Y. pestis was discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin, a Swiss/French physician and bacteriologist from the Pasteur Institute, during an epidemic of the plague in Hong Kong. (wikipedia.org)
The most well-known disease caused by Yersinia pestis is the Bubonic plague. (aboutdarwin.com)
Yesterday I introduced criticisms that have been raised against Y. pestis causation of the Black Death and subsequent plague outbreaks. (scienceblogs.com)
They use similar documentation to argue that individuals were well-versed in symptoms of the plague and recognized it immediately when it showed up in a village, but they then discount this recognition when it comes to the actual discovery of the putative causative agent of the plague, Y. pestis , in 1894, or even to the 1720 Marseille outbreak I mentioned in the previous post. (scienceblogs.com)
Despite its reputation as a scourge of antiquity, Yersinia pestis --the bacterium that causes bubonic plague-- still causes thousands of human illnesses every year . (scienceblogs.com)
When Y. pestis was first confirmed as the cause of bubonic plague during an 1894 outbreak in Hong Kong , most people assumed that we also now knew the cause of the 14th-century Black Death, and the later plague outbreaks that resurfaced periodically. (scienceblogs.com)
More recently, we've been able to test these claims, using paleomicrobiology to look for molecular evidence of Y. pestis in skeletons that presumably died of plague. (scienceblogs.com)
Two of the authors (SW and JM) have previously argued that the epidemiology, virulence, and population dynamics of the Black Death were too different from those factors of modern yersinial plague to have been caused by Y. pestis (13). (scienceblogs.com)
Until recently, it was not certain whether the bacterium Yersinia pestis -- known to cause the plague today -- was responsible for that most deadly outbreak of disease ever. (sciencedaily.com)
Now, the University of Tübingen's Institute of Scientific Archaeology and McMaster University in Canada have been able to confirm that Yersinia pestis was behind the great plague. (sciencedaily.com)
Without a doubt, the plague pathogen known today as Y. pestis was also the cause of the plague in the Middle Ages," says Krause, who is well known for his DNA sequencing of ancient hominin finds, which help trace relationships between types of prehistoric man and modern humans. (sciencedaily.com)
While studying Yersinia pestis , the bacteria responsible for epidemics of plague such as the Black Death, Wyndham Lathem, Ph.D., assistant professor in microbiology-immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, found a single small genetic change that fundamentally influenced the evolution of the deadly pathogen, and thus the course of human history. (phys.org)
The team examined ancestral strains of the bacteria in mouse models to learn when Y. pestis gained the ability to infect the lungs and cause the severe form of the disease known as pneumonic plague . (phys.org)
In the most ancestral of all currently existing Y. pestis strains, they showed how the bacteria could successfully colonize the lungs but could not cause the severe disease associated with pneumonic plague. (phys.org)
The lab also looked at variations of the gene Pla and discovered that a single modification only found in modern strains of Y. pestis was a critical adaptation for the bacteria to spread in the body and infect the lymph nodes, a form of the infection that causes bubonic plague. (phys.org)
According to Lathem, the surprising conclusion from this aspect of the study is that, contrary to current thinking in the field, Y. pestis may have first evolved as a respiratory pathogen before it could cause the more common form of disease, bubonic plague. (phys.org)
Lathem said the new research may explain how Y. pestis transitioned from causing only localized outbreaks of plague to the pandemic spread of Y. pestis such as the sixth century's Justinian Plague and the fourteenth century's Black Death. (phys.org)
From 1966 to 1982, 861 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from plague foci in Northeastern Brazil. (scielo.br)
It has been argued that each of the biovars was associated with one of the plague pandemics ( 14 , 20 , 34 ), and recent studies have tried to provide direct evidence of whether Y. pestis was associated with any of the historical pandemics ( 15 , 44 ). (asm.org)
Relative immunogenicity and protection potential of candidate Yersinia Pestis antigens against lethal mucosal plague challenge in Balb/C mice. (umassmed.edu)
Wang S, Joshi S, Mboudjeka I, Liu F, Ling T, Goguen JD, Lu S. Relative immunogenicity and protection potential of candidate Yersinia Pestis antigens against lethal mucosal plague challenge in Balb/C mice. (umassmed.edu)
