• Figure 4: miR-34/449 deficiency causes defective ciliogenesis in the Xenopus embryonic epidermis. (nature.com)
  • We examined the bioelectric properties (resting potential gradients in the epidermis) of Xenopus laevis froglets undergoing hindlimb amputation and observed that the contralateral (undamaged) limb exhibits apparent depolarization signals immediately after the opposite hindlimb is amputated. (biologists.com)
  • B) In situ hybridization of PRC1 mRNA in a late-tail-epidermis-stage embryo. (xenbase.org)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory in the larval model organism Xenopus laevis have shown that over-representation of H4K20 mono-methylation resulted in the embryos' failure to create a directional fluid flow across the morphant epidermis, which normally is induced by metachronal beating of interspersed motile cilia tufts. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Histo- autoradiography of 125 Iodine surface labelled embryos was used to confirm the origin of cleavage furrow membrane in the dividing embryo, and the source of ciliated cells from the double layered epidermis in Xenopus laevis neurulae. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In this presentation, we will discuss the development of in situ/vivo approaches by cellular and subcellular mass spectrometry that enabled our lab to determine the proteomic and metabolomic profile of identified cells in live Xenopus laevis frog embryos developing to tadpoles and neurons in mouse brain tissues. (njacs.org)
  • Embryos of zebrafish and Xenopus frogs are abundant, small and free-living. (nih.gov)
  • Being a tetrapod, Xenopus complements zebrafish as an indispensable non-mammalian animal model for the study of human disease pathologies and the discovery of novel therapeutics for inherited diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Using novel techniques in subtractive cloning, her laboratory defined some of the earliest molecular markers and regulators of the nervous system in both Xenopus and the zebrafish Danio. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Xenopus, zebrafish, and Drosophila the major activation of zygotic transcription occurs as the cell cycle lengthens and gastrulation begins, a developmental period referred to as the midblastula transition. (elifesciences.org)
  • The overall range of membrane proteins present between fertilisation and late neurula stage embryos was found to stay essentially constant, with few proteins showing temporal variation. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Expanding the CRISPR/Cas genome-editing scope in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
  • The genome of Xenopus tropicalis was sequenced in 2010 - the first sequence of an amphibian. (yourgenome.org)
  • The solution came in the form of a close cousin of Xenopus laevis , Xenopus tropicalis . (yourgenome.org)
  • X. tropicalis is smaller than X. laevis , has a shorter life cycle (it matures in about four months) and has a small diploid genome (two copies of each chromosome rather than four). (yourgenome.org)
  • There were high hopes that X. tropicalis would have all the advantages of X. laevis and simpler genetics as well. (yourgenome.org)
  • The high quality sequence has aided researcher's using Xenopus tropicalis , to have a better understanding of its embryo development and cell biology. (yourgenome.org)
  • Studying both X. laevis and X. tropicalis has enabled scientists to discover much about the early three-dimensional development of the embryo after initial fertilisation. (yourgenome.org)
  • Xenbase: The Xenopus Model Organism Knowledgebase. (xenbase.org)
  • As a model organism Xenopus laevis has a number of key benefits, from the ease in which they can be kept, to their abundant supply of large, robust eggs that can be simply manipulated in the lab. (yourgenome.org)
  • The 96 kDa protein kinase activated by oncogenic Ras in Xenopus egg extracts is also activated by constitutively active Mek: activation requires serine/threonine phosphorylation. (wikigenes.org)
  • Molecular measurements using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight or orbitrap mass spectrometer platforms revealed proteomic and metabolomic differences between the X. laevis cells that correlated with phenotype. (njacs.org)
  • This 3-volume video set contains 68 demonstrations of the manipulation of living eggs using techniques taught in the course on the Early Development of Xenopus laevis held at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, for the past four years. (cshlpress.com)
  • Sive studies development of the vertebrate embryo, and has made unique contributions to understanding how the face forms and how the brain develops its structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enhanced water recipe and enrichment for oocyte quality and embryo development in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). (awionline.org)
  • Because maturing oocytes and early embryos lack appreciable transcription, posttranscriptional regulatory processes control their development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Normal Table of Xenopus development: a new graphical resource. (xenbase.org)
  • Histone H2B gene transcription during Xenopus early development requires functional cooperation between proteins bound to the CCAAT and octamer motifs. (wikigenes.org)
