AcetylXyloseCelluloseEsteraseDegradationEnzymesEnzymaticWheat branLignocellulosicBacteriumXylooligosaccharidesResiduesEnzymeHydrolysisGenesBackbonePolysaccharideHydrolyzePeptidoglycanSucroseBiomassSynthesisMetabolismFermentationDegradePrebioticMicroorganismsXylanase activityHemicelluloseCoatingsBiochemicalBreakdownPolymerActivityRicePlantsProductsPlantRangeGrowth
Acetyl5
- Family 4 carbohydrate esterases deacetylate polymeric carbohydrate substrates such as chitin, acetyl xylan and peptidoglycan. (rcsb.org)
- A complex with the substrate analogue N-acetyl-glucosamine was refined to 2.25 A resolution, revealing interactions of an aspartic acid and three histidines, all conserved in the NodB homology domain, with the ligand. (rcsb.org)
- The corresponding novel bifunctional carbohydrate esterase (CE), now named BD-FAE, displayed feruloyl esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase activity on simple, synthetic substrates. (inrae.fr)
- Whereas acetyl xylan esterase (AcXE) activity was detected on acetylated glucuronoxylan from birchwood, only FAE activity was observed on acetylated and feruloylated xylooligosaccharides from corn fiber. (inrae.fr)
- Both of the extracellular (extra-) and intracellular (intra-) enzymes of C. owensensis cultivated on corncob xylan or xylose had cellulase (including endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase) and hemicellulase (including xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase and acetyl xylan esterase) activities. (biomedcentral.com)
Xylose5
- The products of xylan hydrolysis by Xyl10B (short xylooligosaccharides, xylose and xylobiose) could be suitable for application as prebiotics and in the production of bioethanol. (springeropen.com)
- Xylanase, including endoxylanase, xylobiohydrolase, and xylotriohydrolase, is a class of enzymes that degrade the linear polysaccharide beta-1,4-xylan into xylose (Kabel et al . (ncsu.edu)
- xylan esterases (EC 3.1.1.6), which release acetate groups and finally xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), which hydrolyzes xylobiose to xylose [3]. (scirp.org)
- Increased of EFB's surface area by fragmentation and development of cracks had enhanced the conversion of holocellulose, especially xylan into xylose, which is the second most important sugars of biomass. (upm.edu.my)
- 140°C for high yield of xylose and 210°C for high yield of glucose as lowcost substrates for biofuels and biomaterials production. (upm.edu.my)
Cellulose6
- I show that besides cellulose, some of these AA9s are highly active on xylan, another important component of wood biomass. (chalmers.se)
- Of all tested substrates, only filter paper (cellulose) and cellobiose were used for growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- We also obtained transcriptomics data from growth on five different substrates: glucose, cellulose (Avicel), beechwood xylan, corncob xylan and rice straw. (chalmers.se)
- Regardless of the cross-linking, the side residues prevent xylan main chains from association that leads to crystallization similar to that of cellulose. (inrae.fr)
- 2005). Xylan protects cellulose against microorganisms. (ncsu.edu)
- Interestingly, while genes which commonly code for cellusomes, protein complexes which breakdown crystalline cellulose, are present the organism is unable to grow solely on cellulose substrates (7). (thecoffeeparlor.com)
Esterase1
- Xyn11A, but not Xyn11B, exhibits xylan esterase activity, and the removal of acetate side chains is required for xylanases to hydrolyze the xylan backbone. (omicsdi.org)
Degradation6
- Corn bran arabinoxylan (CBAX) is one of the most recalcitrant xylans for enzymatic degradation due to its particular heterogeneous nature. (biomedcentral.com)
- This article reviews microbial esterases participating in the degradation of the major plant hemicellulose, xylan. (inrae.fr)
- While acetylxylan esterases and feruloyl esterases participate directly in xylan degradation, glucuronoyl esterases catalyze its separation from lignin. (inrae.fr)
- However, the highly recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass makes it refractory to efficient degradation, limiting access to the carbon sources within, and diminishing its suitability as a substrate for biobased-product synthesis [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Among the plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) produced, xylanases are of special interest since its degradation target, xylan, is one of the main structural polysaccharides in plant cell walls. (omicsdi.org)
