Vitro transcription transcription rna small nuclear. Medical search. Frequent questions

Non-structural proteins are involved in the transcription and replication of the virus. (medsci.org)
Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant, Clk/STY(K190R), causes retention of hypophosphorylated SR proteins in nuclear speckles. (rupress.org)
The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The PHD finger and the bromodomain are small protein domains that occur in many proteins associated with phenomena related to chromatin. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Chymotrypsin -- An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis (the breakdown) of proteins into peptides or amino acids in the small intestine. (nih.gov)
When the concentration of free radicals exceeds the neutralizing capability of the body's antioxidants, these highly reactive species can damage vital molecules such as DNA, RNA, enzymes and structural proteins and large amounts of membrane lipids though peroxidation. (nutrametrix.com)
Chromatin, a complex nuclear structure comprised of DNA, histones, RNA, and other nuclear proteins, is one of the most critical components within the cell because it houses the genetic information and its organization regulates important cellular functions, such as transcription, replication, and repair. (northwestern.edu)

The AAV non-coding RNA expression vector uses an RNA polymerase II promoter to drive the expression of the user-selected non-coding RNA gene. (vectorbuilder.kr)

Our approach paves the path towards in vivo, quantitative, reference sequence-free analysis of mtDNA transcription in all eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)
However, as mtDNA transcription was mostly studied in vitro, little remains known about the mode and tempo of in vivo OXPHOS genes' transcription residing on the mtDNA. (biorxiv.org)
These obstacles interfered with comparative in-vivo investigation of mtDNA transcription in diverse conditions, and hampered expanding the study of mtDNA nascent transcripts to organisms lacking an mtDNA reference sequence. (biorxiv.org)
Finally, mtDNA transcription termination sites have been either mapped in-vitro, or were associated with MTERF binding sites ( Christianson and Clayton 1986 ), thus, again, limiting the capability to in-vivo map transcription terminations sites in diverse organisms. (biorxiv.org)
To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
The lnc408 is high expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo. (nature.com)
What may perhaps the long term of SP hold Despite the apparent successes of SP, and its repeated use in the two in vitro and in vivo techniques, some scepticism surrounds its continued use, particularly when its specificity for JNK inhibition is a lot more closely evaluated. (mi-rna.com)
The AAV non-coding RNA expression vector is a highly efficient vehicle for in vitro and in vivo delivery of non-coding RNAs of interest. (vectorbuilder.kr)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. (cdc.gov)

The U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP). (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, when it is necessary to synthesize specific protein, small region of DNA is unwound, the two strands are disconnected, and the information on the protein structure with one of the DNA strands is written in form of RNA, single-stranded molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
Then a single nucleosome transcribed by a single RNA molecule was studied. (sciencedaily.com)
Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), due to their multifunction in various biological processes, have been indicated to play a crucial role in CSC renewal and stemness maintenance. (nature.com)
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), participate in cellular transformation. (oncotarget.com)
Approximately just 2% of the genome is transcribed into protein-coding RNAs [ 1 ], so the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be categorized according to their structural properties and length [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)

We have used block-substitution mutagenesis and in vitro transcription assays to identify cis-acting DNA sequence elements important for initiation and 3'-end formation of a U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in the parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. (cshl.edu)
The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)

Previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia have addressed many different aspects of RNA biology such as Mechanisms of Transcription (1998), The Ribosome (2001), Epigenetics (2004) and Regulatory RNAs (2006). (cshlpress.com)

We also show that sequence elements that direct 3'-end formation of the A. lumbricoides trans- spliced leader RNA function when RNA synthesis is initiated from the U1 promoter. (cshl.edu)
Lnc408 can recruit transcript factor SP3 to CBY1 promoter to serve as an inhibitor in CBY1 transcription in BCSCs. (nature.com)
It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. (lookformedical.com)
For RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, the start site is typically in the 3' region of the promoter while the termination site is within the polyA signal sequence. (vectorbuilder.kr)

Surprisingly, 3'-end formation of U1 snRNAs synthesized in vitro is solely dependent upon elements within the U1 coding sequence. (cshl.edu)