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic to the Caucasus region but few reference strain genome sequences from that region are available. (pacb.com)
Antibiotic therapy of plague is hampered by the recent isolation of Yersinia pestis strain resistant to all of antibiotics recommended for cure. (usf.edu)
Far from being simply the tale of those sad days when the Black Plague scattered death and disease over Europe, "Yersinia Pestis" is above all an observation on the caducity of life and the misery of humankind. (8merch.com)
Laboratory mice are well known to be highly susceptible to virulent strains of Yersinia pestis in experimental models of bubonic plague. (pasteur.fr)
Study on variability of Yersinia pestis in plague natural foci of Hebei province, China [J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2018, 29(1): 100-102. (bmsw.net.cn)
Study on Yersinia-like bacteria in the plague natural foci of Hebei province [J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2017, 28(6): 586-588. (bmsw.net.cn)
The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. (cam.ac.uk)
By sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known Yersinia pestis. (cam.ac.uk)
Plague is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. (shelbycountytn.gov)
https://meganursingtutors.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Meganursingtutors-300x59.png 0 0 Joseph https://meganursingtutors.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Meganursingtutors-300x59.png Joseph 2021-02-26 20:31:47 2021-02-26 20:31:47 what is Yersinia pestis (the bacteria that causes plague)? (meganursingtutors.com)
Recent molecular clues from ancient plague victims have suggested that plague may have been caused by the same bacterium, Yersinia pestis , which was responsible for the Black Death. (eurekalert.org)
Our research confirms that the Justinianic plague reached far beyond the historically documented affected region and provides new insights into the evolutionary history of Yersinia pestis , illustrating the potential of ancient genomic reconstructions to broaden our understanding of pathogen evolution and of historical events," said research colleague Michal Feldman. (eurekalert.org)
Plague , caused by Yersinia pestis , is characterized by quiescent periods punctuated by rapidly spreading epizootics. (bvsalud.org)
The substrate-binding protein YfeA (also known as YPO2439 or y1897) is a polyspecific metal-binding protein that is crucial for nutrient acquisition and virulence in Yersinia pestis, the causative microbe of plague. (uky.edu)
Susceptibility to Yersinia pestis experimental infection in wild Rattus rattus, reservoir of plague in Madagascar. (hal.science)
In Madagascar, the black rat, Rattus rattus, is the main reservoir of plague (Yersinia pestis infection), a disease still responsible for hundreds of cases each year in this country. (hal.science)
Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. (who.int)
johnsoni flea, is a known vector for the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis . (cdc.gov)
citation needed] Several complete genome sequences are available for various strains and subspecies of Y. pestis: strain KIM (of biovar Y. p. medievalis), and strain CO92 (of biovar Y. p. orientalis, obtained from a clinical isolate in the United States). (wikipedia.org)
Genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM. (genome.jp)
It is very important to have the genome sequenced for Y. pestis because this organism is capable of causing very fatal diseases. (kenyon.edu)
Having the genome sequenced also means that they are able to determine other species that are related to yersinia pestis which can prevent future outbreaks. (kenyon.edu)
Genome assemblies for 11 Yersinia pestis strains isolated in the Caucasus region. (pacb.com)
In addition to revealing new insights in the molecular evolution of Yersinia pestis since the Byzantine times, the new sequence shows features that could not detected due to the limitations in the coverage of a draft genome previously reported by Wagner*, including 30 newly identified mutations and structural rearrangements unique to the Justinianic strain. (eurekalert.org)
Bacterium5
formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium without spores that is related to both Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the pathogen from which Y. pestis evolved and responsible for the Far East scarlet-like fever. (wikipedia.org)
Y. pestis is a non-motile coccobacillus, a facultative anaerobic bacterium with bipolar staining (giving it a safety pin appearance) that produces an antiphagocytic slime layer. (wikipedia.org)
Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. (aboutdarwin.com)
Let's delve into the signs, symptoms, and conditions associated with Yersinia Pestis- a bacterium that is known to trigger serious illnesses. (aboutdarwin.com)
