World s researchers volcanoes magma and volcanic eruptions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Scientists found evidence of life created in the Cambrian Explosion in volcanic rocks drawn from deep within the Earth's mantle. (newsweek.com)
The amount of energy released from the recent blast is comparable to other major eruptions throughout Earth's history. (newsweek.com)
Hot material rises from the deep mantle, collects under the earth's crust, makes its way to the surface and forms a volcano," said Dr. Reinhard Werner, one of the authors of the current paper. (science20.com)
The Siberian volcanic eruptions and related massive intrusions of nickel-rich magmas into the Earth's crust apparently emitted nickel-rich volatiles into the atmosphere, where they were distributed globally," explains New York University geologist Michael Rampino, the paper's senior author. (wattsupwiththat.com)
So do volcanic eruptions increase the earth's temperature or decrease the temperature? (wattsupwiththat.com)
The country's volcanoes provide valuable insights into the earth's geological processes. (factolifestyle.com)
A team of experts have warned that huge seismic events, including volcanic eruptions, plunging global temperatures and destabilisation of the Earth's crust will become more common after worrying changes to the surface of the Sun were recorded. (express.co.uk)
New Magma Layer Found Deep in Earth's Mantle? (nationalgeographic.com)
A layer of searing hot liquid magma trapped since Earth's formation may lie 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) beneath our feet, new research suggests. (nationalgeographic.com)
The finding backs up theories that Earth's solid lower mantle once housed a magma "ocean," and that some remnant of that molten material still exists today, like jam between two cake layers. (nationalgeographic.com)
Their findings not only affect theories for how Earth's insides are structured but also imply that some volcanoes might be spewing lava from magma plumes that brush against Earth's core. (nationalgeographic.com)
Still, the molten rock created during the experiment might hold chemical markers that could help researchers understand how Earth's molten material cooled and separated into layers over time, the study authors say. (nationalgeographic.com)
Devastating as the eruption was, it is still just a glimpse of what Earth's most powerful volcanoes are capable of. (livescience.com)
A team of chemists has identified a substance, in the eruptions that caused Earth's largest extinction, believed to have altered the chemistry of the planet's oceans triggering a domino effect that eventually suffocated animals around the world. (elementa.su)
The researchers found the chemical reactions involving sulfur in the martian atmosphere were different from those that took place early in Earth's geological history. (astronomy.com)
He does not expect that the eruption will cause any short-term changes to Earth's climate, the way other large eruptions have in the past. (wlrn.org)
Galileo and telescopes on Earth show that the temperature of the material that comes out of the Io volcanoes may be higher than 1,300 degrees Celsius, hotter than Earth's molten basalt. (fapesp.br)

The drones could help local communities monitor nearby volcanoes and forecast future eruptions. (sciencealert.com)
This provides useful information for predicting and modelling future eruptions. (cri.nz)
GFZ's Eleonora Rivalta said, "If our method works well on other volcanoes too, it may help planning land usage in volcanic areas and forecasting the location of future eruptions with a higher certainty than previously possible. (acm.org)

The eruption tossed large volcanic cinders (pieces of hot lava) more than 5,900 feet (1,800 meters) from the volcano's Showa crater, one of two active craters atop Sakurajima. (livescience.com)
Many frequently erupting volcanoes, like Hawaii's Kilauea volcano, gush basalt, a liquidy lava that has trouble holding onto the gas bubbles that cause explosive eruptions. (livescience.com)
On Tuesday authorities scrambled to build a defence wall around the Svartsengi power plant, located just over six kilometers from Grindavik, to protect it from lava flows amid fears of an eruption. (yahoo.com)
The most active volcano in Hawaii and has been erupting for four months, and has produced around 12 billion gallons of lava. (newsweek.com)
used data from a permanent seismic network and tiltmeter located at Kīlauea's summit and derived models of tremor source processes to examine how volcanic tremors related to the disappearance of a lava lake and subsidence in Halema'uma'u Crater at the beginning and throughout the 2018 eruption . (phys.org)
Using computer simulations, researchers are investigating the likely atmospheric effects if a "flood lava" eruption took place in Iceland today. (agu.org)
Shield volcanoes in Hawaii are characterized by their enormous size, low slope, steady lava flow, and caldera at the summit that forms when the top collapses. (hawaiistar.com)
This shape is a result of the lava flows that are emitted during their eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
This is because the lava that erupts from shield volcanoes is typically low in silica content, which results in low viscosity. (hawaiistar.com)
The low viscosity allows the lava to flow easily and smoothly, rather than building up pressure and causing explosive eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
During these eruptions, the lava flows steadily from the volcanic vent, slowly building up the shield-shaped cone over time. (hawaiistar.com)
Another characteristic feature of shield volcanoes is their layered lava flows. (hawaiistar.com)
The volcano 'deflates' due to the release of gases and lava fragments into the atmosphere. (worldcrunch.com)
In this cycle of activity Mount Etna erupted about 60 million cubic meters of magma, especially through particularly energetic lava fountains, as reported by the INGV researchers who constantly monitors volcanic activity. (burnmagazine.org)
The extended sweep that forms the base of Mount Fuji resulted from the gradual build-up of huge amounts lava and debris that flowed from New Fuji and her two adjacent volcanoes. (meguri-japan.com)
Lava from most volcanoes in Japan is slow-flowing andesitic lava, but unusually, the lava that flowed from Mount Fuji's composite volcanoes was fast-flowing basalt lava, which shaped the spreading curve of the base of the mountain, and also left curiosities such as lava caves and lava tree moulds that can be seen today. (meguri-japan.com)
It is possible to climb to the top of certain volcanoes, smell the sulfur from the burning lava and see it move slowly in the crater before it pours down the hillside. (fapesp.br)
With a 35-meter-deep crater, a caldera, and a lava tunnel, most of the Vulcania site hides under the volcanic subsoil, in the lava of a volcano that erupted 30,000 years ago. (marieclaudearnott.com)
They might ask why the magma is red whereas the interior of the planets is primarily green, and differentiate magma (the underground molten rock) from lava (the ejected molten rock). (marieclaudearnott.com)
But occupancy dropped from 85 percent on April 30 to 51 percent during the eruption and didn't recover by much afterwards because many visitors want to see lava. (afar.com)
With no lava to look at, other sites at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park entice, like Holei Sea Arch. (afar.com)
McBirney's research, including groundbreaking discoveries in the layers of minerals and igneous rocks in the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland, served to write the book on the composition of lava and volcanic rocks. (uoregon.edu)
His textbook "Igneous Petrology," now in a third edition, is still widely used and considered to be an important resource on igneous rocks, which form from cooling and solidification of magma or lava. (uoregon.edu)

For example, researchers estimate that the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption exploded with 24 megatons of energy, while the 1883 Krakatoa eruption unleashed 200 megatons of energy, according to NASA. (livescience.com)

