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Deoxynivalenol and zearalenoneFumonisinsToxinAflatoxinsOchratoxinAflatoxinEnzyme linkeCerealsToxicityPresence of zearalenoneMetabolitesCornBeta-zearalenolApoptosisGrainsEffects of zearalenoneConcentration of zearalenoneToxinsResorcylicExposureEthinyl estradiolVitroEstrogenConjugateELISA KitAntibodyMaizePigsSubstancesEstrogenic activityBarleySamplesConcentrationsDetectionUterus2000StrainsDeveloped and validatedMetabolismSowsChemicalFeedstuffsCows
Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone8
Fumonisins2
Toxin3
Aflatoxins1
Ochratoxin1
  • Note: A minimum of 0.20 ppm ochratoxin A can cause a reduction in weight gain and mild renal lesions in finishing pigs at slaughter, and a minimum of 1 ppm zearalenone can cause vulvovaginitis and prolapse in prepubertal gilts. (aasv.org)
Aflatoxin3
Enzyme linke3
  • Zearalenone ELISA Test Kit is a quantitative assay based on the principle of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. (rapidtest.com)
  • A Magnetic Nanoparticle Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Quantification of Zearalenone in Cereal and Feed Samples. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • The presence of zearalenone (ZEN) in Korean foods such as barley, barley-based foods, corn, corn-based foods, fruits and vegetables was investigated by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and the liquid chromatography (LC) method. (elsevier.com)
Cereals4
Toxicity4
  • 1997). A detailed review of 339 publications on zearalenone, including physico-chemical data, isolation and purification, analytical methods, mycology, laboratory and natural production, occurrence and stability in foods and feeds, and toxicity is available (Kuiper-Goodman et al. (inchem.org)
  • Tunisian researchers looked into the protective effect of aqueous extract of Allium sativum (garlic) against zearalenone toxicity mediated by oxidative stress. (allaboutfeed.net)
  • Abid-Essefi S, Zaied C, Bouaziz C, Salem IB, Kaderi R, Bacha H (2012) Protective effect of aqueous extract of Allium sativum against zearalenone toxicity mediated by oxidative stress. (springer.com)
  • The effects of nonsteroidal mycotoxin zearalenone on the lymphoid tissue of thymus in a sense of investigating the subacute toxicity Wistar-albino rats have been examined in the course of the study. (bjbms.org)
Presence of zearalenone2
Metabolites2
Corn4
Beta-zearalenol1
  • The maximum concentrations in the milk of one cow given an oral dose of 6000 mg zearalenone (equivalent to 12 mg/kg bw), 6.1 g/L zearalenone, 4 g/L alpha-zearalenol, and 6.6 g/L beta-zearalenol were found. (inchem.org)
Apoptosis3
  • Banjerdpongchai R, Kongtawelert P, Khantamat O, Srisomsap C, Chokchaichamnankit D, Subhasitanont P, Svasti J (2010) Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways cooperate in zearalenone-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells. (springer.com)
  • Ben Salem I, Prola A, Boussabbeh M, Guilbert A, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S (2015a) Crocin and Quercetin protect HCT116 and HEK293 cells from Zearalenone-induced apoptosis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. (springer.com)
  • Dorić M, Radović S, Babić M, Kuskunović S, Tomić I, Selak I. Zearalenone-induced Lymphophagocytosis (T Cell Apoptosis) on the Rat's Thymus. (bjbms.org)
Grains1
  • 1990). Zearalenone may be transmitted from contaminated grains into beer at various stages of the brewing process. (inchem.org)
Effects of zearalenone2
Concentration of zearalenone2
  • The highest concentration of zearalenone was 199 g/kg, found in alternatively grown rye (Marx et al. (inchem.org)
  • The optical densities of the controls form the standard curve, and the sample optical densities are plotted against the curve to calculate the exact concentration of zearalenone. (neogen.com)
Toxins2
