AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed Groups
CiliaPhotoreceptor Connecting CiliumAxonemeCiliary Motility DisordersKidney Diseases, CysticCentriolesKartagener SyndromePolycystic Kidney DiseasesBardet-Biedl SyndromeTRPP Cation ChannelsFlagellaEgg WhiteHedgehog ProteinsEpendymaDyneinsAxonemal DyneinsKinesinParameciumOlfactory MucosaEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupNerve Fibers, MyelinatedOlfactory Receptor NeuronsAdipose Tissue, WhiteTetrahymena pyriformisSitus InversusCentrosomeZebrafishMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMicrotubulesBody PatterningMechanotransduction, CellularSignal TransductionTubulinProtein TransportRana ridibundaAdipocytes, WhiteTetrahymenaMicroscopy, Electron
Motile ciliaNodalTornal spotRegulatePosteriorlyRespiratoryGlandularZebrafishLeftwardDynein armsNeuronsDorsalCentriolesYellowishPrimaryMicrotubuleTerminalProteinsCostalAsymmetricNasalHairsMucusHedgehogSolitaryStructuresPathwayOccurMetallicLobeMolecularFluidFunctionDefenseMechanicalStructureFunctionsCellsMarkingsVinegarBaseEarsAbsenceBlackLengthTransmission
Motile cilia7
  • A) Most motile cilia are organized with 9 microtubule doublets surrounding a core pair of doublets (9+2 configuration). (medscape.com)
  • Eukaryotic flagella have far more proteins than motile cilia and share some of their motion and control mechanisms. (risingacademy.org)
  • Motile cilia remove materials such as dirt, dust, microorganisms, and mucus using their regular undulation to ward off illness. (risingacademy.org)
  • f) Image showing basal body and axoneme of motile cilia (g) Image showing cross‐section and the 9 + 2 microtubule structure of motile cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • FIGURE 4 Confocal images of the motile cilia lining the zebrafish nasal (olfactory) pit. (xenbase.org)
  • Motile cilia (green) create a leftward flow of fluid over the cleft. (xenbase.org)
  • Note that ACE2 protein is higher in apical side than basal side, while it is not present at motile cilia. (technologynetworks.com)
Nodal2
  • Figure A is from Hirokawa N, Tanaka Y, Okada Y. Left-right determination: involvement of molecular motor KIF3, cilia, and nodal flow. (medscape.com)
  • Planar cell polarity enables posterior localization of nodal cilia and left-right axis determination during mouse and Xenopus embryogenesis. (xenbase.org)
Tornal spot1
Regulate1
  • The cilia are composed of three main sections, the axoneme which performs the sensory or movement function, the transition zone which likely contains over 100 proteins which function to anchor the cilia and regulate transport to and from the cilia , and the basal body which is a centriole that functions as a tubulin organizing center to form the cilia . (xenbase.org)
Posteriorly2
  • C) The rotatory cone of each cilium is tilted posteriorly. (medscape.com)
  • Figure B is from the United States Department of Energy Genomes to Life Program](C) The rotatory cone of each cilium is tilted posteriorly. (medscape.com)
Respiratory3
  • Short, hair-like structures called cilia (plural: cilium) are used to transport materials or complete cells, like paramecia, along the surface of cells (such as the cilia of cells lining the Fallopian tubes, which transport the ovum into the uterus, or the cilia of cells lining the respiratory system, which capture particulate matter and transport it toward the nose). (risingacademy.org)
  • For example, Grandma's chicken soup and hot tea are important and legitimate medical treatments, because they help the cilia of the nose and bronchial passages move quickly so they can defend the respiratory system against contaigons. (ent-consult.com)
  • Cilia, tiny muscular, hair-like projections on the cells that line the airway, are one of the respiratory system's defense mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)
Glandular2
  • lobes lanceolate, subacute or acute, with mixed glandular/eglandular cilia. (nzpcn.org.nz)
  • cauline not conspicuously connate basally, never forming an inflated cup, blade linear, 4-15 mm proximally, becoming shorter toward apex, 2.5-6 mm distally, sometimes slightly fleshy, apex apiculate to aristate, rarely with minute glandular cilia. (efloras.org)
Zebrafish2
  • FIGURE 2 Confocal images of wholemount zebrafish (3dpf) and Xenopus laevis (Stage 37) kidney cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • The zebrafish and Xenopus kidney are outlined in white dashed lines, and motile multiciliated cells in the kidney are pseudocolored in magenta. (xenbase.org)
Leftward2
  • Hence, the cilia make a leftward swing at the fluid surface and a rightward swing at the cellular surface. (medscape.com)
  • This leftward flow activated primary cilia (red) on the left half of the cleft resulting in the opening of polycystin calcium channels. (xenbase.org)