14, 2023 - The 2022 eruption of a submarine volcano in Tonga was more powerful than the largest U.S. nuclear explosion, according to a new study. (koonmotors.com)
Dec. 20, 2022 - The main gases released by volcanoes are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. (koonmotors.com)
Dec. 12, 2022 - The powerful volcanic eruption in January 2022 created ripple effects throughout the world's atmosphere and oceans. (koonmotors.com)
Nov. 21, 2022 - Volcanic eruptions are dangerous and difficult to predict. (koonmotors.com)
#NASAWorldview Image of the Week: Explosive Eruption of #HungaTonga - Hunga Ha'apai Volcano as observed on Jan. 15, 2022 by the ABI instrument aboard the @NOAA GOES-West satellite. (wlrn.org)

Researchers tracked the volcano's behavior before and after the eruption: they monitored gases fuming from its crater, steam explosions burst through the ice on top of the volcano, and tremors from magma moving beneath the surface. (un-spider.org)
In 2005, Italian researchers developed the Multi-GAS, a multi-component gas analyzer system usually mounted on a drone that flies over active craters to measure the levels of five key gases emitted by volcanoes. (un-spider.org)
As magma nears the surface and its pressure decreases, gases escape. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfur dioxide is one of the main components of volcanic gases, and increasing amounts of it herald the arrival of increasing amounts of magma near the surface. (wikipedia.org)
When clear skies allow, satellites can also rapidly detect and measure volcanic emissions of gases such as sulphur dioxide (SO2). (sciencealert.com)
But rising volcanic emissions are not alone a reliable indicator of whether an eruption is imminent or likely, so the researchers also looked at the ratio between different gases, namely CO2 and SO2, in Manam's plumes. (sciencealert.com)
However, the researchers found that the mixture of gases emitted from Manam was much the same during both field trips. (sciencealert.com)
Some have theorized that large volcanic eruptions contribute to global warming by spewing large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the stratosphere. (business-ethics.com)
But the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by even a large and ongoing volcanic eruption is but a drop in the bucket in comparison to our annual output of industrial and automotive carbon emissions. (business-ethics.com)
Mud volcanoes, which can appear on land or underwater, form when underground layers of silt or clay become pressurized either by tectonic activity or by a buildup of hydrocarbon gases. (sott.net)
Underneath the plains, subduction is also melting rock into magma, which infuses the groundwater with heat and volcanic gases. (sott.net)
At the same time, explosive interactions of the magma with older coal deposits could have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, two greenhouse gases, which would explain the intense global warming recorded in the oceans and on land at the time of the mass extinctions. (wattsupwiththat.com)
A modern recurrence of an extraordinary type of volcanic eruption in Iceland could inject large quantities of hazardous gases into North Atlantic and European flight corridors, potentially for months at a time, a new study suggests. (agu.org)
The entire volcano begins to 'inflate' about ten minutes before the explosion, following an exponential trend due to the expansion of gases during the magma ascent in the feeding conduit. (worldcrunch.com)
Scientists are not sure what conditions made it possible for liquid water to exist on the surface, but greenhouse gases released by volcanoes likely played a role. (astronomy.com)
Gases bubble out of the magma as it gets higher, since the pressure is decreasing because there is less rock. (listverse.com)
But our magma conduit is still capped, so the gases have nowhere to go but out into the conduit. (listverse.com)
This speeds up the rising melt, and a chain reaction starts that can lead to an eruption, if the gases don't run out and the magma doesn't encounter a barrier of some sort that it can't pass. (listverse.com)
This matters because rising magma is driven by gases. (listverse.com)
As gases start to build up pressure, the magma becomes unstable. (cnn.com)
Vulcania was the vision of Katia and Maurice Krafft, two French vulcanists who perished from a pyroclastic flow (an eruption of volcanic rocks and searing gases) at Mount Unzen, in 1991, on the Japanese island of Kyushu, along with their American colleague Harry Glicken and 41 others. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Here, they also learn that geologists delve into the physical records of volcanoes to trace prehistoric eruptions dozens of millennia back, that the work of geophysicists and geochemists deals with the underground layers, and that meteorologists keep track of dust and gases in the atmosphere around the globe. (marieclaudearnott.com)

Seismic activity (earthquakes and tremors) always occurs as volcanoes awaken and prepare to erupt and are a very important link to eruptions. (wikipedia.org)
With an estimated 300 active volcanoes on Earth, the challenge is how to monitor them all to send out early warnings before they erupt. (sciencealert.com)
In this approximately 3000 word article, we will explore what makes Hawaiian shield volcanoes unique, how they erupt and build the islands over time, and examine the most famous and active shield volcanoes in Hawaii like Mauna Loa and Kilauea. (hawaiistar.com)
But on that morning, at 8.32am, the results turned out to be deadly as a magnitude-5 earthquake struck, causing the volcano to lose its cryptodome and erupt. (sott.net)
Over 1,000 volcanoes are active globally, and 50 to 70 erupt annually. (wscience.net)

Is there any link between increased volcanic activity-such as the recent eruptions in Iceland, Alaska and elsewhere-and global warming? (business-ethics.com)
Similar processes, they say, led to a surge in volcanic eruptions in Iceland at the end of the last ice age, and similarly increased volcanic activity is expected to occur there in the future. (business-ethics.com)

Studying volcanoes and past eruptions provide valuable insight into the timing, size and extent of past eruptions. (cri.nz)
These layers can be seen in the exposed sides of the volcano, revealing the history of past eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
Based on my research, using radiocarbon dating to examine the ash and deposits from past eruptions, it seems this latest eruption is a once-in-a-millennium event for the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano. (cnn.com)

Flood basalt volcanism isn't exactly like one-off, explosive volcanic eruptions, but at least they're not fingering just CO2. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Scientists are working to understand how explosive volcanic eruptions - and potential geoengineering efforts - would affect rain worldwide. (agu.org)
Selfoss, Iceland - The awesome sight of explosive volcanic eruptions occasionally includes a light show as well. (agu.org)
Explosive volcanic eruptions can be so violent and sudden that they catch most monitoring networks by surprise. (worldcrunch.com)
This uniqueness of the deformation process has led to the development of the world's first real-time alert system for explosive volcanic eruptions. (worldcrunch.com)
4) prior to 10,000 years ago, information might be found on the Wallis Islands page in the LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) database, a part of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA) . (si.edu)

