• Finally, we propose an elaboration of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex in the context of modern studies of pallial patterning that integrates the specification of pallial sectors in development of vertebrate embryos. (springer.com)
  • Moreover, as is the case in vertebrate embryos, confining the ANE to the anterior end of the embryo requires a Wnt/β- catenin -dependent signaling mechanism. (echinobase.org)
  • Puelles andIntroduction Rubenstein, 1993), and neither the identity nor the source of inductive signals that trigger the differentiation of ventralIn vertebrate embryos, the patterning of the nervous sys- forebrain neurons has been established. (fliphtml5.com)
  • These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
  • Early in development the expression of the first patterning genes broadly sets up embryonic regions. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, purely physical mechanisms can account for branching morphogenesis of the embryonic mouse airway epithelium, when cultured ex vivo in the absence of biochemical patterning 14 . (nature.com)
  • Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Emerging asymmetry and embryonic patterning in early mouse development. (nature.com)
  • Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. (nature.com)
  • Here, we examine this question during the early stages of morphogenesis of the embryonic laterality organ, the first organ to form during vertebrate development, using the zebrafish as a model organism. (elifesciences.org)
  • Shortly after this the embryo begins to undergo embryonic turning, the process that results in the embryo taking up the classic foetal position. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
  • In the placodes of the forming tubes of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo, we previously identified spatially defined cell behaviors of cell wedging, tilting, and cell intercalation that are key to the initial stages of tube formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • By correlating dynamic patterns of transcription factor expression with rigorous, quantitative analyses of cell behaviors across the salivary gland primordium in Drosophila , their results suggest Hkb and Fkh transcription factor patterning induces switches in cell behaviors at fixed positions to promote continued morphogenesis of the tubular structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the Drosophila embryo, apical constriction in a strip of epithelial cells along the ventral midline results in the folding of the tissue and the internalization of ventral cells, forming a ventral furrow (VF). (nature.com)
  • Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. (nature.com)
  • Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • In the spring of 1891 Driesch performed experiments using two-celled sea urchin embryos, the results of which challenged the then-accepted understanding of embryo development. (asu.edu)
  • Integration of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways patterns the neuroectoderm along the anterior-posterior axis of sea urchin embryos. (echinobase.org)
  • In this study, we characterize, in zebrafish embryos, the pancreatic lateral plate mesoderm, which is located adjacent to the ventral pancreatic bud and is essential for its specification and growth. (biologists.com)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • In many well-studied cases of tissue morphogenesis, such as mesoderm invagination or germband extension in the fly, many morphogenetic effectors are induced evenly across the tissue primordium. (elifesciences.org)
  • We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • How epithelial cells actively respond to mechanical constraints by adjusting how they generate force is important to understand tissue morphogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Multi-scale quantification of tissue behavior during amniote embryo axis elongation Development. (usc.edu)
  • The large majority of the early embryologists thought that the genes played only a minor role in development, for example by determining eye color, and that development is rather controlled by tissue interactions. (balzan.org)
  • In the very early days of our lives, this tissue has folded up into layers, and these layers then became skin and nerves, muscles and bones, gut and lung. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In variations, tissue folding determines our appearance and instructs the formation of our organs, both in vivo and in organoids. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Our work aims at providing insights into (1) the interplay between the dynamic organization of cytoskeletal filaments and cell shape changes, and (2) the reciprocal links between tissue growth, morphogenesis and tissue mechanics. (fresnel.fr)
  • A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of development of the anterior segment can provide general insights into questions such as tissue induction, cell type fate determination, and the regulation of cellular morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • Phalloidin has been labeled with a proprietary red fluorescent dye which allows it to be used to stain actin filaments in tissue cultured cells and tissue sections (1, see Figure 1) and cell-free preparations. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
  • These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: The self-organization theory of early mammalian development. (nature.com)
  • Further techniques are organized by the level of visualization they provide, from cells to tissues and organs to whole embryos. (cshlpress.com)
  • During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
  • The consistent ultrasound image obtained with the UBM can be used to visualize and guide injection into target organs [ 9 , 10 ], including mouse embryo, to aid in targeted delivery of drugs and viral particles [ 7 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These studies establish a novel role for GPR56 in the adhesion of developing neurons to basal lamina molecules and suggest that this adhesion is critical for maintenance of the pia and proper cerebellar morphogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, exposure of neural plate explants tomatch those of the ventral neurons generated in these SHH leads to the differentiation of motor neurons in addi-two subdivisions of the forebrain in vivo. (fliphtml5.com)
