Water masses and sea. Medical search. Frequent questions

Both SAMW and AAIW experience substantial interannual to interdecadal variability, significantly linked to the action of the Amundsen Sea low (ASL) in their formation areas. (nerc.ac.uk)
Examination of the mechanisms underpinning water mass property variability shows that SAMW characteristics are controlled predominantly by a combination of air-sea turbulent heat fluxes, cross-frontal Ekman transport of Antarctic surface waters, and the evaporation-precipitation balance in the Subantarctic zone of the southeast Pacific and Drake Passage, while AAIW properties reflect air-sea turbulent heat fluxes and sea ice formation in the Bellingshausen Sea. (nerc.ac.uk)
These data will prove to be particularly relevant to studies of the impact of climatic variability on the Mediterranean Sea. (univpm.it)
Four sediment cores from the central and northern Greenland Sea basin, a crucial area for the renewal of North Atlantic deep water, were analyzed for planktic foraminiferal fauna, planktic and benthic stable oxygen and carbon isotopes as well as ice-rafted debris to reconstruct the environmental variability in the last 23 kyr. (copernicus.org)
Variability of surface water masses of the Laptev and the East Siberian seas in August-September 2018 is studied using in situ and satellite data. (copernicus.org)
Seasonal variability of water mass distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea determined by total alkalinity and δ¹⁸O. (inrs.ca)
We examined the seasonal variability of water mass distributions in the southeastern Beaufort Sea from data collected between September 2003 and August 2004. (inrs.ca)

The onset of the Holocene interglacial was marked by an increase in the advection of Atlantic Water and a rise in sea surface temperatures (SST). (copernicus.org)
Warmer temperatures cause mass bleaching of corals. (skepticalscience.com)
However, even in a warmer world, deep ocean temperatures would still remain well below surface temperatures and there would be safe havens where cooler water upwells from the deep ocean. (skepticalscience.com)
AUSTIN (KXAN) - Sea surface temperatures have been rising steadily due, in part, to climate change. (kxan.com)
The peak in early April got its start in previous years, including 2022, which was another hot year for sea-surface temperatures. (kxan.com)
When the ocean temperatures are as warm as they are now, ice melting happens, leading to an increase in ocean levels given water expands as it heats. (kxan.com)
The south of the South Island has been in the grip of an extreme ocean heatwave this summer, with April having the hottest ever water temperatures. (rnz.co.nz)
Scientists say rising sea temperatures worldwide are causing more coral bleaching - the draining of color when the fragile animals that form reefs become stressed and spew out the algae that give coral its color and energy to build massive reef structures. (foxnews.com)
Jeff Goodell's latest contribution to the environmental cause paints an eye-opening portrait of humankind's dilemma as temperatures - and sea levels - continue to rise. (barnesandnoble.com)
Beginning in November 2015 , strong winds blowing south from Alaska began to pick up, and sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Pacific began to cool. (nasa.gov)
instead, they show how much above (red) or below (blue) water temperatures were compared to the average from 2003 to 2012. (nasa.gov)
Here we contrasted the thermal resilience (that is the ability to resist stress) of a model symbiotic cnidarian from the Red Sea (jellyfish of the genus Cassiopea ) under stable and diel oscillating temperature conditions that provide night-time reprieves from daily maximum temperatures. (frontiersin.org)
This can mainly be attributed to climate change since high sea surface temperatures are widely understood as the trigger of coral bleaching. (lu.se)

Despite its taxonomic severity, the Late Ordovician mass extinction did not produce major changes to ecosystem structures compared to other mass extinctions, nor did it lead to any particular morphological innovations. (wikipedia.org)
What we find is reefs were particularly impacted in mass extinctions, taking many millions of years to recover. (skepticalscience.com)
What caused these mass extinctions? (skepticalscience.com)
Depleting oxygen and rising hydrogen sulfide levels in the oceans may have been responsible for one of Earth's most significant mass extinctions more than 350 million years ago, a new study finds. (livescience.com)
There have been other mass extinctions presumably caused by expansions of hydrogen sulfide before, but no one has ever studied the effects of this kill mechanism so thoroughly during such a critical period of Earth's history," study co-author Alan Jay Kaufman , a geologist at the University of Maryland, said in a statement . (livescience.com)
However, the Devonian period also saw some of the most significant extinctions in Earth's history, including one of the five infamous 'mass extinction' events that led to the evolution of the flora and fauna we know today. (livescience.com)

