• In mice, Xi reactivation is known to occur in three developmental stages: In the oocyte after fertilization, the paternal X chromosome is reactivated, reversing male meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). (wikipedia.org)
  • These human complete SEMs demonstrated developmental growth dynamics that resemble key hallmarks of post-implantation stage embryogenesis up to 13-14 days after fertilization (Carnegie stage 6a). (nature.com)
  • Adenot P.G., Szollosi M.S., Geze M., Renard J.P., Debey P., Dynamics of paternal chromatin changes in live one-cell mouse embryo after natural fertilization. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Haaf T., The battle of the sexes after fertilization: behaviour of paternal and maternal chromosomes in the early mammalian embryo. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Huang J.C., Lei Z.L., Shi L.H., Miao Y.L., Yang J.W., Ouyang Y.C., Sun Q.Y., Chen D.Y., Comparison of histone modifications in in vivo and in vitro fertilization mouse embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Integrins play important roles in several reproductive processes including fertilization, embryogenesis, and implantation. (go.jp)
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI / ˈ ɪ k s i / IK -see ) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg . (wikipedia.org)
  • Pre-Implantation Diagnosis - Using current scientific methods inevitably means that if a person wants to have a child of the sex of their choice then they will need to undergo In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment. (humansfuture.org)
  • We investigated whether the insemination method ( in vitro fertilization [IVF] or intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]) affected morphokinetic events and abnormal cleavage events in embryonic development. (ecerm.org)
  • Since the first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) baby was born in 1978, IVF-ET procedures have made remarkable progress, and various assisted reproductive technologies have been implemented. (ecerm.org)
  • Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technique used to identify chromosomal genetic abnormalities in embryos created through in vitro fertilization (IVF) before pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Advancements in embryo culture, blastocyst biopsy techniques, 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening platforms, and improved genomic coverage of new sequencing platforms, such as next-generation sequencing, have made PGT safe and accessible for all patients who undergo in vitro fertilization. (medscape.com)
  • The use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), formerly known as preimplantation genetic screening or PGS, has increased in recent years, now encompassing an estimated 40% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In those men in whom spermatogenesis is blocked at the stage of round spermatids, in which meiosis has already been completed, these round cells can successfully fertilize oocytes after being injected into their cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • If all requirements for round spermatid selection and injection are successfully met, the injected oocytes develop to early embryos and can be transferred to the mother's uterus to produce pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experience in management of the infertility couple, oocytes retrieval and Embryo Transfer. (generapma.it)
  • The morphokinetics of embryo development was found to vary between IVF- and ICSI-fertilized oocytes, at least until the 6-cell stage. (ecerm.org)
  • Practically, cycle regulation, chromosome stability and epigenetic F9 cells allow for the efficient metabolic labelling of the modification, in both mouse and human oocytes SILAC reference in vitro, overcoming the difficulty of directly labelling oocytes in vivo. (gotomydoctor.com)
  • Following re-activation of the paternal X in the ICM, complete and random XCI occurs post-implantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability to study human post-implantation development remains limited owing to ethical and technical challenges associated with intrauterine development after implantation 1 . (nature.com)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • This SEM platform will probably enable the experimental investigation of previously inaccessible windows of human early post implantation up to peri-gastrulation development. (nature.com)
  • and (3) evidence of developmental dynamism relating to ability to progress, in a structurally organized manner, through morphologically characterized developmental milestones of the early post-implantation human embryo following initial aggregate formation 3 . (nature.com)
  • A model of the post-implantation human embryo derived from pluripotent stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • Stem cell-derived synthetic embryos self-assemble by exploiting cadherin codes and cortical tension. (caltech.edu)
  • Giraldo A.M., Hylan D.A., Ballard C.B., Purpera M.N., Vaught T.D., Lynn J.W., Godke R.A., Bondioli K.R., Effect of epigenetic modifications of donor somatic cells on the subsequent chromatin remodeling of cloned bovine embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Analysis of global gene expression in bovine embryos produced under different conditions can provide valuable information to optimize culture media for in vitro embryo production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fulka H., St John J.C., Fulka J., Hozak P., Chromatin in early mammalian embryos: achieving the pluripotent state. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Machine learning-assisted high-content analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived embryos in vitro. (caltech.edu)
  • Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
