In Caenorhabditis elegans , RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) are used for the small RNA-guided production of additional small RNAs 8 that are complementary to terminally modified mRNA fragments 9 . (nature.com)
Integrated mRNA and miRNA profiling data provided comprehensive gene expression information on the wild-type and multi-tepal mutant at the transcriptional level that could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of floral patterning of C. goeringii . (biomedcentral.com)
Populations1
However, observing TEI in wild populations is still in its infancy, as laboratory studies allow for more tractable systems. (cloudfront.net)
Expression3
Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. (sdbonline.org)
However, research in rapeseed is hampered because it is complicated and time-consuming for researchers to access different types of expression data. (preprints.org)
We also analyzed transcriptome data for rapeseed from 70 BioProjects in the SRA database and obtained three types of expression level data (FPKM, TPM, and read counts). (preprints.org)
Provide1
Ciliates provide a good example of this type of modification. (cloudfront.net)
Cell types3
Altogether, these new studies on transcription factors and chromatin modifiers not only shed light on the fundamental problem of neuronal identity maintenance, but also outline mechanistic principles of gene regulation that may operate in other long-lived, post-mitotic cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Only recently, the Fly Cell Atlas provided a whole transcriptomic single-cell atlas via single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of adult Drosophila including many different tissues and cell types where hemocytes were also included. (bvsalud.org)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Phenotype3
The mutant phenotype arises from aberrant formation of proacrosomal vesicles, distortion of the trans-Golgi network, and up-regulation of GOLGA2 transcripts and protein associated with acrosome dysgenesis. (nih.gov)
Thus, a clear cause-and-effect relationship is established between the inherited aberrant genotype and the risk phenotype (that is, the increased chance or certainty of presenting a disease). (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetics is cited as contributing to the risk of acquiring numerous diseases and aberrant phenotypes in human and plant populations based primarily on correlations between changes in chromatin structure and penetrance of the undesired phenotype [ 7 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice4
Here we show that spermatozoa in gene-edited mice lacking a BTBD18 targeted pachytene piRNA cluster on Chr18 have severe sperm head dysmorphology, poor motility, impaired acrosome exocytosis, zona pellucida penetration and are sterile. (nih.gov)
The mutation causes the gene to be turned on, or expressed, continuously in all cell types, producing mice that are yellow, obese, and unusually prone to developing diabetes and cancer. (nih.gov)
As it turns out, these mutant mice and the gene they have pointed to are more valuable than ever today because they offer Dolinoy and other researchers an excellent model for studying the rapidly emerging field of epigenomics. (nih.gov)
In fact, Dolinoy has discovered that exposing normal, wild-type (brown) mice to certain chemicals and dietary factors during pregnancy can switch on the Agouti gene in their developing offspring, turning their coats yellow and their health poor. (nih.gov)
Dependent2
Second, both the genetic interaction with UPS pathways and the induction of UPS impairment are largely dependent on production of a specific CGG RAN translation product, FMRpolyG. (sdbonline.org)
Generally, EVs are highly heterogeneous in nature due to the associated cargo which is dependent on their releasing cell type. (encyclopedia.pub)
Levels2
In murine adult testes, the highest levels of piRNAs are present in the pachytene stage of meiosis, but their mode of action and function remain incompletely understood. (nih.gov)
To complement the in vitro analysis, we measured hemolymph PO activity levels in wild-type flies, cSPH35, and cSPH242 RNAi lines. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
Collectively, our findings reveal central role of pachytene piRNAs in controlling spermiogenesis and male fertility. (nih.gov)
Cells4
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified different gene expression patterns in energy metabolism, protein degradation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways between the mutant and isogenic control cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of macrophage-like hemocytes to characterize these cells in tumor- compared to wild-type larvae. (bvsalud.org)
The epigenome is made up of chemical tags and proteins that can attach to the DNA and direct such actions as turning genes on or off, thereby controlling the production of proteins in particular cells. (nih.gov)
IL-33 is selectively induced in PLP139 151-immunized males and activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), cells that promote and sustain a nonpathogenic Th2 myelin-specific response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Cell type1
These tags have different patterns in each cell type, helping to explain, for example, why a kidney and a skin cell can behave so differently when they share the same DNA. (nih.gov)
Control1
Compared with the wild-type flies, only 4.4% and 18% of the control PO level (26 U/µl) was detected in the cSPH35 and cSPH242 knockdowns, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Studies1
However, recent studies demonstrate that the repeat also elicits production of a toxic polyglycine protein, FMRpolyG, via repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN)-initiated translation. (sdbonline.org)
Risk1
Clear cause-and-effect relationships are commonly established between genotype and the inherited risk of acquiring human and plant diseases and aberrant phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)