June 15, 2022 The Black Death, the biggest pandemic of our history, was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and lasted in Europe between the years 1346 and 1353. (sciencedaily.com)
Strains7
At the time, the papers got press not necessarily because of what they explained, but because the ancient Y. pestis strains looked fairly ordinary --there was nothing obvious to suggest why, from the bacterial point of view, the Black Death was so deadly. (scienceblogs.com)
They found the newly mutated strain had gained the ability to cause respiratory infection identically to modern strains of Y. pestis that cause disease today, demonstrating that the Pla gene was necessary for Y. pestis to infect the lungs. (phys.org)
We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. (asm.org)
The results presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. (asm.org)
A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. (asm.org)
Y. pestis strains have historically been classified according to their ability to utilize glycerol and reduce nitrate and have been grouped into three main subtypes or biovars: antiqua, medievalis, and orientalis. (asm.org)
Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago. (cam.ac.uk)
Bacteria6
When I think of infamous bacteria, the one that always comes to mind is Yersinia pestis. (aboutdarwin.com)
Within these host cells, Yersinia pestis multiplies until they rupture-releasing more bacteria that continue this destructive cycle. (aboutdarwin.com)
Yersinia pestis is a rod shaped gram-negative bacteria that can also have a spherical shape. (kenyon.edu)
A scanning electron microscope micrograph depicting a mass of Yersinia pestis bacteria in the foregut of an infected flea. (phys.org)
In addition, they found that no other changes to Y. pestis were required, even though the bacteria has continued to gain and lose genes over the last several thousand years. (phys.org)
Moreover, these infections the survival of Yersinia and other bacteria show a modest predilection for males, with in cold enrichment. (who.int)
It was shown that Y. pestis recently diverged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , an enteropathogen, and likely comprises a clonal lineage ( 1 , 3 , 37 , 40 ). (asm.org)
Species4
Similar to other Yersinia species, it tests negative for urease, lactose fermentation, and indole. (wikipedia.org)
It also hosts two other plasmids, pPCP1 (also called pPla or pPst) and pMT1 (also called pFra) that are not carried by the other Yersinia species. (wikipedia.org)
Yersinia pestis has three sub species in which only two have been sequenced, strain KIM and strain CO92. (kenyon.edu)
Infection5
This regurgitation spreads Yersinia pestis into the new host - and thus begins infection. (aboutdarwin.com)
The major defense against Y pestis infection is the development of specific anti-envelope (F1) antibodies, which serve as opsonins for the virulent organisms, allowing their rapid phagocytosis and destruction while still within the initial infectious locus. (kenyon.edu)
In a paper published in Nature Communications , Lathem and first author Daniel Zimbler, Ph.D., a Feinberg post-doctoral fellow, demonstrated how the acquisition of a single gene caused the shift of Y. pestis from causing a primarily gastrointestinal infection to a more serious and often fatal respiratory disease. (phys.org)
Lathem proposed that the bacteria's acquisition of the gene Pla enhanced its ability to cause infection in the lungs and was all that this ancestral strain of Y. pestis needed to produce a fatal lung infection. (phys.org)
The SEG strain therefore offers an invaluable opportunity to unravel mechanisms and underlying genetic factors of resistance against Y. pestis infection. (pasteur.fr)
Enterocolitica2
Antibodies to Y. enterocolitica were raised for rapid Yersinia detection in the stool. (who.int)
Des anticorps anti-Y enterocolitica ont été cultivés afin de permettre la détection rapide de Yersinia dans les selles. (who.int)
Causative3
Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. (asm.org)
The causative agent, Yersinia pestis , primarily infects a wide range of rodents and is transmitted via flea vectors. (asm.org)
For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Yersinia pestis . (wikidoc.org)
Lineage1
We find the origins of the Yersinia pestis lineage to be at least two times older than previous estimates. (cam.ac.uk)
Outbreaks1
Basically, many of those advocating "not Y. pestis " pointed to differences in the epidemiology of the Black Death compared to modern outbreaks of Y. pestis . (scienceblogs.com)
Humans1
Two key bridging vectors of Y. pestis to humans , Oropsylla montana ( Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) or Xenopsylla cheopis ( Siphonaptera Pulicidae), were used in our study to test this hypothesis. (bvsalud.org)
Taxonomy1
Taxonomy browser (Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus str. (nih.gov)
Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. (scienceblogs.com)
Flea5
Yersinia pestis is a parasite of its host, the rat flea, which is also a parasite of rats, hence Y. pestis is a hyperparasite. (wikipedia.org)
The consumed Yersinia pestis multiplies inside the flea and forms a plugged mass, which blocks its digestion. (aboutdarwin.com)
Y. pestis causes diseases through a bite of an infected rat or flea, but can also be transmitted by air. (kenyon.edu)
Y. pestis grows in the midgut and eventually blocks the proventriculus, starving the flea for blood. (kenyon.edu)
Within the blocked flea model, Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) has been shown to be important for facilitating colonization of the midgut within the flea . (bvsalud.org)
Rodents1
Yersinia pestis is found in rodents and their fleas in many areas around the world. (shelbycountytn.gov)
Vaccine2
8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3410-05-P DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [Docket No. APHIS-2013-0020] Availability of an Environmental Assessment for Field Testing of a Yersinia Pestis Vaccine, Live Raccoon Poxvirus Vector Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. (justia.com)
AGENCY: We are advising the public that the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has prepared an environmental assessment concerning authorization to ship for the purpose of field testing, and then to field test, an unlicensed Yersinia Pestis Vaccine, Live Raccoon Poxvirus Vector. (justia.com)
Organism1
As a biologist, I am fascinated by the complexity and diversity of biological organisms, and one such organism that piques my curiosity is Yersinia pestis. (aboutdarwin.com)
18941
Yersinia pestis was discovered in Hong Kong in 1894 by a Swiss physician Alexandre Yersin, who was a student of the Pasteur school of thought. (kenyon.edu)
Disease3
Our findings demonstrate how Y. pestis had the ability to cause a severe respiratory disease very early in its evolution. (phys.org)
Although human disease is rare, Y. pestis is dangerous and highly infectious and thus has been identified as having potential for use in bioterrorism or as a biological weapon. (asm.org)
Yersiniosis is a rare disease in Muslim of Yersinia from the stool samples only to countries due to the scarcity of pork con- determine the highest possible number of sumption. (who.int)
Lungs1
Many novel sRNAs were identified from Y. pestis grown in vitro and in the infected lungs of mice suggesting they play role in bacterial physiology or pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
19441
it was renamed Yersinia pestis in 1944. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogenesis1
Together, these plasmids, and a pathogenicity island called HPI, encode several proteins that cause the pathogenesis for which Y. pestis is famous. (wikipedia.org)
Infectious3
Instead, Yersinia pestis has more of an infectious pathway. (aboutdarwin.com)
Though they note that the time from appearance of symptoms to death averaged around 5 days (which fits in quite well with Y. pestis ), they argue that victims only became symptomatic after a long incubation period (~32 days) during which they were infectious but asymptomatic. (scienceblogs.com)
He is the author of numerous review articles on Y pestis and is the senior editor of the recent book Biological Weapons Defense, Infectious Diseases and Counterbioterrorism. (nih.gov)
Toxin1
Yersinia murine toxin is not required for early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) or Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). (bvsalud.org)
Abstract1
ABSTRACT All 250 children presenting with diarrhoea at 2 teaching hospitals in Mosul, Iraq over a 9-month period were studied for the presence of Yersinia spp. (who.int)
Epidemic1
He linked Y. pestis to the bubonic plauge, an epidemic that ravaged Europe during the 1300s. (kenyon.edu)
Fleas2
pFra codes for a phospholipase D that is important for the ability of Y. pestis to be transmitted by fleas. (wikipedia.org)
Fleas were infected with a mutant strain of Y. pestis containing a non-functional ymt that was shown previously to be incapable of colonizing the midgut and were then allowed to feed on SKH-1 mice 3 days p.i. (bvsalud.org)
Black Death2
However, there has been lingering resistance to the idea that Y. pestis actually caused the Black Death. (scienceblogs.com)
Instead of Yersinia , some authors have suggested that the Black Death was instead caused by a hemorrhagic fever virus , or perhaps by an unknown microbe that went extinct sometime in the last 600 years. (scienceblogs.com)
Infections1
Through an exploration of its life cycle to typical diseases it causes, biochemical tests for its identification, and crucially, how we can prevent and treat infections caused by it - you'll gain a comprehensive understanding of Yersinia pestis. (aboutdarwin.com)