• The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
  • We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. (dtu.dk)
  • abstract = 'BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. (ku.dk)
  • METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
  • Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. (ku.dk)
  • Indomethacin repressed beta-adrenergic induction of UCP1 expression in primary inguinal adipocytes. (ku.dk)
  • The use of PGE(2) receptor antagonists implicated EP(4) as a main PGE(2) receptor, and injection of the stable PGE(2) analog (EP(3/4) agonist) 16,16 dm PGE(2) induced UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. (ku.dk)
  • CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide evidence that induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, but not in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. (ku.dk)
  • Our results indicate that cyclooxygenase-dependent induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues is important for diet-induced thermogenesis providing support for a surprising role of COX activity in the control of energy balance and obesity development. (ku.dk)
  • The emergence in traditional white adipose tissue (WAT) depots of multilocular adipocytes that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and resemble brown adipocytes, the so called 'brite' adipocytes, could contribute to increased energy expenditure. (edu.sa)
  • This increased browning capacity was translated into the appearance of UCP1- and CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A)-positive brite adipocytes in retroperitoneal WAT. (edu.sa)
  • Brown adipocytes contain a large number of mitochondria in their cytoplasm, which express Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), a protein that stimulates the process of non-shivering thermogenesis. (news-medical.net)
  • Stress Turns on the Heat: Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and UCP1 by ROS in Adipocytes. (utah.edu)
  • However, CE did not significantly affect UCP1 expression in the adipocytes isolated from perinephric adipose tissue and epididymal adipose tissue. (edu.hk)
  • Aging studies involving animals, showed that increased expression of brown fat increases levels of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). (geresdengle.com)
  • Brown adipose tissue produces UCP1 - an important biological protein which enables mitochondrial uncoupling and reduction in damaging ROS generation. (geresdengle.com)
  • Sulforaphane - In vitro experiments showed an increase in UCP1 expression (the marker for brown adipose tissue activity), in addition to increasing glucose uptake. (geresdengle.com)
  • Avian species do not have brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lack Uncoupling Protein 1 ( UCP1 ) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate the role of RBP4 in BAT, brown adipocyte-specific human RPB4 transgenic mice (UCP1-hRBP4 mice) were generated. (snu.ac.kr)
  • The CNS also directly regulates adipocyte metabolism, as we have shown here by examining central action of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin. (jci.org)
  • FGF-21 regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue, and metabolic processes in cells of pancreatic origin (Kharitonenkov et al. (stemcell.com)
  • Specifically, we will test ACLY?s role in fat-specific and systemic carbohydrate metabolism and define the mechanisms through which ACLY regulates gene expression in white adipocytes. (grantome.com)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal organ in obesity. (nature.com)
  • Background/Objective:White-to-brown adipose tissue remodeling (browning) in response to different stimuli constitutes an active research area for obesity treatment. (edu.sa)
  • Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipocyte-Specific Deletion of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Protects From Diet-Induced Obesity Through Increased Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Biogenesis. (utah.edu)
  • Along with adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity, AD and IR, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are uncharacterized. (hhs.gov)
  • Browning is the process of increasing the number of brite cells, which helps to increase energy expenditure and reduce obesity. (edu.hk)
  • Consumption of natural and non-toxic herbal extracts that possess the browning effect is an attractive anti-obesity strategy. (edu.hk)
  • In ex vivo studies, we found that CE increased brown adipocytes markers in the subcutaneous adipocytes isolated from db/db mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. (edu.hk)
  • White adipose tissue is associated with excessive fat storage, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. (geresdengle.com)
  • Whereas, brown adipose tissue has the opposite effect - producing energy, reducing fat storage and obesity, while increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing diabetes. (geresdengle.com)
  • Adults have a predominance of white adipose tissue which correlate with America's obesity epidemic. (geresdengle.com)
  • Such changes to white adipocytes may be an effective strategy for reducing obesity and obesity related disorders (such as insulin resistance and diabetes). (geresdengle.com)
  • Andrographolide - Enhances brown adipose tissue gene activation attenuating obesity. (geresdengle.com)
  • Anthocyanins (C3G) - Anthocyanins, and in particular the anthocyanin C3G, has been shown to have beneficial effects towards obesity via brown adipose tissue. (geresdengle.com)
