• Intracranial tumors, vascular insults, and demyelinating diseases cause nucleus ambiguus paralysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tumors at the base of the skull and trauma to the neck cause vagus paralysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Paralysis caused by brain tumors may regress after surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. (thehealthside.com)
  • Tumors (both cancerous and non-cancerous) can grow around nerves and squeeze them, resulting in varying degrees of paresis or paralysis. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Teratomas are unusual tumors occurring with a reported incidence of one in 30,000 live births (1). (paedcro.com)
  • These familial tumors tend to occur earlier than their sporadic counterparts, with a peak prevalence of 30-35 years of age [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Many of the symptoms are not specific to vocal cord dysfunction and can resemble a number of conditions that affect the upper and lower airway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doctors evaluated her airway, and soon after, she was diagnosed with bilateral vocal cord paralysis , a condition in which the vocal cords cannot move. (chop.edu)
  • The paralysis left her airway completely blocked. (chop.edu)
  • Although some respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea, occur only during sleep, virtually all respiratory disorders-including upper airway obstruction, central hypoventilation, and chronic lung disease-are worse during sleep than wakefulness. (atsjournals.org)
  • In unilateral paralysis, the voice may be hoarse and breathy, but the airway is usually not obstructed because the normal cord abducts sufficiently. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Vocal cord paralysis , or vocal cord paresis, describes an impairment in the ability to control the movement of the vocal cords, resulting in changes in the voice and airway problems (e.g., dyspnea, dysphonia). (ckbhospital.com)
  • Both paresis and paralysis of voice box muscles result in voice changes and may also result in airway problems and swallowing difficulties. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Life-threatening airway obstruction occurred in 8 infants (38%) in the early postnatal period. (paedcro.com)
  • Most clients are heavily sedated and intubated quickly when an inhalation injury is suspected before airway obstruction can occur. (floridaforensicscience.com)
  • These nerves supply the muscles that are responsible for holding the vocal cords open during inspiration (breathing in) and therefore failure to work effectively can result in partial obstruction of the upper airway. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Polyps may be caused by prolonged vocal abuse, but may also occur after a single, traumatic event to the vocal folds. (askjan.org)
  • Vocal Cord Polyps: Vocal cord polyps are similar to nodules and can also cause hoarseness, a change in voice quality, and difficulty breathing. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Treatment options for vocal cord polyps include voice therapy and surgical removal. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Voice therapy can be helpful in treating vocal cord nodules, polyps, and some cases of vocal cord paralysis. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Phonotrauma (overuse of the vocal cords) leads to mechanical stress and occasionally results in callouses (nodules) or larger growths (polyps). (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Symptoms may include hoarseness, vocal fatigue, and a breathy voice. (ahrihospital.com)
  • As opposed to common neurologic causes of hoarseness like vocal cord paralysis and spasmodic dysphonia, functional dysphonia has the ability to come and go. (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Vocal cord sequelae and postoperative hoarseness during general anesthesia are a significant source of morbidity for patients and a source of liability for anesthesiologists. (silverchair.com)
  • If postoperative hoarseness or vocal cord sequelae persisted, follow-up examination was performed until complete restitution. (silverchair.com)
  • The quality of tracheal intubation contributes to laryngeal morbidity, and excellent conditions are less frequently associated with postoperative hoarseness and vocal cord sequelae. (silverchair.com)
  • Adding atracurium to a propofol-fentanyl induction regimen significantly improved the quality of tracheal intubation and decreased postoperative hoarseness and vocal cord sequelae. (silverchair.com)
  • Paralysis of a vocal cord (unilateral paralysis) is relatively common, but paralysis of both (bilateral paralysis) is not, which may be more serious. (topdoctors.es)
  • Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a life-threatening disorder caused by thyroid and cervical surgery, tracheal intubation, trauma, and neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In bilateral paralysis, both cords generally lie within 2 to 3 mm of the midline, and the voice is of good quality but of limited intensity and pitch modulation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, a rare, but serious, medical condition which occurs when the nerve impulses to the vocal cords are disrupted resulting in issues with speaking, breathing and swallowing. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • Health Canada reviewed the risk of bilateral vocal cord paralysis with esophageal stents. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • Health Canada's review of the available information did not establish a link between the use of esophageal stents and the risk of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a rare, but serious, medical condition that can affect speaking, breathing and swallowing. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • At the time of the review, Health Canada had not received any Canadian reports of bilateral vocal cord paralysis related to esophageal stent placement. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • The literature reviewed could not conclude whether esophageal stents was associated with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, since this rare condition can also occur as a result of disease progression or as a consequence of other medical conditions that require stent placement. (hpfb-dgpsa.ca)
