This 3-volume video set contains 68 demonstrations of the manipulation of living eggs using techniques taught in the course on the Early Development of Xenopus laevis held at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, for the past four years. (cshlpress.com)
The embryo of the frog Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model of cell polarization, migration, and morphogenesis due to its unique experimental advantages. (nature.com)
Ventral injection of a catalytically inactive form of GSK-3β in Xenopus laevis embryos results in the induction of dorsal development and differentiation of ectopic supernumerary body axes indicating that GSK-3 regulates the dorso-ventral plan formation [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is known that the early neurogenesis of Xenopus laevis is induced by blockade of BMP4 (i.e. (justia.com)
Embryos8
This video guide is an essential learning tool for investigators considering work with Xenopus eggs and embryos. (cshlpress.com)
E2a Is Required for Subsets of Smad2/3 Binding and for Global Patterns of Smad2/3 Target Gene Expression (A) Smad2/3 targets 1,027 distinct genomic regions in control stage 10.5 embryos (yellow) and 1,671 regions in E2a -depleted embryos (blue). (xenbase.org)
There are two regions of observed Smad2/3 binding in control embryos, schematized in blue. (xenbase.org)
D) In E2a -depleted embryos, Smad2/3 binding at region 1 is reduced, while binding at region 2 is increased. (xenbase.org)
Right panels show immunostaining of head organizer cocktail-injected embryos against notochord by MZ15 (dorsal view of the same embryo as shown in the left panel) and somites by 12/101 (lateral view), respectively. (xenbase.org)
Gastrulation movements are orchestrated by a small, heterogeneous group of cells with inductive and morphogenetic properties located in the dorsal lip of the blastopore (DBL) of the amphibian gastrula known as the Spemann-Mangold organizer or dorsal organizer. (nature.com)
At 10 hpf, the germ ring and the embryonic shield were formed, indicating the stage of early gastrula. (bioone.org)
This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)
Other mid-gastrula organizer cells join the expanding mesodermal layer and colonize the cranial and heart mesoderm. (silverchair.com)
Stages2
Here we employ ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches in Xenopus tropicalis gastrulae and find that occupancy of the corepressor, TLE/Groucho, is a better indicator of tissue -specific cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) than the coactivator p300 , during early embryonic stages. (xenbase.org)
The role of Cyp26 during RA utilization and the anteriorization of the neuroectoderm during the early embryonic stages of Xenopus is also unclear. (molcells.org)
Mesoderm4
Here, we show that in Xenopus, Fry plays a role in morphogenetic processes during gastrulation, in addition to its previously described function in the regulation of dorsal mesodermgene expression. (nature.com)
At the beginning of Xenopusgastrulation, the presumptive anterior mesoderm cells located at the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) roll inward at the midline of the blastopore lip in a process called involution. (nature.com)
Induction of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and axis formation including the dorsoventral and anteroposterior posterior regions are major events during vertebrate embryo development. (molcells.org)
Dorsal organizer1
and that the cumulus (dorsal organizer) arises from within the early deep layer by cell-cell interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells10
Chimeric recombination experiments in which veg2, veg1 or ectoderm cells contained foxa MASO show which region of foxa expression controls each of the three functions. (biologists.com)
Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
lt;p>Endoderm is one of the germ layers-aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop. (asu.edu)
An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
The profile of genetic activity and the tissue contribution by cells in the organizer change during gastrulation, suggesting that the organizer may be populated by a succession of cell populations with different fates. (silverchair.com)
We show that there are two distinct regions of internalization: most cells enter the deep layer via the central blastopore but many additional cells ingress via an extra-blastoporal ring, either at the periphery of the germ disc ( Latrodectus spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
In primary cultures of mouse embryonic day 14 (E14) striatum, maintained in vitro for 24 hr, 12% of the cells responded to FGF-2, whereas no response to EGF could be detected. (beauty104.com.tw)
Measured by its ability to induce Topflash reporter activity in HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells. (novusbio.com)
We focus on zebrafish mutants, in which photoreceptor degeneration is caused by defects in protein synthesis in ER, protein transport from ER to the apical photoreceptive membrane region, and phototransduction. (oist.jp)
Notochord1
Note that the notochord reached the anterior-most region in the morphant. (xenbase.org)
Induction1
1992), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), also termed Vhh-1ferentiation of ventral neuronal cell types in explants or Hhg-1, has been implicated in the induction of ventralderived from prospective forebrain regions of the neu- cell types. (fliphtml5.com)
