Yaws endemic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Treponematosis, also known as treponemiasis, traditionally refers to the group of nonvenereal diseases (including endemic syphilis [nonvenereal syphilis]) caused by Treponema species that are morphologically and serologically identical to each other and to Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, the cause of venereal syphilis . (medscape.com)
In humans, the pathogenic treponemes include T pallidum pallidum (syphilis), Treponema pallidum pertenue ( yaws ), Treponema pallidum endemicum (bejel or endemic syphilis), and Treponema carateum (pinta). (medscape.com)
Endemic syphilis (bejel) ( T pallidum endemicum ) is typically spread among children, most commonly in the Middle East and the southern regions of the Sahara Desert. (medscape.com)
Handbook of endemic treponematoses: yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta. (cdc.gov)
Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. (wikipedia.org)
Pinta (disease) Syphilis Yaws Mitjà O, Šmajs D, Bassat Q (2013). (wikipedia.org)
Treponemas caused several infectious diseases including pinta, yaws, and syphilis. (rarediseases.org)
Yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel) , and pinta collectively constitute the endemic treponematoses. (medscape.com)
Similar to syphilis, yaws can persist for years as a chronic, relapsing disease. (medscape.com)
Yaws is caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue, a slender spirochete that is serologically indistinguishable from the spirochete T pallidum , which causes syphilis. (medscape.com)
The Serodia TP-PA test is a treponemal test for the serologic detection of antibodies to the various species and subspecies of pathogenic Treponema , the causative agents of syphilis, yaws, pinta, bejel, and endemic syphilis. (cdc.gov)
Yaws is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, a gram-negative bacterium closely related to T pallidum subsp pallidum, which causes syphilis. (umn.edu)
The face of this woman showed the ravages of a disease known as, yaws, a nonvenereal endemic syphilis, caused by the Treponema pallidum subsp. (cdc.gov)
Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws. (medscape.com)
Tabbara KF, al Kaff AS, Fadel T. Ocular manifestations of endemic syphilis (bejel). (medscape.com)
Syphilis and the endemic treponematoses : clinical, (histo- pathological and laboratory studies = Syfilis en de endemische treponematosen, klinische, (histo- pathologische en laboratorium studies / door Herman Jan Henk Engelkens. (who.int)
Handbook of endemic treponematoses : yaws, endemic syphilis and pinta / Peter L. Perine and Donald R. Hopkins, Paul L. A. Niemel, Ronald K. St. John, Georges Causse and G. M. Antal. (who.int)
ï»¿The Chembio DPP (Dual Path Platform) Syphilis Screen & Confirm kit (https://chembio.com) is a rapid serologic test that can be used to diagnose yaws. (bvsalud.org)
Other diseases belonging to this group are bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta. (ncdc.gov.in)
Serological tests to detect treponemal antibodies can be useful in diagnosis of yaws only if sexual transmitted syphilis is excluded. (ncdc.gov.in)
Yaws is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue, a subspecies of the organism that causes syphilis. (who.int)
Serological methods are also unable to distinguish yaws from syphilis while molecular methods are expensive and not readily available. (who.int)
These tests together are diagnostic for active yaws or syphilis (caused by sp. (mindunwindart.com)
Columbian theory holds that syphilis was endemic in the Americas and was transmitted to sailors of Columbus by the native population of the Hispaniola island. (cdc.gov)
There's also another theory--so called an Italian hypotheses--that syphilis is a single organism that is Treponema , caused different clinical manifestations depending upon climatic, social, and demographic factors, producing the clinical manifestation named pinta, yaws, bejel, and syphilis. (cdc.gov)

Fifty years ago, the WHO recognized that endemic treponematoses-yaws in particular-were a major cause of disfigurement and disability and a significant economic burden in poor countries. (medscape.com)
Antal GM , Causse G . The control of endemic treponematoses. (cdc.gov)
An algorithm has been developed to assist in assessment of children from areas with endemic treponematoses with positive screening and treponemal serologic tests. (cdc.gov)
The endemic treponematoses. (cdc.gov)
The endemic treponematoses: not yet eradicated. (cdc.gov)
Bejel is one of the "endemic treponematoses" (endemic infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called treponemes), a group that also includes yaws and pinta. (wikipedia.org)
Between the years 1952 and 1964, the World Health (WHO) and UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) undertook a major worldwide campaign to eliminate the endemic treponematoses by treating 300 million people in 46 countries with benzathine benzylpenicillin. (medscape.com)
As with the other nonvenereal treponematoses, yaws is not found in urban centers, is not sexually transmitted, and is not congenitally acquired. (medscape.com)
Yaws belongs to a group of chronic bacterial infections (endemic treponematoses, nonvenereal spirochetal diseases) caused by treponemes. (ncdc.gov.in)