For the first time there has been a mass bleaching of native sea sponges in Aotearoa, raising alarm about the impact climate change is having on marine ecosystems. (rnz.co.nz)
Goodell has traveled seemingly everywhere that helps illuminate this profound shift from Greenland to Venice to Norfolk, Virginia to the Netherlands to Miami and he has written a powerful call to arms that is never preachy but is a very timely reminder that we ignore how climate change is raising sea levels only at great risk to our way of life. (barnesandnoble.com)
Climate change, pollution, capture, invasive species, and the war from Ukraine have a significant impact on the environment and fish populations in the Black Sea. (mdpi.com)
Exacerbated by climate change, these storms can form faster and gain strength, and rising seas are increasing damaging flooding in our coastal communities. (ucsusa.org)
This session will consider long-term changes in the factors affecting the Okhotsk Sea ecosystem(s) and adjacent areas, especially those changes that are caused by climate change. (pices.int)
With so many waterways in the city and rising sea levels due to climate change, the risk of flooding forms an increasing concern. (outokumpu.com)
In 2018, vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and rising for example, an ad hoc national Emergency Medical Team sea levels. (who.int)
Snow, frost, water and ice - for many years researchers have studied the impact of climate change on the cryosphere, i.e. all the frozen water in the land and sea. (lu.se)

In situ data were collected during the ARKTIKA-2018 expedition and then complemented with satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), sea surface height, wind speed, and sea ice concentration. (copernicus.org)
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (March 15, 2018)-In the wake of a record four Nor'easters along the East Coast in a few short months, Governor Baker of Massachusetts today announced a plan aimed at better preparing the state and its needed infrastructure for future storms. (ucsusa.org)

Meltwater discharges from the surrounding ice sheets affected the area during the deglaciation, influencing the water mass circulation. (copernicus.org)
Salinity, total alkalinity (TA) and isotopic composition (δ18O) of seawater were used together as tracers of freshwater input, i.e., meteoric water and sea ice meltwater. (inrs.ca)

Surface gradients and mixing of the river and the sea water in the ice-free and ice-covered areas are described with a special attention to the marginal ice zone at a synoptic scale. (copernicus.org)
We suggest that the freshwater is pushed northward, close to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and under the sea ice, which is confirmed by the oxygen isotope analysis. (copernicus.org)
During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. (lu.se)

But our warming climate has contributed to this rise because the oceans have taken on a significant amount of unusual heat caused by the rise in greenhouse-gas emissions, leading to the rise in the global sea-surface temperature and that 69.98° record. (kxan.com)
Oxygen-depleted dead zones emerge in oceans every year, in places like the Gulf of Mexico and the Baltic Sea . (livescience.com)
And as the globe warms and sea levels rise , the oceans won't circulate oxygen as well, Kaufman said in the statement. (livescience.com)
Uranium is a naturally occurring, ubiquitous, heavy metal found in various chemical forms in all soils, rocks, seas and oceans. (who.int)
NOCSLA is a daily, »° sea level anomaly product covering non-coastal oceans between [60°N 60°S] and January 2011 to October 2020. (bvsalud.org)

However, the water column between 600 m and 2500 m exhibited a trend of increases in temperature and salinity at a mean rate of 0.025°/y and 0.0075/y, higher than the findings in earlier studies. (univpm.it)
60 and 26 kyr, the presence of a deep-water mass of extremely high salinity (ca. 55%) between 26 and 13 kyr, and the occurrence of anoxic bottom sediments between 12.9 and 9.6 kyr seem to have caused the extreme impoverishment. (biu.ac.il)
We used an optimum multiparameter analysis to identify the different water masses, including the Mackenzie River, sea ice melt (SIM), winter polar mixed layer (PML), upper halocline water (UHW) with core salinity of 33.1 psu (Pacific origin) and Atlantic Water. (inrs.ca)

According to a 2017 peer-reviewed, published study "When Rising Seas Hit Home" by UCS, with rates of sea level rise well within widely accepted projections by climate scientists, the general area of Boston that flooded during these four recent Nor'easters would flood at least 26 times per year in 2060 with just normal tidal fluctuations as opposed to extreme storm events. (ucsusa.org)

Some researchers have proposed the existence of a third distinct pulse of the mass extinction during the early Rhuddanian, evidenced by a negative carbon isotope excursion and a pulse of anoxia into shelf environments amidst already low background oxygen levels. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis - Sponges can survive low oxygen and warming waters. (rnz.co.nz)
In samples of organic-rich black shale, scientists found evidence for oxygen depletion and hydrogen sulfide expansion in ancient seas. (livescience.com)
The team found evidence of "anoxic events," where waters were completely depleted of oxygen, they reported in the study, published March 8 in the journal Nature . (livescience.com)
The oxygen-depleted seas were too much for Devonian marine life. (livescience.com)
Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. (lu.se)