  • Nodules are most frequently caused by vocal abuse or misuse. (askjan.org)
  • Vocal Cord Nodules: Vocal cord nodules are small, benign growths that develop on the vocal cords due to frequent voice misuse or overuse. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Treatment for vocal cord nodules may include voice therapy, which focuses on proper vocal use, and surgery to remove the nodules. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Vocal cord paralysis may result from lesions or dysfunction at the level of the nucleus ambiguus, its supranuclear tracts, the main trunk of the vagus, or the recurrent laryngeal nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We studied these tissues on vocal cord nerves in our patients and tried tissues that had amnion alone or amnion with chorion and the results were hugely different, with the membrane containing the chorion being much better. (parathyroid.com)
  • In addition, paralysis can also be caused by damage to so-called peripheral nerves located outside the CNS. (thehealthside.com)
  • Flaccid paralysis occurs when damage to peripheral nerves, ie nerves located outside the spinal cord, disrupts or completely disrupts the connection between the brain and muscles. (thehealthside.com)
  • Complete paralysis of a vocal cord occurs when both the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves are affected on the same side. (medicalalgorithms.com)
  • What Nerves Are Involved In Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis? (midwestsinus.com)
  • In idiopathic cases, paralysis or paresis might be due to a viral infection affecting the voice box nerves (RLN or SLN) or the vagus nerve, but this cannot be proven in most cases. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Your vocal cords move through the contraction of various muscles controlled by your brain and a specific set of nerves. (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • Vocal cord paralysis and paresis can result from abnormal function of the nerves that control your voice box muscles (laryngeal muscles). (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • Monitoring including fitting an endotrachial tube - which is used to help patients breathe while under general anesthesia - with electrodes that provided real-time data about the electrical activity of the vocal cords and nerves. (ladylively.com)
  • The signs associated with laryngeal paralysis are usually caused by a dysfunction of one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a pathology affecting the vocal folds (commonly referred to as the vocal cords) characterized by full or partial vocal fold closure causing difficulty and distress during respiration, especially during inhalation. (wikipedia.org)
  • People with vocal cord dysfunction often complain of "difficulty in breathing in" or "fighting for breath", which can lead to subjective respiratory distress, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different subtypes of vocal cord dysfunction are characterized by additional symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, momentary aphonia can be caused by laryngospasm, an involuntary spasm of the vocal cords and a strained or hoarse voice may be perceived when the vocal cord dysfunction occurs during speech. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Vocal cord dysfunction co-occurs with asthma approximately 40% of the time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vocal cords paralysis , also known as vocal cord dysfunction, occurs when the vocal cords don't function properly due to illness or injury. (ckbhospital.com)
  • Click here to read more about laryngospasm and other forms of vocal cord dysfunction . (fauquierent.net)
  • This video shows a patient with vocal cord dysfunction induced by exercise. (fauquierent.net)
  • Vocal cord dysfunction is a less severe form of laryngospasm as shown in the previous example. (fauquierent.net)
  • Surgery in the neck (e.g., surgery of thyroid gland, carotid artery) or surgery in the chest (e.g., surgery of the lung, esophagus, heart, or large blood vessels) may inadvertently result in RLN paresis or paralysis. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Unplanned injury during surgery -Surgery in the neck (thyroid gland, carotid artery, cervical spine) or in the chest (lungs, esophagus, heart, or large blood vessels) may cause RLN or SLN paresis or paralysis. (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux occur when the contents of the stomach along with gastric acid flow back into the esophagus. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • Laryngitis: Laryngitis is an inflammation of the vocal cords that can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, overuse of the voice, or exposure to irritants such as smoke. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Diagnosis of VCD may include a series of evaluations including pulmonary function tests, medical imaging, and the evaluation or visualization of the vocal folds during an episode through the use of videolaryngoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis is based on laryngoscopy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If you are experiencing voice changes or other symptoms of a vocal cord disorder, it is essential to seek medical attention from an ENT specialist such as Dr. Rahul Agrawal in Gwalior, who can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan. (ahrihospital.com)