Dynein arms3
  • The absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoa and airway cilia of humans with the Kartagener triad (ie, situs inversus totalis , sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) was also noted by Björn Afzelius (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The dynein arms press on the neighbouring outer doublets, causing a sliding movement to happen between adjacent outer doublets, using ATP generated by mitochondria near the base of the cilium or flagellum as fuel. (risingacademy.org)
  • The absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoa and airway cilia of humans with the Kartagener triad (i.e., situs inversus totalis , sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) was also noted by Bj ö rn Afzelius (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Neurons3
  • Cilia were stained using an acetylated alpha‐tubulin antibody (Sigma T6793) which labels the neurons and cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • Kidney cilia are pseudocolored in green while neurons and epithelial cilia are pseudocolored in red. (xenbase.org)
  • Acetylated tubulin labels both the cilia and neurons. (xenbase.org)
Dorsal1
  • Previously, we showed that cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum lose their cilia in R1441C LRRK2 mutant mice (Dhekne et al. (elifesciences.org)
Centrioles1
Yellowish1
  • Shrublet c. 450�1 000 mm tall, branches virgate, greyish-white woolly, often yellowish in dry state, leafy. (lucidcentral.org)
Primary9
  • The sensory primary cilium of vertebrate photoreceptor cells houses thousands of photosensitive disk membranes that are renewed continuously throughout our lifespan. (jneurosci.org)
  • The primary cilium coordinates signalling in development, health and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have also shown the primary cilium elongates in response to IL-1β exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study tests the hypothesis that an association exists between the primary cilium and HIFs in inflammatory signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show, in articular chondrocytes, that IL-1β-induces primary cilia elongation with alterations to cilia trafficking of arl13b. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This elongation is associated with a transient increase in HIF-2α expression and accumulation in the primary cilium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition results in primary cilia elongation also associated with accumulation of HIF-2α in the ciliary base and axoneme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study indicates, for the first time, that the primary cilium regulates HIF signalling during inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The solitary primary cilium is a tubulin-based organelle constructed by the majority of cell types upon exit from the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Microtubule1
  • Cilia are microtubule -based structures that either transmit information into the cell or move fluid outside of the cell. (xenbase.org)
Terminal3
  • A region essential for this Golgi retention was also found in the C-terminal tail of P/rds and supported the cilia targeting of P/rds mediated by unconventional secretion. (jneurosci.org)
  • Forewing with irregular median fascia, narrow terminal fascia and cilia all blackish brown. (kleinevlinders.nl)
  • Forewing with irregular dark brown median fascia, blackish towards costa and with narrow dark grey terminal fascia and cilia. (kleinevlinders.nl)
Proteins1
Costal1
Asymmetric1
  • Asymmetric dimethylarginine blocks nitric oxide-mediated alcohol-stimulated cilia beating. (cdc.gov)
Nasal1
  • The pulsating action has been shown in clinical studies to improve the function of the nasal cilia, your body's most important defense against nasal infections. (ent-consult.com)
Hairs2
  • The pores of the ear canal and the cilia, which are thousands of microscopic hairs, allow the ears to self-clean. (viadmd.com)
  • This allows cilia (tiny hairs) in the airways to push it through the mouth and be coughed out. (medlineplus.gov)
Mucus3
  • Cilia propel a liquid layer of mucus that covers the airways. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cilia beat more than 1,000 times a minute, moving the mucus that lines the trachea upwards about 0.5 to 1 centimeter per minute (0.197 to 0.4 inch per minute). (msdmanuals.com)
  • alveoli are not protected by mucus and cilia-mucus is too thick and would slow movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (msdmanuals.com)
Hedgehog1
  • Hedgehog signaling requires cilia, and loss of cilia in LRRK2 mutant rodents correlates with dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling as monitored by in situ hybridization of Gli1 and Gdnf transcripts. (elifesciences.org)
