Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsNamed GroupsHealth Care
XylazineAcepromazineKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeThiazinesVeterinary DrugsMedetomidineAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAnestheticsPhysiological ProcessesAnesthetics, CombinedHypnotics and SedativesAnesthesiaEuthanasia, AnimalNurses, MaleZolazepamDioxanesTiletamineSurgery, Veterinary
Overdoses20222023DeathsTranq dopeDepressantNaloxonePresence of xylazineAnesthesia2019SedationTranquilizerPrevalenceRespiratory depressionOpioids like fentanylEffects of Xylazine abuseDangers of Xylazine abuseCombating Illicit Xylazine ActStruggling with xylazine addictionCombination of xylazine and fentanylAnimal sedativeHeroin2018ThreatCombined with opioidsPeople exposed to xylazinePatients exposed to xylazineImpulses in the central nervouCentral nervous syCocaineAnestheticWithdrawal symptomsAbuse of xylazineSpread of xylazineOverdose of xylazineAddition of xylazinePositive for xylazineCause of death varied across jurisdictiSubstancesDetect xylazineKetamine-xylazine2020IntravenouslyIdentificationsXylazine'sSedative effectsAddictionIntended for veterinary purposesBradycardiaZombie drugMixed with fentanylTest stripsPhiladelphiaPowerful sedativeSubstance Use DisorderIllicit drug supplyHumans
Overdoses16
  • Xylazine, a powerful animal sedative that's moving through the illicit drug supply in the U.S., is causing gruesome skin wounds and scrambling longstanding methods for treating addiction and reversing overdoses. (wvia.org)
  • On Thursday, the CDC released a separate report finding that by 2022, xylazine was being detected in nearly 11% of all fentanyl-related overdoses. (wvia.org)
  • During this COCA Call, presenters will discuss the epidemiology of overdoses involving xylazine mixed with fentanyl, the current understanding of health risks related to these overdoses, and acute treatment strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • Discuss the history and epidemiology of xylazine in the drug supply and among overdoses. (cdc.gov)
  • List laboratory testing options and harm reduction activities to minimize disease and death from overdoses involving xylazine mixed with fentanyl. (cdc.gov)
  • To receive continuing education (CE) for WC4520R- Overdoses Involving Xylazine Mixed with Fentanyl: Clinical and Public Health Implications -please visit CDC TRAIN and search for the course in the Course Catalog using WC4520R-022924 . (cdc.gov)
  • Current ToxIC data indicates that about a quarter of blood samples from people presenting to EDs with nonfatal suspected opioid-involved overdoses have been exposed to xylazine. (nih.gov)
  • Xylazine has also become a growing factor in fatal opioid overdoses of Vermonters in recent years. (vtdigger.org)
  • Because xylazine is not an opioid, experts say opioid antidotes such as naloxone may not be as effective in reversing opioid overdoses when the animal tranquilizer is present. (vtdigger.org)
  • Overdoses with xylazine are not reversed by giving naloxone. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • Unfortunately, when someone overdoses on Xylazine, Narcan(Naloxone) does not reverse the effects as it is not an opioid but can lessen the symptoms. (shssharkattack.com)
  • In 2019, Xylazine was detected in over 31% of opioid overdoses in Philadelphia, up from a mere 2% in previous years. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), and Maggie Hassan (D-N.H.) are introducing the Combating Illicit Xylazine Act , bipartisan, bicameral legislation with Representatives Jimmy Panetta (D-Calif.-19), August Pfluger (R-Texas-11), Gus Bilirakis (R-Fla.-12), Ken Buck (R-Colo.-04), and Chris Pappas (D-N.H.-01) to crack down on and schedule the highly dangerous sedative causing fatal overdoses nationwide. (senate.gov)
  • Unlike opioid overdoses, where naloxone serves as an effective antidote, there is currently no specific medication or antidote available to reverse a xylazine overdose. (breathinglabs.com)
  • North Carolina is one of 29 states that has detected the presence of xylazine in deadly overdoses. (solas.health)
  • Deaths from overdoses of Xylazine-laced fentanyl have surged. (wnyc.org)
202217
  • [ 4 ] This report uses data from CDC's State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS) to describe IMF-involved § overdose deaths with and without xylazine detected that occurred during January 2019-June 2022. (medscape.com)
  • Monthly counts of IMF-involved deaths ¶ with xylazine detected and co-involved as a cause of death, and proportions of IMF-involved deaths with xylazine detected were examined in 21 jurisdictions** for January 2019-June 2022. (medscape.com)
  • Among 21 jurisdictions, the monthly proportion of IMF-involved deaths with xylazine detected increased 276% from January 2019 (2.9%) to June 2022 (10.9%) (Figure 1). (medscape.com)
  • The monthly number of IMF-involved deaths with xylazine co-involved increased from 12 in January 2019 to 188 in June 2022. (medscape.com)
  • During January 2021-June 2022, among 32 jurisdictions, xylazine was detected in 9.0% (4,859) of 53,969 IMF-involved deaths ( Table ) and co-involved in 6.9% (3,735). (medscape.com)
