AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Drosophila melanogasterWolbachiaGenome, InsectDrosophila ProteinsDrosophilaGenomeGenes, InsectDNA Transposable ElementsEvolution, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataX ChromosomeRetroelementsChromosome MappingBase SequenceChromosomesPhylogenyAmino Acid SequenceModels, GeneticLarvaSelection, GeneticSequence Analysis, DNADNAInsect ProteinsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedMutationHeterochromatinCrosses, GeneticGenes, LethalSymbiosisGenome, BacterialWingSpecies SpecificityGenetic VariationPupaInsect HormonesPhenotypeSequence AlignmentEmbryo, NonmammalianGenome, ViralGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalRickettsiaceae InfectionsChromosomes, InsectRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidCloning, MolecularEye ColorRickettsiaceaeFertilitySequence Homology, Amino AcidWaspsAllelesTranscription FactorsOogenesisMalpighian TubulesBiological EvolutionPhotoreceptor Cells, InvertebrateTranscription, GeneticLongevityGenome, HumanSexual Behavior, AnimalEyeEcdysoneGenome, PlantAedesComputational BiologyRecombination, GeneticReproductionBrugia malayiMultigene FamilySequence Homology, Nucleic AcidGenesDNA-Binding ProteinsMetamorphosis, BiologicalConserved SequenceEcdysteroneFat BodySex ChromosomesSex RatioArthropodsAnimal StructuresCourtshipBlastodermGenome, MitochondrialY ChromosomeIn Situ HybridizationSalivary GlandsFilarioideaBody PatterningNuclear ProteinsRestriction MappingGenetic Complementation TestRNA InterferenceTransgenesChromosome InversionMorphogenesisFlight, AnimalRNA, MessengerInsectsSense OrgansHymenopteraPolymerase Chain Reaction
EndosymbiontStrainsGenesSpeciesSimulansBacteriaPipientisGeneticsCytoplasmic incompatibilitySequenced and annotatedGenotypeGenusGenetic Reference PanelMitochondrial genomesProphageBacterialHuman genomeStrainGenomicsEvolutionProteinsMicroinjectionPopulations20172022LarvaeAedesFliesDensity2023TransinfectionGenBankAnnotationArthropodNuclearInheritanceReproductiveCellsManipulateNovel hostUnderpinningsFruitInsectTissuesModelInteractions
Endosymbiont3
  • Complete genome DNA sequence and analysis is presented for Wolbachia, the obligate alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont required for fertility and survival of the human filarial parasitic nematode Brugia malayi. (nyu.edu)
  • Genome comparison of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of B. malayi (wBm) with the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) shows that they share similar metabolic trends, although their genomes show a high degree of genome shuffling. (nyu.edu)
  • Analysis of this first sequenced endosymbiont genome from a filarial nematode provides insight into endosymbiont evolution and additionally provides new potential targets for elimination of cutaneous and lymphatic human filarial disease. (nyu.edu)
Strains7
  • for example, some strains can protect against DCV (Drosophila C virus) while other strains cannot. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drosophila simulans has also played an important role in sequencing the genomes for certain Wolbachia strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further studies can help understand how Wolbachia strains coexist with D. simulans individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studying Wolbachia strains and their mechanisms of infection can provide insight into the complex phylogenetic relationships of arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Parry, R., de Malmanche, H. & Asgari, S. (2021) Persistent Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus infection in Sf9 cells is not restricted by Wolbachia w MelPop-CLA and w AlbB strains and is targeted by the RNAi machinery. (insect-host-pathogen.org)
  • Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans rescue strains produce fit offspring, despite divergent centromere-specific histone alleles. (shengsci.com)
Genes10
  • we also considered possible nutritional effects of the Wolbachia by identifying genes related to biotin production, absorption and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Co-expression of the prophage WO genes cifA and cifB in Wolbachia can cause a CI phenotype, which can be rescued by maternal cifA expression [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both Wolbachia have lost a considerable number of membrane biogenesis genes that apparently make them unable to synthesize lipid A, the usual component of proteobacterial membranes. (nyu.edu)
  • The smaller genome size of wBm, relative to wMel, may reflect the loss of genes required for infecting host cells and avoiding host defense systems. (nyu.edu)
  • Thus the density of genes per chromosome in Drosophila is higher than the human genome. (ottsigns.com)
  • There is significant and sex-specific natural genetic variation in the transcriptional response to developmental exposure to ethanol in Drosophila that comprises networks of genes affecting nervous system development and ethanol metabolism as well as networks of regulatory non-coding RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view to find putative mitochondrial genes in alternative reading frames on both coding and "presupposed" non-coding strands, numerous complete mtDNA genomes have been analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial pathogens very often have smaller genomes and fewer genes than their nearest non-pathogenic relatives. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We investigated to what extent the cuticle inward barrier function depends on the genotype, comprising mitochondrial and nuclear genes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and investigated the contribution of interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes (mito-nuclear interactions) on this function. (peerj.com)
  • Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster , we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. (frontiersin.org)
Species18
  • Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbionts that infect nearly half of all arthropod species. (nature.com)
  • Here, we investigated, in females of both D. melanogaster and D. nigrosparsa , the gene expression between animals uninfected and infected with w Mel, using RNA sequencing to see if the two Drosophila species respond to the infection in the same or different ways. (nature.com)
  • A recent study in three black fly species in the genus Simulium found differential Wolbachia prevalence among species, suggesting host-specific interactions 16 . (nature.com)
  • Drosophila simulans is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster, belonging to the same melanogaster species subgroup. (wikipedia.org)
  • This species was discovered by the fly geneticist Alfred Sturtevant in 1919, when he noticed that the flies used in Thomas Hunt Morgan's laboratory at the Columbia University were actually two distinct species: D. melanogaster and D. simulans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wolbachia infections give insight into how certain species of Drosophila are related. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drosophila sechellia has significantly distinct mitochondrial DNA, further emphasizing the evolutionary differences between the three species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although, quantitatively, the genome is even more degraded than those of closely related Rickettsia species, Wolbachia has retained more intact metabolic pathways. (nyu.edu)
  • Drosophila (/drəˈsɒfɪlə, drɒ-, droʊ-/[1][2]) is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. (ottsigns.com)
  • The Hawaiian species of Drosophila (estimated to be more than 500, with roughly 380 species described) are sometimes recognized as a separate genus or subgenus, Idiomyia,[3][47] but this is not widely accepted. (ottsigns.com)
  • 24], The following section is based on the following Drosophila species: Drosophila serrata, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophila melanogaster, and Drosophila neotestacea. (ottsigns.com)
  • Drosophila species are small flies, typically pale yellow to reddish brown to black, with red eyes. (ottsigns.com)
  • Their tongues are shaped like … Several Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster, D. immigrans, and D. simulans, are closely associated with humans, and are often referred to as domestic species. (ottsigns.com)
  • The year was 1928 and he was studying a species of Drosophila - a fruitfly. (geneconvenevi.org)
  • We use bacterial genomes, molecular dating and information about host species to examine how bacteria adapt to the new host and the ecological context for switching. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster develop from eggs to adults in eight to ten days at 25 degrees Celsius. (asu.edu)
  • Wolbachia are maternally transmitted bacteria that are estimated to infect millions of arthropod species worldwide. (blogspot.com)
  • The i5k initiative is a transformative project that aims to sequence and analyze the genomes of 5,000 arthropod species. (usda.gov)
Simulans11
  • D. melanogaster females crossed to D. simulans males produce sterile F1 females and no F1 males. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drosophila simulans was found later to be closely related to two island endemics, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana. (wikipedia.org)
  • D. simulans are monomorphic in their pheromone profiles where both males and females largely produce the cuticular hydrocarbon pheromone 7-tricosene (7-T). The ability of males within the D. melanogaster subgroup to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific females is due in part to the differential valence of the cuticular hydrocarbon 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), which is produced by D. melanogaster and D. sechellia females. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic incompatibility causes egg and sperm cells to fail in creating viable offspring, a common feature in Wolbachia-infected D. simulans and D. mauritiana individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections of Wolbachia, a commonly infectious strain of bacteria observed in many insects such as Trichogramma and Muscidifurax uniraptor wasps, are transmitted between generations of Drosophila simulans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wolbachia has formed a symbiotic relationship with D. simulans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two separate Wolbachia infection events have occurred in the ancestors of D. simulans, suggesting the evolutionary advantage of Wolbachia infections to D. simulans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wolbachia infections have significantly decreased virus-induced mortality in D. simulans. (wikipedia.org)
  • D. simulans eggs were infected with the wRi Wolbachia strain in order to better understand how Wolbachia recombines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among Drosophila simulans inbred males, two fitness characteristics, fertility and attractiveness to females, are especially susceptible to inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we compare the behaviour of the mod - over-replicating Wolbachia popcorn strain in its native Drosophila melanogaster host to the same strain transinfected into a novel host, namely Drosophila simulans. (psu.edu)
