Water channel of escherichia. Medical search. Frequent questions

MscL was first discovered on the surface of giant Escherichia coli spheroplasts using patch-clamp technique. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequently, the Escherichia coli MscL (Ec-MscL) gene was cloned in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
bacteria were stained green with pan-bacterial FISH probe EUB338-FITC, Enterobacterales stained orange with an Escherichia coli -specific FISH probe (data not shown), and NONEUB (nonsense EUB) probe labeled with Cy5 was used to exclude unspecific probe binding. (cdc.gov)
This research focused on the role of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater as a reservoir for spreading extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. (unair.ac.id)
Enhanced functional expression of aquaporin Z via fusion of in situcleavable leader peptides in Escherichia coli cell-free system. (ezreregister.com)
17.Rongrong Ma, Zhong Yang, Lei Huang, Xiangcheng Zhu, Lei Kai, Jin Cai, Xiaoning Wang, Zhinan Xu Construction of an efficient Escherichia coli cell-free system for in vitro expression of several kinds of proteins. (ezreregister.com)
1] "Synthesis of the heteropolysaccharide O antigen of Escherichia coli O52 requires an ABC transporter: structural and genetic evidence. (tcdb.org)
In the two sampling points high values of Escherichia coli were found. (scirp.org)
In addition, Earth life is possible outside the bounds of extreme conditions found on Earth (for example, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can tolerate levels of radiation not found naturally on present-day Earth, and Escherichia coli apparently can tolerate hydrostatic pressures greater than 10 times the pressures in the deepest ocean trenches 1 , 2 ). (nationalacademies.org)
Species-specific PCR revealed an enrichment of potentially harmful species (Escherichia coli and Eubacterium biforme), and a reduction in beneficial species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium spp. (genaxxon.com)
This study investigates the impacts of a motile bacterium Escherichia coli ( E. coli , strain ATCC 9637) on the air-water surface tension. (nsf.gov)
This study investigates the impact of motile bacterium Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) on fluid displacement patterns in a microfluidic chip. (nsf.gov)
To assess the feasibility of using interfacially driven flow devices, such as the RSD, as bioreactors, Escherichia coli growth and recombinant protein expression were analyzed in a ground-based analog of the RSD called the knife edge surface viscometer (KEV). (nsf.gov)
Rising temperatures and humid air are highly conducive to the propagation of bacteria such as escherichia coli, dysentery bacillus, salmonella and Vibrio cholerae. (chinacdc.cn)
Furthermore, taking Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis as model analytes without protein biomarker information, the feasibility of the identification and semiqualification of unknown microbes in pure or mixed samples was explored with the utilisation of original algorithms, including SIFT feature abstraction and a global information entropy combined support vector machine. (chagghana.org)
For import of iron-siderophore complexes, seven proteins in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli are essential. (mcgill.ca)
The kinetics of plasmolysis or deplasmolysis of Escherichia coli cells in suspension, in response to osmotic challenges, was analysed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. (biologic.net)
Nevertheless, extensive analysis on the model Na + /H + antiporter NhaA from Escherichia coli, has shown that residues on the cytoplasmic surface, termed the pH sensor, shifts the pH at which NhaA becomes active. (elsevierpure.com)
Nevertheless, extensive analysis on the model Na+/H+ antiporter NhaA from Escherichia coli, has shown that residues on the cytoplasmic surface, termed the pH sensor, shifts the pH at which NhaA becomes active. (elsevierpure.com)
PATH has led the discovery and development of iOWH032, a new chemical entity with the potential to be the first synthetic drug of its kind designed to reduce fluid loss from secretory diarrhea, which is most commonly caused by rotavirus, cholera, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli bacteria transmitted through poor sanitation and contaminated water in developing countries. (defeatdd.org)
Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations are reduced by up to 90%, and almost all Escherichia coli bacteria is removed. (start.org)
Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) using agar well diffusion method by measuring the clear zone of inhibition diameter in (mm). (ung.si)
Experiment A evaluated the presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio spp. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
In tests on three different strains of Escherichia coli and on Staphylococcus aureus the device detected the serotype and pathogenic status of cells simultaneously in as little as 30 minutes. (chemistryworld.com)
In particular, more common soil bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella, and listeria can cause major health problems, even hospitalization. (horizonservice.net)
E. coli is a widely accepted collection, inspecting the physical condition of, and taking water indicator organism for samples from, five wells and fifteen standpipes in Brookfields and in assessing contamination of Wilberforce, and from the public water company that supplies piped drinking water and is the only true fecal coliform water to Freetown. (who.int)