  • Influence of organochlorine pesticides on development of mouse embryos in vitro . (cdc.gov)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • Keibel drew illustrations of embryos in many stages of development. (asu.edu)
  • The paper "Formation of Genetically Mosaic Mouse Embryos and Early Development of Lethal (t12/t12)-Normal Mosaics," by Beatrice Mintz, describes a technique to fuse two mouse embryos into a single embryo. (asu.edu)
  • This is according to new research from Tufts University scientists which shows that long before movement or other behaviors occur, the brain of an embryonic frog influences muscle and nerve development and protects the embryo from agents that cause developmental defects. (medindia.net)
  • To examine the role of the brain during early development, the researchers removed the brains of Xenopus laevis frog embryos 27-1/2 hours after the eggs were fertilized, long before independent embryonic activity occurs. (medindia.net)
  • At this time, German scientists were undeniably the world experts in embryology, the science of the development from fertilisation to embryo. (yourgenome.org)
  • This signalling leads to certain patterns of development in the X. laevis embryo. (yourgenome.org)
  • Therefore, X. laevis researchers looked to develop a simpler method to investigate the functions of genes and proteins in the development of the frog. (yourgenome.org)
  • Proteins showing temporal variation in their expression in the membrane during Xenopus development were detected. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Dramatic changes in the composition of proteins synthesised during Xenopus laevis early development were noted, with most significant changes observed at the gastrula stage following the mid-blastula transition. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Cell surface labelling with 125 Iodine was also used to characterise overall changes in the cell membrane during Xenopus laevis early development. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • RMND5 from Xenopus laevis is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and functions in early embryonic forebrain development. (xenbase.org)
  • We therefore suggest that Xenopus laevis Rmnd5 , as a subunit of the CTLH complex, is a ubiquitin-ligase targeting an unknown factor for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation for proper fore- and midbrain development. (xenbase.org)
  • Characterization of Pax3 and Sox10 transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos as tools to study neural crest development. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • They are made from a mixture of skin cells and heart muscle cells from the very early stages of frog embryos. (iflscience.com)
  • Western blot analysis of embryo lysate from indicated stages (top). (xenbase.org)
  • Whole mount in situ hybridisation (Wmish) of wild type Xenopus laevis embryos at different developmental stages. (xenbase.org)
  • This means that if a chemical perturbs a frog embryo, it's likely to do the same thing to a human embryo," she said. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The history of experimental embryology using amphibians stretches back to the 1880s, when German embryologist Wilhelm Roux removed one cell of a two-cell frog embryo . (yourgenome.org)
  • Expression of these genes answered the age-old question of when the embryo decides to make a nervous system: Sive showed that future brain cells are set aside when the embryo is just a ball of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In both mouse and Xenopus , miR-34/449-deficient multiciliated cells (MCCs) exhibited a significant decrease in cilia length and number, due to defective basal body maturation and apical docking. (nature.com)
  • To simulate what happens to fetuses when e-cigarettes are used during pregnancy, the researchers exposed frog embryos and samples of mammalian neural crest cells to saline infused with e-cigarette vapor. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Researchers experimented with the same e-liquids without nicotine and found that the cells and frog embryos were still dramatically affected even when nicotine was absent. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
  • Unviable half-embryos resulted, left or right side only, indicating that the two original cells had different fates. (yourgenome.org)
  • Following this, other major classes of signalling molecules found in the cells of animals have subsequently been identified, allowing scientists to learn even more about how the frog and other vertebrates develop from embryo to adult. (yourgenome.org)
  • Xenobots, named after the frog species Xenopus laevis that the cells come from, were first described last year. (newscientist.com)
  • C) Localization of Homo sapiens RMND5A ( RMND5a , middle panel), RMND5B (RMND5b, bottom panel) and Xenopus laevis Rmnd5 ( Rmnd5 , top panel) in HEK293 cells. (xenbase.org)
  • Spermatogenesis produces haploid sperm capable of penetrating the oocyte, whereas oogenesis produces differentiated oocytes that are stockpiled with maternal nutrients, proteins, and mRNAs, and have outer layers that protect the embryo and enable fertilization. (elifesciences.org)
  • The production of viable offspring requires three key developmental events: oocyte maturation, the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET), and the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