  • In 2022, 75% of samples containing Xylazine were submitted by law enforcement agencies from Ontario. (canada.ca)
  • Between January 2012 and December 2022, Xylazine has been identified in 2,324 exhibits submitted for analysis to the Drug Analysis Service (DAS). (canada.ca)
  • As of December 2022, Xylazine was not controlled in Canada under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act . (canada.ca)
  • In 2021, a sharp increase of Xylazine identifications from samples submitted by law enforcement agencies in Ontario was observed, with a total of 414 identifications in 2021 and 1,011 in 2022, compared to 9 in 2020. (canada.ca)
  • 2022. Among 21 jurisdictions, which included 20 states and ¶ Analyses were restricted to IMF-involved deaths because xylazine is known the District of Columbia, the monthly percentage of IMF- to be mixed mainly in IMF products and because 99.5% of the deaths in the current analysis with xylazine detected involved IMFs. (cdc.gov)
  • 2021-June 2022 in 32 jurisdictions, xylazine was detected in a involved for four deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • 10 Investigates first reported on xylazine in November 2022. (wtsp.com)
  • Florida medical examiners were required to report when people tested positive for xylazine after death for the first time in 2022. (wtsp.com)
  • We've now learned that in the first six months of 2022, medical examiners reported 218 people died after taking xylazine. (wtsp.com)
  • Xylazine, also known as "tranq," is an easily accessible veterinary tranquilizer that is being used as a low-cost cutting agent, and the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) recently reported 23% of fentanyl powder contained it in 2022 . (senate.gov)
  • From January 2012 to December 2022, the Drug Analysis Service identified xylazine 2,324 times, with 536 identifications in 2021 and a staggering 1,350 in the previous year. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Between January and June 2022, xylazine had infiltrated 28% of samples taken by Massachusett's Drug Supply Data Stream . (solas.health)
20236
  • And a new CDC data analysis released in June 2023 found the number of overdose deaths involving xylazine in the U.S. was 34 times higher in 2021 than it was in 2018. (wtsp.com)
  • In response to the rapid escalation in the detection of xylazine in the unregulated drug supply, in April 2023, the White House designated fentanyl contaminated with xylazine an "emerging threat" and ONDCP released a National Response Plan in July to coordinate a government-wide response. (nih.gov)
  • On June 14, 2023, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Center for the Clinical Trials Network (CCTN) convened health care professionals and federal partners to review current practices in xylazine-related testing, treatment, and wound care to inform evolving best-practices in the field and a xylazine-opioid research agenda. (nih.gov)
  • On September 26, 2023, the CCTN convened the "Xylazine Discussion Forum" (the Forum) to provide a venue for CTN researchers and community members to discuss research needs to address this emerging threat. (nih.gov)
  • April 12, 2023 - The unfold of fentanyl and the animal tranquilizer xylazine is an "rising menace" to the USA, the White Home stated Wednesday, which permits it to shortly develop a response plan to scale back provides of the illicit medicine, enhance testing, and supply extra therapy. (ezesavers.com)
  • In January 2023, The New York Times analyzed the rising prevalence of xylazine in the US drug supply . (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Deaths33
  • [ 1 ] Xylazine, a nonopioid sedative not approved for human use and with no known antidote, has been increasingly detected in IMF products in the U.S. drug supply* and in IMF-involved overdose deaths. (medscape.com)
  • The number and percentage of IMF-involved deaths with xylazine detected, and the proportion of those with xylazine detected for which xylazine was listed as a cause of death, were calculated for each jurisdiction. (medscape.com)
  • The number and percentage of IMF-involved deaths with and without xylazine detected were calculated, stratified by decedent demographics, U.S. Census Bureau region, §§ co-involved drugs, and overdose circumstances (e.g., route of drug use, decedent drug use history, and overdose response efforts). (medscape.com)
  • analyses were restricted to deaths with toxicology reports or with xylazine listed as a cause of death on the death certificate. (medscape.com)
  • The proportion of IMF-involved deaths with xylazine detected in which xylazine was determined to be a cause of death ranged from none to ≥90% across jurisdictions. (medscape.com)
  • NCHS released a new report, "Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Xylazine, 2018‒2021," that presents trends in drug overdose death rates involving xylazine from 2018 through 2021 in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Xylazine, a nonopioid sedative, has been increasingly detected in illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) drug products and overdose deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • The CDC concluded that by 2021, the "rate of drug overdose deaths involving xylazine was 35 times higher than the 2018 rate. (wvia.org)