Differentially expressed miRNAs target 49 transcripts and their gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the susceptible cultivar responds by modulating the processes of protein localization and pigment synthesis, whereas the resistant cultivar responds by modulating transcription factors and hormone signalling. (researchsquare.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nt non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transciptional level via direct binding with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 16 , 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

One problem with identifying binding sites for splicing factors arises from the transient role of RNA in gene expression. (nih.gov)
This subset of transcription factors, known as pioneer transcription factors (PTFs), possess the ability to engage closed chromatin that is not accessible by other types of transcription factors, establish gene expression, and elicit cell reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
PTFs also enable other transcription factors, histone modifiers, and nucleosome remodeling complexes to alter the chromatin state and promote gene expression of silenced genes. (cytoskeleton.com)
Micro RNAs are 21- to 24-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (researchsquare.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)

ODN with a homology of 45 nucleotides showed the highest frequency and ODN with antisense orientation showed a 1000-fold higher frequency than sense orientation, indicating a possible influence of transcription on gene correction. (nih.gov)
200 nucleotides with no or little protein-coding capacity 15 . (nature.com)
We designed saRNA to target the IL-23A, IL-36g, OX40L, and UCP2 transcripts using our proprietary algorithm that bind to long noncoding RNA at position +2000 to -2000 nucleotides relative to the transcriptional start site. (aacrjournals.org)

Arsenic exposure activated ferritin transcription via the ARE concomitant with increased methylation of histones H4Arg3 (H4R3) and H3Arg17 (H3R17). (embl.de)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
Arsenic exposure of human HaCaT keratinocytes induced nuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and PRMT4, histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation proximal to the ARE, but not to the non-ARE regions of ferritin genes. (embl.de)
The He lab identified a core complex comprised of two subunits: METTL3 and METTL14, and an accessory factor WTAP, which mediates cellular m6A RNA methylation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Cellular RNA methylation level can have profound impacts on normal cell differentiation and cancer cell proliferation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

The internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in messenger RNA is one of the most abundant RNA modifications in eukaryotes. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA. (lookformedical.com)

Efficient initiation of synthesis by RNA polymerase II requires a compact element centered ~50 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. (cshl.edu)
However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei. (rupress.org)
IGCs are composed of particles measuring 20-25 nm in diameter, and they contain numerous factors that are involved in RNA synthesis and processing. (rupress.org)
The 84th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on RNA Control & Regulation and provided a current synthesis of the enormous progress in our understanding of RNA's influence on cells and organisms and how, when aberrant, its effects may contribute to the progression of disease. (cshlpress.com)
Cell-free system -- A mixture of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells used for in vitro protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, or other purposes. (nih.gov)
SP lowered CVB induced phosphorylation of activating Sorafenib transcription component , but didn't alter CVB viral protein synthesis, viral progeny release, cell death, or caspase activation in contaminated cells. (mi-rna.com)
Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data. (cancerindex.org)

In the vast majority of eukaryotes, OXPHOS is operated by genes encoded by two genomes - most in the nuclear genome (nDNA) and 37 in the short circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). (biorxiv.org)
8 It has an envelope and contains a very large RNA virus genome. (medsci.org)
Our entire genome is packed this way, except for the areas, from which the information is being currently read," -- says Vasily M. Studitsky, who is the leading researcher and the head of the Laboratory of Regulation of Transcription and Replication at the Biological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. (sciencedaily.com)
Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. (lookformedical.com)
The non-coding RNA of interest placed in-between the two ITRs is introduced into target cells along with the rest of viral genome. (vectorbuilder.kr)

To this end we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. (biorxiv.org)
Herein, we wondered whether circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA transcripts lacking 5′-3′ ends and forming closed loops that are gaining relevance in cancer biology, are also a target of epigenetic inactivation in tumors. (oncotarget.com)