In the last four decades, however, due to the proliferation of new and innovative instruments and techniques, scientists have made progress in forecasting the timing of many volcanic eruptions. (un-spider.org)
Scientists started to extensively study volcanic dynamics 40 years ago, when an eruption of Mount St Helens in Washington state, United States of America, killed 57 people. (un-spider.org)
This new way of collecting gas samples is an efficient and less dangerous method compared to ground-based technologies, as the Multi-GAS instrument is able to measure volcanic-gas composition every second and does not require scientists to go near crater and vents. (un-spider.org)
Using the technique of interferometric synthetic-aperture radar, scientists can now track movements of volcanoes at unprecedented resolution levels and at frequent time intervals. (un-spider.org)
In December 2000, scientists at the National Center for Prevention of Disasters in Mexico City predicted an eruption within two days at Popocatépetl, on the outskirts of Mexico City. (wikipedia.org)
Most scientists believe that this drop in gas levels is caused by the sealing of gas passages by hardened magma. (wikipedia.org)
In 2009, scientists with the Deep Drilling Project were drilling a mile-deep borehole into Iceland's Krafla volcanic caldera when magma suddenly began creeping into the hole. (bigthink.com)
If magma-detection technology improves, scientists might someday be able to install sensors around previously hidden magma pools, which could provide warnings of upcoming eruptions. (bigthink.com)
Scientists have previously said changes in uplift caused by magma could indicate a future eruption. (newsweek.com)
Scientists have a few ways of forecasting when a volcano is going to blow. (sciencealert.com)
Of course, many volcanoes around the world are not subject to pressure from ice caps, and scientists stress that there is little if any evidence linking global warming to eruptions in such situations. (business-ethics.com)
A team of scientists has found new evidence that the Great Permian Extinction, which occurred approximately 250 million years ago, was caused by massive volcanic eruptions that led to significant environmental changes. (wattsupwiththat.com)
This new evidence of a nickel fingerprint at the time of the extinctions convinced the scientists that it was the volcanic upheaval in Siberia that produced intense global warming and other environmental changes that led to the disappearance of more than 90 percent of all species. (wattsupwiththat.com)
The trend has prompted scientists to warn that the world is hurtling towards a historic solar minimum event with output potentially dropping to an all-time low. (express.co.uk)
The volcanic eruption in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga peaked on Jan. 15 with more explosive force than 100 simultaneous Hiroshima bombs, NASA scientists reported on Monday (Jan 24). (livescience.com)
By studying these layers, scientists can gain valuable insights into the volcano's eruption history and the processes that have shaped the landscape over time. (hawaiistar.com)
From studying eruptions on the island over the years, scientists have observed that cycles of volcanic activity appear to be driven by the height of sea water. (elementa.su)
Based on four super-eruptions in northern Chile, scientists were able to recreate the start of this kind of eruption and better comprehend its magmatic dynamics. (wscience.net)
It was obliterated in a volcanic eruption that scientists estimate was 10 megatons in size. (wlrn.org)
The scientists from the University of Illinois developed a new model for detecting the next supervolcano eruption. (healththoroughfare.com)
With on-site estimations of the tectonic stress, in areas where supervolcanoes reside, scientists are now able to predict when the next supervolcano eruption will occur. (healththoroughfare.com)
Scientists, though, ruled out speculation that the geyser eruptions are indicating an imminent Yellowstone supervolcano eruption. (healththoroughfare.com)
The scientists have chosen to base their research on New Zealand's Taupo Volcano because of the straightforward tectonic spread-out layout of the area, a feature which is usually observed in other supervolcanoes in the world, including the Yellowstone. (healththoroughfare.com)
Scientists came to the assumption that hundreds to thousands of years will be required before a plentiful supply of magma could unleash an eruption and last time when this happened, there has been tremendous tectonic stress. (healththoroughfare.com)
Scientists at the GFZ German Research Center in Potsdam, Germany, have developed a computer model which they say boosts the accuracy of volcanic eruption prediction. (acm.org)
As plate tectonics emerged as a theory in the 1960s, scientists began unraveling mysterious geological processes tied to mountain building, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. (uoregon.edu)

Aerial view into the active vent of Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, showing molten magma near the surface. (sciencealert.com)
The volcanoes in New Zealand are fed by molten material (magma) produced by this process. (cri.nz)
Fiquet cautions against using the term "magma ocean" to describe the potentially melted layer deep inside Earth: "The basic thing to remember is that the mantle is solid rock, but it might also be partially molten at the base. (nationalgeographic.com)
In the martian meteorites, some sulfur came from molten rock, or magma, which came to the surface during volcanic eruptions. (astronomy.com)

Now researchers have designed specially-adapted drones to help gather data from an active volcano in Papua New Guinea (PNG). (sciencealert.com)
It's the highest active volcano in Europe, a majestic presence that touches all of Sicily and all Sicilians but, for those who live on its slopes, it's a real and significant presence to live with day after day. (burnmagazine.org)
High 3326 (variable), Mount Etna it is the highest active volcano in Europe. (burnmagazine.org)
We are tumbling at a vertiginous speed into the magma chamber of an active volcano. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Among them, Kilauea holds the Guinness World Record for being the most active volcano on the planet. (afar.com)

Prediction of volcanic activity, or volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. (wikipedia.org)
Santorini's sea level could help predict the volcano's eruption. (elementa.su)

On several occasions, such as before the Mount Pinatubo eruption and the 1993 Galeras, Colombia eruption, sulfur dioxide emissions have dropped to low levels prior to eruptions. (wikipedia.org)
It also makes Tonga the most powerful volcanic eruption seen on Earth in more than 30 years, since the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. (livescience.com)
Unlike the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, which spewed ash and smoke for hours, the events at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai lasted less than 60 minutes. (wlrn.org)

Our findings show that propagation of ruptures from this earthquake terminated in Aso caldera because of the presence of magma beneath the Aso volcanic cluster. (phys.org)
The newly formed co-seismic ruptures under Aso caldera are potential new channels for magma venting, thus changing the physical dynamics of Aso volcano, such as where pressure is concentrated. (phys.org)
A recent study of Iceland's Krafla volcanic caldera suggests hidden magma pools may be lurking under many of the world's volcanic systems. (bigthink.com)
To better understand the origins of hidden magma pools, the researchers took magma samples from the 2009 Krafla incident and compared them to seven other recorded eruptions within the Krafla caldera involving rhyolite, a silica-rich type of volcanic rock that's especially explosive. (bigthink.com)
For example, the drillers involved in the Krafla incident struck rhyolitic magma, which is more explosive than basalt, the type of magma that dominates the Krafla caldera. (bigthink.com)
used GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar data to examine deformation around the caldera associated with the volcano's known reservoirs-the shallow Halema'uma'u reservoir (HMM) and the deeper South Caldera reservoir (SC)-after the eruption ended in August of 2018. (phys.org)
They documented inflation on the northwestern side of the caldera and deflation on the southeastern side of the caldera, indicating that the summit magma chambers are hydraulically distinct. (phys.org)
Jean Soubestre et al, Sources of Volcanic Tremor Associated With the Summit Caldera Collapse During the 2018 East Rift Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2021). (phys.org)
The eruption caused the formation of a series of small islands on the edge of the caldera. (elementa.su)
In late 2014 and early 2015, along the rim of that caldera, volcanic activity built a platform that rose up out of the sea, creating a new island. (wlrn.org)
This indicates when the eruption occurred, the sudden loss of magma likely caused the central portion of the volcano to collapse, creating a caldera, or a hollow depression. (cnn.com)
The model's application to historical data on a caldera in Italy allowed the researchers to correctly predict the site of historical vents that were not used to refine the model. (acm.org)