- Based on the data presented here, we propose a model for xylan degradation by P. cellulosa in which the GH11 enzymes convert decorated xylans into substituted xylooligosaccharides, which are then hydrolyzed to their constituent sugars by the combined action of cell-associated GH10 xylanases and side chain-cleaving enzymes. (omicsdi.org)
Enzymes6
- The enzymes were extracted by fermenting indigenous wheat bran as substrate with the fungi, Aspergillus spp. (scialert.net)
- Simultaneously, xylan decorations hamper the action of enzymes acting on the main chain. (inrae.fr)
- The enzymatic breakdown of plant xylan, therefore, requires a concerted action of glycanases attacking the main chain and enzymes catalyzing debranching, called accessory xylanolytic enzymes including xylanolytic esterases. (inrae.fr)
- Genes encoding five xylanases, and several accessory enzymes, which remove the various side chains that decorate the xylan backbone, have been isolated from the pseudomonad and characterized. (omicsdi.org)
- The novelty starts with the discovery of novel xylan side chain acting enzymes and extends to their application to develop novel xylan based products. (celignis.com)
- Additionally, Celignis is the leader of WP4, being responsible for the extraction of water-soluble xylan and its conversion it to water insoluble forms with high water holding capacity using the enzymes developed in the project. (celignis.com)
Enzymatic1
- The quantitative (BET) and the qualitative (FTIR/XRD/TG) analysis verified the effectiveness of steam pretreated EFB as a reactive substrate for biomass conversion via enzymatic hydrolysis system. (upm.edu.my)
Wheat bran1
- High xylanase yield variants could grow on natural xylan substrates (wheat bran and paddy straw) producing extracellular xylanase but little cell-bound glucose isomerase. (cftri.res.in)
Lignocellulosic2
- This is because the physical-chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. (mdpi.com)
- By analogy, it may be helpful to apply the same principle of selection pressure (e.g., utilizing an increased dietary abundance of lignocellulosic substrates) to activate and maintain a competitive fiber-degrading population (niche specialization) that expresses CAZymes with enhanced lignocellulolytic capabilities in the rumen [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterium4
- nov., a xylan-degrading bacterium isolated from an oilfield, and reclassification of clostridial cluster III members into four novel genera in a new Hungateiclostridiaceae fam. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Pseudomonas cellulosa is a highly efficient xylan-degrading bacterium. (omicsdi.org)
- xyn10C, xyn10D, xyn11A, and xyn11B were all abundantly expressed when the bacterium was cultured on xylan or beta-glucan but not on medium containing mannan, whereas glucose repressed transcription of these genes. (omicsdi.org)
- In the present study a xylan metabolizing bacterium XPB-6 was isolated earlier in the Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla from the soil samples of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh, INDIA) has been explored for its xylanolytic activity. (scirp.org)
Xylooligosaccharides2
- RmXyl3A and RmXyl3B showed β-xylosidase activity with different specificities for para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked substrates and xylooligosaccharides. (nih.gov)
- The shorter xylooligosaccharides generated from the hydrolysis of xylan would be suitable in different applications, including the food industry as prebiotics. (springeropen.com)
Residues4
- The database provides a series of regularly updated sequence based classification that allow reliable prediction of mechanism (retaining/inverting), active site residues and possible substrates. (wikipedia.org)
- Another cross-linking between lignin and hemicellulose is provided by esters between the xylan side residues of glucuronic or 4-O-methyl-D-glucurononic acid and lignin alcohols. (inrae.fr)
- GEs are capable of degrading complex polymers of lignin and hemicellulose cleaving ester bonds between glucuronic acid residues in xylan and lignin alcohols. (inrae.fr)
