Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose, as intravenous sugar solution, is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose was discovered in grapes by another German chemist - Johann Tobias Lowitz - in 1792, and distinguished as being different from cane sugar (sucrose). (wikipedia.org)
In 1970, Luis Leloir was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of glucose-derived sugar nucleotides in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)
Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
The strain uses glucose and D-xylose with high consumption rates and partial cofermentation in various lignocellulose hydrolysates with very high ethanol yield. (biomedcentral.com)
The PPP showcases its role by executing two meticulously orchestrated phases: the oxidative phase, where glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH and ribulose 5-phosphate, and the non-oxidative phase, which is engaged in the synthesis of 5-carbon sugars, contributing significantly to the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids. (microbiologynote.com)
The chemical composition of the carbohydrate component of delignified palm fiber is 56.4% glucose, 36.0% xylose, 5.9% arabinose, and 1.7% mannose (1). (banksolar.ru)
Our experiments showed that delignified palm fiber can be digested to form glucose and xylose by commercial cellulases such as Meicellase and Onozuka and the hydrolysate can be subjected to fermentation to produce biofuel and chemicals (1). (banksolar.ru)
Our study estimates that 3,000,0001 of glucose and 2,000,000 t of xylose could be recovered from this waste per year. (banksolar.ru)
Pentose sugars2
Unfortunately, baker's yeast is unable to efficiently metabolize pentose sugars, particularly D-xylose, which accounts for up to 35% of total sugars in xylan-rich lignocellulosic biomass such as hard woods and straw [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary pentose sugars, a derivative of nucleic acid digestion, can be intertwined with the PPP, thereby revealing another layer of metabolic flexibility and adaptability provided by this pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
Escherichia1
protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Pentoses2
The inherently higher robustness and tolerance of S. cerevisiae to various inhibitors gives it a head start in programs aimed at developing strains with extreme inhibitor tolerance, able to efficiently ferment hexoses and pentoses in concentrated lignocellulose hydrolysates [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key species of bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
Although there are various species of bacteria, filamentous fungi and other yeast species that are naturally capable of efficiently metabolizing D-xylose, they lack the other crucial advantages of the yeast S. cerevisiae , which have made it the most prominent industrial microorganism. (biomedcentral.com)
Diverse bacteria1
For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. (lbl.gov)
Fermentation4
Subsequent EMS mutagenesis, genome shuffling and selection in D-xylose-enriched lignocellulose hydrolysate, followed by multiple rounds of evolutionary engineering in complex medium with D-xylose, gradually established efficient D-xylose fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
In separate hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates of Arundo donax (giant reed), spruce and a wheat straw/hay mixture, the maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate was 0.36, 0.23 and 1.1 g/g DW inoculum/h, and the final ethanol titer was 4.2, 3.9 and 5.8% (v/v), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo hydrolysate, GS1.11-26 produced 32% more ethanol than the parent strain Ethanol Red, due to efficient D-xylose utilization. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell extracts of strain GS1.11-26 displayed 17-fold higher XI activity compared to the parent strain, but overexpression of XI alone was not enough to establish D-xylose fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Clostridium1
An expression cassette containing 13 genes including Clostridium phytofermentans XylA , encoding D-xylose isomerase (XI), and enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway was inserted in two copies in the genome of Ethanol Red. (biomedcentral.com)
Lignocellulose2
In addition, analysis of the coordinate expression patterns indicated that transport proteins and hypothetical proteins may play a role in bacteria processing lignocellulose. (biomedcentral.com)
The production of bioethanol from lignocellulose hydrolysates requires a robust, D-xylose-fermenting and inhibitor-tolerant microorganism as catalyst. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes1
These results demonstrate that the corn stover-adapted microbial consortium EMSD5 harbors a variety of lignocellulolytic anaerobic bacteria and degradative enzymes, especially those implicated in hemicellulose decomposition. (biomedcentral.com)
Algae2
In addition, global warming has led to an increase in temperature of water, which has affected the normal lifecycles of bacteria and algae, mainly by increasing the duration of bloom seasons. (ncsu.edu)
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
To investigate host specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila, microbial pulse-chase protocols, and microscopy to investigate the stability of different strains of bacteria in the fly gut. (bvsalud.org)
Abundant2
Plant biomass is considered as an abundant renewable resource that can be transformed into fermentable sugars for biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)
At the population level, we further identified virus-host dynamics matching two existing ecological models: "Kill-The-Winner" which proposes that lytic phages are actively infecting abundant bacteria, and "Piggyback-The-Persistent" which argues that when the host is growing slowly, it is more beneficial to remain in a dormant state. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins2
The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
Primary1
This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
High1
The high D-xylose consumption rate was due to synergistic interaction between the high XI activity and one or more mutations in the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Production1
Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
Fructose4
Fructose , or fruit sugar, is a simple monosaccharide found in many plants. (en-academic.com)
[ 3 ] Pure, dry fructose is a very sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. (en-academic.com)
Commercially, fructose is usually derived from sugar cane, sugar beets and corn and there are 3 commercially important forms. (en-academic.com)
As a model bioethanol producer, Zymomonas mobilis has attracted considerable attention over the past decades due to its excellent industrial characteristics, such as the unique Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway under anaerobic conditions resulting in low cell mass formation, high specific rate of sugar uptake, high ethanol yield, notable ethanol tolerance, and the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status (Panesar et al. (springeropen.com)
Increased abundance of methanogenic archaea and hydrolytic bacteria indicated improved anaerobic digestion. (preprints.org)
Ethanol1
Several microorganisms have been applied for ethanol production from lignocellulose, including both bacteria and yeasts (Olsson and Hahn-Hägerdal 1996 ). (springeropen.com)
Cerevisiae2
Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, has been engineered to utilize non-native sugars derived from plant cell walls, such as cellobiose and xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, but it is not capable of using mixed sugars derived from the plant cell wall [ 1 ]-[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbon2
Between 1891 and 1894, Fischer established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and correctly predicted the possible isomers, applying Van 't Hoff's theory of asymmetrical carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
In wine, some aroma compounds arise from the must with minor or no modifications, while others are products of yeast metabolism, in particular from the sugar and nitrogen compounds initially present in the grapes. (moam.info)
Biosynthesis1
For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. (lbl.gov)
Concentration1
However, the yield of solvent decreased with the increased initial sugar concentration. (biomedcentral.com)
High2
Our results suggest that a decrease in mRNAs encoding high-affinity/active sugar transport systems may be a widespread and conserved mechanism in yeasts, limiting expression of these proteins whenever their activity is dispensable. (microbiologyresearch.org)