Workplace exposure levels level of exposure. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adult exposures tend to occur from inhalation of lead dust and fumes in the occupational setting or from hobbies that involve use of lead. (medscape.com)
Exposure in this group could occur through exposure to contaminated clothing, through workplace visits with spouses, and through residence proximity to factories, explained the researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
Asbestos can still be found in old building materials and some products, and today most occupational exposures occur during repair, renovation, removal, or maintenance of asbestos-containing products installed in prior eras. (msdmanuals.com)

2. Each Party shall adopt and implement in areas of existing national jurisdiction as determined by national law and actively promote at other jurisdictional levels the adoption and implementation of effective legislative, executive, administrative and/or other measures, providing for protection from exposure to tobacco smoke in indoor workplaces, public transport, indoor public places and, as appropriate, other public places. (who.int)
Tobacco-free public places means that ALL indoor workplaces and indoor public places should be smoke free. (who.int)
By creating smoking areas, the workplaces, including catering legal obligation of the Parties to ensure that and drinking establishments, indoor public places are 100% smoke free and all public buildings and is disrespected. (who.int)
Despite the plethora of data on the toxic contaminants contained in tobacco smoke and their impact on health, only recently has there been recognition that exposure to long-lived tobacco smoke components in indoor environments where smoking has taken place may result in possible adverse health consequences. (springer.com)
This paper addresses the challenge of limiting exposure to long-lived tobacco components, or THS, in indoor environments. (springer.com)
We then consider other case studies of controlling indoor environmental exposures-asbestos, lead, and radon-that provide "lessons learned" for THS. (springer.com)
State and local ordinances establish smoke-free standards for all, or for designated, indoor workplaces, indoor spaces, and outdoor public places. (thecommunityguide.org)

In 1948, the U.S. government, through the now-defunct Atomic Energy Commission, established the permissible exposure limit for beryllium at 2.0 micrograms per cubic meter of air. (allgov.com)

1978. A risk analysis of exposure to high concentrations of cold smoke. (cdc.gov)
It then summarizes the information available on secondhand-smoke concentrations and exposures before and after the implementation of smoking bans. (nationalacademies.org)
Workers with a history of asthma induced by solvent exposure should also be warned about and protected from short-term exposure to higher concentrations. (medscape.com)

Research on active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure has led to policy changes to protect individuals from the adverse health impacts of tobacco smoke. (springer.com)
The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends smoke-free policies to reduce secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness. (thecommunityguide.org)
The systematic review was conducted on behalf of the CPSTF by a team of specialists in systematic review methods, and in research, practice and policy related to reducing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure. (thecommunityguide.org)

If air monitoring results show that workers can be exposed to a time-weighted average (TWA) of 25 µg/m³ of silica dust, employers must create a written exposure control plan that describes the procedures that will be taken to minimize employee exposure. (newpig.com)

Employers are required to identify workplace hazards and take all reasonable measures to eliminate or control those hazards so thry don't injure employees. (newpig.com)
The facility's written crystalline silica exposure control plan must identify all tasks that expose workers to silica hazards and detail the procedures that will be used to protect workers from overexposure. (newpig.com)
Make sure you wear the appropriate protection for the type of eye hazards in your workplace. (aoa.org)

Use engineering controls to reduce air contamination to a permissible level. (europa.eu)
OSHA recently updated the permissible exposure limits for respirable crystalline silica. (newpig.com)
In 1971, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recognized respirable crystalline silica as a health hazard and established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for it. (newpig.com)
No, the TLV is not a regulatory limit such as OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). (lincolnelectric.com)
The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 5.0 µg/m3, remains the US exposure limit for Cr(VI) compounds enforced by OSHA. (lincolnelectric.com)
The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 200 ppm is considered an acceptable level of exposure as a time-weighted average for an 8-hour workday. (medscape.com)