Therefore, properly treating wastewater from poultry production or farms before disposing into the drainage channel or water bodies is highly recommended to avoid spreading ESBL-producing organisms from animal waste products to humans and their environment. (unair.ac.id)
In order to maintain water abundance and quality, it is necessary that adequate wastewater treatment and analytical techniques allowing for sensitive and fast-response detection of water hazards are in place. (ung.si)
therefore, traces of pharmaceuticals have repeatedly been reported in surface waters, groundwater, wastewater effluents, and even drinking water. (ung.si)
Relatedly, antibiotic resistance has become a major public health concern with the presence of resistant organisms in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water being well documented and of concern. (who.int)

There can be many sources of contamination of our water systems. (cdc.gov)
Arsenic (As) contamination of water, and the resulting arsenic poisoning that seriously affects large groups of people, is an acute problem in many countries. (lidsen.com)
Such portable systems would also be useful in monitoring water and food supplies for contamination,' adds Mathies. (chemistryworld.com)

Le présent article examine ces facteurs, en s'attachant plus particulièrement au sérotype nouvellement identifié de Vibrio cholerae qui a provoqué des épidémies en Inde et au Bangladesh. (who.int)
For example, in warm and humid regions, where water is available as a transmitting medium, Vibrio cholerae may proliferate rapidly to the level of an infective dose. (who.int)

For instance, diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and bacterial dysentery will break out when the sources of drinking water become contaminated by feces and vomitus of intestinal infectious disease patients and pathogen carriers. (chinacdc.cn)
Availability of safe drinking water coupled with improved sanitation facilities are essential to prevent water borne diseases (cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A etc. (who.int)

In 2017 the Western Cape government established the Water Hub as a research and innovation site for the purpose of demonstrating new technologies and techniques in water treatment. (start.org)
This paper describes the results of a study that was done by the USGS to assess recent (2017) water availability, forecast long-term trends in water availability, assess changes in water availability, and forecast future water availability in the Trinity River Basin in Texas. (usgs.gov)
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), analyzed streamflow trends and streamflow-related variables through 2017 in seven important water-supply basins to provide information that can help water managers with the USACE and river authorities make future water management decisions. (usgs.gov)

Large conductance mechanosensitive ion channels (MscLs) (TC# 1.A.22) are a family of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating stresses at the cell membrane into an electrophysiological response. (wikipedia.org)
MscL has a relatively large conductance, 3 nS, making it permeable to ions, water, and small proteins when opened. (wikipedia.org)
A refined model of water and CO2 membrane diffusion: Effects and contribution of sterols and proteins. (ezreregister.com)
In most studies, the channel properties of MIP proteins have been determined by using Xenopus oocyte swelling assays or stopped-flow spectrophotometry on proteoliposomes. (biologic.net)
During this evolutionary process, the experimental basis of the current (multiple) views on proteins have adapted to and exploited the unique physi- protein hydration, with an emphasis on the dynamic cal properties of liquid water (Eisenberg & Kauzmann aspects. (lu.se)
To make proteins, such as binding, recognition and catalysis, often progress, it is therefore helpful to adopt a sceptical atti- involve specific interactions with individual water mol- tude. (lu.se)

Kids in poor communities ingest dangerous pathogens every day due to unsafe drinking water and limited sanitation and hygiene. (defeatdd.org)

When bacteria is under osmotic downshock, which is during the transition from media of high osmolarity to low, water inflow gives rise to a substantial increase in the turgor pressure, which is capable of bursting the cell envelope. (wikipedia.org)

Some can make your water taste better, while others can remove harmful chemicals or germs. (cdc.gov)
Most people can still rely on safe drinking water from city systems, and with even aging pipes, it's unlikely that water contains harmful levels of heavy metals and chemicals. (horizonservice.net)