  • Amongst all livestock animals, swine have a low glucuronidation capacity and are therefore the most sensitive to zearalenone as well as to other toxins. (pigprogress.net)
  • Zearalenone is one of the main toxins that is responsible for causing abortion, infertility and other bleeding problems. (elisakits.co.uk)
Resorcylic2
Exposure4
  • Lai F , Liu X , Li N , Zhang R , Zhao Y , Feng Y , Nyachoti CM , Shen W , Li L , . Phosphatidylcholine could protect the defect of zearalenone exposure on follicular development and oocyte maturation. (aging-us.com)
  • Overall, the dietary exposure of the Korean population to zearalenone from white and brown rice was found to be lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.5 μg kg −1 bw day −1 . (elsevier.com)
  • In order to better understand the effects of dietary exposure to ethinyl estradiol (EE2, 0.03-1 μg/kg body weight [bw]) and zearalenone (ZEA, 0.03-1 mg/kg bw), an immature rat uterotrophic assay was performed and effects were studied at morphological, histological, and gene expression levels. (oup.com)
  • The results also suggested that the beneficial effect of NZ could be additionally considered as an indicator of the amelioration of zearalenone exposure consequences. (nih.gov)
Ethinyl estradiol1
  • Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive pills, whereas zearalenone (ZEA) is a natural mycoestrogen found with increasing prevalence in various cereal crops. (mtak.hu)
Vitro1
  • Ben Salah-Abbès J, Abbès S, Ouanes Z, Abdel-Wahhab MA, Bacha H, Oueslati R (2009) Isothiocyanate from the Tunisian radish ( Raphanus sativus ) prevents genotoxicity of Zearalenone in vivo and in vitro. (springer.com)
Estrogen4
  • In addition to its actions on the classical estrogen receptors, zearalenone has been found to act as an agonist of the GPER (GPR30). (wikipedia.org)
  • Zearalenone shows a strong estrogen-like activity. (rapidtest.com)
  • Zearalenone and its derivates were used as veterinary anabolic or estrogen substitutes. (fermentek.com)
  • To compare gene expression profiles in response to estrogen or 17b-estradiol (E2) and a mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEA), and its analogues (collectively termed ZEA compounds), breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with 10 nM of E2 or ZEA compounds including ZEA, a-zearalenol, b-zearalenol, zearalanone, a-zearalanol and b-zearalanol. (scribd.com)
Conjugate2
  • Free zearalenone in the samples and controls is allowed to compete with enzyme-labeled zearalenone (conjugate) for the antibody binding sites. (neogen.com)
  • A zearalenone conjugate is bound on the surface of a microtiter plate. (rapidtest.com)
ELISA Kit2
Antibody4
  • Competitive immunoassay-validated hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Zearalenone / Zearalenol)]with anti-Hapten antibody. (genemedi.net)
  • The hapten hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Zearalenone / Zearalenol)] had been validated with our anti-Hapten antibody[Anti-Zearalenone / Zearalenol mouse monoclonal antibody] via competitive ELISA test. (genemedi.net)
  • Monoclonal antibody, zearalenone, hybridoma technology. (psmpublishers.org)
  • A monoclonal antibody (mcAb) specific to zearalenone was produced from hybridoma cell line 5A8. (psmpublishers.org)
Maize2
  • 1996). Zearalenone was found in 30% of 2271 maize samples collected in Buenos Aires and Santa Fe provinces of Argentina in 1983-94, at an average concentration of 165 g/kg (yearly variation, 46-300 g/kg) and a maximum of 2000 g/kg (Resnik et al. (inchem.org)
  • The aim of the work was to investigate whether such stimulants as 24- epi brassinolide (EPI) and zearalenone (ZEN) may alleviate effects of salinity in bread and durum wheat, maize, and sorghum plants. (openagrar.de)
Pigs3
  • Is zearalenone (ZEA) a problem for pigs? (pigprogress.net)