  • In mouse, a unidirectional demethylation process from the zygote stage to blastocyst stage is observed using either reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) or single-base resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. (nature.com)
  • The modern approach to IVF involves blastocyst culture and biopsy followed by PGT and a single embryo transfer. (medscape.com)
  • An unfertilized eggs will be removed from the women, fertilized in a petri dish and then brought to a zygote (eight cell) stage at which point cells are removed and tested using a technique know as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis or Selection (PGD/PGS). (humansfuture.org)
  • Once fertilized, the egg is transformed into a pre-embryo and it has to be transferred to the uterus to continue its development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because only unaffected embryos are transferred to the uterus for implantation, PGT is the only method available for screening embryos before pregnancy and provides an alternative to current post conception diagnostic procedures (ie, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling), which are frequently followed by the difficult decision of determining the pregnancy's disposition. (medscape.com)
  • Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
  • Compared to in vivo derived embryos, embryos produced in serum-containing medium had five times more differentially expressed genes than embryos produced in serum-free conditions (1109 vs. 207). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transcriptome of embryos produced in serum-free conditions showed a greater resemblance to that of in vivo derived embryos, although genes involved in lipid metabolism were altered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • You can select an embryo with the right chromosomes to produce the child of your chosen sex or have the embryo screened for a potential hereditary genetic disorders, or choose an embryo that is a genetic match for a sibling who already has a genetic disorder, but anything else is pure hypothesis. (humansfuture.org)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • In the inner cell mass (ICM) of the epiblast after imprinted XCI in preimplantation development, the Xi is reactivated. (wikipedia.org)
  • An in vitro stem cell model of human epiblast and yolk sac interaction. (caltech.edu)
  • Unlike XCI, XCR lacks an appropriate in vitro system for study, limiting current research to mouse embryos and in vitro stem cell reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Generation of Stem Cell-Based Mouse Embryo-Like Structures. (caltech.edu)
  • Stem-cell-based human and mouse embryo models. (caltech.edu)
  • The maintenance of transgenes in rats is reviewed with special references to embryo cryopreservation (transgene banking) and intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa or round spermatids (transgene passage). (go.jp)
  • In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
  • The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oocyte arrest at the diplotene stage is maintained in part through the activity of phosphodiesterase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into AMP [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Only healthy and normal embryos are transferred into the mother's uterus, thus diminishing invasive prenatal diagnoses, late pregnancy termination, or the birth of a child with a serious genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike in rodents, X chromosome inactivation is not observed during monkey pre-implantation development. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
  • Implantation of the human embryo leads to a number of changes in organization that are essential for gastrulation and future development 1 . (nature.com)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Braude P., Bolton V., Moore S., Human gene expression first occurs between the four- , and eight-cell stages of preimplantation development. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Howlett S.K., Reik W., Methylation levels of maternal , and paternal genomes during preimplantation development. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Mouse embryo model derived exclusively from embryonic stem cells undergoes neurulation and heart development. (caltech.edu)
  • Modeling human embryo development with embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)
  • Since the development of in vitro embryo production in cattle, different supplements have been added to culture media to support embryo development, with serum being the most popular. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the initial development of in vitro embryo production, the technique has been applied successfully to many species for clinical, commercial, and research purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early days, it was common practice to supplement culture media with serum to support embryo development in many species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is known that in the inner cell mass (the embryo proper) of mice, XCI occurs randomly, while in the extra-embryonic tissues, imprinted XCI deterministically inactivates the paternal X. In early mouse embryos, the paternal X chromosome is already partially silenced at the zygote stage by imprinted XCI, suggesting that sex-chromosome dosage compensation exists from conception. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abdalla H., Yoshizawa Y., Hochi S., Active demethylation of paternal genome in mammalian zygotes. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Adenot P.G., Mercier Y., Renard J.P., Thompson E.M., Differential H4 acetylation of paternal, maternal chromatin precedes DNA replication, and differential transcriptional activity in pronuclei of 1-cell mouse embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