Although bacterial and archaeal mechanosensitive channels differ in conductive and mechanosensitive properties, they share similar gating mechanisms triggered by mechanical force transmitted via the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
D) Overlay of the DAPI and fluorescein isothiocyanate channel shows the biofilm with different bacterial morphotypes. (cdc.gov)
Different planes of the z-stack in the green channel (pan-bacterial probe) of the identical microscopic field depicts the different claws embracing the biofilm (D1 and D2). (cdc.gov)

Nowadays, 80% of the diseases are attributed to the unsafe of drinking water in poverty stricken areas. (scirp.org)
The fact from the United Nations that in 2015, about 663 million people worldwide did not have access to an improved drinking water source, does not resemble the reality wherein more than 1.8 billion people worldwide were consuming water which is unsafe for drinking. (researchgate.net)
billion people worldwide were consuming water which is unsafe for drinking. (researchgate.net)

The first project began by changing the old drying beds into large biofiltration cells that were designed to polish and clean 100 000 litres of water each week to irrigation water quality standards. (start.org)

Meanwhile, informal settlements remain as woefully under-serviced residential environments with poorly maintained water and sanitation services, and the absence of any formal stormwater drainage channels for disposing unwanted water. (start.org)

The structure also indicates a water-supplying channel for substrate hydrolysis. (rcsb.org)
Our work highlights a unique, channel-like switch prior to substrate translocation in a secondary-active transporter. (elsevierpure.com)
The PCR chamber and CE channels are etched onto one glass substrate while a second contains a resistance-temperature detector and heater. (chemistryworld.com)

On the different sampling points, bathing and washing clothes were observed and could constitute the source of pollution of drinking water. (scirp.org)
It is essential to carry out total health risk assessment in the safety management of drinking water quality. (scirp.org)
Through the health risk degree assessment of drinking water source, the comprehensive conclusion of water source quality, which is represented by the risk degree of health hazard, can be got directly. (scirp.org)
Where does my drinking water come from? (cdc.gov)
The United States has one of the safest and most reliable drinking water systems in the world. (cdc.gov)
The drinking water that is supplied to our homes comes from either a surface water or ground water source. (cdc.gov)
How is my drinking water regulated? (cdc.gov)
In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act . (cdc.gov)
This law sought to protect the nation's public drinking water supply by giving EPA authority to set the standards for drinking water quality and oversee the states, localities, and water suppliers who implement those standards. (cdc.gov)
How do germs and chemicals get into my drinking water? (cdc.gov)
How do I remove the parasite Cryptosporidium from my drinking water? (cdc.gov)
The sources of drinking water are more likely to become polluted because of rich rainfall in the season. (chinacdc.cn)
Nanofiltration, with the ability to reject several trace organic compounds, heavy metals and viruses at a lower energy demand than reverse osmosis, has found application for the production of high quality drinking water in developed nations. (researchgate.net)
This study briefly reviewed the efficacy of nanofiltration for drinking water production considering various types of pollutants. (researchgate.net)
Series of experiments were conducted using a pilot-scale nanofiltration unit, to assess the potential for drinking water production, from ground water, in a developing country like Ghana and to estimate the associated costs. (researchgate.net)
The concept of micro-enterprise based on a pilot-scale nanofiltration system was found to be suitable for producing adequate quantity of safe drinking water (at a reasonable cost of less than €0.01 per litre) for a village in a developing country. (researchgate.net)
Offering safe and economic drinking water with a possibility for small margins and employment opportunities aiming for poverty alleviation, its operation was found to be economical and sustainable. (researchgate.net)
Even small amounts of lead in children's drinking water causes behavioral and learning problems, inhibits normal growth, and lowers IQ. (horizonservice.net)
Arsenic can enter drinking water through cracked pipes in contaminated soil. (horizonservice.net)
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites also live in the soil and may get into drinking water through cracked pipes. (horizonservice.net)

Gene disruption experiments confirmed that either MscL or MscS channels can rescue bacteria from a strong osmotic shock, while a double knockout of both channels lead to lysis. (wikipedia.org)