Global temperature was 6 to 14°C warmer than present with sea levels over 300 metres higher than current levels. (skepticalscience.com)
Warmer waters lead to more evaporation, along with stronger cyclones. (kxan.com)
Warmer waters are bleaching and killing coral reefs, pushing marine species toward the poles, reducing fish populations in African lakes, research finds. (foxnews.com)

My interests cover scientific questions on silica cycling over different time scales, how the Baltic Sea functions and how to mitigate eutrophication. (lu.se)
The Baltic sea suffers from high nutrient concentrations and large areas of hypoxic water and sediment and several methods to cure this area are suggested. (lu.se)
In the Horizon 2020-funded project Baltic Gender ( www.baltic-gender.eu ), our aim was to increase the proportion of women in senior positions in marine science technology in countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. (lu.se)

Very little is known about these squid, as they live at depths of up to 2,300 feet (700m), making it much harder for scientists to ascertain why they would suddenly engage in a mass suicide. (listverse.com)
Across the globe, scientists and civilians alike are noticing rapidly rising sea levels, and higher and higher tides pushing more water directly into the places we live, from our most vibrant, historic cities to our last remaining traditional coastal villages. (barnesandnoble.com)
The workshop will bring together a team of international scientists with an interest in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent areas to review what is known, to learn of recent investigations and new knowledge, and to consider their meaning. (pices.int)
Scientists and journalists took to calling the patch of warm water "the Blob. (nasa.gov)
Filmtec, now a part of DuPont Water Solutions, which makes numerous desalination products, partnered with the researchers and funded the project because their in-house scientists found that thicker membranes were actually proving to be more permeable. (phys.org)

Although the thermal maximum was not reached simultaneously across the basin, benthic isotope data indicate that the rate of overturning circulation reached a maximum in the central Greenland Sea around 7 ka. (copernicus.org)

Nonetheless, in South China, warm-water benthic communities with complex trophic webs thrived immediately following LOME. (wikipedia.org)
Recent assessments suggest that there are about 230 million tons (mt) of benthic biota in the Okhotsk Sea, 35 mt of fishes, 3.5 mt of squids and 0.5 mt of marine mammals. (pices.int)

30% of the basin lies below sea-level. (bas.ac.uk)
A first approximation is given for the rate of iceberg calving from the tide-water basin margins. (bas.ac.uk)
The margins of Basin 5, grounded below present sea-level, are likely to be underlain by deformable sediments, but inland the nature of the substrate is unknown. (bas.ac.uk)

It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. (lu.se)
The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. (lu.se)

But Smith said interlopers could displace local species, while the warm water could also lead to outbreaks of disease in scallops, mussels, oysters and clams. (rnz.co.nz)
The American lobster ( Homarus americanus ) is one of the most economically important marine species landed in MA waters, second only to sea scallops in value. (mass.gov)

What Veron 2008 found was each mass extinction event corresponded to periods of quickly changing atmospheric CO2. (skepticalscience.com)
At the same time, a modern examination of historical atmospheric and sea ice observations from the Sea of Okhotsk suggests that there is a delicate balance of large-scale atmospheric patterns over the subarctic Pacific that is maintained via ocean-atmosphere-ice interactions in the Sea of Okhotsk-Bering Sea region. (pices.int)
In September 2015, Clifford Mass , a University of Washington atmospheric scientist, explained in his blog that El Niño generally brings lower-than-normal sea surface pressures to the eastern Pacific-the opposite of the systems that sustained the blob. (nasa.gov)

1993. Radioisotopes of thirteen elements in intertidal coastal and estuarine sediments in the Irish Sea. (cdc.gov)

These features occur at depths below 600 m, where the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) encounters the Tyrrhenian Dense Water, and mixing processes occur. (univpm.it)

During the last decade, various global glacier evolution models have been used to provide estimates on the future sea-level contribution from glaciers 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
Snow-line migration with time is mapped from digital Landsat MSS data, and mass-balance estimates are used to calculate balance velocities. (bas.ac.uk)
The SST-SSS diagram based on satellite estimates shows the possibility of investigating the surface water mass transformation at a synoptic scale and reveals the presence of river water on the shelf of the East Siberian Sea. (copernicus.org)
Estimates of the volume flux of this water from the Okhotsk to the Pacific have been constrained by new measurements. (pices.int)