1994. Workplace environmental exposure level. (cdc.gov)

Occupational exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung and gastrointestinal cancer and mesothelioma. (nj.gov)
Increased exposure increases the probability of developing respiratory symptoms during their first year of life. (wikipedia.org)
Smoking exposes your eyes to high levels of noxious chemicals and increases the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. (aoa.org)
Exercise improves blood circulation, increases oxygen levels to the eyes and helps remove toxins. (aoa.org)
The first study, published in November 2009 in the Oxford Journals' Human Reproduction, found that exposure to high levels of BPA in the workplace increases the risk of reduced sexual function in men. (sciencedaily.com)

2) The eight-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA), in decibels, may be computed from the dose, in percent, by means of the formula: TWA = 16.61 log 10 (D/100) + 90. (osha.gov)
In order to better understand the requirements of the amendment, dosimeter readings can be converted to an "8-hour time-weighted average sound level. (osha.gov)
If the dose as read on the dosimeter is less than or greater than the values found in Table A-1, the TWA may be calculated by using the formula: TWA=16.61 log 10 (D/100) + 90 where TWA = 8-hour time-weighted average sound level and D = accumulated dose in percent exposure. (osha.gov)
The higher occupational noise exposure group was defined as those individuals exposed to 8-hour time-weighted-average noise above 80 dB (A). Results: Participants' mean age was 46.3 ± 5.6 years. (bvsalud.org)

In children, elevated blood lead levels are most commonly caused by inhalation or ingestion of lead dust and chips of deteriorating lead-based paint. (medscape.com)
No recommendation given, but first aid may still be required in the case of accidental exposure, inhalation or ingestion of this chemical. (europa.eu)

All City employees, similar to other members of the public, will experience certain risks of exposure to infectious agents (e.g. exposure to seasonal influenza virus). (toronto.ca)
In higher quantities such as those found in water-damaged buildings, they can present especially hazardous health risks to humans after sufficient exposure, with three generally accepted mechanisms of harm and a fourth probable mechanism: Allergic reactions, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Invasive mold infections (mycosis) Toxicity (poisoning by mycotoxins) Innate immune dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Assessing human health risks of chemicals: derivation of guidance values for health-based exposure limits. (inchem.org)
The Task Group reviewed and revised the second draft of the criteria document and made an evaluation of the health risks from exposure to carbon monoxide. (inchem.org)
The ACGIH is a long-standing body that is comprised of professional industrial hygienists and environmental health scientists whose fundamental task is to review applicable health studies, monitor reports related to the health effects and risks of exposure to compounds encountered in the workplace, and to advise regarding safe exposure levels. (lincolnelectric.com)

Because control measures to minimize airborne silica dust are well established in the construction industry, OSHA gives construction employers the choice to either conduct air monitoring to determine if their workers are exposed to the action level of 25 µg/m³, or use the control measures listed in Table 1 , which lists common construction activities and the methods that must be used to control hazardous dust levels and minimize exposure. (newpig.com)
This chapter discusses the constituents of secondhand smoke and the measurement of exposure to secondhand smoke, beginning with measurement of airborne tracers of secondhand smoke and of its main biologic markers (or biomarkers)-the nicotine metabolite cotinine and metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). (nationalacademies.org)
Overview of Environmental and Occupational Lung Disease Environmental and occupational lung diseases result from inhalation of dusts, chemicals, gases, fumes, and other airborne exposures. (msdmanuals.com)

The rule requires employers to monitor their workplace to determine if workers are exposed to respirable crystalline silica and create a workplace exposure plan that outlines the procedures and controls that will be taken to prevent unsafe levels of exposure. (newpig.com)
They also caution that TLVs are not intended to represent fine lines between safe and unsafe exposure levels. (lincolnelectric.com)

The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
The APF supposedly reduces the level of the hazardous substance in the workplace. (ecmag.com)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether occupational noise exposure is a risk factor for insomnia among male night-shift production workers. (bvsalud.org)
Of the 623 participants, 362 (58.1%) were in the higher occupational noise exposure group. (bvsalud.org)
In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of insomnia was 3.36 (95% confidence interval 1.083-10.405, P = 0.036) in the higher occupational noise exposure group when compared with the lower noise exposure group after adjusting for confounders. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that occupational noise exposure affected insomnia in male night-shift production workers. (bvsalud.org)
To prevent insomnia, efforts are required to reduce workplace noise exposure levels. (bvsalud.org)