  • 18 F -fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is widely used as a standard method for evaluating human brown adipose tissue (BAT), a recognized therapeutic target of obesity. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • This characteristic phenomenon of brown fat attracts researchers and pharmacological industries to view brown fat as one of the potential therapeutic targets for obesity and associated metabolic disease. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Background: The acquisition of brown-adipocyte-properties by white-adipocytes (BRITE-adipocytes) is an appealing-prospect to combat obesity and type-2-diabetes-Mellitus (T2DM). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
  • In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • The proposed project will test the central hypothesis that age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 levels play a key role in white, brown and beige adipocyte development, plasticity and function, as well as in metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
  • The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)
  • Unlike white fat cells, these cells have considerable cytoplasm, with several lipid droplets scattered throughout, and are known as multilocular cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • UCP-1-expressing multilocular adipocytes, termed 'beige' or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes, can also be found interspersed among white adipocytes within SAT under conditions requiring increased heat production (e.g. chronic cold exposure). (springer.com)
  • Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes and contain multitudes of small (multilocular) lipid droplets. (news-medical.net)
  • VSTM2A plays a role in the regulation of the early stage of white and brown preadipocyte cell differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An essential role for Dicer in adipocyte differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Our laboratory is focused on (1) the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fat development in DIO in mice, and (2) to study the effect of dietary on white adipose progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation. (utah.edu)
  • Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
  • Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. (dtu.dk)
  • While recent studies have pointed towards a bidirectional relationship between signaling and metabolic pathways, the role of nutrient metabolism in modulating signaling and gene expression in adipocytes is poorly understood. (grantome.com)
  • Our previous studies implicated ACLY in regulating histone acetylation and expression of glucose metabolism genes in adipocytes, in a nutrient-dependent manner. (grantome.com)
  • ACLY deficiency results in altered gene expression patterns and lipid metabolism in both white and brown adipose tissue. (grantome.com)
  • We propose that disruption of acetyl-CoA metabolism is a feature of metabolic disease, and that by defining the roles of the key acetyl-CoA producer ACLY in adipocytes, these studies will point to new strategies to improve the metabolic health of individuals with or at risk for metabolic diseases. (grantome.com)
  • In rodents, obesogenic stimuli such as the intake of hyperlipidic diets can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity and contribute to maintaining body weight. (edu.sa)
  • The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the current study, we investigated the effect of a small molecule, sesaminol (SML) on brown fat activity and found that SML induces the thermogenic program in primary white adipocytes as well as chow diet fed mice. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Chronic central ghrelin infusion resulted in increases in the glucose utilization rate of white and brown adipose tissue without affecting skeletal muscle. (jci.org)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • This is potentially leading to adipocyte hypertrophy that in turn causes hyperglycemia due to age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 expression leading to overworked and exhausted adipocytes in P311 KOs or low P311 expressing adipocytes compared to wild types. (hhs.gov)
  • We will also explore key adipocyte cellular processes of apoptosis and autophagy/lipophagy, which may affect adipocyte turnover in the WAT of P311 KO mice, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, and thus metabolic deregulation. (hhs.gov)
  • Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. (dtu.dk)
  • WAT browning and BAT whitening) and its effect on adipocyte function and glycemic control, as P311 KO mice are hyperglycemic. (hhs.gov)
  • We will develop adipocyte-specific P311 KO conditional mice using novel CRISPR technology to evaluate the adipocyte-specific P311 roles. (hhs.gov)
  • In particular, SML treatment to mice elevated mitochondrial complex proteins and the rate of oxygen consumption in brown and white fat. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Administration of SML to high fat diet (HFD) challenged mice decreased weight gain, adiposity and cholesterol levels along with an increase of brown fat gene program in brown and white fat. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Together, our results demonstrate that SML stimulates brown adipose function and protects mice against diet-induced weight gain. (iisc.ac.in)
  • In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RBP4 is highly expressed in the liver and adipose tissues, and it has been reported that RBP4 can act as an adipokine in the white adipose tissue (WAT). (snu.ac.kr)
