Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. (wikipedia.org)
Every permutation of fluorine, chlorine and hydrogen based on methane and ethane has been examined and most have been commercialized. (wikipedia.org)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4−m and C2ClmF6−m, where m is nonzero. (wikipedia.org)
Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CClmFnH4−m−n and C2ClxFyH6−x−y, where m, n, x, and y are nonzero. (wikipedia.org)
We are not only talking about petroleum VOC's (volatile organic compounds) and the dispersant chemicals found in COREXIT and the hovering methane gas concentrations. (marketoracle.co.uk)
Further important atmospheric constituents are aerosols, which impact air quality and cloud formation, and volatile organic compounds. (copernicus.org)
Derivatives of ethylene, a simple organic gas of biological origin with many industrial and biological use. (lookformedical.com)
The heightened environmental consciousness of recent years has resulted in a campaign to reduce VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds) in inks. (garcelonhouse.org)
And, as part of our Green Business Certification, we at Greenerprinter adhere to practices that minimize the release Volatile Organic Compounds from inks into the atmosphere. (garcelonhouse.org)
Here, we use an eight-year record (2005-2012) of formaldehyde measurements from space to constrain the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this region. (nature.com)
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban atmosphere. (fortunejournals.com)
The ozone formation was closely related to the anthropogenic volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) that were originated from vehicle exhaust, industrial emission, petroleum and its products, coal and biomass burning [3]. (fortunejournals.com)
Propane1
They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases (such as methane and propane ), liquids (such as hexane and benzene ), low melting solids (such as paraffin wax and naphthalene ) or polymers (such as polyethylene and polystyrene ). (wikipedia.org)
Rumen3
Because of their natural characteristics as compared to chemical additives, phytonutrients condensed tannins (CTs) and saponins (SPs) are important ruminant feed additives, in particular for use as a CH 4 mitigation strategy and to improve the rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although plant derivatives have shown promise in reducing enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants in short-term studies, investigation on possible rumen microbial adaptation to these compounds is still limited. (annexpublishers.co)
The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of mixed rumen microbial adaptation to antimethanogenic plant derivatives over relatively long-term in vitro incubation. (annexpublishers.co)
Molecule2
When a chlorine atom collides with a methane molecule, it can abstract a hydrogen atom to form HCl and a CH 3 radical. (purdue.edu)
Although they reduce CH 4 production in vitro , their incorporation also reduces volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, hence would be deleterious to animals if these effects are sustained in vivo [ 3 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
Chlorine2
Because the fluorine and chlorine atoms differ greatly in size and effective charge from hydrogen and from each other, the methane-derived CFCs deviate from perfect tetrahedral symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
Our house stocks contain the highest possible percentages of recycled content and sustainably harvested papers, processed without the use of chlorine or chlorine derivatives (bleaching without chlorine or chlorine compounds results in a much less polluting paper making process). (garcelonhouse.org)
Alkanes2
In general, they are volatile but less so than their parent alkanes. (wikipedia.org)
Methane is part of a homologous series known as the alkanes , which contain single bonds only. (wikipedia.org)
Flammable2
The CFCs are far less flammable than methane, in part because they contain fewer C-H bonds and in part because, in the case of the chlorides and bromides, the released halides quench the free radicals that sustain flames. (wikipedia.org)
Toluene is volatile, readily producing flammable and toxic concentrations at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
Hydrogen2
Freon-12, for example, indicates a methane derivative (only two numbers) containing two fluorine atoms (the second 2) and no hydrogen (1-1=0). (wikipedia.org)
Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are intermediary degradation products during anaerobic digestion (AD) that are subsequently converted to methanogenic substrates, such as hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and acetic acid (CH 3 COOH). (mdpi.com)
Chloroform2
Illustrative is the synthesis of chlorodifluoromethane from chloroform: HCCl3 + 2 HF → HCF2Cl + 2 HCl Brominated derivatives are generated by free-radical reactions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, replacing C-H bonds with C-Br bonds. (wikipedia.org)
An example is the conversion of methane to chloroform using a chlorination reaction . (wikipedia.org)
Petroleum1
In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
Gases1
Most anthropogenic (human-generated) emissions of greenhouse gases are either carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels , or methane released from the handling of natural gas or from agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
Greenhouse1
Livestock production, particularly ruminant production, contributes significant amounts of methane (CH 4 ), a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential at least 20 times that of carbon dioxide [ 1 ], into the atmosphere. (annexpublishers.co)
Ozone1
While the EC method has also been used to measure other atmospheric constituents including methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone, the often relatively small fluxes of these constituents over ecosystems are much more challenging to measure using eddy covariance than CO 2 and water vapor fluxes. (copernicus.org)
Risky2
7, and a higher participation in risky products such as derivatives 61% versus 47% relative to later adopters unreported results. (bmtaxis.co.uk)
Its steady burn also makes it safer than its volatile cousin, gasoline, which would be immensely risky to store near a home or business due to its tendency to explode. (smarttouchenergy.com)
Compounds1
More particularly, the compounds of this invention are directed to 3,6-bis-basic keto-acenaphthene derivatives useful as antiviral agents. (justia.com)
Natural gas2
Rather, it is a derivative of the fuel we call natural gas, although the "natural" in this word is also a bit misleading. (smarttouchenergy.com)
Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
0.05) the acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio and methane (CH 4 ) production. (frontiersin.org)
Formation1
Applying the Steady State Approximation for the intermediate species CH3g and CH3COg, the rate law for the formation of methane and the order of reaction are found. (bmtaxis.co.uk)
Common1
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a group of common metabolites with a potential of universal infochemicals dedicated to transferring of information between higher organisms and bacteria either from microbiome or external environment. (preprints.org)
an artificial dye, consisting of certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline. (freedictionary.org)
Synthesis1
Illustrative is the synthesis of chlorodifluoromethane from chloroform: HCCl3 + 2 HF → HCF2Cl + 2 HCl Brominated derivatives are generated by free-radical reactions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, replacing C-H bonds with C-Br bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Bis (indolyl) methane derivatives were efficiently synthesized by the condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes and indole in presence of nickel chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst in PEG-400 as a recyclable green solvent at room temperature. (ajrconline.org)
Chemical2
Hydrocarbons and their derivatives have different physical and chemical properties. (chemistryscl.com)
In this method, volatile fraction of extracts in pyrolysis is assumed to represent whole constituents of the extracts. (steelscienceportal.jp)
Times1
Paper that's carted away to the landfill decomposes and ultimately emits methane gas, which traps up to 25 times more heat than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. (garcelonhouse.org)