  • The effects of different levels of natural clay enterosorbent on the growth, nutrient availability, and genital organs of post-weaning female pigs fed with an addition of zearalenone (ZEA) were investigated in the study. (koreascience.or.kr)
  • The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) causes functional and morphological alterations in reproductive organs of pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
Substances3
  • Zearalenone--undesirable substances in feed. (fermentek.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate, whether low doses 25 % of no observable adverse effect levels values of zearalenone ZEN can affect the expression of active substances in nerve fibers in the muscular layer of porcine ileum. (duhnnae.com)
  • Low doses of zearalenone caused the clear changes in the expression of substances studied. (duhnnae.com)
Estrogenic activity1
Barley1
  • Zearalenone was found in 11-80% of samples of wheat and 7-68% samples of barley for feed use collected randomly in south-west Germany in 1987 and 1989-93, with mean yearly contents of 3-180 g/kg in wheat (highest value, 8000 g/kg) and 3-36 g/kg in barley (highest value, 310 g/kg) (M ller et al. (inchem.org)
Samples1
  • Zearalenone was found in 40 out of 201 grain samples, with average concentrations of 24 g/kg in wheat and 51 g/kg in rye in alternatively produced crops and 6 g/kg in wheat and 4 g/kg in rye in conventionally produced samples. (inchem.org)
Concentrations2
  • Veratox MAX for Zearalenone is a competitive direct ELISA in a microwell format which allows the user to obtain exact concentrations in parts per billion (ppb). (neogen.com)
  • Dänicke Sven, Keese Christina, Meyer Ulrich, Starke Alexander, Kinoshita Asako, Rehage Jürgen (2014): Zearalenone (ZEN) metabolism and residue concentrations in physiological specimens of dairy cows exposed long-term to ZEN-contaminated diets differing in concentrate feed proportions. (agriculturejournals.cz)
Detection1
  • Zearalenone was eluted from the column with methanol and quantified by HPLC with fluorescence detection (λex = 274 nm, λem = 440 nm). (jfda-online.com)
Uterus1
  • Thus zearalenone can cause an enlargement of the uterus, diminution of the ovarian glands and even infertility. (rapidtest.com)
20001
  • ZEA and its derivatives are an important class of endocrine disrupters, which can cause estrogenic effects and alterations in the reproductive tract of laboratory and domestic animals ( World Health Organization (WHO). (2000): Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Zearalenone. Fifty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Feed Additives. WHO Technical Report Series, 896 , 93-96. " data-html="true" data-placement="bottom" data-toggle="tooltip">WHO, 2000 ). (go.jp)
Strains1
  • El-Nezami H., Polychronaki N., Salminen S., Mykkanen H. (2002): Binding Rather Than Metabolism May Explain the Interaction of Two Food-Grade Lactobacillus Strains with Zearalenone and Its Derivative -Zearalenol. (agriculturejournals.cz)
Developed and validated1
Metabolism2
Sows2
Chemical2
  • Figure 1 - Chemical structure of zearalenone compared to 17 β-Oestradiol. (pigprogress.net)
  • Chemical structures of (A) 17β-estradiol (E2), (B) zearalenone (ZEN), (C) α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), (D) 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN), and (E) xanthohumol (XAN). (frontiersin.org)
Feedstuffs1
Cows4
  • 1995). Zearalenone can be excreted into milk after lactating cows are fed it in high doses. (inchem.org)
  • 0.5 g/L) of three lactating cows fed 50 or 165 mg zearalenone (equivalent to 0.1 and 0.33 mg/kg bw) for 21 days (Prelusky et al. (inchem.org)
  • When a considerable amount of zearalenone contaminated feed is taken up by cows, it can also be detected in their milk. (rapidtest.com)
  • When a large quantity of zearalenone contaminated feed is taken up by cows, this can be found to be detected in their milk, there is also suggestions that it can also be found in beer. (elisakits.co.uk)