  • These early progenitor cells often travel long distances from their induction site to the site of terminal differentiation, making them vulnerable to environmental cues and movement of neighbouring tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • Despite the importance of the developmental pathways followed by these small groups of progenitor cells and their impact on the physiology of the organism, we still know little about the set of developmental strategies that progenitor cells deploy in vivo to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment as they travel to the site of terminal differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
  • Methods range from the basics of labeling cells to cutting-edge protocols for high-speed imaging, optical projection tomography, and digital scanned laser light-sheet fluorescence. (cshlpress.com)
  • Together, our in vivo and in silico data provide a framework for understanding how cells orient force generation, establishing a role for geometrical and mechanical patterning of force production in tissues. (nature.com)
  • Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
  • Three-dimensional reconstruction of singly labeled intestinal cells demonstrated that the majority of the intestinal epithelial cells contact both the apical and basal surfaces. (jove.com)
  • In zebrafishes, forced expression of rat lcn2 gene increased the number and thickness of cellular processes in GFAP-expressing radial glia cells, suggesting that lcn2 expression in glia cells plays an important role in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration Front Cell Dev Biol. (usc.edu)
  • Labeling individual cells within their germ layers allows for a pictorial interpretation of gastrulation. (asu.edu)
  • Driesch showed that the cells of an early embryo, when separated, could each continue to develop into normal larval forms. (asu.edu)
  • We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Retention of labeled DNA strands may be attributed to the ability of stem cells to retain the parental DNA strand during asymmetric cell division ( Cairns, 1975 ) or to quiescence of the stem cell population such that the DNA label is not diluted by frequent cell divisions ( Klein and Simons, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • F-Actin, Myosin, and Microtubules already exist in fungi, sponges, corals and jellyfish, they regulate shape and mechanical properties of cells since the earliest animals, and they remain functional even if swapped between species. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Here we describe a whole organ culture system that allows ex vivo development of villi and extensions of that culture system to allow the intestines to be three-dimensionally imaged during their development. (jove.com)
  • We are taking an interdisciplinary approach to studying primordial germ cell (PGC) development in the context of gastrulating embryos by combining the power of molecular genetics with advanced optical imaging within living embryos. (usc.edu)
  • Our studies address outstanding questions fundamental to PGC development and early embryogenesis including when, where, and how they are specified, how balance their need to move with their need to proliferate, and how they move in and out of the living embryo. (usc.edu)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • Early development occurs in a highly organized and orchestrated manner and has long attracted the interest of developmental biologists and embryologists. (asu.edu)
  • Contributions to the Development of the Embryo. (asu.edu)
  • This form of genetic screening has been made possible by the growth of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) technology, which allows for the early stages of development to occur in a laboratory dish rather than in vivo. (asu.edu)
  • Hadorn was one of the few developmental biologists who had recognized early that development is under strict genetic control. (balzan.org)
  • Flies are easy to keep in the lab and their embryos all follow comparable steps of development. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Patterning the neuroectoderm along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis is a critical event in the early development of deuterostome embryos. (echinobase.org)
  • Marine tests showed an inhibition of growth with the two different algal species (P. tricornutum and D. tertiolecta), an inhibition of bioluminescence in the bacterium A. fischeri, an alteration on the correct early development of the serpulid F. enigmaticus larvae and immobilization of the copepod A. tonsa individuals at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. (easychair.org)
  • To lay the foundation for genetic studies of anterior segment development, we have described the morphogenesis of this structure in zebrafish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data detail the global impact of Sp3 on in vivo mouse gene expression and development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Caroti, F, Urbansky, S, Wosch, M, and Lemke, S (2015) Germ line transformation and in vivo labeling of nuclei in Diptera: report on Megaselia abdita (Phoridae) and Chironomus riparius (Chironomidae). (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We used histological, molecular, and behavioral approaches to characterize the defects caused by loss of GPR56 and also examined the potential cellular functions of this molecule in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • The ability to observe the epithelium three-dimensionally was seminal to demonstrating this point and redefining epithelial morphogenesis in the fetal intestine. (jove.com)
  • Transgenic quail that ubiquitously express fluorescent proteins provide a novel amniote model system that permits investigations in living embryos with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. (usc.edu)