High-throughput immunoprecipitation studies of transcription factors and splicing factors have revolutionized the fields of transcription and splicing. (nih.gov)
This bi-genomic division is accompanied by profoundly different transcription regulatory system: whereas nDNA-encoded genes are transcribed individually by RNA polymerase 2 and the general nuclear transcription machinery, mtDNA transcription is long known to be regulated mainly by a dedicated RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and mtDNA-specific transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2) ( Shutt and Shadel 2010 ). (biorxiv.org)
It also regulates the stability and activity of transcription factors including p53 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this closed state, chromatin structure becomes an obstacle for eukaryotic transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase machinery and most transcription factors (TFs). (cytoskeleton.com)
Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 were found to trigger endogenous expression of pluripotent genes [2] and were identified as PTFs due to their ability to access closed chromatin [3] . (cytoskeleton.com)
Many transcriptional factors such as snail, slug, twist and bmi1 have been confirmed to suppress E-cadherin transcription and thus identified as both molecular markers and inducers of EMT ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. (lookformedical.com)
Discussion at the Vancouver meeting spanned several areas of research, including signaling pathway activation of EMT and the transcription factors and gene targets involved. (rupress.org)

We have shown, not yet in the cell, but in vitro, that the repair of breaks in the other DNA chain, which is "hidden" in the nucleosome, is still possible. (sciencedaily.com)
According to our hypothesis, it occurs due to the formation of special small DNA loops in the nucleosome, although normally DNA wounds around the histone "spool" very tightly," -- says Vasily M. Studitsky, -- "The loops form when the DNA is coiled back on nucleosome together with polymerase. (sciencedaily.com)
Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. (rupress.org)

Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are short, double-stranded oligonucleotides designed to specifically upregulate target mRNA and protein expression by loading into an Ago2 complex for nuclear translocation and activation of RNA polymerase II activity. (aacrjournals.org)

siRNA, small interfering RNA. (rupress.org)

Surprisingly, these short single-stranded oligonucleotides (ODN) showed a similar gene correction frequency to chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide, measured using the same system. (nih.gov)

We showed that these effects were recapitulated in vitro by increasing endogenous UCP2 expression using saRNA. (aacrjournals.org)

Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)

We illustrate how this method could be employed to screen disease alleles with the set of small molecules that have been shown to alter splicing in search for therapies for splicing diseases. (nih.gov)

This system has been applied in vitro to explore changes in higher-order chromatin structure and dynamics that occur due to a variety of biological processes, such as cellular fixation, stem cell differentiation, and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. (northwestern.edu)

Rapid, low-input, low-bias construction of shotgun fragment libraries by high-density in vitro transposition. (mbl.edu)

Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. (biorxiv.org)
This is due to AAV being inherently replication-deficient, producing little or no inflammation, and causing no known human disease. (vectorbuilder.kr)

We previously showed that genotoxic stress induced an active extracellular release of nucleophosmin (NPM) in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells, and that serum deprivation provokes NPM secretion from human endothelial cells, eliciting inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcriptional activation. (frontiersin.org)
1998. Protection by extracellular glutathione against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in vitro. (cdc.gov)

U7 snRNA acts as a transcriptional regulator interacting with an inverted CCAAT sequence-binding transcription factor NF-Y". Biochim Biophys Acta. (wikipedia.org)

Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
I am a psychologist, with a former practice i n psychoneuroimmunology, studying exceptional physical healing, and a political psychologist analyzing psychological dynamics in politics, psychological manipulation of fear, nuclear proliferation, demystification, and conflict transformation. (transcend.org)

We demonstrate that relatively short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides, 25-61 bases homologous to the target sequence except for a single mismatch to the targeted base, are capable of correcting a single point mutation (G to A) in the mutant beta-galactosidase gene, in nuclear extracts, episome, and chromosome of mammalian cells, with correction rates of approximately 0.05%, 1% and 0.1%, respectively. (nih.gov)

Here we present recent advances in the development of Partial Wave Spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy extending the technique into a multimodal label-free interferometric imaging platform for measuring intracellular nanoscale structure and macromolecular dynamics in living cells with a sensitivity to macromolecules as small as 20nm and millisecond temporal resolution. (northwestern.edu)
Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)

The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located. (lookformedical.com)

Burkitt lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell lymphoma, is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8. (medscape.com)
These changes were associated with decreased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 but not degradation of IB in macrophages. (columbiagypsy.net)

During the transcription of information (its rewriting into RNA) the RNA polymerase enzyme "rides" on the DNA chain, and stops when it finds the break. (sciencedaily.com)

