• IL-2 and IFN-γ), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies), and adoptive T-cell transfer (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy) [ 3 - 5 ]. (thno.org)
  • In recent years, engineering T cell therapy has made great progress in tumor immunotherapy, which mainly includes T-cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. (cip.com.cn)
  • Herein, we summarize emerging agents including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell for non-small cell lung cancer attempting to provide insights and perspectives of the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo, this electrical charge guided the particles towards the patient's dendritic immune cells that specify immune system targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, a three-in-one oncolytic adenovirus system PEG-PEI-Adv-Catalase-KillerRed (p-Adv-CAT-KR) has been constructed to multiply, initiate, and enhance immune responses in photodynamic immunotherapy, using genetically-engineered KillerRed as photosensitizer, catalase as in situ oxygen-supplying mediator, and adenovirus as immunostimulatory bio-reproducible carrier. (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of immunotherapy is to treat cancer by enabling the immune system to attack the tumour. (nature.com)
  • Immunotherapy is currently considered as a promising next-generation therapeutic strategy for various cancers thanks to its ability to modulate cell-specific immune responses toward tumors [ 1 ], which has gradually remodeled the landscape of clinical anticancer modality [ 2 ]. (thno.org)
  • Among most immunosuppressive cells, TAMs, as crucial drivers of immunosuppressive TME, account for the largest proportion of immune cells in the TME (approximately 50% of tumor mass) [ 9 , 10 ], which possess highly heterogeneity and play a complex regulatory role in tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to helping tumor evade immune surveillance [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
  • In particular, stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immune cells, such as T-cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, have been favored candidates for regenerative medicine and cell-based cancer immunotherapy, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TIME influences the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival rate of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • At present, clinical immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy. (justia.com)
  • Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • Clinical studies have found that NK cell adoptive immunotherapy for malignant tumors has a good application prospect, and has certain effects on various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. (nmn-bio.com)
  • Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has potential to treat bladder cancer, as previously demonstrated by successful expansion of tumor reactive T cells from human bladder tumors. (bmj.com)
  • TILs were isolated from MB49 orthotopic tumors and expanded ex vivo in IL-2. (bmj.com)
  • Adoptive T-cell transfer combined with a single low dose of total body irradiation eradicates breast tumors. (rush.edu)
  • He has successfully translated his findings from the laboratory to the clinics and has conducted and led several large national immunotherapy clinical trials for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Dr. Lim is a world leader in immunotherapy for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • In addition to being invited world-wide to give lectures and seminars, he has given platform presentations on the topics of immunotherapy for brain tumors, neurosurgical techniques and management of brain tumors at the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, American Academy of Neurological Surgeons, Radiological Society of North America, Annual Symposium on Brain and Spine Metastases, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and other meetings. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Her research interest focuses on the molecular oncology and immunotherapies of solid tumors and she published more than 40 peer reviewed papers. (stanford.edu)
  • In vivo development and survival of NK cells require cytokines ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, TAMs usually display M2-like phenotypes that exert tumor-promoting role in TME, and promote production of related immunosuppressive factors that trigger immunotherapy resistance, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and soluble signaling mediators [ 12 ]. (thno.org)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although the efficacy of adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was examined over several decades, genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) rapidly replaced the application of TILs due to their high specificity, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor antigen, superior potency, and improved in vivo persistency [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wei X, Wang J, Liang M, Song M. Development of functional nanomedicines for tumor associated macrophages-focused cancer immunotherapy. (thno.org)
  • Clinical cancer immunotherapies are usually impeded by tumor immunosuppression driven by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). (thno.org)
  • Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer. (springer.com)
  • In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is hoped that, with rapid development of nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy, TAMs-focused therapeutic strategies may be anticipated to become an emerging immunotherapeutic modality for future clinical cancer treatment. (thno.org)
  • Due to their secretory functions, differentiation capabilities, specific homing effects through chemotaxis, distinctive therapeutic potentials, and ex vivo expandability, cells have become an attractive reagent for advanced therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although photodynamic immunotherapy has been promoted in the clinical practice of cholangiocarcinoma, the insensitivity to photodynamic immunotherapy remains to be a great problem. (bvsalud.org)
  • OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this respect, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors to unleash the activity of tumor-reactive T cells has been a milestone in cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for lung cancer are the two major areas undergoing rapid development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we summarized the novel agents in tyrosine kinase inhibitors especially for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy aiming to provide a landscape of emerging agents for NSCLC as well as insights and perspectives for the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • achievements, challenges and future prospects. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Tc9 cells can create a solid antitumor impact in the MC38-GP100 tumor model, which effect could possibly be reversed by anti-IL-9 [38]. (tech-strategy.org)