Ensure site procedures for material handling and storage are in place to limit environmental exposure. (europa.eu)
170) 1.Hazardous substances - toxicity 2.Environmental exposure 3.Guidelines I.Series ISBN 92 4 157170 5 (NLM Classification: WA 465) ISSN 0250-863X The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. (inchem.org)

As clearly indicated in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), tobacco-free public places aim to protect the public from exposure to secondhand smoke. (who.int)
Effective measures to provide protection from exposure to tobacco smoke, as envisioned by Article 8 of the WHO Framework Convention, require the total elimination of smoking and tobacco smoke in a particular space or environment in order to create a 100% smoke free environment. (who.int)
There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. (who.int)
Young people reported in the Global Youth Tobacco Survey that there is a high level of exposure to secondhand smoke in public places (Figure 1). (who.int)
Data generated from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Egypt show high levels of exposure to secondhand smoke in public places, including medical facilities even though a total ban on tobacco use in public places came into effect in 2007 prohibiting tobacco use within medical and educational facilities, as well as governmental buildings (Figure 2). (who.int)
Nearly three decades have also passed since the US Surgeon General and other scientific authorities concluded that exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) causes disease in nonsmokers, including lung cancer in adults [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
Upper Hutt City Council smokefree parks for exposure to tobacco smoke. (who.int)
Reducing biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (who.int)

Member States agreed in 2013 on 25 indicators across three areas which focus on the key outcomes, risk factor exposures and national health systems response needed to prevent and control NCDs. (who.int)

Read on to learn more about the timeline to implement the new lower exposure limits and the processes that will improve employee health and minimize exposure. (newpig.com)

Light exposure, activity, and sleep were measured by actigraphy in a representative subset of 21 participants - 10 in windowless workplaces and 11 in workplaces with windows. (psychologytoday.com)
The cross-sectional analysis of the baseline examination of lung function and exposure of the participants, enrolled in 2007, indicated that exposure to dust in cement production may lead to reduced dynamic lung volumes [ 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)

OSHA first proposed lowering the beryllium workplace standard in 1975 but efforts to do so were beaten back over the years by industry resistance, technical debates and political stalling," The New York Times reported. (allgov.com)

The more risk involved in a study, the higher the level of review and the more human subject protections required by the IRB. (columbia.edu)

The APF must be matched with the level of exposure the employee will experience. (ecmag.com)

These scientific conclusions have led to a broad range of policy actions and public health programs in the USA and worldwide aimed at reducing smoking prevalence and exposure to SHS in public places. (springer.com)

The level of detail required by the divisional program will be determined by the risk of exposure to infectious agents, and for some workplace environments such as health care, also by specific legislative and industry practices. (toronto.ca)
A division that identifies a risk of exposure no greater than that of the general public will require a less in-depth prevention and control program than a division that provides direct personal care or health care to its clients or that handles or processes solid or liquid materials contaminated with animal and/or human waste. (toronto.ca)
A risk assessment flow chart to assist with evaluating risk of exposure to infectious agents is included in Resource Tool Kit. (toronto.ca)

where C n indicates the total time of exposure at a specific noise level, and T n indicates the reference duration for that level as given by Table G-16a. (osha.gov)
The duration of the exposure, not just the level, may also contribute to asthma exacerbations, and should be monitored. (medscape.com)

Occupational explosive hearing loss is often caused by close exposure to blasting operations or the impact waves and strong pulse noise generated by explosions of flammable and explosive chemicals, pressure vessels, etc. in the workplace. (bvsalud.org)

As many as 21% of asthma cases may result from exposure to mold. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have shown that a correlation exists between the probability of developing asthma and increased exposure to Penicillium. (wikipedia.org)
[ 2 ] Occupational asthma has occurred in some workers exposed to toluene levels considered safe in the workplace. (medscape.com)