Pinta is limited to affecting the skin, whereas bejel and yaws are considered to be invasive because they can also cause disease in bone and other internal tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Pinta does not occur in the United States unless affected individuals have visited endemic areas. (rarediseases.org)
Treponema species (Yaws, Pinta, Bejel). (medscape.com)

In line with the targets of the Global WHO NTD roadmap,2 the target of the regional strategy is to eradicate dracunculiasis and yaws, and eliminate human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leprosy, lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis and trachoma. (who.int)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare also mentioned that India has eradicated Infectious Trachoma and chronic disease Yaws from the country. (clearias.com)
The data are suggestive of very low or no transmission of trachoma and yaws, currently or previously, in children resident in these communities. (mindunwindart.com)
The assay panel included antigens specific for and cause trachoma, and subspecies causes yaws. (mindunwindart.com)
The ongoing high incidence of acute watery diarrhea in these communities suggests overcrowding and poor access to sanitation, conditions also found in trachoma-endemic communities of other countries. (mindunwindart.com)
for use on the multiplex bead assay platform, with Rivastigmine tartrate good correlation between responses to the antigen recombinant protein17 (rp17) and TPPA tests, and between responses to treponemal membrane protein A (TmpA) and RPR titers.19 In this study, we measured antibody responses to and antigens to opportunistically evaluate serologic evidence of yaws and trachoma transmission, respectively, in the population in two settlements of Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh. (mindunwindart.com)
His research interests are in Neglected Tropical Diseases, in particular trachoma, which he has been working on since 1984 and yaws, sexually transmitted infections and causes of fever. (lshtm.ac.uk)
People with NTD-related disfigurement or blindness caused by leprosy, elephantiasis, yaws, trachoma or onchocerciasis are the most neglected of all. (womeninscience.africa)

We are moving forward in our aim to eliminate leprosy, control the Buruli ulcer and eradicate yaws in Togo. (anesvad.org)
Their causes include mainly three categories: parasites (protozoa/helminth) such as Schistosomiasis, bacteria such as leprosy and yaws, and viruses such as Dengue and rabies. (prescouter.com)

Yaws is the most prevalent infectious, nonvenereal treponemal disease and is caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue . (medscape.com)

Endemic treponemal diseases. (cdc.gov)
2014 . Endemic treponemal diseases . (ajtmh.org)
Benin is one of the poorest countries in West Africa, a region hit by various skin-related Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), such as the Buruli ulcer and yaws, which primarily affect children. (anesvad.org)
It is most likely that hepatitis C was spread throughout Africa by European campaigns to treat endemic diseases in Africa with injectable medications. (hepmag.com)
There are 149 countries and territories where NTDs are endemic, at least 100 of which are endemic for 2 or more of these diseases, and 30 countries and territories that are endemic for 6 or more. (eisai.com)
Speaking on behalf of Dr. Mrs. Nana Konama Kotey, National Buruli Ulcer Control & National Yaws Eradication Programme - Disease Control, Ghana Health Service (GHS), Irene Anuwa-Amarh, Deputy Director Nursing Services stated that NTDs rank among the four most devastating groups of communicable diseases and tend to thrive in developing regions of the world, where water quality, sanitation, and access to health care are substandard. (ircwash.org)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set ambitious control targets for important NTDs that can be controlled by PC-related strategies, but at least 9 of these diseases remain endemic among the most health-disadvantaged people in our region, including Australia's remote communities. (acentds.org)
The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021-2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases roadmap has proposed that 30% of endemic countries achieve intensified T. solium control in hyperendemic areas by 2030. (imperial.ac.uk)
In its first two decades, WHO had a strong focus on mass campaigns against infectious diseases, including yaws. (who.int)