  • With proper diagnosis and treatment, many vocal cord disorders can be successfully managed, and the voice can be restored to its full potential. (ahrihospital.com)
  • The veterinary surgeon may have a strong suspicion of the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis from the age and breed of the patient, the sound of the respiratory pattern and discussion of the history with the owner. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Unfortunately, recovery from general anaesthesia is associated with increased risks if an animal is suffering from laryngeal paralysis, and therefore definitive diagnosis is usually made immediately before surgical treatment is carried out under the same anaesthetic. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Vocal fold (or cord) paresis and paralysis result from abnormal nerve input to the voice box muscles (laryngeal muscles). (midwestsinus.com)
  • Once the incision has healed, we insert a device called a vocal fold stimulator under both vocal folds, which stimulates them back into action via electric impulses. (ckbhospital.com)
  • The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) carries signals to different voice box muscles responsible for opening vocal folds (as in breathing, coughing), closing vocal folds for vocal fold vibration during voice use, and closing vocal folds during swallowing. (midwestsinus.com)
  • People have one set of two vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, that work together in your voice box to produce sound. (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • Since most pediatric cases occur due to a rapid progression of a recent infection with a short incubation period, this implies a high rate of recent transmission in the community. (tuberculosistextbook.com)
  • Thirty-two patients with developing paralysis and acute WNV infection were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute paralysis associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection ( 1 - 8 ) has been attributed to Guillain-BarrĂ© syndrome ( 3 ), a poliomyelitislike syndrome ( 2 , 4 - 6 , 8 ), and a generalized myeloradiculitis ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Patterns of weakness at strength nadir and 4 months later in patients with acute paralysis and West Nile virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • When caused by infection paralysis antibiotics or antivirals can be used. (thehealthside.com)
  • Medications such as antibiotics or steroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and promote healing in cases of laryngitis or other vocal cord disorders caused by infection. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Functional dysphonia tends to occur after a respiratory infection, when acute laryngitis may lead to vocal fold swelling and inflammation. (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Subglottic stenosis may occur from trauma, infection, or it may be there from birth (congenital). (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • The vocal cords vibrate when speaking to produce the voice. (topdoctors.es)
  • The noise that sounds like wheezing is actually produced by thin and pliable vocal cords that vibrate with quick inhalation or exhalation when the vocal cords are APART. (fauquierent.net)
  • However, if the negative pressure is strong enough, the vocal cord membranes will start to vibrate and cause 'noise,' just like a flag makes more noise the stronger a wind blows. (fauquierent.net)
  • To produce adequate voice, both vocal cords should move toward each other and close completely to vibrate together (this is called glottic closure). (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • From mild bruising or excessive pressure, this might go up to a permanent impairment of the spinal cord that might lead to partial or total paralysis. (harcourthealth.com)
  • In rare scenarios, complications like vocal cord paralysis and damage to the surrounding structures in the neck may occur. (apollohospitals.com)
  • No irrecoverable complications occurred after RFA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Complications can also occur that impact the kidneys and skeleton or cause other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss and fatigue. (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • We do know that thyroid surgery is associated with nerve injury, vocal cord paralysis or nerve paralysis that can occur in up to 10 percent of thyroidectomies and can lead to voice loss and difficulty swallowing, so these are very, very important complications to avoid," Dr. Gregory Randolph, of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, said in an association news release. (ladylively.com)
  • The left vocal cord is paralyzed more often than the right because the left recurrent nerve takes a longer course from the brain stem to the larynx, providing more opportunity for compression, traction, or surgical injuries. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Laryngeal Disorders The larynx contains the vocal cords and serves as the opening to the tracheobronchial tree. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Laryngeal paralysis is the term used to describe a functional failure of the larynx (voice box), particularly a failure to open the vocal cords during inspiration (breathing in). (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Stridor often occurs from narrowing of the voice box and vocal cord area (larynx) and should be differentiated from Stertor . (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) occurs when these fluids flow high enough into the back of the throat (pharynx) that they can be aspirated into the voice box (larynx) and trachea (windpipe). (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • Vocal fold movements are a result of the coordinated contraction of various muscles. (midwestsinus.com)