Where exposures are assessed to be over the TLV, many approaches can be considered in the workplace for reducing exposure levels to contaminants to levels below the TLV, including these new TLVs related to chromium compounds. (lincolnelectric.com)
The ACGIH, is a non-profit, non-governmental corporation dedicated to promoting worker health and reducing exposures to environmental health stressors in the workplace. (lincolnelectric.com)
Reducing dust levels in the factory (by improving machinery or ventilation) will help prevent byssinosis. (medlineplus.gov)

Research suggests that exposure to natural surroundings, including green spaces, may prove beneficial for children's brain development. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There is no safe level of exposure spaces for smokers breaks these standards to secondhand smoke, only a and thus is not in conformity with the FCTC full smoking ban in all enclosed guidelines. (who.int)

Research has demonstrated that glancing at greenery can also markedly boost concentration levels and productivity in college and the workplace. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In rat studies, acute and repeated toluene exposure markedly reduces metabolic function in the brain, especially the hippocampus, pons and thalamus. (medscape.com)

Inhalation of dust during cement production has been linked to airway symptoms and obstructive lung changes [ 4 , 5 ], but the lack of good prospective studies has made it difficult to establish exposure-response relationships [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has proposed lowering the safe exposure level for beryllium, a potentially harmful metal, for the first time since the Truman administration. (allgov.com)
Now, OSHA is trying again with a plan to lower the exposure level to 0.2 micrograms per cubic meter of air. (allgov.com)
Technology advancements and demands for safer work conditions prompted OSHA to update their silica exposure rule to reflect these changes. (newpig.com)
For general industry and maritime, OSHA has set an action level of 25 µg/m³ of respirable silica, averaged over an 8-hour day. (newpig.com)
This is then compared with the exposure limit set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to ensure the respirator provides adequate protection. (ecmag.com)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has determined the acceptable level of occupational exposure to toluene for people in the workplace. (medscape.com)

exposure to modifiable factors can be totally avoided or at least reduced to less harmful levels. (who.int)

Symptoms of mold exposure can include: Nasal and sinus congestion, runny nose Respiratory problems, such as wheezing and difficulty breathing, chest tightness Cough Throat irritation Sneezing / Sneezing fits Adverse respiratory health effects are associated with occupancy in buildings with moisture and mold damage. (wikipedia.org)
Infants may develop respiratory symptoms due to exposure to a specific type of fungal mold, called Penicillium. (wikipedia.org)

Increased concentration from green exposure does not stop during childhood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Individuals who glanced at the meadow scene made considerably fewer errors and exhibited superior concentration levels on the remaining half of the task than those who observed the concrete scene. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The presence of greenery increased workplace satisfaction, perceived air quality, and reported levels of concentration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When workers may be exposed to respirable crystalline silica, employers in general industry and maritime must monitor the air in the workplace to determine the concentration of silica dust in the air that workers are breathing. (newpig.com)
The third study, published in Fertility and Sterility , showed that an increasing urine BPA level was significantly associated with decreased sperm concentration, decreased total sperm count, decreased sperm vitality and decreased sperm motility. (sciencedaily.com)

The second study, published in May 2010 in the Journal of Andrology , found that increasing BPA levels in urine are associated with worsening male sexual function. (sciencedaily.com)
Due to the retrospective nature of the study, estimated exposure levels in the past, rather than maternal urine BPA level, was used to classify the exposure dosage during the index pregnancy. (sciencedaily.com)
Although researchers have demonstrated that the estimated BPA exposure was correlated with current urine BPA, it is still possible that the association between BPA exposure and birth weight was impacted due to inaccurate classification of BPA exposure categories. (sciencedaily.com)
Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and Smoking in the home: changing attitudes exposure than urine cotinine? (who.int)

The responsible agency at national level is not always well versed in the legislation, creating confusion and conflict of interest between agencies. (who.int)
Monitoring and evaluation are not always part of legislation but are important if the impact of implementation at national level is to be measured. (who.int)

We hypothesised that exposure to workplace aerosols may lead to lung function impairment among cement production workers. (ersjournals.com)
Continued exposure can lead to reduced lung function. (medlineplus.gov)