Bacteria5
  • Wolbachia is a genus of maternally inherited intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales and is estimated to be distributed in ca. 44% of arthropods, and 66% of insects, and also shows mutualistic symbiosis in nematodes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations. (mbl.edu)
  • Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are bacteria that live within the cells of their hosts. (asu.edu)
  • The candidate will in part join a National Science Foundation project to study the genetic basis of symbioses between insects (Nasonia parasitoid wasps) and endosymbiotic bacteria (Wolbachia). (blogspot.com)
  • One of Wolbachia 's greatest weapons is the ability to poison sperm and nullify that poison in eggs, all of which enable the bacteria to spread like wildfire in arthropods and to control mosquitoes. (blogspot.com)
Pipientis1
Genetics1
  • Ashburner was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1990, his certificate of election reads: "Distinguished for his wide-ranging researches on the cytology, genetics and evolution of Drosophila melanogaster. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic incompatibility3
  • The Wolbachia strain w Mel was recently found to increase locomotor activities and possibly trigger cytoplasmic incompatibility in the transinfected fly Drosophila nigrosparsa . (nature.com)
  • The infection is maintained through a process involving cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in which Wolbachia hinders uninfected individuals from producing offspring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Estimates of Wolbachia density in the eggs, testes and whole flies of drosophilid hosts have been unable to predict the lack of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) expression in so-called mod - variants. (psu.edu)
Sequenced and annotated2
Genotype1
  • Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to study the genetic basis of the effects of developmental alcohol exposure since many individuals of the same genotype can be reared under controlled environmental conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Genus2
Genetic Reference Panel2
  • We used 96 sequenced, wild-derived inbred lines from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to profile genome-wide transcript abundances in young adult flies that developed on ethanol-supplemented medium or standard culture medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test our hypotheses, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of 100 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and used GWAS to identify loci that explain variation in thermal limits. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondrial genomes2
  • The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia formosa (Stev. (icgbio.ru)
  • Testing different combinations of mito-nuclear genotypes, we show that the inward barrier efficiency is modulated by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes independently. (peerj.com)
Prophage1
  • Evaluation was performed against manual prophage annotations in 54 bacterial genomes from Casjens, S. (2003) Molecular Microbiology, 49, 277-300. (phaster.ca)
Bacterial3
  • Consequently, the working hypothesis has been that CI expression, although related to Wolbachia density, is also governed by unknown factors that are influenced by both host and bacterial genomes. (psu.edu)
  • Using the Wolbachia Bacterial Symbiont to Teach Inquiry-Based Science: A High School Laboratory Series. (mbl.edu)
  • Weinert LA , Welch JJ (2017) Why Might Bacterial Pathogens Have Small Genomes? (cam.ac.uk)
Human genome1
  • Additionally, Ashburner made a strong case for the human genome published in Science in 2000 by Celera Genomics to be made freely available, and spoke out repeatedly against the privatization of genomic resources. (wikipedia.org)
Strain2
  • 41] The S. poulsonii strain of Drosophila neotestacea protects its host from parasitic wasps and nematodes using toxins that preferentially attack the parasites instead of the host. (ottsigns.com)
  • Objective To investigate the effects of different diets on the density of Wolbachia in the ovary, fat body, and the other tissues in female Aedes aegypti of the WB strain. (bmsw.net.cn)
Genomics1
  • Ashburner and his colleagues have received funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Medical Research Council (MRC) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for their studies on Drosophila genomics leveraging the D. melanogaster genome and its annotation. (wikipedia.org)
Evolution2
  • Discordant evolution of organellar genomes in peas (Pisum L. (icgbio.ru)
  • We are currently studying the link between reductive genome evolution and pathogenicity. (cam.ac.uk)
Proteins1
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Microinjection1
  • Our guidelines to sending stocks for microinjection work are in section 5 of our 'Drosophila Microinjection - All you need to know' page . (cam.ac.uk)
Populations2
  • This shows that K171 in D. melanogaster is likely to be fixed in worldwide populations. (ottsigns.com)
  • We sample whole genomes of global S. suis populations and use bioinformatic and laboratory approaches to test hypotheses about gene loss and pathogenicity. (cam.ac.uk)
20171
  • Takahashi, Y. (2017) Genome-wide population genetic analysis identifies evolutionary forces establishing continuous population divergence. (chiba-u.com)