  • By focusing on the critical roles of different metabolic programs, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as their essential regulators in modulating Treg proliferation, migration, and function, we hope to provide new insights into Treg cell-targeted antitumor immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, it is imperative to develop more competent and safer immunotherapy approaches by optimizing the design of CAR vectors, exploring new targets, incorporating conditional safe switches and combining with other strategies. (ijbs.com)
  • In this article, we address structure and signal activation, target selection, affinity optimization, safety modification and gene editing strategies for engineered T cells, and also review the potential synthetic biological approaches and latest progress of engineered T cell therapy in the application of tumor immunotherapy. (cip.com.cn)
  • The data on the prognostic and predictive role of the tumor molecular biomarkers, as well as on clinically used and cellular therapy approaches and developing targeted drugs are presented, and the prospects for the future research are outlined. (cttjournal.com)
  • Lastly, some severe challenges related to functional nanomedicines for TAMs-focused cancer immunotherapy are proposed, and some feasible perspectives on clinical translation of TAMs-associated anticancer immunonanomedicines are provided. (thno.org)
  • TIME-related RNA or RNA regulators could be promising targets for anticancer immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complex interplay between cancer cells and the TIME influences the outcome of immunotherapy and other anticancer therapy (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
  • In vivo experiments have shown that NK cells also play the role of the body's first natural defense line, which can kill and remove virus-infected cells and prevent the spread of the virus. (nmn-bio.com)
  • Moreover, in vivo experiments have shown that the system effectively promotes wound healing through killing K.Pneumoniae and promoting the formation of new tissues. (authorea.com)
  • In this Perspective, June, Bluestone and Warshauer discuss potential cellular and molecular explanations for the autoimmunity often associated with immunotherapy, and propose additional research and changes to reporting practices to aid efforts to understand and minimize these toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • Thus, TAMs can be considered as a promising therapeutic target for improved immunotherapy, and TAMs-focused molecular targeting agents have made ideal progress in clinical practice. (thno.org)
  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the transfer of cells into a patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • In autologous cancer immunotherapy, T cells are extracted from the patient, genetically modified and cultured in vitro and returned to the same patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
  • In summary, this two-phased feeder cell-free ex vivo culturing protocol combined efficient expansion and high cytolytic functionality of NK cells for treatment of radiation-resistant RMS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rosenberg and colleagues review evidence suggesting that T cells that target tumor neoantigens arising from cancer mutations are the main mediators of many effective cancer immunotherapies in humans. (nature.com)
  • Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
  • More importantly, activated B cells may also prime naive T-cell responses against neoantigens ex vivo as DCs do [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, these breakthrough discoveries in both regenerative medicine and cancer immunotherapy using cells as therapeutic reagents soon faced a common problem: the inability to control cellular functions to maximize the therapeutic benefits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • growth em in vivo /em and to specifically determine MM cells in mouse cells. (stemcellethics.net)
  • State-of-the art tumour-genome sequencing and analysis is enabling researchers to provide uniquely personalized immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • by contrast, PD-L1 removal increases phagocytosis in vivo , decreases tumour burden and increases survival of mice. (nature.com)
  • In the past decade, remarkable results have been obtained in clinical trials with immunotherapy for patients with advanced-stage cancer. (nature.com)
  • Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. (nature.com)
  • In patients with no BRAF mutation (ie, wild-type BRAF ), current guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommend single-agent immunotherapy with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab or nivolumab or combination therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Lim's bibliography contains well over 200 articles on topics such as immunotherapy for glioblastoma, long-term survival of glioma patients treated with stereotactic radiation, and treatment of neuropathic pain. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Besides suggesting ways to release genome-writing creativity, speakers at the meeting discussed technical advances, potential biotechnology applications, and prospects for clinical translation. (genengnews.com)
  • Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)
  • 43], suggested the usage of astaxanthin (nASX) as adjunctive dietary supplement given its prospect of alleviating cytokine surprise, acute lung damage, and acute respiratory system syndrome [44]. (enmd-2076.com)
  • CAR-T cell therapy has achieved outstanding progresses in clinical observations, which makes it even more attractive in the development of cancer adoptive immunotherapy. (ijbs.com)
  • These results would not have been possible without critical recent innovations in the field, such as the development of safe and efficient materials for in vivo mRNA delivery and advanced protocols for the production of high quality mRNA. (researchgate.net)
  • Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Also, nanovaccines can be very helpful for making cancer treatments that use immunotherapy. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, intracranial progression is common during systemic treatments due to the inability to penetrate central nervous system (CNS) barriers, whereas the intracranial effects of cancer immunotherapies remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, increasing data has indicated that the clinical potential of most immunotherapies is usually hampered by immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [ 7 ]. (thno.org)
  • In recent years, immunotherapy has achieved revolutionary results in the clinical treatment of cancer. (justia.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the available RNA-based cancer immunotherapies targeting the TIME. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that cancer immunotherapies can prevent intracranial progression, maintaining long-term effects intracranially as well as systemically. (bvsalud.org)