  • But t he report shows the explosion of xylazine-related deaths began in 2018 with overdose fatalities rising to 627 in 2019 - doubling to 1,499 in 2020 - and then doubling once more to 3,468 in 2021. (wvia.org)
  • Men suffered xylazine-related deaths at twice the rate of women, and Black men appeared particularly vulnerable. (wvia.org)
  • Overdose deaths involving xylazine are skyrocketing. (wtsp.com)
  • Compare those six months to all of 2021 - before reporting xylazine was required - when Florida medical examiners voluntarily identified 236 deaths. (wtsp.com)
  • The non-opioid drug xylazine has been found in the U.S. illegal drug supply and is associated with overdose deaths from fentanyl. (cdc.gov)
  • The experts emphasize that the focus should be on fentanyl-as this drug rather than xylazine currently drives overdose deaths-particularly ensuring naloxone use for overdose reversal and appropriate care of patients. (nih.gov)
  • In Michigan, xylazine-involved deaths were up nearly 87% between 2019 and 2020, the Detroit Free Press reported . (axios.com)
  • The U.S. government issued a grave new warning Wednesday about a cocktail of illegal street drugs made of fentanyl and xylazine that's fueling another wave of American overdose deaths. (wuky.org)
  • Xylazine, known on the street as tranq, was first linked to drug deaths in the Northeast but has since spread rapidly in Southern and Western states. (wuky.org)
  • Synthetic drugs including fentanyl, methamphetamines and now xylazine have become a political flashpoint as drug deaths rise. (wuky.org)
  • From January to July this year, according to a recent health department report , xylazine was involved in 38 of 126 opioid overdose deaths among Vermonters, or 30% of the total. (vtdigger.org)
  • Vermont data analysis has shown that fentanyl is present in nearly all deaths involving xylazine. (vtdigger.org)
  • Public health officials say the rise in xylazine-related deaths has emphasized the fact that people can't know for sure what substances are in illicit drugs. (vtdigger.org)
  • WASHINGTON - The White House is unveiling a plan to combat the growing threat of drug overdose deaths involving the combination of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and the powerful sedative xylazine, approved only for veterinary use. (arkansasadvocate.com)
  • Sadly, this war does not seem to end anytime soon as Xylazine is on the rise, and deaths are only going up as the years go by. (shssharkattack.com)
  • We mentioned the recent surge in xylazine-related deaths in Pennsylvania, and there is an increasing presence in other states as well. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • In 2021, the state of Maryland reported that xylazine was identified in 1 of every 5 deaths due to drug overdose. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • Xylazine is hurting New Hampshire communities and contributing to the alarming rate of overdose deaths in our state," said Senator Hassan . (senate.gov)
  • DEA statistics additionally confirmed that xylazine-positive overdose deaths elevated by 1,127% within the South, 750% within the West, greater than 500% within the Midwest, and greater than 100% within the Northeast. (ezesavers.com)
  • However, the use of xylazine has been linked to severe health risks and an alarming increase in overdose deaths. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Despite only being approved for limited veterinary uses, Xylazine in humans is becoming increasingly common, especially in cases of overdose deaths. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • In 2019, according to the CDC, cocaine, and heroin were listed as causes of death in 32.1% and 26.0% of xylazine-positive deaths. (solas.health)
  • The same was true for deaths from xylazine, 29.6%, and 28.4% of xylazine-involved deaths. (solas.health)
  • Deaths from xylazine are on the rise. (wnyc.org)
  • According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), drug overdose deaths involving xylazine increased by 24% in Pennsylvania between 2015 and 2020. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Tranq dope4
  • Xylazine is known as "tranq" or "tranq dope" in the illicit drug market and poses dangers including drowsiness, respiratory depression, and potentially life-threatening skin wounds. (afterschoolnetwork.org)
  • Westfahl has observed that some are becoming dependent on the xylazine-fentanyl combination and seeking out 'tranq dope' as they experience withdrawal symptoms. (axios.com)
  • In the US, xylazine is occasionally referred to as tranq or tranq dope, due to its tranquilizing effects. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • Xylazine often called "tranq dope" on the street, has health officials across the East Coast worried. (solas.health)
Depressant9
  • Results from early human clinical studies confirmed that xylazine has several central nervous system depressant effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xylazine causes central nervous system depressant effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia and anesthesia Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