Large earthquakes often accompany or precede volcanic eruptions. (phys.org)
These short-period earthquakes signify the growth of a magma body near the surface and are known as 'A' waves. (wikipedia.org)
These type of seismic events are often also referred to as Volcano-Tectonic (or VT) events or earthquakes. (wikipedia.org)
About 800 earthquakes have been recorded in Iceland since midnight - most of them in the middle of the magma tunnel. (yahoo.com)
The town was initially evacuated on Saturday after strong earthquakes occurred in the area - which is near a volcano currently at risk of eruption. (yahoo.com)
The earthquakes, although minor, are a sign that magma is moving underground. (factolifestyle.com)
This indicates that the explosive process always follows the same dynamics and allows for the distinction of ground deformations preceding eruptions from signals produced by other natural sources (atmospheric pressure, temperature, tides, rainfall, earthquakes, etc. (worldcrunch.com)
More than 400 earthquakes have been detected beneath the surface of the volcano in recent months. (sott.net)
There are fears the earthquakes could lead to anot her massive explosion reminiscent of 1980s eruption that left 57 people dead and permanently altered the area's ecosystem. (sott.net)
Concern is spiked when earthquakes happen near the Mount, but the recharges can happen for many years without an eruption. (sott.net)
However, in 1980, small earthquakes were recorded at the site just before the deadly eruption. (sott.net)
Two months before the eruption, in October, a catastrophic Magnitude 8 earthquake had occurred in the Tōkai area, followed by swarm earthquakes. (meguri-japan.com)
Oregon is on the Ring of Fire, a horseshoe-shaped belt outlining most of the Pacific Ocean basin and home to earthquakes and volcanoes. (uoregon.edu)

Most of the volcanic activities are rapidly evolving phenomena, and thus, hard for volcanologists and disaster management agencies to monitor and predict. (un-spider.org)
Volcanologists are now using new tools and techniques, such as space-borne and AI technologies, to track volcanic activities. (un-spider.org)
The findings of the study allowed volcanologists to build a conceptual model of this complex volcano and determined that the chances of an explosive eruption increase when carbon dioxide emissions top 2,000 tonnes per day. (un-spider.org)
Volcanologists have made a lot of progress in forecasting the timing of many volcano eruptions since 2014 with the launch of the European Space Agency's Sentinel 1A and 1B radar satellites. (un-spider.org)
Damage from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake could hasten Mt. Aso's eruption, volcanologists warn. (phys.org)
After all, Krafla is one of the world's most closely monitored volcanic systems, so if volcanologists can't detect shallow magma there, what does that suggest about risk assessments at other volcanoes? (bigthink.com)
But for now, volcanologists still have much to learn about hidden magma pools, and their prevalence around the globe. (bigthink.com)
Volcanologists have been calling for a dedicated volcano-monitoring satellite for over twenty years," said Mani. (scienceblog.com)

Sakurajima "has a very regular flux of magma and gas, and that explains why it erupts so frequently," Fee told LiveScience's OurAmazingPlanet. (livescience.com)
That's one of the reasons why Sakurajima is a great place to go study [volcanoes], because it erupts so frequently. (livescience.com)
Magma erupts from a pocket above the incubator, say researchers. (wscience.net)

Data gathered from ice cores on the frequency of eruptions over deep time suggests there is a one-in-six chance of a magnitude seven explosion in the next one hundred years. (scienceblog.com)
Our volcanoes are world renowned , both in frequency of eruptions and volumes of material ejected. (cri.nz)

We may not know about even relatively recent eruptions due to a lack of research into marine and lake cores, particularly in neglected regions such as Southeast Asia," said Cassidy. (scienceblog.com)

A multi-component gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS) is an instrument package used to take real-time high-resolution measurements of volcanic gas plumes. (wikipedia.org)
This process explains why we find signatures of plume material at volcanoes that are not on top of plumes," says Dr. Hauff. (science20.com)
Manam's steep slopes make it incredibly dangerous to even contemplate collecting gas samples on foot whereas the drones could safely fly right into the billowing plumes, helping the research team measure its volcanic gas emissions more accurately. (sciencealert.com)
The drones flew over 2,000 metres (6,561 feet) high into Manam's highly turbulent volcanic plumes and some 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) away from their launching pad, well out of sight of their pilots. (sciencealert.com)
But so-called hot spot volcanoes, such as Hawaii's, are thought to be fed by plumes of hot rock rising from deeper within Earth. (nationalgeographic.com)

Seismic activity in southwestern Iceland decreased in size and intensity on Monday, but the risk of a volcanic eruption remained significant, authorities said. (yahoo.com)
In 2010, a series of volcanic events at Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland triggered a huge amount of air travel disruption. (yahoo.com)
The footage was shot while the Fagradalsfjall volcano erupted in Iceland in 2021. (newsweek.com)
This in turn increases the chances of larger and/or more frequent eruptions in affected regions, from Iceland to Alaska to Patagonia to Antarctica. (business-ethics.com)
As for Iceland specifically, the eruption of Mt. Ejyafjallajökull that shut down some air travel for weeks this past spring cannot be blamed on changing climate: That volcano lies under a relatively small icecap which would not exert enough pressure to affect the creation of magma. (business-ethics.com)
The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines-a much larger eruption than what occurred recently in Iceland-caused an average cooling of half a degree centigrade worldwide during the following year. (business-ethics.com)
Volcanic eruptions are not uncommon in Iceland, as the country sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates meet. (factolifestyle.com)
The most recent eruption, which occurred in 2014, lasted for several months and resulted in the closure of the airspace over Iceland, causing widespread travel disruptions. (factolifestyle.com)
Iceland has become a hotspot for geologists and researchers studying volcanic activity. (factolifestyle.com)
In recent years, Iceland has experienced a surge in tourism, partly due to its volcanic landscape. (factolifestyle.com)
Tourists planning a visit to Iceland should stay informed about the volcanic activity and follow the advice of local authorities. (factolifestyle.com)
An impending volcanic eruption in Iceland has led to a state of emergency in the town of Grindavik, home to 4,000 residents. (pubmanu.com)
Þingvellir, Iceland - There aren't many places in the world where you can walk along a "mid-ocean ridge" and still keep your feet dry. (agu.org)

Harmonic tremors are often the result of magma pushing against the overlying rock below the surface. (wikipedia.org)
Similarities between iceberg tremors, which occur when they run aground, and volcanic tremors may help experts develop a better method for predicting volcanic eruptions. (wikipedia.org)
The similarities between volcanic and iceberg tremors include long durations and amplitudes, as well as common shifts in frequencies. (wikipedia.org)
They can monitor earthquake activity in the area to detect tremors which almost always precede eruptions, and look out for bulging in the volcano's sloping walls as magma builds up underneath. (sciencealert.com)