The IRB is required to assess the level of risk involved in a research study when making a determination for review requirements. (columbia.edu)
To assess exposure we chose to measure the thoracic aerosol fraction, because this fraction was considered to be the most relevant for bronchial effects [ 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Important considerations in evaluating the effects of secondhand smoke include the magnitude of exposure to it, 1 how exposure can be measured, and how exposure changes with the implementation of smoking bans. (nationalacademies.org)

Such a release does not always lead to exposure. (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Lead is a heavy metal that is present at low levels in the earth's crust but has become pervasive in the environment because of its use in products such as gasoline, paint, jewelry, water pipes, lead solder, and lead-acid batteries. (medscape.com)
Overall, the WHO estimates that lead exposure accounts for 0.6% of the global burden of disease. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Individuals with occupational exposure to lead may also expose family members by bringing lead dust into their homes on their shoes and clothing. (medscape.com)
Elevated blood lead levels in children are associated with lower IQ scores, language problems, learning disorders, attention disorders, and behavioral problems. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] Adults with chronic lead exposure may develop cognitive deficits in many domains, including memory and executive functioning. (medscape.com)
Exposure to high levels of mycotoxins can lead to neurological problems and, in some cases, death. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure at the higher levels found in this study may lead to a decline in dynamic lung volumes. (ersjournals.com)
Continued exposure can lead to end-stage lung disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Repeated exposure can lead to white matter damage (solvent vapor/toluene leukoencephalopathy), which may involve axonal damage rather than demyelination. (medscape.com)

The preparatory process that led to the third high-level meeting included the elements set out in Table 1. (who.int)
The Political Declaration of the third high-level meeting, entitled "Time to deliver: accelerating our response to address NCDs for the health and well-being of present and future generations", was accepted in the opening segment of the high-level meeting and adopted by the General Assembly on 10 October 2018. (who.int)
In adolescents, binge drinking is thought to interrupt normal brain growth in the frontal brain areas that are linked to high-level thoughts, including organization and planning. (medicalnewstoday.com)
High and continual exposure to these wavelengths can cause slow damage to the retina, which may result in problems like age-related macular degeneration later in life. (aoa.org)
Exposure to BPA has been reported to reduce birth weight in animal studies at relatively high levels of exposure. (sciencedaily.com)
Diagnosis of asbestosis is based on history of exposure to asbestos and chest imaging, such as chest x-ray or high-resolution computed tomography (CT). (msdmanuals.com)
Among them, nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly vulnerable due to the risk factors that are associated with their exposure to high levels of noise. (bvsalud.org)

Stopping exposure to the dust often improves symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)

Because of the serious health effects that exposure to asbestos can cause, the handling of asbestos-containing materials is regulated in New Jersey. (nj.gov)
The Standard applies to all occupational exposures to asbestos in general industry. (nj.gov)
Asbestosis can be prevented by minimizing exposure to asbestos. (msdmanuals.com)
caused by asbestos exposure. (msdmanuals.com)
The period between exposure to asbestos and disease presentation is usually 20 to 40 years. (msdmanuals.com)
Asbestosis appears earlier in people who have had longer and more intense exposure to asbestos. (msdmanuals.com)
Direct occupational exposure remains the predominant cause of asbestos-related disease. (msdmanuals.com)

This public health statement tells you about chlorine and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)

Exposure was associated with a reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced expiratory volume in 6 s and forced vital capacity. (ersjournals.com)
Exposure reduction is therefore warranted. (ersjournals.com)

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in its June 2006 report, 'Mold Prevention Strategies and Possible Health Effects in the Aftermath of Hurricanes and Major Floods,' that "excessive exposure to mold-contaminated materials can cause adverse health effects in susceptible persons regardless of the type of mold or the extent of contamination. (wikipedia.org)
Mold exposures have a variety of health effects depending on the person. (wikipedia.org)
In this article, we'll focus on crystalline silica exposure as amorphous silica hasn't been linked to adverse health effects. (newpig.com)
According to the ACGIH, a TLV represents the level of exposure to which nearly every worker can be exposed throughout their (8-hours per day, 40 hours per week) working career without adverse health effects. (lincolnelectric.com)