  • These results strongly suggest the possibility of DNA remethylation during pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Here we report genome-wide composition, patterning, and stage-specific dynamics of DNA methylation in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos as well as male and female gametes studied using an optimized tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method. (nature.com)
  • The selection of only a few genes to check embryo quality was based on the fact that the evaluation of expression of all the genes in the genome by qPCR was a daunting task. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bellier S., Chastant S., Adenot P., Vincent M., Renard J.P., Bensaude O., Nuclear translocation , and carboxyl-terminal domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II delineate the two phases of zygotic gene activation in mammalian embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • The pathways affected by in vitro production differed depending on the type of supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serum supplementation had a major impact on the gene expression pattern of embryos, with male embryos being the most affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be transferred to a maternal uterus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aoki F., Worrad D.M., Schultz R.M., Regulation of transcriptional activity during the first , and second cell cycles in the preimplantation mouse embryo. (biologie-journal.org)
  • A total of 1,830 normal fertilized embryos were obtained from 272 IVF and ICSI cycles that underwent ovum retrieval culture using a time-lapse system (Embryoscope) from June 2013 to March 2015. (ecerm.org)
  • By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. (nature.com)
  • Clinical fellow at G.EN.E.R.A. Centre for Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Valle Giulia Clinic, Rome headed by Dr. Filippo Ubaldi, Experience in the problems related to Reproductive Medicine and Vitrification programs. (generapma.it)
  • Embryo selection based on a morphological assessment at a few points in time has several limitations for single ET. (ecerm.org)
  • Preimplantation genetic testing is an umbrella term that refers to the assessment of embryos prior to implantation or pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • 11 ] developed the first time-lapse system for studying morphokinetics in human embryos. (ecerm.org)
  • Human embryo polarization requires PLC signaling to mediate trophectoderm specification. (caltech.edu)
  • One of the best ways to address the age-associated decline in fertility is through preimplantation genetic testing. (medscape.com)
  • Two-cell stage embryos derived from the mating of transgenic rats with wild-type rats can be successfully cryopreserved by conventional two-step freezing in the presence of 10% dimethylsulfoxide. (go.jp)
  • Edwards and Gardner successfully performed the first known embryo biopsy on rabbit embryos in 1968. (medscape.com)
  • In cases of nonobstructive (secretory) azoospermia, on the other hand, testicular sperm production is blocked at different stages of the process of sperm formation (spermatogenesis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Aneuploid conceptions constitute the majority of implantation and pregnancy failures in women of advanced maternal age. (medscape.com)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • Bouniol C., Nguyen E., Debey P., Endogenous transcription occurs at the 1-cell stage in the mouse embryo. (biologie-journal.org)
  • All embryos were investigated by a detailed time-lapse analysis that measured the developmental events in the hours after IVF or ICSI insemination. (ecerm.org)
  • Observation of embryos in a time-lapse incubator can provide useful information about embryonic developmental events if images are automatically captured [ 7 8 9 10 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • The elective transfer of a single embryo has been suggested as the most efficient approach to avoid multiple pregnancies [ 4 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • PGTa allows for better embryo selection, which improves implantation rates with single embryo transfer and reduces miscarriage rates. (medscape.com)
  • Pregnancy complications such as multiple gestation, preterm or low birth weight infants can be reduced with single embryo transfers as only one embryo is transferred at a time. (medscape.com)
  • Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Endometriosis, a chronic disease of heterogeneous etiopathology affects 10% of young women and is characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrial cells. (endometriosi.it)
  • Images of the embryo provide more accurate data to guide embryo selection [ 5 6 ]. (ecerm.org)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • Kopecny V., Fléchon J.E., Camous S., Fulka J. Jr., Nucleologenesis , and the onset of transcription in the eight-cell bovine embryo: fine-structural autoradiographic study. (biologie-journal.org)
  • In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. (mdpi.com)
  • Importantly, in vitro production in the presence of serum appeared to have a different impact on the embryos according to their sex, with male embryos having three times more genes differentially expressed than their female counterparts (1283 vs. 456). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Male embryos appeared to be most affected by suboptimal in vitro culture, i.e. in the presence of serum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relative abundance of mature MIR21 was quantified at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 42 h of in vitro (IVM) with or without treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (biomedcentral.com)