  • Also conserved are many of the genes that set up the molecular coordinate system and provide the growing animal embryo with information about space and time. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • B) qPCR measurements from three different cultures of embryos showing that ANE regulatory genes are up-regulated at the late blastula stage (24 hpf) in the absence of functional Fzl5/8 signaling. (echinobase.org)
  • Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch was a late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosopher and developmental biologist. (asu.edu)
  • We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation J Vis Exp. (usc.edu)
  • A) foxq2 , fzl5/8, and six3 expression in 32-cell and late blastula-stage control embryos (Aa-d), ΔFzl5/8 mRNA-injected embryos (Af-i), and embryos treated with JNK inhibitor (Ak-n). (echinobase.org)
  • C) foxq2 expression is completely eliminated in embryos injected with either Wnt1 (b) or Wnt8 (d) mRNA. (echinobase.org)
  • The purpose of PGD is to identify what are considered to be abnormal embryos in order to select the most desirable embryos for implantation. (asu.edu)
  • Homozygous Sp3-/- mice were smaller than wild-type and Sp+/- littermates, died soon after birth and had abnormal lung morphogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acti-stain™ 555 phalloidin-labeled actin filaments retain many functional characteristics of unlabeled actin including their ability to interact with myosin. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • One of his earliest experiments involved constricting the blastomeres of a fertilized salamander egg with a noose of fine baby hair, resulting in a partially double embryo with two heads and one tail. (asu.edu)
  • A) foxq2 expression at stages from 32-cell to hatched blastula, as well as fzl5/8 and six3 expression at mesenchyme blastula stage in control embryos (Aa-f), Fzl1/2/7 morpholino-injected embryos (Ah-m), and embryos treated with PKC inhibitor (Ao-t). (echinobase.org)
  • Indeed, at early somite stages Ablim1 shows a unique asymmetric expression pattern, in the left lateral plate and to the right side of the node. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Remarkably, the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) of the deuterostome sea urchin embryo expresses many of the same transcription factors and secreted modulators of Wnt signaling, as does the early vertebrate ANE (forebrain/eye field). (echinobase.org)
  • UBM is useful to investigate the growth and differentiation of tumors as well as to detect early molecular expression of cancer-related biomarkers in vivo and to monitor the effects of cancer therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • system details caused to gigantic innovation in stem of million to as 50 overall fertility embryos. (need4speed.com)
  • While many existing computational methods are used to reduce manual labeling time, there is still a huge demand for further quality improvements of automated solutions. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Here we use morpholino- or dominant negative-mediated interference to demonstrate that the early sea urchin embryo integrates information not only from Wnt/β- catenin but also from Wnt/Fzl5/8- JNK and Fzl1/2/7-PKC pathways to provide precise spatiotemporal control of neuroectoderm patterning along its AP axis. (echinobase.org)
  • Our experiments demonstrate that GPR56 is essential for proper morphogenesis of the rostral cerebellum and suggest that defects caused by loss of GPR56 arise from granule cell abnormalities in this region. (jneurosci.org)
  • This chart or graphical representation detailing the fate of each part of an early embryo is referred to as a fate map. (asu.edu)
  • Their study conquered the reproductive barrier between sheep and goats through embryo manipulation. (asu.edu)
  • While Pitx2 asymmetry drives many aspects of asymmetric morphogenesis, it is clear from published data that additional asymmetrically expressed loci must exist. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent Ablim1 expression in the peri-nodal ring reveals a very early indication of L-R asymmetry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The essential components of the BGB were established early in evolution and are conserved among vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that early transcriptional patterning of key morphogenetic transcription factors drives the selective activation of downstream morphogenetic modules, such as GPCR signaling that activates apical-medial actomyosin activity to drive cell wedging at the future asymmetrically placed invagination point. (elifesciences.org)
  • Misplacement or enlargement of the initial invagination pit leads to early problems in cell behaviors that eventually result in a defective organ shape. (elifesciences.org)
  • Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • Rossant, J. & Lis, W. T. Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that lcn2 acts in an autocrine manner to induce cell death sensitization and morphological changes in astrocytes under inflammatory conditions and that these phenotypic changes may be the basis of reactive astrocytosis in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Piotrowska, K. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Classic models for lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • B) The foxq2 expression domain is not restricted in embryos injected with a Wnt1 (b) or Wnt8 (c) morpholino. (echinobase.org)
  • Cargo molecules are endocytosed and targeted to early endosomes. (wormbook.org)
  • Early to late endosome transport may be mediated by small vesicular intermediates, or may be a maturation process whereby early endosomes lose components through recycling pathways and gain components through fusion with vesicles derived from the secretory pathway. (wormbook.org)
  • This change in concentration was based on earlier unpublished results from the laboratory. (europa.eu)
  • Our study showed that type IV collagen and, therefore the basement membrane, play fundamental roles in coordinating alveolar morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
  • This occurs in a L-R asymmetric manner such that the caudal-most region of the embryo passes to the right side of the head. (biomedcentral.com)
  • but the role of GPR56 in neuronal migration in vivo remains unknown. (jneurosci.org)