Mani and Cassidy outline steps they say need to be taken to help forecast and manage the possibility of a planet-altering eruption, and help mitigate damage from smaller, more frequent eruptions. (scienceblog.com)
Frequent eruptions are to be expected from volcanoes like this one, where liquid water and scorching hot magma often come in contact, producing violent explosions of steam, Garvin said. (livescience.com)

So the concern in this case would be that you have a shallow rhyolitic magma that you don't know about, so it hasn't been considered in hazards planning," study author Shane Rooyakkers said in a press release published by The Geological Society of America. (bigthink.com)
Benedikt Ófeigsson said sulfur dioxide measured in the atmosphere at Grindavík is an indication that the magma lies very shallow. (yahoo.com)
The team identified three previously unidentified tremor sources, including long-period tremor during the period preceding the eruption associated with radiation from a shallow hydrothermal system on the southwest flank of Halema'uma'u Crater. (phys.org)
Experts anticipate severe damage within hours or days due to the shallow depth of magma, prompting the state of emergency. (pubmanu.com)
Their findings, published in Nature, reveal that whereas pluton placement takes millions of years, suggesting a continuous magma supply, the final re-ascent of magma to shallow magma chambers and the triggering of an eruptive event takes just a few decades. (wscience.net)

On the island, children are already required to wear hardhats on their walks to school, said David Fee, a geophysicist with the Alaska Volcano Observatory and the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Geophysical Institute, who visited the volcano in July. (livescience.com)
Alaska Volcano Observatory said nine volcanoes have been affected by the problem including Novarupta, which produced the biggest eruption of the 20th century. (newsweek.com)

The CSER experts cite recent research detecting the regularity of major eruptions by analysing traces of sulphur spikes in ancient ice samples. (scienceblog.com)

But the analysis revealed the samples to be "essentially indistinguishable" from rocks ejected by Krafla's most recent explosive eruption: a mixed hydrothermal-magmatic event that occurred in 1724. (bigthink.com)
These eruptions, the researchers say, are associated with nickel-rich magmatic intrusions - rocks formed from the cooling of magma - that contain some of the greatest deposits of nickel ore on the planet. (wattsupwiththat.com)
The authors presented a new physics-based model that uses differential equations to describe reservoir pressure and magma flux between the volcano's reservoirs to simulate potential magmatic pathways of connectivity between the reservoirs and the ERZ. (phys.org)

Take the sudden eruptions of Mount Ontake in Japan in 2014 and White Island in New Zealand in 2019. (worldcrunch.com)

Researchers studying the volcano saw that carbon dioxide levels rose tenfold over the two weeks before the eruption. (un-spider.org)
Although volcanoes emit just a fraction of the carbon emissions humans do, researchers still want to be able to estimate what carbon dioxide (CO2) they do emit, to factor this into the carbon budget we have left to limit the effects of climate change . (sciencealert.com)
The carbon station consists of models of natural carbon cycles, an oil pump, fossil-free energy sources, carbon dioxide lowering measures and an (annoying) volcano. (lu.se)
To describe the geological carbon cycle, you can imagine a carbon atom from being released from a volcano in the form of carbon dioxide. (lu.se)

A relation between long-period events and imminent volcanic eruptions was first observed in the seismic records of the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia. (wikipedia.org)
Their prediction used research that had been done by Bernard Chouet, a Swiss volcanologist who was working at the United States Geological Survey and who first observed a relation between long-period events and an imminent eruption. (wikipedia.org)
For future prognosis, Walter adds, this means that the history of birth and collapse must be included to be able to give estimates about possible eruptions or imminent collapses. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Some volcanoes normally have continuing low-level seismic activity, but an increase may signal a greater likelihood of an eruption. (wikipedia.org)
however, increasing seismic activity is a good indicator of increasing eruption risk, especially if long-period events become dominant and episodes of harmonic tremor appear. (wikipedia.org)
Multi-GAS measurements of CO2/SO2 ratios can allow detection of the pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers suspect the volcano's long string of activity is due to a steady stream of magma feeding its volcanic vents, like a constantly running underground pipe. (livescience.com)
Changes to these gas emissions can signal more activity in the volcano below. (sciencealert.com)
Is There a Link Between Volcanic Activity and Global Warming? (business-ethics.com)
New research aims to understand the activity that led to the eruption in 2018 in Kīlauea's lower East Rift Zone. (phys.org)
However, the recent seismic activity in the area has raised concerns about the possibility of a volcanic eruption. (factolifestyle.com)
It is uncertain when the spa will reopen, as it depends on the assessment of the volcanic activity. (factolifestyle.com)
Despite the potential risks, volcanic activity also brings unique opportunities for scientific research and exploration. (factolifestyle.com)
The study looked at volcanic activity between 1650 - 2009 and earthquake activity between 1700 - 2009 comparing it to sunspots records. (express.co.uk)
It revealed a terrifying correlation between reduced solar activity and the largest seismic and volcanic events in recorded history. (express.co.uk)
Researchers at Japan's Institute for Cosmic Ray Research concluded there is a link between global volcanic activity and solar activity lows. (express.co.uk)
Its massive size is a testament to the long periods of volcanic activity that have built up the volcano over thousands of years. (hawaiistar.com)
Unlike some other types of volcanoes that have explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes are known for their relatively calm and non-explosive activity. (hawaiistar.com)
This continuous, non-explosive activity is one of the reasons why shield volcanoes can grow to such large sizes. (hawaiistar.com)
Each layer represents a different period of volcanic activity, with older layers at the bottom and younger layers towards the top. (hawaiistar.com)
The Hawaiian Islands are a remarkable result of volcanic activity that has been ongoing for millions of years. (hawaiistar.com)
This volcanic activity is attributed to a deep mantle plume, or a column of hot, buoyant material rising from deep within the Earth. (hawaiistar.com)
As the Pacific plate moves slowly over the hot spot, magma rises to the surface, creating volcanic activity. (hawaiistar.com)
Research has shown that the likelihood of volcanic activity on the island resuming is linked to the height of the water level. (elementa.su)
The new finding could also be extended to volcanic activity on other islands. (elementa.su)
So climate would have an influence on volcanic activity, and climate change, as ice caps melt, could alter volcanic cycles not only on the Greek island but also in other parts of the world. (elementa.su)
If climate affects volcanic activity, the reverse is also true. (elementa.su)
This ongoing, moderate explosive activity is unique and allows for close observation of an erupting volcano. (worldcrunch.com)
Mount St. Helens is starting to rumble again in Washington with a spike in seismic activity recorded at the volcano more than four decades after its deadly eruption. (sott.net)
Volcanic eruptions indicate geological activity. (wscience.net)
Researchers measuring the ratios of sulfur isotopes in a rock sample can learn whether the sulfur was magma from deep below the surface, atmospheric sulfur dioxide or a related compound, or a product of biological activity. (astronomy.com)
When the new magma begins to rejuvenate a system of supervolcanoes, we can expect to see a massive uplift, faults, and seismic activity. (healththoroughfare.com)
Approximately eighty thousand years ago, the volcano known as 'Old Fuji', on the southern slopes of Mount Fuji, erupted, with intense volcanic activity, often accompanied by massive mud and rock flows, continuing until as recently as ten thousand years ago. (meguri-japan.com)
The present-day Mount Fuji, referred to by geologists as 'New Fuji', was formed by volcanic activity that began around one hundred thousand years ago. (meguri-japan.com)
After resting for a period of three to four thousand years, volcanic activity resumed, to form the mountain that we see today. (meguri-japan.com)
Mount Fuji's volcanic activity has continued since the beginning of recorded history, with a dozen or so confirmed eruptions occurring as recently as the mid-Edo Period (1603 - 1868). (meguri-japan.com)
Images of the first four years of the mission clearly indicate recent volcanic activity on Titan, according to two articles published this year in Geophysical Research Letters . (fapesp.br)
From images obtained between 1996 and 2001 by the spectrometer of the spacecraft Galileo, Rosaly and her team described the volcanic activity of this moon in several articles, published in scientific periodicals such as Science in 2000 and Icarus in 2004, among others. (fapesp.br)
Hawaiians are no strangers to volcanic activity. (afar.com)