Mechanosensitive channels are major pathways for the release of cytoplasmic solutes to achieve a rapid reduction of the turgor pressure, therefore avoiding lysis. (wikipedia.org)
Although MscL and MscS share similar transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain, the overall arrangements of the polypeptide folds in these MS channels are distinct, indicating that they do not share a common evolutionary ancestor. (wikipedia.org)

Herein, through a combination of several innovative strategies, including pure water isotachophoresis integrated (2 + 1)D electrophoresis, inversion-funnel peak stacking channel geometry and COMSOL computer-aided fluid simulation, high-resolution whole protein 2D native microfluidic chip electrophoresis was achieved within less than 1 min. (chagghana.org)
12. We hypothesize that memory fluid stored in memory channels is relatively viscous (jelly-like) and uniform in bulk composition but is conformationally dynamic at the nano level. (biologicalsemiconductor.com)

The wild type CFTR gene encodes a chloride channel that regulates ion and water transport across epithelial cell membranes. (genaxxon.com)
Transport of water and small neutral solutes across plasma membranes is facilitated by AQP (aquaporin) and aquaglyceroporin channels, which belong to the MIP (major intrinsic protein) family. (biologic.net)

Aeration - Passing air through a solid or liquid, especially a process promoting breakdown or movement of contaminants in soil or water by exposing them to air. (ca.gov)
Owners of private wells and other individual water systems are responsible for ensuring that their water is safe from contaminants. (cdc.gov)
Owners of private wells are responsible for ensuring that their well water is safe from contaminants. (cdc.gov)
Contaminants in our water can lead to health issues, including gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and neurological disorders. (cdc.gov)
EPA makes sure that water meets certain standards, so you can be sure that high levels of contaminants are not in your water. (cdc.gov)
Your annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) is another way to find out about the water quality in your area, and find information regarding contaminants, possible health effects, and the water's source. (cdc.gov)
But in some cities, the water travels from treatment plants to homes through an aging system of pipes, picking up water contaminants along the way. (horizonservice.net)

It forms a homopentameric channel with ten transmembrane spanners. (wikipedia.org)
Combining both Ec-MscL molecular model and Tb-MscL crystal structure, it is clear that M1 helices in the core of the transmembrane bundle make up the main gate of the mechanosensitive channel. (wikipedia.org)
With ATP bound, the transporter forms a large transmembrane channel with openings toward the membrane and periplasm. (tcdb.org)
By targeting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels in the cells that line the intestines, iOWH032 directly inhibits diarrheal secretion and aims to shorten the duration and severity of dehydration. (defeatdd.org)

This bacteria produces two toxins, one of which opens an electrolyte channel in the cells of the gut. (healthygutclub.net)

Aqueous - (a) Of, relating to, or resembling water (b) Water-based. (ca.gov)
Cross-linking studies suggest that the H + channel consists of a and c subunits where the external aqueous access channel is located to the inside of the a-subunit 4-helix bundle ( Schwem and Fillingame, 2006 ). (tcdb.org)

3 Thus, the current search for extraterrestrial life is focused on planets and moons that have or have had liquid water, that have a history of geological and geophysical properties that favor the synthesis of organic compounds and their polymerization, and that provide the energy sources and nutrients needed to sustain life. (nationalacademies.org)

Action Level - A concentration established by environmental protection agencies for a substance in a particular medium (water, soil, etc.) that may present a health risk or affect beneficial uses when exceeded. (ca.gov)

Never, throughout human history, have pressures on water resources been greater than they are today. (mdpi.com)

The infection is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces. (msdmanuals.com)

The high mobility of hydration water ensures that all thermally activated processes at the protein-water interface, such as binding, recognition and catalysis, can proceed at high rates. (lu.se)

Anti-degradation - That portion of federal water quality requirements prohibiting deterioration where pollution levels are above the legal limit. (ca.gov)

Cryptosporidium can be removed from water by filtering through a reverse osmosis filter, an "absolute one micron" filter, or a filter certified to remove Cryptosporidium under NSF International Standard #53 for either "cyst removal" or "cyst reduction. (cdc.gov)