  • Xylazine is a central nervous system depressant. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • Xylazine primarily acts as a central nervous system depressant, causing sedation and muscle relaxation. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Xylazine is a non-opioid, nervous system depressant first created in 1962. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • 1. Central Nervous System Depression: Xylazine acts as a powerful depressant on the central nervous system. (armadarecovery.com)
  • The interaction between Xylazine and other drugs can lead to a cascade of dangerous effects, including an intensified depressant effect on the central nervous system and increased likelihood of overdose. (armadarecovery.com)
  • Xylazine, sometimes called "tranq" is a central nervous system depressant, meaning the drug causes drowsiness, decreased heart rate, slowed breathing and dangerously low blood pressure. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • Xylazine is a depressant, lowering heart rate and blood pressure, decreasing respiration, and suppressing the central nervous system. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Naloxone8
  • Responding to the spread of the veterinary tranquillizer xylazine into the illicit street drug market, along with the lesions it creates on users and its danger (it is often mixed with opioids but does not respond to naloxone), the Department of Health has moved to limit access to the drug by temporarily listing it as a Schedule III substance. (stopthedrugwar.org)
  • However, the use of naloxone does not reverse an overdose of xylazine itself. (drugfreenh.org)
  • Because it isn't an opioid, xylazine won't respond to naloxone, the treatment for opioid overdose. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • Xylazine causes depressed breathing and heart rate, unconsciousness, necrosis, and even death, and naloxone does not reverse its effects because it is not an opioid. (senate.gov)
  • In November, the FDA notified well being care professionals that the overdose agent naloxone is unlikely to reverse a xylazine-related overdose because the animal tranquilizer shouldn't be an opioid. (ezesavers.com)
  • Nevertheless, medical experts recommend administering naloxone in cases of suspected xylazine overdose, particularly when opioids may also be present. (breathinglabs.com)
  • but because xylazine is not an opioid, it does not respond to naloxone. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
  • In an overdose situation, naloxone may help reverse the effects of fentanyl, but there's currently no treatment for a xylazine overdose. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Presence of xylazine3
  • It is important for overdose prevention and response messages to highlight the potential presence of xylazine in IMF products and emphasize the need for respiratory and cardiovascular support to address the sedative effects of xylazine. (medscape.com)
  • Unpublished programmatic data indicate that xylazine testing to highlight the potential presence of xylazine in IMF products was not necessarily uniform within each jurisdiction or over time during the analysis period (e.g., some counties initiated testing sooner than others and and emphasize the need for respiratory and cardiovascular sup- testing protocols varied for which cases received xylazine testing). (cdc.gov)
  • Canadian health officials have issued warnings about the presence of xylazine in various drugs, such as cocaine, opioid products, and crystal meth. (breathinglabs.com)
Anesthesia5
20195
  • Since 2019, there has been an increase in the number of Xylazine identifications in samples submitted to the Drug Analysis Service (DAS) by Canadian law enforcement agencies. (canada.ca)
  • Xylazine was first identified in Canada in 2001 in exhibits submitted by law enforcement agencies, but it only started emerging in 2019 (Figure 1). (canada.ca)
  • Indeed, while there were 5 identifications of Xylazine in 2018, the number of Xylazine identifications increased to 205 in 2019. (canada.ca)
  • In 2019 to 2020, a majority of the Xylazine identifications originated from samples submitted by law enforcement agencies in British Columbia and Alberta (Table 1). (canada.ca)
  • Health Canada reports indicate that xylazine first surfaced in seized drugs in 2001, but its prevalence has dramatically increased since 2019. (breathinglabs.com)
Sedation4
  • Xylazine is not approved for use in people and can cause sedation and other adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Signs of a Xylazine overdose are sedation, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, low heart rate, and wounds. (shssharkattack.com)
  • 4. Coma and Unconsciousness: Due to the potent sedative properties of Xylazine, excessive consumption can induce a state of deep sedation, resulting in coma or unconsciousness. (armadarecovery.com)
  • The mechanism of action of Xylazine is not fully understood yet but it is known to work on the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors of the central nervous system, producing the desired sedation and analgesia effects. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Tranquilizer13