Solitary1
  • In solitary cells, such as certain protozoans, cilia are utilised as a kind of propulsion (e.g. (risingacademy.org)
Structures2
Pathway4
  • Here, we provide evidence that P/rds is targeted to the cilia by an unconventional secretion pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • If unconventional secretion were to mediate the cilia trafficking of P/rds, then cooperation with the conventional secretory pathway that mediates the trafficking of rhodopsin would be required to ensure proper morphogenesis of the photoreceptive disk membranes. (jneurosci.org)
  • We also found that cilia formation of MSCs was increased in the presence of HGC27 cells, which was associated with abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • In summary, our results suggest that gastric cancer cells might cause bone damage prior to the occurrence of bone metastasis via cilia-dependent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)
Occur2
  • The genes which determine white markings impact pigment cells wherever they occur in the body, not just in the coat. (ashgi.org)
  • There s a weak white spot on the HW tornal cilia but this can occur in both amphimuta & major. (butterflycircle.com)
Metallic1
Lobe2
Molecular1
  • A-C ) Quantification of cilia abundance ( A ), molecular layer thickness ( B ), and VGLUT2 puncta ( C ) across various Controls. (elifesciences.org)
Fluid1
  • When sound vibrates the air, those vibrations travel through the ear canal and vibrate the fluid which wiggles the cilia. (ashgi.org)
Function3
  • The structure and function of cilia is shown here. (medscape.com)
  • Cilia structure, notably length, and function are inter-related, as both are largely defined by ciliary trafficking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some cases, antibiotics have been effective and have indeed saved lives, but adding the chicken soup and hot tea helps restore the body's natural defenses: by improviing the function of cilia, which prevent contaigons from entering the body, by improving the motion of disease-fighting white blood cells, which helps fight infection more effectively, and in numerous other ways. (ent-consult.com)
Defense1
  • Neutrophils One of the body's lines of defense (immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)
Mechanical2
  • These cells translate the mechanical vibration of the cilia into electrical impulses that travel the nerves to the brain. (ashgi.org)
  • An ATPase called dynein transfers the energy generated during ATP hydrolysis into the mechanical labour required to beat cilia and flagella. (risingacademy.org)
Structure1
Functions1
  • Cilium trafficking of P/rds was sustained even when the Golgi functions, including trans -Golgi-mediated conventional secretion, were inhibited by the small molecules brefeldin A, 30N12, and monensin. (jneurosci.org)
Cells2
  • The cilia connect with nerve endings through pigment cells. (ashgi.org)
  • The number of cilia on the cell surface is significantly greater (ciliated cells typically contain hundreds of cilia, whereas flagellated cells possess a single flagellum). (risingacademy.org)
Markings1
  • Dogs that are not double merles or even merle at all may have half or fully white heads or white markings on or around the ears. (ashgi.org)
Vinegar1
  • Swimmer's ear can be treated in your home by applying warm to the ear canal with a hot pad and also rinsing with white vinegar to restore the ear canal's typical ph and reduce swelling. (viadmd.com)
Base1
  • The action is biphasic, with the effective stroke causing the cilium to remain stiff and bend just at the base, and the recovery stroke causing the bend to extend to the tip. (risingacademy.org)
Ears2
  • Most double merles with white on or around the ears are deaf, usually in both ears. (ashgi.org)
  • White on or near the ears is an indicator that pigment may be lacking in the inner ear as well. (ashgi.org)
Absence2
  • In the absence of the region required for cilia targeting, P/rds was prohibited from entering the secretory pathways and was retained in the Golgi apparatus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Combine the flavored flour in my case with white chocolate (in the absence of using normal oatmeal with added sweetener or aroma) with the egg whites. (oreegano.com)
Black1
  • Escamilla also stated that full color photos taken by the space probe Clementine in 1994 give the observer an entirely different impression of the moon than the more familiar black and white photos we're used to. (openminds.tv)
Length1
  • Thus cilia length, which is altered in many physiological and pathological contexts, provides an indicator of ciliary trafficking. (biomedcentral.com)
Transmission1
  • e,f) Transmission electron microscopy showing sections through cilia . (xenbase.org)