- Xylan is the main hemicellulosic polysaccharide of plant cell walls and is composed of a backbone chain of beta-1,4-linked xylosyl residues. (ncsu.edu)
Enzyme3
- An alternative mechanism for hydrolysis with retention of stereochemistry can occur that proceeds through a nucleophilic residue that is bound to the substrate, rather than being attached to the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- In this study a sixth xylanase gene, xyn11B, was isolated which encodes a 357-residue modular enzyme, designated Xyn11B, comprising a glycoside hydrolase family 11 catalytic domain appended to a C-terminal X-14 module, a homologue of which binds to xylan. (omicsdi.org)
- The pH and temperature optimum for enzyme were 7.5 in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer at 60˚C and was stable to a high and broader range of pH and to a temperature up to 75˚C. Kinetic experiments at 60˚C gave V max and K m values of 144.92 U/mg and 0.60 mg∙ml - 1 respectively for birch wood xylan. (scirp.org)
Hydrolysis1
- Chromatographic analysis of sugars formed by hydrolysis of xylan by the culture fluids of 3 strains with high xylanase yields over 4 to 72 h indicated differences in the quality of xylanase produced by parent and variant strains. (cftri.res.in)
Genes2
- Although all of the xylanase genes were induced by the same polysaccharides, temporal regulation of xyn11A and xyn11B was apparent on xylan-containing media. (omicsdi.org)
- Actually, xylan synthesis machinery has been debated since 2009 while the genes from GT47 and GT43 families, referred to as IRX10, IRX9, IRX14, and their homologs, have been found implicated in xylan backbone elongation. (springernature.com)
Backbone1
- Thus, side chains must be cleaved before the xylan backbone is completely hydrolyzed. (scirp.org)
Polysaccharide2
- The analysis showed that in the homolog strain DSM 4252 T Rmar_1080 (RmXyl3A) and Rmar_1081 (RmXyl3B) are parts of a putative polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) for xylan utilization. (nih.gov)
- Xylanases efficiently hydrolyze unsubstituted xylans but these are unable to access highly decorated forms of the polysaccharide, such as arabinoxylans that contain arabinofuranose groups [1]. (scirp.org)
Hydrolyze1
- Xylanases effectively hydrolyze xylan, the principal type of hemicellulose containing a linear polymer of β-D-xylopyranosyl units linked by (1-4) glycoside bonds which act cooperatively to convert xylan to its constituent simple sugars. (scirp.org)
Peptidoglycan1
- Therefore, M. smegmatis peptidoglycan can be used as a substrate to investigate peptidoglycan deacetylase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Sucrose1
- Previously we structurally characterized five glucosylated lactose derivatives (F1-F5) with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 (GL34), products of Lactobacillus reuteri glucansucrases, with lactose and sucrose as substrates. (springer.com)
Biomass1
- Celignis is involved in extracting xylan and chitin from terrestrial and aquatic biomass respectively and modifying them chemically and enzymatically to produce water based and UV-curable coatings. (celignis.com)
Synthesis2
- This work provides new insights into cell wall compartmentalization and self-organization, placing molecular mechanisms of xylan synthesis and compartmentalization in direct context of plant physiology. (springernature.com)
- How xylan synthesis is initiated is still unknown. (springernature.com)
Metabolism1
- Microbial communities are dynamic and can evolve the capability to produce novel CAZymes in response to changing environmental conditions (e.g., the nature of dietary substrates available for metabolism) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fermentation1
- Under the optimal condition, the xylanase activity reached its maximum, 13.90 U/g dry substrate (DS), on the 10th day of fermentation. (ncsu.edu)
Degrade1
- their ability to degrade xylan was then investigated. (cftri.res.in)
Prebiotic1
- According to the latest definition, a prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit" (Gibson et al. (springer.com)
Microorganisms1
- The latter is defined as the process of growing microorganisms in solid substrate without free water (Rahardjo et al . (ncsu.edu)
Xylanase activity1