  • Xylazine has been widely used for years as a horse tranquilizer. (wvia.org)
  • Xylazine is a horse tranquilizer that's been quietly creeping into the street fentanyl supply for years. (wtsp.com)
  • He said it's also likely the government will consider further regulations for xylazine, which is used legally by veterinarians as an animal tranquilizer. (wuky.org)
  • SAN DIEGO-(BUSINESS WIRE)-According to the Millennium Health Signals Report released today, the powerful, veterinary tranquilizer xylazine-also known as "tranq"-was detected in urine drug tests from every region of the country, with the highest rates in the Eastern U.S. This analysis of the nationwide spread of xylazine is the most current and substantiative to date since xylazine use rose to prominence. (sdbn.org)
  • Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer. (drugfreenh.org)
  • Xylazine has gained notoriety as a tranquilizer due to its potency and availability. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Is Xylazine a Tranquilizer? (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • Xylazine is used as an approved tranquilizer in veterinary medicine only, and it does produce tranquilizing effects since it acts to depress the central nervous system. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • As noted, xylazine is used as a tranquilizer, muscle relaxer, and emetic in veterinary medicine. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • This bipartisan legislation will ensure the DEA and local law enforcement have the tools they need to get xylazine off our streets while protecting its important use as a veterinary tranquilizer. (senate.gov)
  • Xylazine, commonly known as "tranq" or "horse tranquilizer," has become a cause for concern in the illicit drug market. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Xylazine is a veterinary tranquilizer. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • Xylazine, a non-opioid veterinary tranquilizer, is knowingly or unknowingly being used in combination with other drugs. (okimready.org)
Prevalence4
  • The FDA remains concerned about the increasing prevalence of xylazine mixed with illicit drugs, and this action is one part of broader efforts the agency is undertaking to address this issue,' FDA commissioner Robert Califf said in a statement. (axios.com)
  • This funding opportunity encourages research on the prevalence and consequences of xylazine co-use with opioids or opioid/stimulant combinations and research into how xylazine impacts treatment of opioid use disorders and overdose. (nih.gov)
  • A brief literature review was completed to outline the effects of xylazine on the pregnant patient while raising awareness of the increasing prevalence of opioid use disorder in pregnancy and the increase in adulterants in illicit substances. (ku.edu)
  • Studies were included if they provided information on symptoms of xylazine, the prevalence of xylazine in pregnant humans and the hemodynamic effects of xylazine on both human and animal pregnant populations. (ku.edu)
Respiratory depression6
  • Side effects of Xylazine include tiredness or faintness, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia and miosis Footnote 1 Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
  • Studies involving humans show that xylazine toxicity can cause respiratory depression, bradycardia and central nervous system depression. (ku.edu)
  • In some animals, xylazine can cause side effects such as hypotension, hypertension, or respiratory depression. (stairwayrecovery.com)
  • 2. Respiratory Depression: One of the gravest dangers associated with Xylazine abuse is respiratory depression. (armadarecovery.com)
  • Combined with opioids, xylazine amplifies the life-threatening effects of respiratory depression, increasing the likelihood of an overdose and potential fatality. (breathinglabs.com)
  • Short-term effects of xylazine abuse can include respiratory depression, seizures, and even death. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Opioids like fentanyl1
Effects of Xylazine abuse1
Dangers of Xylazine abuse2
Combating Illicit Xylazine Act2
  • The Combating Illicit Xylazine Act is cosponsored by Senators Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.), Jim Risch (R-Idaho), Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), Roger Marshall (R-Kan.), and Joe Manchin (D-W.Va. (senate.gov)
  • A bipartisan group of Senate and Home members in late March launched the Combating Illicit Xylazine Act , which might make the drug a managed substance. (ezesavers.com)
Struggling with xylazine addiction2
  • If you suspect someone is struggling with xylazine addiction, approaching them with empathy and encouraging professional assistance is vital. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • 2. Professional Intervention: For individuals struggling with Xylazine addiction, seeking professional help is essential. (armadarecovery.com)
Combination of xylazine and fentanyl2