  • X. laevis is allotetraploid (four copies of each chromosome, rather than two like us) which makes it very difficult to knock out a gene to investigate its function. (yourgenome.org)
  • For example, understanding cell differentiation during early patterning of the chordate embryo and its brain regions can provide insights into the treatment of various developmental diseases. (njacs.org)
  • From the 1950s onwards X. laevis gradually became the organism of choice for developmental studies. (yourgenome.org)
  • Here, we will review the rapid progress made in adapting these novel genome editing tools to Xenopus. (nih.gov)
  • During fertilization, the sperm s point of entry determines the future dorsal side (shaded) and ventral side (unshaded) of the embryo. (asu.edu)
  • The prospective ventral side of the embryo forms on the side where the sperm enters while the prospective dorsal side forms opposite the sperm s point of entry. (asu.edu)
  • The dramatic increase of good embryos due to this enhanced water recipe and the reduction of females being used, combined with the robustness of males due to species-specific enrichment being provided, yielded a greater quality of life for this Xenopus laevis colony. (awionline.org)
  • While many species of amphibians have been studied by scientists, the one that stands out in genetics is the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. (yourgenome.org)
  • At this point, the embryo initiates transcription, acquires gap phases between S and M phases, and establishes a functional apoptotic program. (vt.edu)
  • Function of these genes, including otx2 and zic1 (opl), was studied using hormone-inducible fusion proteins, a technique first used in embryos by Sive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that Rmnd5 , the Gid2 orthologue from Xenopus laevis, is an ubiquitin-ligase embedded in a high molecular weight complex. (xenbase.org)
  • Allyson Kennedy, Ph.D., a graduate of VCU's Integrative Life Sciences program, exposed the frog embryos to the saline-vapor mixture and recorded facial measurements and any incidents of cleft palates the embryos developed. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A 3-D fate map of the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo with the prospective point of ingression and yolk. (asu.edu)
  • Important embryological techniques, such as grafting, which involves taking a piece of tissue and putting it somewhere else in the embryo, are very easy to do with high precision in X. laevis embryos because of their large size (usually 1mm to 1.3mm in diameter). (yourgenome.org)
  • 2B12, a monoclonal antibody raised against adult Xenopus laevis brain tissue, was characterised on embryo and tissue sections using indirect immunofluoresence. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • To create the spherical xenobots, Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts and his colleagues extracted tissue from 24-hour-old frog embryos which formed into spheroid structures after minimal physical manipulation. (newscientist.com)
  • The advantages of Xenopus embryos as in vivo models to study human inherited diseases will be presented and their utility for drug discovery screening will be discussed. (nih.gov)
  • However, checkpoints are engaged in Xenopus once the embryo reaches the midblastula transition (MBT). (vt.edu)
  • In a recent, elegant study, Inomata and colleagues proposed a new model explaining how bone morphogenic protein (BMP) activity gradient scales with embryo size in the early Xenopus laevis embryo. (huji.ac.il)
  • In addition, when exposed to chemicals that do not cause birth defects in normal embryos, embryos without brains developed severe deformities, such as bent spinal cords and tails. (medindia.net)
  • Xenopus laevis Rmnd5 protein is structurally and functionally related to human RMND5A . (xenbase.org)
  • Two proteins specific to labelling of disaggregated embryos were detected and these are thought to be specific to intercellular membranes. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Franz Keibel studied the embryos of humans and other animals in Europe at the turn of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
  • Follow-up functional experiments led to discoveries of molecules capable of altering normal cell fate decisions in the chordate embryo. (njacs.org)
  • As described, Cdc25A regulation is dynamic in the embryo. (vt.edu)
  • The external view column (images a.1-a.6) shows gastrulation as it occurs on the outside of the embryo. (asu.edu)
  • Uma técnica para o transplante 'Extreme Anterior Domain' tecido facial entre embriões de Xenopus laevis foi desenvolvido. (jove.com)
  • She used a simple anterior organ, the mucus-secreting cement gland of the frog Xenopus, to define the genetic network required for anterior position. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a while in the 1940s and 1950s, this was the only available pregnancy test, and many hospitals kept X. laevis for this purpose. (yourgenome.org)
  • Collagen density diminished, and muscle fibers were shorter and lacked the characteristic chevron patterning found in normal embryos. (medindia.net)
  • This major breakthrough in embryo research has provided large numbers of women the possibility of becoming pregnant, and subsequent advances have dramatically increased their chances. (asu.edu)
  • When exposed to various other flavors, the frog embryos developed faces that were smaller than average, Dickinson added. (neurosciencenews.com)