- A transposon mutant of P. cellulosa in which xyn11A and xyn11B were inactive displayed greatly reduced extracellular but normal cell-associated xylanase activity, and its growth rate on medium containing xylan was indistinguishable from wild-type P. cellulosa. (omicsdi.org)
Hemicellulose1
- The released water-soluble hemicellulose was found to correspond to a mixture of wide degree of polymerization range of acetylarabinoglucuronoxylan fragments (further as corn cob xylan abbreviated CX). (inrae.fr)
Coatings7
- Xylan® coatings is the flagship line of industrial coatings offered by Whitford Corporation. (matrixcoat.com)
- The Xylan brand identifies a vast line of coatings that offer many advanced coating properties such as non-stick, low-friction, dry-film lubrication, high temperature and wear-resistance, and chemical & corrosion resistance. (matrixcoat.com)
- The Whitford industrial family of coatings (Xylan, Eclipse, Dykor, Xylar, XylaMed, & Ultralon) are extreme performance coatings - utilized at high and low temperatures, in chemical & corrosive environments, and under heavy loads and high wear conditions. (matrixcoat.com)
- Xylan coatings are first and foremost high-performance coatings formulated to provide unique and desirable properties by combining fluoropolymers, resin binders, and reinforcing agents into a complex matrix to form functional coatings that can be applied to a variety of parts. (matrixcoat.com)
- The application process for Whitford Xylan coatings typically includes removing any surface contaminants, abrading (grit blasting or sanding), masking if required, application of the coating (conventional spray, electrostatic powder, or dip-spin) and thermal cure. (matrixcoat.com)
- Matrix Coatings Corp. has a long history of providing Xylan coating services and as a result of our extensive experience as an industrial coating services provider we have the distinguished status of being a member of the Whitford Recommended Coater program. (matrixcoat.com)
- These coatings corrode in preference to the substrate when the coating is damaged. (omgobsessed.com)
Biochemical2
- Several substrates were employed in the biochemical characterization of recombinant AXHd3. (megazyme.com)
- A series of in vitro biochemical evidence demonstrated rice IRX10 as a de novo xylan synthase. (springernature.com)
Breakdown1
- The genomic contexts of 200 homologs of BD-FAE revealed that the 33 closest homologs appear in PULs likely involved in xylan breakdown, while the more distant homologs were found either in alginate-targeting PULs or else outside PUL contexts. (inrae.fr)
Polymer1
- Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry identified xylan as a crosslinking polymer that coats cellulosic nanofibrils via flattened twofold ribbon conformer and interacts with hydrophobic lignin via threefold screw conformer, establishing this polymer a crucial role in cell wall coherence. (springernature.com)
Activity1
- In fact, my thesis describes how to increase AA9 activity on xylan even further. (chalmers.se)
Rice1
- We have been looking for xylan synthases in rice for almost a decade. (springernature.com)
Plants2
- At least 150 genera of woody plants are substrates for S. commune , but it also colonizes softwood and grass silage 7 . (nature.com)
- Our article entitled "Xylan-based nanocompartments orchestrate plant vessel wall patterning" was published in Nature Plants on Mar 22, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01113-1). (springernature.com)
Products1
- The target is that the modified xylan is used as an alternative for liquid plastics that are used as rheology modifiers in personal care and cosmetics products. (celignis.com)
Plant1
Range1
- These findings will help to lower the cost of saccharification and broaden the range of usable LPMO substrates. (chalmers.se)
Growth2
- Initial growth of this mycelium occurs beneath the surface of the substrate, with formation of aerial hyphae a few days after germination ( Fig. 1a,b ). (nature.com)
- The adaptive capacity of microbial communities facilitates the use of selective pressure-a selective advantage in the environment that causes one type of organism to grow in preference to another-through the enrichment of the microbial environment with substrates that favor the growth of microbes specialized at degrading specific substrates [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)