A geophysicist said construction of defences should still be built despite uncertainty on when and where an eruption may occur. (yahoo.com)
These models inform our predictions of when an eruption may occur happen and how much damage it may cause. (cri.nz)
Events of this magnitude occur roughly once a decade around the world, but for this volcano an eruption of this scale is a rarity. (cnn.com)

Using a combination of satellite and surface-based surveys, researchers calculated the explosive power of the volcano based on the amount of rock that was removed during the blast from the island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai where it sits, the apparent height of the eruption cloud and several other factors. (livescience.com)
NOAA's GOES West satellite captured the explosive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano, located in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga. (livescience.com)
The Tonga volcano erupted violently on Jan. 15, several weeks after a series of smaller eruptions in late December 2021 shook the uninhabited island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai. (livescience.com)
The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano on Saturday was so large, it was a spectacle best appreciated from space . (cnn.com)

Check back for posts on the science presented at the meeting, as well as field trips to nearby volcanoes and geologic features. (agu.org)

Mount Sakurajima is one of the world's most active volcanoes , with hundreds of years of recorded eruptions. (livescience.com)
Researchers are advocating for the inclusion of the African Union (AU) in the G20, which is a forum for the world's largest economic powers to discuss and propose solutions to global issues. (pubmanu.com)

Models show that the first set was linked to the intrusion of a rock piston into the hydrothermal system and the second was linked to changes in the gas content of magma within a dike below the crater affected by a dozen collapse events. (phys.org)
The eruption from the crater at the very top of the mountain in 800 continued for a month. (meguri-japan.com)

The 2018 eruption was the largest in some 200 years, providing researchers with a plethora of new data to understand the volcano's plumbing and behavior. (phys.org)
Two new studies dig into data on volcanic tremor and deformation to better characterize the events leading up to and following the 2018 eruption. (phys.org)
The second study focused on the period following the 2018 eruption. (phys.org)
Companies such as Blue Hawaiian have changed their tour options so travelers can check out new elements of the Big Island since the 2018 eruption. (afar.com)
But from May to September 2018 , Kilauea's most destructive eruption in recorded history took place. (afar.com)
Owners of the Hale Ohu Bed and Breakfast in Volcano, twin sisters Nicole and Gabrielle Naughten, who opened their boutique property in 2017, had been on course for a successful 2018. (afar.com)
The black sand Pohoiki Beach emerged as a result of the 2018 Kilauea eruption. (afar.com)

The occurrence of long-period events were then used to predict the 1989 eruption of Mount Redoubt in Alaska and the 1993 eruption of Galeras in Colombia. (wikipedia.org)
If we can predict the timing, location, size and eruption style of a given volcano, we can predict hazards associated with it. (cri.nz)
Discovery could help predict subsequent eruptions. (elementa.su)
The results, they say, make it possible to predict when the volcanic building may once again reach a critical height, and possibly collapse again under its own weight. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Down there, The Dragon Ride introduces us to the world of volcanology before it existed scientifically. (marieclaudearnott.com)

With disruptions due to other tectonic processes, there were cracks and crevices which allowed the hot material to rise, turn into magma and then- about 60 million years ago - allowed the Marie Byrd Seamounts to grow. (science20.com)
Many volcanoes, such as those in the Pacific Ring of Fire, exist where tectonic plates meet, and the volcanoes are filled with magma generated by melting of the upper mantle. (nationalgeographic.com)
The origins and tectonic setting of this volcanic feature are uncertain, but researchers agree that this was not a product the Samoan hotspot. (si.edu)
The new model focused on the apparently unattended tectonic stress shocks on the rocky beds on which the majority of the supervolcanoes in the world are situated. (healththoroughfare.com)
Patricia Gregg, one of the new model's advocator, remarked that any kind of tectonic or geyser events in Yellowstone National Park would cause fear, obviously, but her investigation hints that the signals of catastrophic eruptions would be overwhelming and durable in comparison to ordinary seismic events or geyser eruptions. (healththoroughfare.com)

As basalt ascends toward the surface, it could potentially combine with and "mobilize" the rhyolitic magma, causing a violent eruption that offers "little warning," the researchers wrote. (bigthink.com)
Study author Toshikazu Ebisuzaki said: "Volcanoes with silica-rich and highly viscous magma tend to produce violent explosive eruptions that result in disasters in local communities and that strongly affect the global environment. (express.co.uk)
However, the explosive Jan. 15 eruption - which sent a column of steam rising halfway to space - was far more violent than a typical Surtseyan eruption, Garvin said. (livescience.com)
This has allowed for the determination that the volcano deforms in an identical manner following inflation/deflation cycles with each explosion, from the weakest to the most violent. (worldcrunch.com)
Super-eruptions are violent and endure millions of years. (wscience.net)

Recently, the volcano has once again made its voice heard strongly and in the first six months of 2021 more then 50 eruptions have been recorded, eruptive columns have risen up to nine kilo-meters above the sea level, lapilli and ashes have covered entire villages around the volcano itself. (burnmagazine.org)

The now-obliterated island formed the uppermost part of a massive underwater volcano, which rises 1.1 miles (1.8 kilometers) from the seafloor and spans 12 miles (20 km) across. (livescience.com)
As the magma pressure rises, the cold and wet rock above the magma fails and suddenly releases the pent-up pressure. (cnn.com)
Data such as the volcano's shape, whether or not it is explosive, how the magma rises to the surface and what its eruptions are like help one to understand the images of the new volcanoes found in other parts of the Solar System. (fapesp.br)

We examined the timing of 11 eruptive events that produced silica-rich magma from four volcanoes in Japan (Mt. Fuji, Mt. Usu, Myojinsho, and Satsuma-Iwo-jima) over the past 306 years (from AD 1700 to AD 2005). (express.co.uk)