As far back as the early 1980s, Iran was mining waters in the Gulf to prevent oil tankers from coming in or out of ports in the Arab part of the Gulf - Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, etc. - and it has extensive experience in trying to also menace warships," said Scott Savitz, a senior engineer at the Rand Corporation. (businessinsider.com)
At times, this patch of warm water seeped into the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the coastal waters off Washington, Oregon, and California. (nasa.gov)
After lengthy negotiations, the Bahraini government sold the site to the British Royal Air Force (RAF) for 13 000 Gulf Rupees, which included the foreshore between the camp and the sea. (who.int)

Though the canals in Gothenburg normally hold fresh water, inflows of salty sea water are not uncommon. (outokumpu.com)
A desalination membrane acts as a filter for salty water: push the water through the membrane, get clean water suitable for agriculture, energy production and even drinking. (phys.org)

The Ekman transport is calculated to better understand the pathway of surface water displacement on the shelf and beyond. (copernicus.org)

It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites. (lu.se)
Nonlinear fractional partial differential equations are highly applicable for representing a wide variety of features in engineering and research, such as shallow-water, oceanography, fluid dynamics, acoustics, plasma physics, optical fiber system, turbulence, nonlinear biological systems, and control theory. (bvsalud.org)
In beachside ocean and coastal engineering, the suggested equations are frequently used to explain the spread of shallow-water waves, depict the propagation of waves through dissipative and nonlinear media, and appears during the investigation of the flow of fluid within a dynamic system. (bvsalud.org)

Marine extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K-Pg Tr-J P-Tr Cap Late D O-S The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes known as the end-Ordovician mass extinction or the Ordovician-Silurian extinction, is the first of the "big five" major mass extinction events in Earth's history, occurring roughly 443 Mya. (wikipedia.org)
The response was mass extinction events, when many species went extinct followed by a very slow recovery. (skepticalscience.com)
Figure 1: Timeline of mass extinction events. (skepticalscience.com)
The five named vertical bars indicate mass extinction events. (skepticalscience.com)

Enhanced Landsat imagery also shows that turbid melt-water plumes of subglacial origin flow from the terminal ice cliffs, indicating that at least parts of the ice-cap margin are at the melting point. (bas.ac.uk)

The locks are in constant contact with flowing water in harsh climate conditions some 600 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. (outokumpu.com)
A mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska. (timeanddate.com)
She is currently working on a contribution to a scientific synthesis report on the water budget in the Arctic. (lu.se)

By the mid-Devonian, Earth's earliest known tetrapod Tiktaalik roseae had crawled out of the sea. (livescience.com)
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, and it contains three quarters of the atmosphere's total mass, including almost all water vapour and aerosol particles. (lu.se)

In a sense, a more consistent density throughout the membrane is more important than thickness for maximizing water production, according to Gomez. (phys.org)
Its advanced altimeter met primary objectives concerned with sea ice thickness and ice sheets. (bvsalud.org)

Hundreds of pilot whales died in Tasmanian waters in 2009. (listverse.com)

instead, the resilient ridge shut down the ocean circulation, leaving a large lens of unusually warm surface water in the northeastern Pacific. (nasa.gov)
As unusually warm surface water sloshed around for months, the grim consequences began to ricochet through the marine food web. (nasa.gov)

Cooling and a falling sea level brought on by the glaciation led to habitat loss for many organisms along the continental shelves, especially endemic taxa with restricted temperature tolerance and latitudinal range. (wikipedia.org)
Deep learning captures a nonlinear response of glaciers to air temperature and precipitation, improving the representation of extreme mass balance rates compared to linear statistical and temperature-index models. (nature.com)
Nonetheless, to represent the glacier mass balance, the vast majority of large-scale glacier evolution models relies on temperature-index models. (nature.com)
It was reported that 2023 bested 2016, the last year a global water temperature record was set. (kxan.com)
In fact, many parts of the northeastern Pacific experienced the greatest sea surface temperature anomalies in the historical record. (nasa.gov)
The maps above show sea surface temperature anomalies in the Pacific in July 2015 (top) and January 2016 (bottom). (nasa.gov)
A temperature scale in which zero is the freezing point of water and one hundred is the boiling point. (timeanddate.com)

Exceptional bottom-water conditions during the last 60 kyr caused a remarkable decrease in the abundance and diversity of this group. (biu.ac.il)