  • Their brown appearance results from high-density vasculature together with high mitochondrial density. (news-medical.net)
  • Mechanistically, SML repressed the myogenic gene program in C2C12 myoblasts and increased all mitochondrial marker genes as appeared in brown adipose cells. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Studies have shed light into potential molecular mechanisms in the fate determination of pre-adipocytes although the exact lineage of adipocyte is still unclear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. (springer.com)
  • CB1 antagonism may have potential in the metabolic syndrome, with effects mediated through central orexigenic mechanisms and via peripheral action on white adipose tissue (WAT). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In summary, the metabolic phenotypes of RBP4 overexpression in BAT suggest that RBP4 could be involved in the activation of the brown fat, and further study is required to understand the molecular mechanisms. (snu.ac.kr)
  • In white adipocytes, mRNA expression of various fat storage-promoting enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 was markedly increased, while that of the rate-limiting step in fat oxidation, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α, was decreased. (jci.org)
  • Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
  • There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
  • The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. (nature.com)
  • Adipocyte dysfunction (AD) is cardinal feature of metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk for developing insulin resistance (IR), DM, and hypertension. (hhs.gov)
  • White fat cells contain a single large lipid droplet surrounded by a layer of cytoplasm, and are known as unilocular. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marrow adipocytes are unilocular like white fat cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endocrine functions of white adipocytes, and other WAT-resident cells in the stromal vascular fraction, are performed by the release of a variety of adipokines (adipose-associated cytokines) which affect the functioning of the brain, liver, pancreas and immune system 9 . (nature.com)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. (springer.com)
  • In addition, white adipocytes provide insulation and contribute to endocrine function as they secrete hormones. (news-medical.net)
  • Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key homeostatic role, not only by ensuring efficient energy storage but also by its quick mobilisation (lipids) to ensure peripheral demands. (springer.com)
  • This has fuelled the therapeutic interest in the transformation of energy-storing into energy-dissipating adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
  • Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure. (dtu.dk)
  • Research indicates that fat storing white adipocytes may be altered to take on the characteristics of energy producing brown adipocytes. (geresdengle.com)
  • BMP4-mediated brown fat-like changes in white adipose tissue alter glucose and energy homeostasis. (geresdengle.com)
  • Adipocytes are key players in maintaining energy homeostasis and are classified into two different categories: white and brown adipocytes. (iisc.ac.in)
  • While white adipocytes store energy as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, brown adipocytes combust excess chemical energy and release in the form of heat through uncoupled respiration. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Findings suggest that eating late at night may disrupt this rhythm in adipocytes resulting in lower energy expenditure and weight gain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Moreover, the RBP4 overexpression in brown adipose tissue leads to a moderate improvement in glucose tolerance, and an increase in energy expenditure as well as core body temperature. (snu.ac.kr)
  • Cytokines secreted by adipocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-6, are implicated in NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • Annual incidence of Bednar tumor among blacks is 7.5 times higher than that of white patients. (medscape.com)
  • The current project will thereby establish P311 as a new player in adipocyte biology and metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
  • Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. (geresdengle.com)
  • Administration of the CAF diet, associated with higher adiposity, produced the strongest impact on the parameters studied while its withdrawal restored basal conditions.Conclusions:Acquisition of brown adipocyte features in WAT could evidence an adaptation to try to counteract increased adiposity due to the intake of HF diets. (edu.sa)
  • Exercise reduces both adipocyte size as well as marrow adipose tissue volume, as quantified by MRI or μCT imaging of bone stained with the lipid binder osmium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reintroduction of an ordinary chow diet to such animals precipitated a period of weight loss during which only mean adipocyte size returned to normal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals who become obese as adults, rather than as adolescents, have no more adipocytes than they had before. (wikipedia.org)
  • In light of this discovery, considerable interest has accumulated in assimilating the characteristics of BAT in regions of WAT (browning), particularly in obese adults. (news-medical.net)