Environmental and lifestyle factors are considered by IARC and ENV to comprise potentially carcinogenic substances in any medium - including soil, water, food, and air - that expose humans in their workplace, at home, and in the general environment. (who.int)

We begin by describing THS and its exposure pathways and provide findings from limited surveys of key stakeholder groups and their approaches to addressing THS. (springer.com)

Measures are in place to minimise workplace exposure levels. (europa.eu)
ENV has steered its research focus to LMICs in particular, a direction that is consistent with the Agency's international remit and is warranted because in these settings, levels of environmental pollution are often higher and protection measures for workers and residents are less developed. (who.int)

The regulation would apply to about 35,000 workers in the U.S. whose jobs involve exposure to the metal, which is used in the manufacture of aircraft, electronics components, dental implants and nuclear weapons, among other things. (allgov.com)
A new study titled, "Impact of Workplace Daylight Exposure on Sleep, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life" concludes that there is a strong relationship between workplace daylight exposure and office workers' sleep, activity, and quality of life. (psychologytoday.com)
Compared to workers in offices without windows, those with windows in the workplace received 173 percent more white light exposure during work hours and slept an average of 46 minutes more per night. (psychologytoday.com)
The extent to which daylight exposure impacts office workers is remarkable," said study co-author Ivy Cheung, a Neuroscience doctoral candidate at Northwestern University. (psychologytoday.com)
Day-shift office workers' quality of life and sleep may be improved via emphasis on light exposure and lighting levels in current offices as well as in the design of future offices," said Cheung. (psychologytoday.com)
The study group comprised 49 day-shift office workers - 27 in windowless workplaces and 22 in workplaces with windows. (psychologytoday.com)
BPA-exposed (from the manufacturers of BPA and epoxy resin) and unexposed workers (from industries without BPA exposure), including their spouses and offspring, were recruited from 2003-2008. (sciencedaily.com)

Like most safety plans, employers may choose the methods, procedures, controls and products that they will use to prevent exposure and minimize risk. (newpig.com)

Although the finding needs to be confirmed by additional studies, the study provides preliminary evidence that maternal exposure to BPA during pregnancy may have an adverse effect on fetal growth, said De-Kun Li, MD, PhD, the principal investigator of the study, senior author of the new publication, and a reproductive and perinatal epidemiologist at the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, Calif. (sciencedaily.com)

Some City employees, based on the nature of work performed, experience higher levels of exposure risk. (toronto.ca)
Both animal and human studies have shown that BPA can pass through the placental barrier and that fetuses are likely to be exposed to similar (if not higher) levels of BPA as those of mothers, explained the researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers explained that it is possible that offspring in this group had relatively higher levels of in-utero BPA exposure than those in other groups. (sciencedaily.com)
Using azodicarbonamide at maximum allowable levels results in higher levels of urethane in bread "that pose a small risk to humans," CSPI said. (cnn.com)

This paper describes THS and addresses the challenges of limiting exposure to THS in vulnerable populations (e.g., nonsmokers and young children). (springer.com)

Develop a workplace hygiene policy . (columbia.edu)

The amount of such exposure is usually measured with an audiodosimeter which gives a readout in terms of "dose. (osha.gov)
This table applies to dosimeters that are set by the manufacturer to calculate dose or percent exposure according to the relationships in Table G-16a. (osha.gov)

The City's Infectious Disease Policy requires divisions to conduct risk assessment to determine whether employees are at risk of infectious disease exposure during the performance of their work. (toronto.ca)
Completion of the divisional risk assessment will determine the division's level of risk given the nature of work performed and the extent of the infectious disease prevention and control program required. (toronto.ca)

risk in relation to active cigarette smoking and young adults in Ukraine: a cross-sectional household exposure to secondhand cigarette study. (who.int)

Anatomy2

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes9

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Secondhand smoke exposure3

Minimize employee exposure1

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19941

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Unsafe2

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