The evolution of the physical properties of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the Drake Passage region is examined on time scales down to intraseasonal, within the 1969-2009 period. (nerc.ac.uk)

As a result, a well stratified upper water column amplified the warming of the subsurface waters in the central Greenland Sea, which were fed by increased inflow of Atlantic Water from the eastern Nordic Seas. (copernicus.org)

Researchers from Penn State, The University of Texas at Austin, Iowa State University, Dow Chemical Company and DuPont Water Solutions published a key finding in understanding how membranes actually filter minerals from water, online today (Dec. 31) in Science . (phys.org)
This understanding could increase membrane efficiency by 30% to 40%, according to the researchers, resulting in more water filtered with less energy-a potential cost-saving update to current desalination processes. (phys.org)

The fossil record of the end Permian mass extinction reveals a staggering loss of life: perhaps 80-95% of all marine species went extinct. (skepticalscience.com)

Rescue teams would then transition on to disposing the carcasses at sea. (cnn.com)

These variations were a response to a complex interplay between the Atlantic and Polar water masses, the rate of sea-ice formation and melting and its effect on vertical convection intensity during times of Northern Hemisphere insolation changes. (copernicus.org)

Channeled whelk and knobbed whelk are commercially important species of large marine snails harvested in Massachusetts state waters. (mass.gov)

Chemical studies have shown that it is likely that this water is the conduit for a major flux of carbon into the deep Pacific. (pices.int)

As the Tyrrhenian Sea represents the main area of deep mixing for the waters from the eastern and western Mediterranean, systematic monitoring and quantification of changes in the Tyrrhenian intermediate and deep hydrological characteristics is critical. (univpm.it)
this water eventually enters the North Pacific Ocean through the Kurile straits as prototype North Pacific Intermediate Water. (pices.int)

Toxic poisoning is one theory, although if the water had been contaminated, more than squid alone should have been affected, and if it was something they ate, it is unlikely that so many would have been involved. (listverse.com)

The purpose of the Workshop is to provide a forum to discuss new observational, modelling, and theoretical results concerning physical, chemical, and biological (including human impacts) processes in the Okhotsk Sea, their interactions with the North Pacific, and their bio-physical linkages through all trophic levels of the Okhotsk Sea ecosystem. (pices.int)

Marine life partially rediversified during the cold period and a new cold-water ecosystem, the "Hirnantia fauna", was established. (wikipedia.org)
The afternoon of the final day will synthesize what has been learned during the workshop and to capture the main points of interest for the Okhotsk Sea chapter of the PICES North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report. (pices.int)

It has a range of uses, including water filtration, energy storage, and sound and thermal insulation. (itbusiness.ca)
Despite their use for many years, there is much we don't know about how water filtration membranes work," said Enrique Gomez, professor of chemical engineering and materials science and engineering at Penn State, who led the research. (phys.org)
In filtration membranes, it looks even, but it's not at the nanoscale, and how you control that mass distribution is really important for water-filtration performance. (phys.org)

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the Greenland Sea was dominated by cold and sea-ice bearing surface water masses. (copernicus.org)
Our data reveal that the Holocene oceanographic conditions in the Greenland Sea did not develop uniformly. (copernicus.org)

In Sammaltunturi, 565 metres above the sea level, ICOS is observing clean northern air coming from the Norwegian Barents Sea and the Northern Atlantic to set up a basis for measurements. (lu.se)

Microscopic phytoplankton thrive in cool waters, so the lack of upwelling water meant surface waters became increasingly starved of nutrients. (nasa.gov)

Reverse osmosis membranes are so widely used for cleaning water, but there's still a lot we don't know about them," Kumar said. (phys.org)

However, glacier projections under low-emission scenarios and the behaviour of flatter glaciers and ice caps are likely to be biased by mass balance models with linear sensitivities, introducing long-term biases in sea-level rise and water resources projections. (nature.com)
Sea level rise is coming. (barnesandnoble.com)
As sea levels are anticipated to rise throughout the world and threaten cities across Scandinavia and other coastal areas, solutions for upgrading floodgates and updating sea defenses are going to grow in importance. (outokumpu.com)

Co-led by Manish Kumar, associate professor in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at UT Austin, the team used multimodal electron microscopy, which combines the atomic-scale detailed imaging with techniques that reveal chemical composition, to determine that desalination membranes are inconsistent in density and mass. (phys.org)
Emission samples from iron casting molds with four types of chemical binders, furan (110009), urethane (51796), green sand with sea coal, and phenol (108952) formaldehyde (50000) resins, were collected form pouring lines at which grey iron was cast. (cdc.gov)