Republic, South Africa and South Sudan that are still mapping and Algeria, Mauritius and Seychelles that are not endemic for any of these three PC-NTDs. (who.int)
Announced in January 2012 , the London Declaration is the largest public-private partnership in the field of global health, and represents a coordinated effort by global pharmaceutical companies, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, WHO, the United States , United Kingdom and NTD-endemic country governments, as well as other partners, to eliminate 10 NTDs by the year 2020. (prnewswire.com)
The launch of the Anesvad Foundation funded master plan and the rollout initiative, called, 'WASH services in skin-NTDs endemic areas - Improving Health and Quality of Life' marks the start of the WASH and NTDs master plan implementation and leveraging of partnerships to mitigate the prevalence of skin related NTDs through the achievement of safe and sustainable water and sanitation for all in Upper Denkyira East Municipality. (ircwash.org)
We target the endemic NTDs for which large-scale preventive chemotherapy (PC), the treatment of all members of a population without prior individual diagnosis, is a central component of control strategies. (acentds.org)
Such NTDs are currently endemic in 149 countries affecting more than 1.4 billion people and, needless to say, are imposing another heavy burden to the already crippling economies of developing countries. (prescouter.com)
In other words, such NTDs are now becoming "home-brew", and any endemic outbreak would catch millions of ordinary people completely out of darkness. (prescouter.com)
Targets include the eradication of dracunculiasis (guinea worm) and yaws and a 90% reduction in the need for treatment for NTDs by 2030. (commonwealthbc.com)
Additionally, the road map will track 10 cross-cutting targets and disease specific targets that include a reduction by more than 75% in the number of deaths from vector-borne NTDs such as dengue, leishmaniasis and others, promote full access to basic water supply, sanitation and hygiene in areas endemic for NTDs and achieve greater improvement in collecting and reporting NTD data disaggregated by gender. (commonwealthbc.com)

Single-dose azithromycin versus benzathine benzylpenicillin for treatment of yaws in children in Papua New Guinea: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. (cdc.gov)
Failure of penicillin treatment of yaws on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. (medscape.com)

In Europe, cases have been diagnosed in children who have moved from endemic areas. (medscape.com)

CDC recommends that all children from areas where treponemes are known to be endemic be considered for screening by Rapid Plasma Reagin or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tests at the initial health screening. (cdc.gov)
Currently, 14 countries are known to be endemic in tropical regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. (hstalks.com)

Yaws ( T pallidum pertenue ) occurs mainly in equatorial regions and can be found in South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia. (medscape.com)
Yaws is an infectious tropical disease caused by the spirochete (spiral shaped) bacterium known as Treponema pertenue. (rarediseases.org)
Yaws is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, subspecies pertenue. (hstalks.com)
Yaws is a chronic, highly contagious skin and bone infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, usually affecting children in impoverished and remote communities. (bvsalud.org)

Suspected cases of yaws or other non-venereal treponemal infections can be reported to CDC at telephone 404-639-8368. (cdc.gov)
In 1995, the WHO estimated that there were 460,000 infectious cases of yaws throughout the world, with 400,000 in western and central Africa, 50,000 in Southeast Asia, and the remainder in other tropical areas. (medscape.com)
At that time, there were 96 endemic countries that are shadowed in gray in this map, and about 15 million cases of yaws. (hstalks.com)
The last cases of yaws notified by CAR to WHO date back to 2012. (bvsalud.org)
Results: a total of 1967 people were examined, of whom 113 were considered suspected cases of yaws. (bvsalud.org)
Forty-one cases of yaws were confirmed in 18 (47.37%) villages. (bvsalud.org)

The WHO has concluded that this new eradication campaign can completely eliminate yaws worldwide by 2020. (medscape.com)
Eisai will continue to supply DEC tablets to the endemic countries that need them beyond 2020, as well as promote comprehensive support activities so that even more countries can achieve elimination by 2020. (prnewswire.com)
WHO has earmarked yaws for eradication by 2020 and this test kit would greatly impact the yaws eradication drive in endemic countries. (who.int)

Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for yaws. (cdc.gov)
Re-emergence of yaws after single mass azithromycin treatment followed by targeted treatment: a longitudinal study. (cdc.gov)
A new yaws eradication program was proposed in 2012 by the WHO following a study that showed that oral azithromycin can successfully treat yaws in rural, tropical areas. (medscape.com)
However, with the donation of azithromycin by a Brazilian company, eradication of yaws in the Region appears feasible. (who.int)
Mass treatment with azithromycin-a central component of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) strategy to eradicate yaws-was followed by a drop in disease prevalence to one-eighth the previous level on an island where the disease is endemic, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine today. (umn.edu)
An accompanying commentary in the same issue said that, although challenges to yaws eradication lie ahead, today's study shows that the WHO strategy of mass treatment with azithromycin "should result in the eradication of yaws, if it is implemented and sustained long enough. (umn.edu)
Persons are the only known hosts for the bacterium that causes yaws and infections may be efficiently handled by a single dose of antibiotic azithromycin. (latabledesgourmets2.fr)
Yaws is effectively treated with single dose azithromycin but eradication is constrained by the lack of effective diagnostics. (who.int)