  • In this case, I doubt either of these vocal fold lesions would regress with voice rest or voice therapy. (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Narrowing of the vocal cord opening (glottis) due to lesions or masses result in turbulent airflow. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • If this nerve line is damaged, it can lead to paralysis, disorders of vegetative functions and changes in muscle tension and reflexes. (thehealthside.com)
  • Paralysis can occur suddenly (eg after an accident or a stroke) or develop slowly and progressively (eg with muscle and nerve disorders). (thehealthside.com)
  • The development of parathyroid neoplasms may be related to genetic mutations, or they may occur as a symptom of certain rare genetic disorders. (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • Vocal cord disorders can be detrimental to one's ability to communicate effectively. (ahrihospital.com)
  • As an ENT specialist in Gwalior, I have seen many patients suffering from vocal cord disorders. (ahrihospital.com)
  • In this article, we will discuss some of the most common vocal cord disorders and their treatment options. (ahrihospital.com)
  • The treatment for vocal cord disorders depends on the specific condition and its severity. (ahrihospital.com)
  • In cases where surgery is necessary, Dr. Rahul Agrawal, an experienced ENT specialist in Gwalior, can perform a range of procedures to remove growths or correct structural abnormalities that are causing vocal cord disorders. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Rest and hydration are also important for many cases of vocal cord disorders. (ahrihospital.com)
  • These symptoms can be mild to severe depending on the degree of paralysis, and the ability of your voice box to adapt. (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • The floppiness of the laryngeal structures above the vocal cords can be mild to severe producing mild symptoms of stridor to severe retractions of your baby's chest and the inability to fully inhale. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • Although the procedure is typically uncomplicated, risks of thyroid surgery include vocal cord paralysis and low blood calcium (hypocalcemia). (ent-drs.com)
  • The patients in the study had their vocal cords closely monitored during thyroid surgery, and all them had vocal cord function after the surgery. (ladylively.com)
  • The effect on patients may vary greatly depending on the patient's use of his or her voice: A mild vocal fold paresis can be the end to a singer's career, but have only a marginal effect on a computer programmer's career. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Since the cricothyroid muscle adjusts the tension of the vocal fold for high notes during singing, SLN paresis and paralysis result in abnormalities in voice pitch and the inability to sing with smooth change to each higher note. (midwestsinus.com)
  • The cause of vocal fold paralysis or paresis can indicate whether the disorder will resolve over time or whether it is most likely permanent. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Despite advances in diagnostic technology, physicians are unable to detect the cause in about half of all vocal fold paralyses. (midwestsinus.com)
  • What Are The Symptoms Of Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis? (midwestsinus.com)
  • In this photo, some might characterize the left vocal fold lesion (left side of the photo) as a large nodule, while the right sided vocal fold lesion might be considered a small polyp. (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Additional contributing factors include vocal fold inflammation from acid reflux, sinus inflammation, cough, or vocal abuse. (newportvoiceandswallow.com)
  • Sometimes, patients with SLN paresis/paralysis may have a normal speaking voice but an abnormal singing voice. (midwestsinus.com)
  • Paralysis usually refers to the inability to move various parts of the body such as arms and legs. (thehealthside.com)
  • These include loss of vocal pitch, increased need to take in a breath, and the inability to speak loudly. (teds-list.com)
  • Hearing loss occurs when there is a total or partial inability to hear sound in one or both ears. (ent-sd.com)
  • During the next 2 days, he developed fever of 103.6 F (39.8 C), ocular motor paralysis, myoclonic tremors, and dysphagia, manifested by an inability to swallow his saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • Several reports have described acute respiratory failure occurring with WNV-associated paralysis ( 5 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, the frequency of acute paralysis in WNV neuroinvasive disease remains unknown, and the clinical features of WNV-associated respiratory weakness have not been characterized. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute paralysis was seen in many patients, and in several, acute respiratory failure developed that required emergent intubation. (cdc.gov)
  • We conducted a population-based assessment of WNV-infected persons in whom acute paralysis developed to describe the clinical features, mechanisms, and short-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • These right vocal cords paralysis symptoms gradually declined after sessions of speech therapy rehabilitation. (ispub.com)
  • Voice therapy is a common treatment option that involves working with a speech therapist to learn how to use the voice correctly and reduce vocal strain. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Paralysis may affect phonation, respiration, and deglutition, and food and fluids may be aspirated into the trachea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Whiplash, which occurs when a person's neck and head snap back and forth several times in a violent motion, is a well-known outcome of a car accident. (paulbyrdlawfirm.com)
