3K-gamma inhibitor 1 bought at P15, P21 and P56 PI3K-gamma inhibitor 1 in the OPL of control mice (Statistics 4A,B,E,F,ICL) was absent in age-matched = 3) and horizontal cell-ablated retinae (= 3) (P56). (sipurpashut.net)

Among its many layers is a layer of rod and cone photoreceptors, which is further subdivided into outer and inner segments. (indiabioscience.org)

The zebrafish is named for the five uniform, pigmented, horizontal, blue stripes on the side of the body, which are reminiscent of a zebra's stripes, and which extend to the end of the caudal fin. (wikipedia.org)
In wild-type mice, all examined cone somata (670/670) had been localized in the distal ONL, whereas in horizontal cell-ablated mice, 99.3% (664/669) from the cone somata were correctly positioned and 0.7% (5/669) from the cone somata were found mispositioned in the proximal ONL, distal INL, or OPL. (sipurpashut.net)

Prof. Kennedy's recent review article describes the use of zebrafish as a model both for the development of gene therapies for IRDs as well as a potential diagnostic tool. (fightingblindness.ie)
Given that there are no clinical trials for the RAB28- related CORD cases, Prof. Kennedy and his team, stress the importance of using zebrafish in order to progress human RAB28 gene therapies. (fightingblindness.ie)
As a pilot experiments, we perturbed red cone genesis by disrupting the thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 (thrb2) gene using the CRISPR/cas9 system. (oist.jp)
To identify the photoreceptive molecule that regulates photoperiodic responses, in the present study, we have cloned and characterized the cDNA encoding an opsin gene expressed in the ayu brain, a putative site of the photoreceptor for photoperiodism. (bioone.org)

They act like microscopic train-tracks and allow the transport of vital molecules from one end of the photoreceptor to the other. (retina-international.org)

Foxq2 has dual functions acting as an activator of sws2 transcription and as a suppressor of UV (sws1) opsin transcription in blue cones. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Statistical and Quantification Evaluation For the quantification of cones, we counted the amount of cone somata in cone arrestin-stained vertical parts of = 3) and = 3) mice. (sipurpashut.net)

Most vertebrate lineages retain a tetrachromatic visual system, which is supported by a functional combination of spectrally distinct multiple cone photoreceptors, ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red cones. (regenerativemedicine.net)

So the parts of the retina getting light from the strike zone, which is just a cool term researchers use for the horizon of the fish's vision, have more cones sensitive to UV light. (nerdfighteria.info)

For her PhD, which was done in collaboration with Leon Lagnado, Tessa looked at how cone-photoreceptors in the live zebrafish eye encode visual stimuli at the level of glutamate release. (badenlab.org)

Photoreceptor degeneration is an important topic for medical research, because more than 300 genetic mutations are associated with photoreceptor degeneration in humans. (oist.jp)

The zebrafish is an important and widely used vertebrate model organism in scientific research, for example in drug development, in particular pre-clinical development. (wikipedia.org)

However, localization and characteristics of the photoreceptor that mediates photoperiodism in gonadal development remain to be determined. (bioone.org)

An area within the temporal retina characterized by tightly packed and highly tiered cones emerges with subsequent development. (nih.gov)

In contrast, cone degeneration induces both Müller cell proliferation and reactive gliosis, with little change in proliferation in the ONL. (uky.edu)

This study is the first detailed description of how vision works in a vertebrate that has 4 kinds of color photoreceptors, not a measly 3 like humans. (nerdfighteria.info)

Light regulates physiological, behavioral and biochemical activities in vertebrates through photoreceptors. (bioone.org)
Vertebrates perceive their environment (shapes, colors and irradiance) through rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina. (bioone.org)

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