Therefore, the list of countries where treponemes are endemic is based on data that are not recent and are inconsistently collected ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The major route of infection is through direct person-to-person contact, and the treponemes associated with yaws are located primarily in the epidermis. (medscape.com)

They are contracted mainly in Peru and Brazil, although the disease is endemic and can be contracted in any country from Mexico to Argentina, except Uruguay and Chile. (aafp.org)

In addition to the varied spotted fevers, they're chargeable for typhus (epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, scrub typhus). (latabledesgourmets2.fr)
Some clinicians suggest that doxycycline is the preferred tetracycline for the treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, endemic typhus, epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, trench fever, and Q fever. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

Between 1952 and 1964, WHO led worldwide mass treatment campaigns to eradicate yaws. (hstalks.com)

Tetracyclines are used for the treatment of rickettsial infections and are considered drugs of choice for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic (louse-borne) typhus, Brill-Zinsser disease, endemic (murine) typhus, scrub typhus, Q fever, and rickettsialpox. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

To assist in evaluation of refugee and immigrant children, a list of countries in which endemic treponemal infection has been reported is provided. (cdc.gov)
However, prevalence of HDV infection is higher in areas where HBV infection is endemic, as well as the central Europe because of the immigrant population regions. (researchsquare.com)
Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. (imperial.ac.uk)

Yaws is the most common of all and occurs primarily in the warm, humid and tropical areas of Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Indian peninsula and the equatorial islands of South-East Asia. (ncdc.gov.in)
Particularly in view of the apparent decline in BU incidence in regions of West Africa, awareness and knowledge of BU in endemic regions must be retained to ensure a continuous monitoring and control. (dovepress.com)
Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America. (aafp.org)

Mapping the epidemiology of yaws in the Solomon Islands: a cluster randomized survey. (cdc.gov)

Early yaws includes the primary and secondary stages and is characterized by the presence of contagious skin lesions. (medscape.com)
Nigerian boy with ulcerative skin lesions characteristic of yaws. (medscape.com)
Any consenting individual over the age of one year with yaws-like skin lesions was a suspected case of yaws and included in the study. (bvsalud.org)

One such disease, yaws has been the target since decades and particularly after the inception of yaws eradication programme (YEP) since 1996-97. (ncdc.gov.in)

The endemic subspecies (i.e. (cdc.gov)

Typically, endemic trepanematoses begin with localized lesions on the skin or mucous membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Cutaneous lesions characterize the primary and secondary stages of yaws. (medscape.com)
Late yaws includes the tertiary stage, when lesions are not contagious. (medscape.com)
Yaws lesions have thick yellow crusts on pink papillomas that ulcerate and leave deep scars. (bvsalud.org)
Yaws is transmitted by direct (person-to-person) contact with the exudates and serum from infectious lesions. (ncdc.gov.in)
Usually after 5 years of onset of illness, destructive lesions of the skin, bone and cartilage (Late yaws) may appear which are non-infectious but may result in disabilities like gangosa and pathological fractures. (ncdc.gov.in)
The yaws may also coexist with any of these lesions. (ncdc.gov.in)
Yaws presents as lesions of the skin, bone and cartilage and without treatment it can lead to gross deformities and disabilities. (who.int)

The prevalence of yaws dropped from 2.4% before treatment began to 0.2% 12 months later, which was statistically significant. (umn.edu)
The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of yaws in the health district of Mbaïki and to describe its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. (bvsalud.org)

In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 460,000 new cases of endemic treponematosis occurred worldwide. (medscape.com)
Farnsworth N, Rosen T. Endemic treponematosis: review and update. (medscape.com)

. endemicum, and T. carateum are endemic include Liberia and Somalia ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

The prevalence of high-titer latent yaws among children declined from 18.3% to 6.5%, "with a near-absence of high-titer seroreactivity in children 1 to 5 years of age. (umn.edu)
We aimed to detect at least one active or latent yaws case in the island groups of Luzon and Visayas. (bvsalud.org)
Nineteen cases (54.3%) were detected among 35 Aetas: five active yaws (four children, one adult), two latent yaws (adults), and 12 past yaws (1 child, 11 adults). (bvsalud.org)

In field situation, these tests support a clinico-epidemiological diagnosis of yaws but are not as specific as the dark-field examination. (ncdc.gov.in)
Physicians in the United States must be alert to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in travelers returning from endemic areas. (aafp.org)
Physicians working for short periods in endemic areas often must make the diagnosis and should be aware of local disease patterns. (aafp.org)