  • Shawn Westfahl, an overdose prevention coordinator for Prevention Point, the city's only needle exchange, told Axios the combination of xylazine and fentanyl can put a person to sleep for hours, making it harder to determine whether someone is experiencing an overdose. (axios.com)
  • The combination of xylazine and fentanyl has driven an increase in casualties and grisly side effects, such as skin ulcers, abscesses, and festering wounds that can require amputation. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Animal sedative1
  • Following a public records request, VTDigger learned that state records going back to 2008 show C.J. is the first minor to have died in Vermont in part from xylazine, an animal sedative that's been increasingly found in illicit opioids. (vtdigger.org)
Heroin7
  • Xylazine, known on the streets as 'tranq,' can be lethal, when mixed with heroin or fentanyl, and causes nasty wounds and sores that can result in amputations. (axios.com)
  • Local drug traffickers use xylazine as a cutting agent to extend supplies of heroin and fentanyl, inspector Jamill Taylor, of the Philadelphia police narcotics unit, told Axios. (axios.com)
  • Though it has no medical use for people, it has been found mixed with drugs like cocaine, heroin, and fentanyl across the U.S. Adding xylazine may enhance the effects of these drugs, but also increases the risk of accidental overdose. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • When xylazine is mixed with other substances, like heroin or fentanyl, there is the possibility that a person experiencing a medical emergency could also be experiencing an opioid overdose. (drugfreenh.org)
  • Individuals who abuse xylazine typically administer it by injecting the drug intravenously or by mixing it with other substances, such as heroin or cocaine. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Xylazine is most commonly cut with other drugs like fentanyl, heroin and cocaine. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • Despite being a veterinary medicine, Xylazine has become infamous as recreational drugs among substance abusers because of its cheaper availability than any other illegal drugs available out there like cocaine or heroin. (magnifiedhealth.com)
20181
  • The number of cases involving xylazine identified in drug testing surged from five in 2018 to 205 the following year. (breathinglabs.com)
Threat6
  • This spring, the Biden administration declared illicit xylazine, also known as tranq on the street, an "emergent" threat. (wvia.org)
  • Now that the administration has declared fentanyl combined with xylazine an emerging threat, it has 90 days to coordinate a national response. (abc11.com)
  • Shelby Arena, Harm Reduction Coordinator at MATTERS then provided the history and principles of harm reduction and the importance of using person-first language, as well as information on the emerging threat of Xylazine ("tranq") and harm reduction strategies to address it. (shnny.org)
  • Whether you're concerned about xylazine in your community or haven't heard of this rising threat, this article aims to shed light on the topic. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Xylazine abuse poses a significant threat to public health and safety. (armadarecovery.com)
  • Declaring xylazine an emerging drug threat. (senate.gov)
Combined with opioids2
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , when xylazine is combined with opioids, it increases the risk of fatal overdose because it can cause slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, and slow, ineffective breathing. (wtsp.com)
  • Xylazine is commonly combined with opioids for this exact purpose, as Xylazine tends to lengthen the effect of other drugs. (legacyfreedom.com)
People exposed to xylazine2
  • Identify opportunities for public health and clinical partnerships to improve communication, outreach, and outcomes in people exposed to xylazine mixed with fentanyl. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies show some people exposed to xylazine are not aware it's in their drug supply, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. (vtdigger.org)
Patients exposed to xylazine2
  • Dr. Haroz discusses xylazine-related wounds and describes emerging practices for wound care for patients exposed to xylazine and opioids, noting that it is possible for wounds to heal with the appropriate treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Future studies should focus on the pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to xylazine to create better recommendations for treatment. (ku.edu)
Impulses in the central nervou1
  • The muscle relaxing effect xylazine produces inhibits impulses in the central nervous system and can create a state that is akin to sleep. (stairwayrecovery.com)
Central nervous sy1
  • The sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine are related to central nervous system depression. (wikipedia.org)
Cocaine3
  • PA Makes Xylazine a Controlled Substance, Swiss Capital Wants Pilot Cocaine Sales Program, More. (stopthedrugwar.org)
  • Using newly available testing strips, xylazine has been detected in local supplies of cocaine, opioid products, and crystal meth," says Dr. Thomas Piggott, Peterborough's medical officer of health told the National Post . (breathinglabs.com)