Screening could catch a quarter of hip fractures before they happen 15 December 2017 Community screening for osteoporosis could prevent more than a quarter of hip fractures in older women - according to new research involving researchers from the Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol and local hospitals, and led by the University of East Anglia (UEA). (bristol.ac.uk)
Particle-free quantum communication in the lab named as one of 2017's top breakthroughs 15 December 2017 Research led by a University of Bristol quantum physicist has been highlighted as one of the top breakthroughs of 2017 by Physics World magazine. (bristol.ac.uk)
Chemical tipping point of magma determines explosive potential of volcanoes 13 December 2017 Volcanic eruptions are the most spectacular expression of the processes acting in the interior of any active planet. (bristol.ac.uk)
In Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, visitation declined by approximately one third since 2017, say officials. (afar.com)

The island volcano unleashed a pyroclastic flow, which is a superheated mix of volcanic gas, ash and debris that can race down a slope at more than 200 mph (320 km/h), according to Japan's Meteorological Agency. (livescience.com)

Certain crystals persist at 470 °C (the temperature required to sustain liquid magma) for long periods before becoming effusive magma. (wscience.net)
As it rose from the sea, layers of liquid magma filled a network of chambers beneath it. (wlrn.org)

Today, thanks to innovative technology, seismic networks are monitoring dozens of some of the most dangerous volcanoes around the world. (un-spider.org)
This means there could be dozens of dangerous volcanoes dotted the world over with the potential for extreme destruction, about which humanity has no clue. (scienceblog.com)

Garvin and his colleagues have been monitoring the Tonga volcano since 2015, when magma from the volcano pushed new land above the water's surface, connecting the islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha'apai. (livescience.com)

These oscillations are the equivalent of acoustic vibrations in a chamber, in the context of magma chambers within the volcanic dome and are known as 'B' waves. (wikipedia.org)
Specialized equipment has detected that magma has been flowing through chambers deep underground , causing the volcano to recharge. (sott.net)
In contrast to pluton-related volcanic systems, higher crust magma chambers fill quickly before an eruption. (wscience.net)

Also, ash clouds and sulfur dioxide released from volcanoes shield some sunlight from reaching the Earth and as such can have a cooling effect on the planet. (business-ethics.com)
Massive volcanic eruptions that spew sulfur-rich particles into the atmosphere can disrupt climate around the globe, leading to cooler temperatures worldwide. (agu.org)
Researchers have compiled the most comprehensive record of the distribution of sulfur isotopes on Mars. (astronomy.com)
The researchers measured the sulfur composition of 40 Mars meteorites - a much larger number than in previous analyzes. (astronomy.com)
Because meteorites are a rich source of information about martian sulfur, the researchers analyzed sulfur atoms that were incorporated in the rocks. (astronomy.com)
Volcanoes also vented sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, where it interacted with light, reacted with other molecules, and settled on the surface. (astronomy.com)
Using state-of-the-art techniques to track the sulfur isotopes in samples from the martian meteorites, the researchers were able to identify some sulfur as a product of photochemical processes in the martian atmosphere. (astronomy.com)
The sulfur was deposited on the surface and later incorporated into erupting magma that formed igneous rocks. (astronomy.com)

Interestingly enough, we found chemical signatures that are typical of plume volcanoes. (science20.com)
Computer models predicted the path of the plume, satellites beamed back images, but one researcher turned to a low-tech and inexpensive method of tracking the ash fall - cellophane sticky tape. (agu.org)
The eruption was remarkable in that it involved the simultaneous formation of a volcanic ash plume, an atmospheric shock wave and a series of tsunami waves. (cnn.com)

According to NASA, mud volcano "islands" have appeared in the Arabian Sea before, and most have washed away within a few months. (sott.net)
NASA researchers have an estimate of the power of a massive volcanic eruption that took place on Saturday near the island nation of Tonga. (wlrn.org)
The volcano behind the eruption had been the subject of study by the NASA team in the years running up to this explosive event. (wlrn.org)

The world is "woefully underprepared" for a massive volcanic eruption and the likely repercussions on global supply chains, climate and food, according to experts from the University of Cambridge's Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER). (scienceblog.com)
Looming behind is massive Mount Tarawera, the volcano whose 1886 eruption was thought to have destroyed the terraces. (whoi.edu)
That massive 19th-century eruption killed thousands and released so much ash that it cast much of the region into darkness. (wlrn.org)

Some day the volcanoes became extinct again, wind and weather eroded the cone down to sea level, and other geological processes further eroded the seamounts. (science20.com)
Today, many of these volcanoes are classed as active while some of the older ones are extinct. (cri.nz)
At GNS Science, we study extinct and active volcanoes to better understand what is happening in our dynamic landscape. (cri.nz)
Studying extinct and active volcanoes gives us insight into our volcanic past, present and future. (cri.nz)

The system was installed on Etna in 2008 and analyzed 59 eruptions in the following 8 years. (un-spider.org)
We are surprised that Aso volcano erupted after a 36 years dormant duration, as we documented in this paper that the new faults changed the spatial and mechanical dynamics of Aso volcano," says Lin. (phys.org)
It was Popocatépetl's largest eruption for a thousand years, yet no one was hurt. (wikipedia.org)
Before 1955, the volcano exploded every few hundred years, blasting in 1471, in 1779 and in 1914, for example. (livescience.com)
An eruption ten to a hundred times larger than the Tonga blast occurs once every 625 years - twice as often as had been previously thought. (scienceblog.com)
We only know locations of a handful of the 97 eruptions classed as large magnitude on the "Volcano Explosivity Index" over the last 60,000 years. (scienceblog.com)
He said that so far, the natural disaster is the biggest since the eruption in the Westman Islands 50 years ago - which erupted for six months and destroyed several hundred homes. (yahoo.com)
The time between eruptions can range from a few years to over a thousand years. (cri.nz)
Approximately 3,700 years ago Santorini was part of a much larger island, the center of Minoan culture that sat on a huge volcano that exploded. (elementa.su)
All but three of the 211 eruptions in the last 360,000 years occurred 11,000 years after a period when sea levels were at least 40 meters below their current height. (elementa.su)
The Experimental Geophysics Laboratory (Lgs) at the University of Florence, in collaboration with numerous researchers from other Italian and foreign universities , has analyzed thousands of data points collected over more than 15 years of research. (worldcrunch.com)
This seismic event, the strongest recorded in the past 70 years, took place 3 days after the eruption on Etna began. (burnmagazine.org)
The process of forming the mountain that we know today as Mount Fuji began several hundred thousand years ago with the eruptions of the Mount Hakone and Mount Komitake volcanoes. (meguri-japan.com)
It takes roughly 900-1000 years for the Hunga volcano to fill up with magma , which cools and starts to crystallize, producing large amounts of gas pressure inside the magma. (cnn.com)
If this is correct, these volcanoes would be of a sort that was also found on Earth billions of years ago," interprets the astronomer. (fapesp.br)
It shows the story of the super volcano that erupted in Indonesia some 74,000 years ago. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Some researchers claim that it would plunge the planet into a volcanic winter for several years and wipe out part of the human population. (marieclaudearnott.com)
It had been dormant for 123 years, but it's a mere blink of an eye in volcano time. (marieclaudearnott.com)
In the hole, a student describes her observations of material from an eruption 1,300 years ago. (uoregon.edu)