Germ1
Gastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which germ layer precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. (nature.com)
Species3
Cyp26 genes have been previously characterized in various species, but their function in Xenopus leavis have not yet been fully identified. (molcells.org)
A multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence across divergent species, identified five previously undescribed, Nogo-A specific conserved regions that may be relevant for development. (biomedcentral.com)
According to species richness maps, the Central Annamites region in central Vietnam harbors the highest endemic species diversity (32 species) as well as highest subregional endemic species diversity (21 species), which highlights it as a site of particular importance for reptile conservation. (d-roedder.de)
To identify genes involved in the anterior neural specification, we analyzed gene expression profiles using a Xenopus Affymetrix Gene Chip after BMP-4 inhibition in animal cap explants. (molcells.org)
Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis showed that xCyp26c expression started in the anterior region during the early neurula stage. (molcells.org)
Genes2
Using these devices, Otx2 and other head organizer TFs (for example, Lim1/Lhx1 (activator) or Goosecoid (repressor)) are able to upregulate or downregulate a large battery of target genes in the head organizer . (xenbase.org)
As part of the transcriptional complex, FLNA CT can also bind to promoter regions of target genes. (encyclopedia.pub)
Plant Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/ SHAGGY-like kinases (GSKs) have been implicated in numerous biological processes ranging from embryonic, flower, stomata development to stress and wound responses. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila , a pool of SGG isoenzymes encoded by a single gene is necessary to establish cell fate and polarity within embryonic segments [ 8 ] as well as for development of the nervous system [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Occupancy of tissue -specific cis-regulatory modules by Otx2 and TLE/Groucho for embryonic head specification. (xenbase.org)
Differentiation1
In Hydra , inhibition of activity of the HyGSK-3 confers characteristics of the head organizer to the body column resulting in the differentiation of ectopic heads and tentacles on the body column [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Neural2
Early neurogenesis is initiated by inhibition of BMP signaling in the ectoderm by BMP antagonists expressed in Spemann's organizer region, resulting in anterior neural tissue formation ( Hemmati-Brivanlou and Melton, 1994 ). (molcells.org)
In this region, six major classes of retinal neurons differentiate and form neural circuits responsible for vision. (oist.jp)
Node1
Initial asymmetry is believed to be established when posteriorly tilted cilia within the embryonic node rotate to drive a leftwards flow of liquid (nodal flow). (biomedcentral.com)
Mouse1
Identification of FOXJ1 effectors during ciliogenesis in the foetal respiratory epithelium and embryonic left-right organiser of the mouse. (genscript.com)
Formation1
May play a central role in the initial events of axis formation and in particular in specifying anterior head regions and their spatial relationship with trunk structures. (xenbase.org)
Head3
Activates the head organizer gene cer1 by acting synergistically with siamois and mix-A/mix.1 through the 5'-TAATCT-3' element of the cer1 promoter. (xenbase.org)
Phenotypes of loss- and gain-of-function of head organizer TFs in frogs. (xenbase.org)
This occurs in a L-R asymmetric manner such that the caudal-most region of the embryo passes to the right side of the head. (biomedcentral.com)
Hinge2
These hinge regions are proteolyzed by calpain and separate 24 Ig repeats into the rod 1 domain, which comprises 1-15 Ig repeats, rod 2 comprising 16-23 Ig repeats and a dimerization domain [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The hinge regions are proteolyzed by Ca 2+ -dependent calpains, and the cleavage of these sites produces a 90 kDa C -terminal fragment of FLNA (FLNA CT ) and a 200 kDa N -terminal fragment (FLNA NT ) [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Show1
These experiments show that the foxa gene is a component of three distinct embryonic gene regulatory networks. (biologists.com)
Represents2
The y axis represents fold enrichment over a negative (neg) control region near the lefty locus. (xenbase.org)
The regulation of SGG/GSK-3 represents a conserved strategy during evolution for establishing embryonic polarity of both invertebrate and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Results2
The results suggest that NSE immunoreactivity may be a valuable marker for determination of the number of metabolically active neurons in different brain regions after single and repeated experimental seizures. (genscript.com)
Shortly after this the embryo begins to undergo embryonic turning, the process that results in the embryo taking up the classic foetal position. (biomedcentral.com)
Brain1
Identification of an Otx gene-dosage dependent mechanism required for patterning of developing brain and proper positioning of midbrain-hindbrain isthmic organizer. (cnr.it)