  • Interestingly enough, some studies have shown that xylazine might aid in reducing cocaine cravings in humans. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Anesthetic4
  • In scientific research, xylazine is a component of the most common anesthetic, ketamine-xylazine (see rodent cocktail), which is used in rats, mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a veterinary anesthetic, xylazine is typically only administered once for intended effect before or during surgical procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xylazine is used on many animal species to calm them for diagnostic and surgical procedures, to relieve pain, or to act as a local anesthetic. (vtdigger.org)
  • Xylazine is a veterinary anesthetic, not approved for human consumption, but has found its way into addicts' drugs all around the country today. (shssharkattack.com)
Withdrawal symptoms5
  • chronic xylazine detected, and the proportion of those with xylazine use might lead to severe withdrawal symptoms as well as detected for which xylazine was listed as a cause of death, were skin ulcerations ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The discussion period features questions about the experiences of individuals using xylazine, recent findings on xylazine from the animal research literature, the profile of intentional veterinary xylazine overdose from case reports in the 1980s, and xylazine withdrawal symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • No medications have been FDA-approved to manage xylazine withdrawal symptoms. (drugfreenh.org)
  • When someone with a xylazine addiction abruptly stops using the drug, they may experience withdrawal symptoms. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • There is currently no treatment for xylazine withdrawal symptoms, though anti-anxiety medications have been used to help alleviate them. (meadowsoutpatient.com)
Abuse of xylazine2
  • Our bipartisan bill would take important steps to combat the abuse of xylazine by giving law enforcement more authority to crack down on the illicit distribution of this drug, including by putting stiffer penalties on criminals who are spreading this drug to our communities. (senate.gov)
  • With this article, you'll gain insight into the abuse of xylazine and its potential consequences. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Spread of xylazine2
Overdose of xylazine1
Addition of xylazine1
  • G3: the same treatment as for G2, plus the addition of xylazine during maintenance. (unesp.br)
Positive for xylazine2
Cause of death varied across jurisdicti1
Substances11
  • 79% of Xylazine samples contained 2 to 4 co-occurring substances. (canada.ca)
  • As such, it is possible that not all noncontrolled substances (including Xylazine) were reported. (canada.ca)
  • Any substance use carries the risk of accidental poisoning or overdose but some substances, like xylazine, pose a higher risk. (drugfreenh.org)
  • But veterinary medicine can also be a source of drug abuse and addiction, including dangerous substances like xylazine. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • While both substances pose risks, xylazine abuse has seen a concerning rise due to its accessibility and affordability. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Like many substances with addictive potential, xylazine can lead to the development of addiction in individuals who misuse it. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • 5. Drug Interactions: Combining Xylazine with other substances, such as opioids or alcohol, magnifies the risks exponentially. (armadarecovery.com)
  • The FDA in March issued an import alert for xylazine, which supplies it the ability to detain the uncooked substances or bulk portions of the drug if the shipments are suspected to be unlawful. (ezesavers.com)
  • Xylazine releases dopamine in the brain, linking to the same receptors as substances like opioids. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) or temporary ADIs were established for all of these substances except xylazine. (who.int)
  • The Committee recommended Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) in appropriate tissues (muscle, liver, kidney and fat), milk and/or eggs for all substances except xylazine. (who.int)
Detect xylazine2
Ketamine-xylazine1
  • Combined with ketamine, xylazine is a drug that is used to fully sedate large animals such as elephants or horses for surgery. (solas.health)
20201
  • Illicit xylazine use in the United States, as a whole, has risen since 2020, according to figures from the Drug Enforcement Administration. (vtdigger.org)
Intravenously1
Identifications2
  • The aim of this spotlight report is to characterize trends in Xylazine identifications across Canada since 2012 and draw a more comprehensive picture of Xylazine in Canada based on exhibits seized and submitted to DAS for analysis by law enforcement agencies. (canada.ca)
  • Xylazine identifications are defined as the identification of Xylazine in a unique exhibit. (canada.ca)
Xylazine's2