Volcanic eruptions conjure up images of huge fiery explosions, searing hot magma and charred, decimated landscapes. (agu.org)
Researchers can track the impacts by looking at ice cores or tree rings that record summer growth, but a different approach involves scouring through historical records to see what kind of an impact these volcanic explosions had on everyday life. (agu.org)
If the past precedent for volcanic eruptions in this kind of setting has any meaning at all," he added, "then we won't have another one of these explosions for a while. (wlrn.org)
But some are full of volcanoes, and only those who have witnessed the power of an eruption know what it feels like to feel the ground shaking and hear deafening explosions. (fapesp.br)

The exhibit Volcano Devils memorializes their life mission: to witness and understand volcanic eruptions to educate and help reduce, if not prevent volcanic disasters. (marieclaudearnott.com)

The last magnitude seven eruption was in 1815 in Indonesia," said co-author Dr Mike Cassidy, a volcano expert and visiting CSER researcher, now based at the University of Birmingham. (scienceblog.com)
Financial losses from a large magnitude eruption would be in the multi-trillions, and on a comparable scale to the pandemic, say the experts. (scienceblog.com)

Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities. (wikipedia.org)

Sea level played an important role in determining the timing of eruptions at Santorini, and probably at many other island volcanoes around the world," said the researcher leading the study, Dr. Christopher Satow of Oxford Brookes University. (elementa.su)
Because of the rising oceans at the end of the last ice age, Santorini would be approaching a fairly safe period, that is, with little risk of eruptions. (elementa.su)
There is archeological, geological, and cultural evidence to suggest that a cataclysmic volcanic eruption of Santorini volcano around 1620 BC was a major cause of the decline-if not complete destruction-of the Minoan civilization. (geogarage.com)

Understanding volcanic behavior can help to track unrest-warning signs, to forecast volcano eruptions and possible related landslides and tsunamis, and consequently to activate emergency plans in a timely manner. (un-spider.org)
To better understand and forecast such eruptions , the researchers called for improving magma-detection strategies, such as using extremely dense geophone arrays, which use soundwaves to monitor the earth for seismic events. (bigthink.com)

But Sigmundsson and Pagli found that the melting of about a tenth of Iceland's biggest icecap, Vatnajokull, over the last century caused the land to rise an inch or so per year and led to the growth of an underground mass of magma measuring a third of a cubic mile. (business-ethics.com)
Iceland's famous Blue Lagoon has been temporarily closed due to fears of a volcanic eruption. (factolifestyle.com)
The temporary closure of the Blue Lagoon is a reminder of the unpredictable nature of Iceland's volcanic landscape. (factolifestyle.com)
When Iceland's Grímsvötn volcano erupted in May 2011, ejecting 0.7 cubic kilometers (0.2 cubic miles) of ash far up into the atmosphere, most of the material headed north to the pole. (agu.org)

The 16 April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, study authors say, were a rare opportunity to study how faults form in the vicinity of volcanoes. (phys.org)
The Kumamoto earthquake enabled the researchers to do a before-and-after comparison of fault distribution in the area. (phys.org)
But whether volcanoes affect the fault rupturing following an earthquake remained unclear due to the lack of case studies. (phys.org)
Co-seismic rupturing stopped by Aso volcano during the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan" 20th October 2016 in Science . (phys.org)
Volcanic seismicity has three major forms: short-period earthquake, long-period earthquake, and harmonic tremor. (wikipedia.org)
From the beginning of the eruption to the night of the earthquake (24th to 26th) 73 minor shake were registered by the National Earthquake Institute. (burnmagazine.org)
The eruption of 864, according to records from the old Suruga Province to the south of the mountain, was accompanied by a medium-intensity earthquake. (meguri-japan.com)

Based on the previously little investigated Marie Byrd Seamounts, the researchers were able to show another example of how diverse and complex the processes are, that can cause volcanism. (science20.com)
Understanding these processes is crucial for predicting eruptions and mitigating their impact on the surrounding areas. (factolifestyle.com)

This can help detect the ascent of hot magma to the surface and expulsion of CO2-rich emissions that reportedly precede big eruptions. (sciencealert.com)

Satellites saw the Tonga eruption column rise halfway to space on Jan. 15. (livescience.com)

These fractures allow magma to rise and fuel eruptions at the surface. (elementa.su)

According to the U.S. Geological Survey , greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes make up less than one percent of those generated by human endeavors. (business-ethics.com)
At about two miles (three kilometers) offshore, the new mud volcano is probably poking up from water that's about 98 to 197 feet (30 to 60 meters) deep, said James R. Hein, a U.S. Geological Survey senior scientist in Menlo Park, California. (sott.net)
Researchers from the British Geological Survey have taken the very first comprehensive health check of a rapidly melting glacier. (agu.org)
For more information about shield volcanoes, you can visit the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website . (hawaiistar.com)
To this day, those rivers continue to transport this sediment downstream ten times greater than before the 1980 eruption, the United States Geological Survey reported. (sott.net)
But for all its explosive force, the eruption itself was actually relatively small, according to Poland, of the U.S. Geological Survey. (wlrn.org)

It's rare for such mud volcanoes to breach the water's surface, Hein added. (sott.net)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes4

Health Care1

Earth's17

Future Eruptions3

Lava23

1980 Mount1

20225

Gases22

Erupt5

Increased volcanic activity2

Past eruptions3

Explosive volcanic6

Scientists26

Molten4

Active volcano5

Volcano's eruption2

Mount Pinatubo3

Caldera12

Earthquakes13

Volcanologists8

Erupts3

Frequency of eruptions2

Recent eruptions1

Plumes5

Iceland13

Tremors4

Frequent eruptions2

Shallow5

Alaska Volcano Obs2

Major eruptions1

Magmatic3

20191

Carbon dioxide4

Imminent3

Activity36

Occur3

Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai4

Nearby volcanoes1

World's2

Crater2

20187

Predict4

Volcanology1

Tectonic5

Violent5

20211

Rises3

Silica-rich1

20174

Pyroclastic1

Liquid magma2

Dangerous volcanoes2

Hunga Tonga1

Chambers3

Sulfur8

Plume3

NASA3

Massive3

Extinct4

Years19

Explosions4

Disasters1

Magnitude2

Catastrophic1

Santorini3

Forecast2

Iceland's4

Earthquake7

Processes2

Precede1

Satellites1

Fractures1

Geological Survey6

Water's surface1