Like a proofreader of a text, RNA polymerase after it is stalled, triggers a cascade of reactions, resulting in the repair enzymes fixing the damaged area. (sciencedaily.com)
and levels of liver enzymes, creatinine, and anti-nuclear and anti-citrulline peptide antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Inside the cell, enzymes create RNA and DNA by facilitating the reaction of ribose with adenosine. (nih.gov)

As a result, the transcript generated from this vector does not correspond precisely to the selected non-coding RNA gene, but contains some additional sequences both upstream and downstream. (vectorbuilder.kr)

3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

Here we present an in-vitro method for screening RNA protein interactions that circumvents these problems. (nih.gov)

Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. (lookformedical.com)
Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. (lookformedical.com)

β-catenin, when translocating to and accumulating in the nucleus, induces transcription of other oncogenes involved in tumor progression, malignancy and metastasis ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

to other RNAs may initiate epige- cleus pathways. (who.int)

To identify a nuclear marker pathognomonic of astrocytic phenotype, we assessed differential RNA expression by FACS-purified adult astrocytes and, on that basis, evaluated the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 in both mouse and human brain. (jneurosci.org)
Although understanding phenotypic variation is key to the study of adaptive evolution and central to phenotype-based taxonomy, the drivers of phenotypic change and diversity in triatomines remain poorly understood.Methods/Findings We combined a detailed phenotypic appraisal (including morphology and morphometrics) with mitochondrial cytb and nuclear ITS2 DNA-sequence analyses to study Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations from across the species range. (cdc.gov)

TIME-related RNA or RNA regulators could be promising targets for anticancer immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)

The assembly of PRMT6 protein network allowed us to formulate functional hypotheses which led to the discovery of new molecular partners for the architectural transcription factor HMGA1a, a known substrate for PRMT6, and to provide evidences for a modulatory role of HMGA1a on the methyltransferase activity of PRMT6. (embl.de)
Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)

Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of AND-34 RNA and protein in lens epithelial cells, particularly at the lens equator. (molvis.org)

and unpublished results), making it possible to better address the biological function of these nuclear domains. (rupress.org)

Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)

These results show that a relatively short ODN can make a sequence-specific change in the target sequence in mammalian cells, at a similar frequency as the chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide. (nih.gov)

Biopsy findings were consistent with small noncleaved cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)

Moreover, it cannot be sacrificed as the cell's nuclear DNA is is only present in two copies. (sciencedaily.com)
The serum sample had an MAYV viral load of 1.24 × 10 7 copies/mL when in vitro-transcribed RNA from a reference plasmid was used as a quantification standard. (cdc.gov)
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. (lookformedical.com)

The lipid small fraction was prepared predicated on a normal chloroform/methanol extraction technique [57] with minimal adjustments [55]. (columbiagypsy.net)

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib hydrochloride capsules in stage III-IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (bvsalud.org)
The present study was implemented to compare the dosimetric parameters of the target dose coverage and critical structures in the treatment planning of four radiotherapy techniques [namely, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), hybrid IMRT (h-IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT)] for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) qualified plans for medical physicists, therapists and physicians. (bvsalud.org)
DRAM2 acts as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer and suppresses the expression of p53. (cancerindex.org)
Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cancerindex.org)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy for which more effective therapies are urgently needed. (cancerindex.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes84

Information Science3

Proteins7

Polymerase II promoter1

Vivo10

Molecule4

Noncoding RNAs3

Assays2

Epigenetics1

Promoter4

SnRNAs1

MiRNAs2

Gene expression6

Nucleotides3

Methylation5

Messenger RNA2

Synthesis7

Genome5

Transcripts2

Factors9

Nucleosome3

Localization1

MRNA1

SiRNA1

Oligonucleotides1

Endogenous1

Genes1

Splicing1

Cellular1

Transposition1

Replication2

Extracellular2

SnRNA1

Proliferation2

Single-stranded1

Intracellular2

Regulatory Sequences1

Translocation2

Enzyme1

Enzymes3

Upstream1

Chromosome2

Protein interactions1

Promoters2

Progression2

Pathways1

Phenotype2

Regulators1

Functional2

Epithelial1

Biological1

Transcriptional regulation1

Mammalian1

Findings1

Copies3

Lipid1

Cell lung cancer5