The enzyme xanthan lyase (EC 4.2.2.12) catalyzes the following process: Eliminative cleavage of the terminal β-D-mannosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain It belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
Xanthan gum's chemical structure is distinct from those of host and dietary polysaccharides that are more commonly expected to transit the gastrointestinal tract, and little is known about its direct interaction with the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in digestion of other dietary fibre polysaccharides. (nature.com)
Bacteroides1
Some individuals harbour Bacteroides intestinalis that is incapable of consuming polymeric xanthan gum but grows on oligosaccharide products generated by the Ruminococcaceae. (nature.com)
Ruminococcaceae2
Here we show that the ability to digest xanthan gum is common in human gut microbiomes from industrialized countries and appears contingent on a single uncultured bacterium in the family Ruminococcaceae. (nature.com)
Feeding xanthan gum to germfree mice colonized with a human microbiota containing the uncultured Ruminococcaceae supports the idea that the additive xanthan gum can drive expansion of the primary degrader Ruminococcaceae, along with exogenously introduced B. intestinalis . (nature.com)
Thickening agent2
Xanthan is used in industry as a thickening agent in foods and drinks, as a stabilizing agent for foams, as a means of enhancing oil recovery and in the manufacture of good such as paints, cosmetics and explosives. (wikipedia.org)
Processed foods often include food additives such as xanthan gum, a complex polysaccharide with unique rheological properties, that has established widespread use as a stabilizer and thickening agent. (nature.com)
Food1
Our work demonstrates the existence of a potential xanthan gum food chain involving at least two members of different phyla of gut bacteria and provides an initial framework for understanding how widespread consumption of a recently introduced food additive influences human microbiomes. (nature.com)
Polysaccharide8
The enzyme xanthan lyase (EC 4.2.2.12) catalyzes the following process: Eliminative cleavage of the terminal β-D-mannosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain It belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
Xanthan is a polysaccharide secreted by several different bacterial taxa, such as the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, and it consists of a main linear chain based on cellulose with side chains attached to alternate glucosyl (glucose) residues. (wikipedia.org)
Polysaccharide lyase: molecular cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the xanthan lyase gene of Bacillus sp. (researchmap.jp)
Microbial system for polysaccharide depolymerization: Enzymatic route for xanthan depolymerization by Bacillus sp. (researchmap.jp)
Polysaccharide lyase family 8, N terminal alpha-helical domain. (unl.edu)
Polysaccharide lyase family 8, super-sandwich domain. (unl.edu)
Polysaccharide lyase family 8, C-terminal beta-sandwich domain. (unl.edu)
Alpha helical1
The enzyme from Bacillus is a monomer consisting of two domains: an alpha helical N-terminal domain, and a C-terminal domain composed of beta sheets. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes1
This family consists of a group of secreted bacterial lyase enzymes capable of acting on glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronan and chondroitin, in the extracellular matrix of host tissues, contributing to the invasive capacity of the pathogen. (unl.edu)
Family1
Family members include chondroitin AC lyase, chondroitin abc lyase, xanthan lyase, and hyalurate lyase. (unl.edu)