  • and dyspnea with moderate exertion as each cord is drawn to the midline glottis by an inspiratory Bernoulli effect. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Breathing tube/intubation -Though rare, injury to the RLN may occur when breathing tubes are inserted to assist breathing for an extended period of time (in the intensive care unit, for example). (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • paresis is a weakened vocal cord movement, caused by a partial loss of nerve input. (mynorthtexasent.com)
  • But now there is something that can be done to potentially decrease the chance of a vocal cord nerve injury after thyroid and parathyroid surgery! (parathyroid.com)
  • The scariest part of all is that these injuries can occur within as little as two hours. (wsrkfm.com)
  • Understanding a few common injuries that might occur and knowing about their treatment options, could prove to be of immense help to you, should you or any of your loved ones ever get involved in any serious car accident. (harcourthealth.com)
  • The serious kinds of injuries caused by car accidents generally involve the spinal cord. (harcourthealth.com)
  • In most cases, the effects of spinal cord injuries may be reduced or reversed through advanced rehabilitation as well as experimental technologies. (harcourthealth.com)
  • Back and spinal cord injuries: An injury to the spinal cord can render a person a quadriplegic or paraplegic immediately. (paulbyrdlawfirm.com)
  • The date of discovery is when you made the connection between the car accident and your injuries if it didn't occur right away. (paulbyrdlawfirm.com)
  • Note If necessary, rehabilitation in a neurological rehabilitation center is recommended in the case of paralysis - especially after surgical trauma treatment or in the case of tumor diseases. (thehealthside.com)
  • Stertor is more nasal sounding and occurs from blockage higher up in the nose or throat. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografĂ­a en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)
  • Injury to the RLN may occur when breathing tubes are used for general anesthesia and/or assisted breathing (artificial ventilation). (midwestsinus.com)
  • Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is most common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A poliomyelitislike syndrome likely involving spinal anterior horn cells is the most common mechanism of WNV-associated paralysis and is associated with significant short- and long-term illness and death. (cdc.gov)
  • Laryngomalacia, the most common cause of stridor in infants, is a floppiness of the laryngeal cartilages above the vocal cords. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • On endoscopy, the fixed lesion was discovered to be a scar band in the back part of the vocal cords (top of picture) preventing the vocal cords from moving apart fully. (fauquierent.net)
  • Vocal cord paralysis is a voice disorder that occurs when one or both of the vocal cords do not close or do not open as they should. (topdoctors.es)
  • If one or both do not produce movement the person will have problems in the voice, but also in breathing and swallowing, which is called paralysis of the vocal cords. (topdoctors.es)
  • An individual may be limited due to problems with articulation, voice strength, language expression, or may be non-vocal. (askjan.org)
  • We were amazed that the incidence of vocal cord injury and loss of voice went to zero in our first 50 patients. (parathyroid.com)
  • Our specialists are highly trained to offer voice therapies to effectively treat your vocal cord paralysis. (ckbhospital.com)
  • There are various ways you can permanently damage your vocal cords, including smoking, signing too loudly, singing with poor technique, or using your voice when you are unwell. (teds-list.com)
  • If surgery is needed, the goal is to change the position of the paralyzed vocal cord to improve the voice. (mountsinai.org)
  • Treatment may involve voice therapy to improve vocal cord function, surgery to reposition the paralyzed vocal cord, or injection of a substance to plump up the vocal cord and improve voice quality. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Close monitoring of the vocal cords during thyroid removal surgery benefits people who use their voice to make a living, according to a new study. (ladylively.com)
  • Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a narrowing of the trachea (windpipe) below the vocal cords (glottis) known as the subglottic area. (johnmcclaymd.com)
  • The majority of these cases occur in low-income countries where the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is high. (tuberculosistextbook.com)
  • Metastatic disease occurs in 16% of all RMS cases and has a poor prognosis. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • In some cases, the paralysis may resolve independently without any treatment. (ckbhospital.com)
  • Documented cases of children ingesting batteries show that they usually occur under the age of 6, (62.5%) with the majority of them occurring between the ages of 1 and 3. (bergerhenryent.com)
  • Analysis of cervical hematoma data demonstrated that in only 3/14 cases the hematoma presented as an inpatient, and in the remaining 11/14, it occurred late, with a range of 2-9 days. (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • Whilst there are some reports of congenital laryngeal paralysis which affects young dogs less than a year old, the majority of cases develop later and affect middle aged to older animals. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Most cases presented to veterinary surgeons occur in dogs rather than cats, and particularly affect larger breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retreivers, Weimeraners, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Great Danes etc., although smaller dogs and cats can be affected. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • About 55% of MSA cases occur in men, with those affected first showing symptoms at the age of 50-60 years. (wikipedia.org)