More detailed data on water is on another page . (simetric.co.uk)
Data for South American sea lions ( Otaria flavescens ). (cdc.gov)
In this study, we analyze data from observations conducted in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, within the framework of the VECTOR project, initiated in 2006. (univpm.it)
Both the new observations of the Sea of Okhotsk circulation, and the reanalysis of older climate data from this area, have yielded results that highlight the growing importance of the Sea of Okhotsk region in climate-related studies. (pices.int)

The ability to travel great distances relatively quickly, the increasingly unusual areas being dived, along with the delay in onset of symptoms can find a person suffering from DCS showing up in a medical setting seemingly quite far from bodies of water. (medscape.com)

Glaciological measurements from Austfonna on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, are needed as a prerequisite to mathematical modelling of ice-mass dynamics. (bas.ac.uk)

He said damage like this has never been seen in New Zealand, and there were few reports of it happening in cold waters internationally. (rnz.co.nz)
Spartan soldiers all underwent cold water swimming. (dailynewsofopenwaterswimming.com)

These sharp drops "are likely linked to a series of rapid rises in sea level" due to the melting of South Pole ice sheets during the preceding Silurian period (443.8 million to 419 million years ago), Kaufman said in the statement. (livescience.com)
The National Oceanography Centre Sea Level Anomaly (NOCSLA) gridded product is based on interpolating Geophysical Ocean Products (GOP) using weights in space and time. (bvsalud.org)
Above that, at 15-50 kilometres above sea level, we have the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer that, amongst other things, protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation). (lu.se)
The visceral form region is 1350 meters above sea level. (who.int)

The two water masses have also experienced a substantial lightening since the start of the record. (nerc.ac.uk)

In recent years, there have been a growing number of cases where a group of animals will die en-masse. (listverse.com)
360 million years ago in the Late Devonian period, the environment that had clearly nurtured reefs for at least 13 million years turned hostile and the world plunged into the second mass extinction event. (skepticalscience.com)
The end Cretaceous mass extinction 65 million years ago is famously associated with the demise of the dinosaurs. (skepticalscience.com)
The text of this votive Mass is taken from Prayer Book for Catholic Seafarers by Father C.C. Martindale, S.J. For many years the Mass was used on the Second Sunday in May which was designated, in many parts of the world as Stella Maris Sunday. (udayton.edu)
They have to withstand all possible water surges and reach a life span calculated in decades and centuries, rather than in years. (outokumpu.com)
We couldn't really say how water moves through them, so all the improvements over the last 40 years have essentially been done in the dark. (phys.org)

In the Tyrrhenian Sea, one of the main mechanisms responsible for transferring heat and salt in the deep layers is double diffusion, which is particularly active here. (univpm.it)
Conditions during this so-called "Neoglacial" cooling, however, changed after 3 ka, probably due to enhanced sea-ice expansion, which limited the deep convection. (copernicus.org)
They who sailed the sea in ships, trading on the deep water, these saw the works of the Lord and his wonders in the abyss. (udayton.edu)
The distribution of deep-water agglutinated foraminifera was determined in core material taken in the central Red Sea by the R/V Meteor, cruise 5, leg 2. (biu.ac.il)
During the last 9.6 kyr the agglutinated foraminifera gradually recolonized the deep water. (biu.ac.il)

When the permafrost disappears, this also changes water flows, which affects both geophysical conditions and people's lives. (lu.se)

Anatomy2

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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Health Care15

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Variability7

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Extinctions6

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20182

Meltwater2

Marginal3

Oceans5

Salinity3

20171

Oxygen6

Warmer3

Baltic Sea3

Scientists5

Isotope1

Benthic2

Basin3

Anoxic2

Scallops2

Atmospheric3

Sediments1

Dense Water1

Estimates4

Gulf3

Salty2

Ekman1

Shallow water3

Extinction events4

Melt1

Arctic3

Earth's2

Thickness2

Pilot whales1

Unusually warm2

Temperature7

Abundance1

Antarctic1

Atlantic Water1

Researchers2

Marine species1

Carcasses1

Polar1

Species1

Flux1

Intermediate2

Toxic1

Trophic1

Ecosystem2

Filtration3

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Metres1

Surface1

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Chemical2

Data4

Increasingly1

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Cold2

Level4

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Years6

Deep5

Flows1