Water mains are designed to last about 50 years, but the estimated national average age of water infrastructure in 2020 was 45 years. (horizonservice.net)

In the present study, we show that Gla(Llac) loses its ability to transport glycerol but retains its ability to transport water when Val(223) was replaced by a histidine, the residue at the equivalent position in strict AQPs. (biologic.net)

The main objectives are to understand and evaluate the water quantity and quality in order to provide water of appropriate quality to various water users. (scirp.org)
The quality of river water and spring was identified in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological parameters. (scirp.org)
Results revealed that the quality of water obtained from sampling points is generally good to use for different domestic purposes except the Idanta River and Rwembwe borehole, which need an appropriate treatment before use. (scirp.org)
Since water quality and quantity remain a major challenge in rural areas, the government should provide safe water to the population around Mikeno sector after treatment using suitable techniques. (scirp.org)
What type of health issues can be related to water quality? (cdc.gov)
How do I filter water at my home if I am concerned about water quality? (cdc.gov)
When water quality standards have not been met, your public water system must alert and notify customers if there is a risk to their health. (cdc.gov)
Articles will be considered that address all aspects of integrated and multidisciplinary water resources research, including (but not limited to) water quality, climate, ecohydrology, modeling, water economics, human dimensions of water, water governance, and stakeholder engagement. (mdpi.com)
Water quality and flow are measured by using real-time sensors and loggers and transmitted via the internet to a database. (start.org)
Steve Weisberg is Executive Director of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority (SCCWRP), a research consortium formed by 14 California water quality agencies to ensure a solid scientific foundation for their management activities. (sccwrp.org)
He serves on the Governing Board and scientific advisory committees for several other organizations involved with development and adoption of new technologies, including the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, the California Ocean Protection Council Science Advisory Team, the California Water Quality Monitoring Council, the California Sea Grant Advisory Team, the NOAA Science Advisory Board and the EPA's Board of Scientific Counselors. (sccwrp.org)
Water security and quality are a global issue of concern, which have recently become alarming due to the growth of the human population, industrialisation and expanded agricultural activities. (ung.si)
Biologically active compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products can have major adverse effects on aquatic organisms, and are therefore one of the biggest threats in water quality. (ung.si)
Moreover, conventional analytical techniques currently used in water quality control are, although highly selective and sensitive, time-extensive, with throughput of merely 2 to 3 samples per hour, excluding the time for sample preparation. (ung.si)

Adjudication - A determination of water rights for an entire stream or ground water basin. (ca.gov)

The water quantity was assessed by the measurement of runoff or discharge at specific river cross sections using floating method for surface water and bucket and stopwatch method for springs and boreholes. (scirp.org)
Contaminated runoff from informal settlements in South Africa poses an immediate public health risk to residents living in compact urban spaces, but the impact is evident in the receiving waters further downstream. (start.org)
Surface water runoff from informal settlements is a mix of grey- and blackwater and is often accompanied by solid waste. (start.org)

Aquifer - Any underground formation that stores, transmits and yields water to wells and springs. (ca.gov)
We get ground water by drilling wells and pumping it to the surface. (cdc.gov)
EPA regulations that protect public water systems do not apply to privately owned wells or other individual water systems. (cdc.gov)
As a biocide, acrolein is intentionally released into the environment as an herbicide and algicide to control the growth of aquatic plants in irrigation waters, drainage ditches, and processing waters, and as a microbiocide in the control of sulfide producing bacteria and the removal of hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide from oil production and injection wells. (cdc.gov)

Also, inadequate amounts of water for basic hygiene can contribute to poor hygiene practices, which in turn can lead to skin and eye diseases, and act as a key factor in the transmission of many diarrheal diseases. (scirp.org)
We assessed water and hand hygiene resource availability and observed hand hygiene practice by staff or patrons. (cdc.gov)
Inadequate hygiene after defecation may spread S. Typhi to community food or water supplies. (msdmanuals.com)

Water travels to your tap from a surface water or ground water source through your local water utility or through an individual water system, such as a private well. (cdc.gov)