20222
Larvae2
  • The amount of food consumed by Drosophila larvae can be estimated by using a Brilliant Blue dye according to a protocol by Lushchak et al. (ottsigns.com)
  • We utilized rapamycin and 3-methyladenine as an autophagy inducer and inhibitor to manipulate the autophagy which can change Wolbachia density and observed their effects on Wolbachia density in larvae and adults of O. scapulalis. (sagepub.com)
Aedes1
Flies1
  • The climbing index in GSO-treated Drosophila was significantly higher than that in the tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-treated flies. (sdbonline.org)
Density7
  • A high Wolbachia density leads to a strong male-killing effect. (sagepub.com)
  • The relative density and expression of Wolbachia, Atg8, and TOR were counted by quantitative real-time PCR. (sagepub.com)
  • We report that the relative density and expression of Wolbachia and TOR were reduced by rapamycin treatments, whereas the relative expression of Atg8 was increased in both the larval and adult treatments. (sagepub.com)
  • The 3-methyladenine treatments exhibited an opposite effect to rapamycin, precisely, relative density and expression of Wolbachia and TOR were increased and relative expression of Atg8 was decreased. (sagepub.com)
  • DNA was extracted to determine the density of Wolbachia in all tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. (bmsw.net.cn)
  • The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the density of Wolbachia under different diets and at different days of age. (bmsw.net.cn)
  • Under laboratory conditions, the mosquitoes can be fed with white sugar to increase the density of Wolbachia in the body. (bmsw.net.cn)
20231
  • Tagami, Yohsuke 2023-05-01 00:00:00 The adzuki bean borer Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker) is infected with male-killing Wolbachia, which selectively kills male offspring during the embryonic and larval development stages and allows the female offspring survive to adulthood. (sagepub.com)
Transinfection1
GenBank3
  • Table 4: Detailed evaluation results for PHAST (2011) and PHASTER (2016) run on GenBank annotated genomes. (phaster.ca)
  • Genomic Data was obtained from the public domain ( GenBank ) or downstream providers of these data, such as Ensembl (Human, Mouse, Rat), EuPathDB (Unicellular Eukaryotic Pathogens), Wormbase (C. elegans), Wormbase Parasite (Helminths), Mycobrowser (Mycobacteria), SGD (Yeast), FlyBase (Drosophila). (tdrtargets.org)
  • Scaffold 109 was identified to be a complete Wolbachia genome, and was removed from the assembly on GenBank and relocated to a separate record (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NZ_CM003641.1). (usda.gov)
Annotation2
  • A prolonged effort by his laboratory to characterise the Adh region became invaluable for validating annotation strategies when large-scale genome information became available. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Official Gene Set is an integration ([NCBI Cephus cinctus Annotation Release 101](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/annotation_euk/Cephus_cinctus/101/)) from NCBI's eukaryotic annotation pipeline v8.0 with manual annotations by the research community (done via the Apollo manual annotation software). (usda.gov)
Arthropod3
  • The i5k Workspace ( https://i5k.nal.usda.gov ) is an inclusive genome portal for any arthropod genome project that would like to make use of our resources. (usda.gov)
  • Over 50 arthropod genomes are now part of the i5k Workspace, and users are encouraged to browse the genomes that we host, and contribute to the curation of each genome. (usda.gov)
  • The National Agricultural Library has partnered with the i5k initiative to create the i5k Workspace@NAL , which serves any 'orphaned' arthropod genome project's hosting needs. (usda.gov)
Nuclear3
  • These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vertebrates, several stop codons have been found in the mt gau region, and potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this 'paternal monopolization', the maternal nuclear genome fails to participate in zygote development and offspring are paternal nuclear clones. (shengsci.com)
Inheritance1
Reproductive1
  • Wolbachia can also exert an influence on numerous processes in the host, including immune, behavioral, and metabolic processes [ 21 ], which may be related to their occupation of host cells and reproductive tissues [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
Manipulate1
  • Wolbachia manipulate their hosts to maximize their transmission, but they can also provide benefits such as nutrients and resistance against viruses to their hosts. (nature.com)
Novel host1
  • We discuss our findings also in the light of how Wolbachia survive within both the native and the novel host. (nature.com)
Underpinnings1
  • Drosophila melanogaster presents an advantageous model for studies on the genetic underpinnings associated with symptoms of developmental alcohol exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Fruit2
  • The terms "fruit fly" and "Drosophila" are often used synonymously with D. melanogaster in modern biological literature. (ottsigns.com)
  • After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
Insect1
  • Franch-Marro X, Martin N, Averof M, Casanova J. (2006) Association of tracheal placodes with leg primordia in Drosophila and implications for the origin of insect tracheal systems. (forth.gr)
Tissues1
  • Wolbachia densities in the other tissues were 0.505, 0.405, 1.012, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant ( H =6.306, P =0.043). (bmsw.net.cn)
Model2
Interactions1