  • Due to xylazine's highly lipophilic nature, xylazine directly stimulates central α2 receptors as well as peripheral α-adrenoceptors in a variety of tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the key words "xylazine, adulterant," "xylazine, humans," "xylazine, pregnancy" and "xylazine, placenta" to identify the studies evaluating xylazine's effects on humans and the pregnant patient. (ku.edu)
Sedative effects2
Addiction6
  • A recording and summary of the meeting, "Managing Patients Taking Xylazine-Adulterated Opioids in Emergency, Hospital, and Addiction Care Settings," is available. (nih.gov)
  • Until experts learn more about xylazine - such as its potential toxicity at various levels and how to readily test for the drug - it's important to educate the public about its presence and health risks, said Stacey Sigmon, director of the Center on Rural Addiction at the University of Vermont. (vtdigger.org)
  • On August 1st the Network hosted a NetWorkshop with Medication for Addiction Treatment and Electronic Referrals (MATTERS) on MATTERS' services for people with substance use disorder, harm reduction and information about Xylazine. (shnny.org)
  • Continued use of xylazine can result in tolerance, dependence, and addiction. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Identifying signs of xylazine addiction can be challenging, as they can vary depending on the individual. (countrywidetesting.com)
  • Treating xylazine addiction and dependency requires a combination of detoxification, behavioral therapies, and medication-assisted treatment options. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Intended for veterinary purposes1
Bradycardia2
  • failed verification] Xylazine was also studied for use in human beings, but due to hazardous side-effects, including hypotension and bradycardia, it was not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. (wikipedia.org)
  • After human drug trials revealed that xylazine caused bradycardia and hypotension, it wasn't deemed safe for human use. (stairwayrecovery.com)
Zombie drug3
  • Xylazine, known as 'tranq' or 'zombie drug,' is causing blackouts, dangerously low blood pressure levels and heart rates, and severe skin-rotting wounds in users that can lead to amputation if untreated. (axios.com)
  • Xylazine , also known as Tranq or the Zombie Drug , is a sedative approved only for use with animals. (anylabtestnow.com)
  • Despite alarming reports about the rise of xylazine, which has been called a " zombie drug, " federal, state, and local law enforcement do not have the tools necessary to effectively track it or crack down on traffickers using it to increase their profits. (senate.gov)
Mixed with fentanyl4
  • Presenters will also review the state of laboratory testing, outline potential harm reduction activities, and provide an example of an ongoing public health and clinical partnership to mitigate harms from xylazine mixed with fentanyl. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe the current understanding of adverse health effects from exposure to xylazine mixed with fentanyl and acute overdose treatment strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • Little research is available to describe the clinical effects of xylazine, either alone or when mixed with fentanyl and other drugs. (nih.gov)
  • On top of this, Xylazine is usually mixed with Fentanyl into another opioid to enhance the already dangerous effects even when not laced. (shssharkattack.com)
Test strips2
  • Xylazine test strips with good sensitivity and specificity are now available, but there are many questions about the best way to use them. (nih.gov)
  • Xylazine and fentanyl test strips are like your personal guardians on your journey. (utahopioids.org)
Philadelphia3
  • Tracey McCann dari Philadelphia menceritakan kisah kecanduannya pada xylazine. (topescortsinislamabad.com)
  • The most extensive use of Xylazine has been found in Philadelphia, with over 90% of narcotics having traces of it. (shssharkattack.com)
  • Health authorities first noticed Xylazine in Puerto Rico and then in Philadelphia, where it's been found in samples taken from seized drugs and overdose victims since 2016. (solas.health)
Powerful sedative1
  • Xylazine is a powerful sedative drug primarily used in veterinary medicine, but has become a popular drug of abuse due to its availability and low cost. (magnifiedhealth.com)
Substance Use Disorder1
  • It's clear that Xylazine is the next substance causing serious issues for those suffering from substance use disorder. (stairwayrecovery.com)
Illicit drug supply1
  • She highlights that assessing the xylazine landscape is difficult because the amount of xylazine in the illicit drug supply varies greatly by geographic location. (nih.gov)
Humans3
  • Animal studies were included given the limited data on xylazine in pregnant humans. (ku.edu)
  • According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), Xylazine has been administered in studies to humans to determine potential pain-relieving effects , but the studies were terminated due to negative side effects. (legacyfreedom.com)
  • According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), xylazine has never been approved for use in humans . (meadowsoutpatient.com)