Diarrhea is a disruption in the normal movement of water and electrolytes in the gut. (healthygutclub.net)
In just the same way, the electrolytes move water inside the body or can expel it into the gut as happens in diarrhea. (healthygutclub.net)
Drugs for diarrhea will be important additions to an integrated approach that includes greater access to safe water, new and improved vaccines, oral rehydration therapy with zinc supplementation, and nutrition. (defeatdd.org)

Assimilative Capacity - The capacity of a natural body of water to receive (a) wastewaters, without deleterious effects, (b) toxic materials, without damage to aquatic life or humans who consume the water, (c) BOD, within prescribed dissolved oxygen limits. (ca.gov)

Recent oxygen-17 magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) experiments have shown that the vast majority of water molecules in the protein hydration layer suffer a mere twofold dynamic retardation compared with bulk water. (lu.se)

Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS) - Thirty-four locations along California coast and offshore islands that the State Water Board has officially designated as having unique biological value and/or fragility. (ca.gov)

7. We believe that water, characteristic of a hydrogel, is the major component of memory polymers. (biologicalsemiconductor.com)

In endemic areas where sanitary measures are generally inadequate, S. Typhi is transmitted more frequently by water than by food. (msdmanuals.com)

Electrolytes move via small channels or by tiny protein pumps in the gut cells. (healthygutclub.net)

Water is essential for human existence, and its importance for individual health and the well-being of a nation cannot be underestimated. (scirp.org)

In Idanta and Kamira Rivers animals used water for drinking while also people use this water for domestic and drinking. (scirp.org)
Every year, millions of people living in the United States get their tap water from a public community water system. (cdc.gov)
Infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems may be at increased risk for becoming sick after drinking contaminated water. (cdc.gov)
People can get intestinal infectious diseases through water, food, contact and flies. (chinacdc.cn)
Most people don't think twice about enjoying a cool drink of water from the tap. (horizonservice.net)

Ultraviolet light treatment of water is not effective against Cryptosporidium at normally used levels. (cdc.gov)
The challenge will be addressed by integrating the Food-Energy-Water-Waste nexus that will focus attention on resource recovery, reuse and production of market goods that will unlock opportunities for the urban poor in cooperative business enterprises in food and energy production, technologies and the treatment and reuse of waste materials. (start.org)
Conventional (waste)water treatment technologies often fail to adequately remove all of the water hazards detailed above. (ung.si)

How do I know that the water in my home is safe to drink? (cdc.gov)
EPA is responsible for making sure that public water supplies within the United States are safe. (cdc.gov)
Here's what you need to know about possible water impurities and what you can do to keep your family safe. (horizonservice.net)

There are many diseases common to tropical climates that are linked to water transmission. (who.int)

North Texans saw the results of water pipe breakage in the extreme winter weather of 2021. (horizonservice.net)

There will be a water table in an unconfined aquifer. (ca.gov)
Artesian Well - A well in which the water rises above the top of the aquifer, whether or not it flows out at the land surface. (ca.gov)

It has been shown that the S1 segment can be heavily mutated without a strong detrimental effect on channel function. (wikipedia.org)

What we now refer to as a pH gate, triggers a conformational change that enables water and Na + to access the ion-binding site, as supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. (elsevierpure.com)
The organism enters the body via the gastrointestinal tract and gains access to the bloodstream via the lymphatic channels. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms23

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care5

Coli26

Wastewater4

Contamination3

Vibrio2

Cholera2

20173

Proteins6

Pathogens1

Cell envelope1

Harmful2

Bacterial3

Unsafe3

Irrigation water1

Sanitation1

Substrate3

Drinking Water20

Osmotic1

Cytoplasmic2

Fluid2

Membranes2

Contaminants7

Transmembrane4

Toxins1

Aqueous2

Synthesis1

Soil1

Pressures1

Feces1

High1

Pollution1

Reverse osmosis1

20201

Glycerol1

Quality14

Basin1

Runoff3

Wells4

Hygiene3

Surface water1

Diarrhea3

Aquatic1

Molecules1

California1

Major1

Inadequate1

Cells1

Essential1

People5

Treatment3

Safe3

Diseases1

20211

Aquifer2

Shown1

Access2