The prequalification is a crucial milestone that will see Eisai deliver "Eisai-original," high-quality DEC tablets to 250 million people living in at-risk communities in countries where lymphatic filariasis is endemic, thereby contributing to successful elimination of the disease. (eisai.com)

Another classification distinguishes early yaws from late yaws. (medscape.com)
Yaws most commonly occurs in young children is characterized by a primary skin lesion (Early Yaws). (ncdc.gov.in)

Eliminating transmission of a disease may also be considered, as in the case of yaws, the late noninfectious clinical manifestations remain of which but are not a danger to others. (cdc.gov)
Any suspected case of yaws with positive RPR and TPHA was considered a confirmed case. (bvsalud.org)

Targeted treatment of yaws with household contact tracing: how much do we miss? (cdc.gov)
Outcome predictors in treatment of yaws. (medscape.com)

Mitjà O , Asiedu K , Mabey D . Yaws. (cdc.gov)

Where snakebite is endemic, WHO works to improve access to safe and effective treatments, educate communities to reduce risk, and improve training for health workers. (who.int)

It may be found in children immigrating from areas of endemicity, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended screening of all refugee children from endemic regions with a nontreponemal test at initial health screening. (medscape.com)
Most cases are children or adolescents from endemic areas of the world. (rarediseases.org)
Yaws continues to be endemic along the tropical belt in areas characterized by hot temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rainfall. (medscape.com)
But some areas were left untreated and yaws began to reemerge in the late 1970s. (hstalks.com)
Active yaws surveillance and case detection in remote areas and among indigenous peoples should continue. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: In yaws-endemic areas, two-thirds of exudative cutaneous ulcers (CU) are associated with Treponema pallidum subsp. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to the supply of DEC tablets, local Eisai employees in LF endemic countries have been cooperating with WHO, local governments, and non-governmental organization (NGO) partners to support local elimination efforts, through Mass Drug Administrations (MDA), disease awareness campaigns, improvements in sanitation, and other activities. (prnewswire.com)
As a result of these activities under the London Declaration, a total of eight out of 73 endemic countries have eliminated LF as a public health threat, with another 10 currently waiting on results to verify elimination. (prnewswire.com)
As part of Eisai's commitment under the declaration, the company has agreed to produce 2.2 billion high-quality DEC tablets at the Vizag Plant and, from 2013, to work with WHO to supply the tablets at price zero to endemic countries over a seven-year period. (eisai.com)
Since 2000, expanded access to WHO-recommended malaria prevention tools and strategies has led to a significant reduction in the global burden of this disease: in 2021, there were 84 malaria-endemic countries, down from 108 in 2000. (who.int)
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are endemic in Pacific island countries and territories, yet there is little recent published data on country-specific prevalence. (who.int)

Yaws suspects underwent point-of-care serologic tests for T. pallidum and nontreponemal antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

[ 10 ] In India, yaws was successfully eradicated through a programm based on providing information to the population at risk, screening, and treatment. (medscape.com)
In 2006, India declared that yaws had been eliminated in that country. (medscape.com)

Transmission of yaws and bejel typically occurs in children. (medscape.com)
Yaws is transmitted by direct skin contact and primarily affects children younger than 15 years, with a peak incidence in those aged 6-10 years. (medscape.com)
Children serve as the primary reservoir for yaws, spreading the disease via skin-to-skin and skin-to-mucous membrane contact. (medscape.com)

Combined treponemal and nontreponemal rapid diagnostic test for yaws. (ajtmh.org)

Eradication of yaws-the Morges strategy. (cdc.gov)

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs1

Health Care1

Syphilis25

Treponematoses9

Pinta3

Trachoma8

Leprosy2

Nonvenereal1

Diseases9

NTDs8

Papua New Gu2

Moved from endemic areas1

Known to be endemic2

Pertenue4

Cases of yaws6

20203

Azithromycin8

Treponemes2

Disease is endemic1

Epidemic typhus2

Eradicate yaws1

Scrub typhus1

Infection3

Africa3

Epidemiology1

Skin lesions3

Eradication programme1

Subspecies1

Lesions8

Prevalence of yaws2

Treponematosis2

Endemicum1

Latent yaws3

Diagnosis3

Lymphatic1

Early yaws2

Case of yaws2

Treatment of yaws2

Mabey1

Snakebite1

Areas6

Countries5

Serologic1

India2

Children3

Nontreponemal1

Morges1