• This method of activation may be used for the preparation of anti-tumor vaccines or for ex vivo activation of the cytotoxic T-cells which can then be followed by the expansion of T-cells through normal, mature dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Assessment of stem cell function in vitro as well as in vivo established that only HSCs and not investigated progenitor populations could propagate the SF3B1 mutated clone. (nih.gov)
  • Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
  • The monoclonal antibody MEL-14 blocks in vitro binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node HEV and inhibits in vivo lymphocyte extravasation into peripheral lymph nodes and the late stages of leukocyte rolling. (southernbiotech.com)
  • VBI-009, the lead CD47xB7-H3 bispecific antibody, was identified by its best overall activities across various in vitro and in vivo functional assays. (bmj.com)
  • It also demonstrates strong functional activities in vitro and efficacy in vivo on B7-H3 and CD47 positive tumor cells. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, the effect of PYCR1 interference on tumor growth was evaluated in vivo through injecting tumor cells subcutaneously into nude mice. (jcancer.org)
  • MIP-1 proteins have been reported to have multiple effects on hematopoietic precursor cells and MIP-1 alpha has been identified as a stem cell inhibitory factor that can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as well as in vivo . (rndsystems.com)
  • In this study, we explored the role of lactate shuttle induced by HK2 in cancer stem cell formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) between bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (scipedia.com)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • Recombinant chimeric viruses rescued from cDNAs were characterized for their capacity to grow in vertebrate and arthropod (mosquito and tick) cells as well as for in vivo vector competence in mosquitoes and ticks. (cdc.gov)
  • It is the in vivo situation where blood cells are worth mentioning that many of the electron- suspended in their original medium. (who.int)
  • This platform is used to produce viral vectors for gene transfer, both in vivo and in vitro. (lu.se)
  • The vectors are also used for in vivo modifications of cells, e.g. for reprogramming. (lu.se)
  • The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
  • Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • 2018). Development of bovine embryos in vitro in coculture with murine mesenchymal stem clls and embryonic fibroblasts. (sciendo.com)
  • For his doctoral thesis, Dr. Brinster developed the first reliable in vitro culture system for early mammalian embryos. (avma.org)
  • Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
  • From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
  • Conrad Hal Waddington's "Experiments on the Development of Chick and Duck Embryos, Cultivated in vitro," published in 1932 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, compares the differences in the development of birds and amphibians. (asu.edu)
  • The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Established in response to a need for in-house mouse services, the LUTCF provides expertise in cryopreservation of embryos by IVF or natural matings, sperm cryopreservation, rederivation services, strain expansion by IVF, ES morula/blastocyst injections, pronuclear DNA microinjections, and injection of CRISPR edited DNA. (lu.se)
  • This is currently the most popular method for the generation of targeted knock-out and knock-in models by ES-cell injections into 8-cell morulae and/or blastocysts of mouse embryos. (lu.se)
  • The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
  • They coaxed mouse embryonic stem cells to become cells that resembled primordial germ cells (PGCs)-an important stage in the development of both eggs and sperm. (scientificamerican.com)
  • generated haploid male gametes from mouse embryonic stem cells that can produce viable and fertile offspring, demonstrating functional reproduction of meiosis in vitro. (scientificamerican.com)
  • As a result of the study, a strategy for CRISPR/Cas9-assisted homologous recombination in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been developed to create a fully humanized Snca gene encoding α-synuclein, and the clone genome of mouse embryonic stem cells has been edited using a CRISPR technology. (eco-vector.com)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • ALECSAT (Autologous Lymphoid Effector Cells Specific Against Tumor cells) technology is a novel method of epigenetic cancer immunotherapy being used by the company CytoVac. (wikipedia.org)
  • It uses a patient's own immune system to target tumor cells in prostate cancer, glioblastomas, and potentially pancreatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood samples containing the required precursors for CD4+ helper T-cell, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell, and natural killer (NK) cell are extracted from the patient and activated before being re-administered to the patient to induce anti-tumor activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to have efficient eradication of cancer cells, the immune system cells should be able to both populate in the secondary lymphoid organs for a long-lasting effect and target a shared variety of tumor cells as opposed to one, specific cancer cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are activated to target the cells that present proteins characteristic of tumor cells Some tumor cells, however, do not present an antigen due to lack of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and therefore cannot be recognized by the CTLs. (wikipedia.org)
  • CTLs and NK cells are both effector cells so helper T-cells (Th) are also prepared in order to create memory cells for long term resistance toward tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • T helper 1 (TH1) cells, when injected with overexpressed tumor antigens, have been shown to enhance migration of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) into the draining lymph node in mice, further enhancing immune response through activation of CTLs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research carried out at the Department of Tumour Cell Biology in Copenhagen has shown that CTL clones targeting specific melanoma tumor associated antigens (gp100 and MART-1) can successfully proliferate if melanoma cell lines are carefully preselected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using this model, eradication of a human melanoma tumor by in vitro generating CTL clone was accomplished. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2001, Lorenz Studer, MD , Head of the Stem Cell and Tumor Biology Laboratory at MSKCC, and his colleagues at Rockefeller University published research in which they generated unlimited numbers of genetically matched dopamine nerve cells using cloned stem cells whose genetic material originated from the mouse's own tail. (mskcc.org)
  • We used a transplant model to determine whether CD341 cells migrate from the bone marrow to Ewing s sarcoma tumors and participate in the neovascularization process that supports tumor growth. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Seven days later, the mice were injected subcutaneously with TC71 tumor cells. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The tumor sections expressed both human VE-cadherin and mouse CD31, indicating involvement of donor-derived human cells in the tumor vessels. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The resulting VEGF165-deficient tumor cells had normal growth rates in vitro, but had delayed growth when implanted into mice. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • These data show that bone marrow stem cells contribute to the growing tumor vasculature in Ewing s sarcoma and that VEGF165 is critical for the migration of CD341 cells from the bone marrow into the tumor. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • In addition, they had ductal arrangements or plasmacytoid appearances of tumor cells and myxoid or hyaline stromata, indicating some characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oncolytic viruses have an inherent or acquired selectivity to replicate exclusively in tumor cells, ultimately destroying them. (helsinki.fi)
  • Tumor cells display a variety of antigens which have been defined by antibodies. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The stem cell-like cells of tumors are defined by their tumor-initiating capacity and may have retained these resistance mechanisms, making them resistant to chemotherapy. (knaw.nl)
  • We studied the relationship between resistance to the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan and tumor-initiating potential in human colonosphere cultures and in mice with colorectal xenograft tumors. (knaw.nl)
  • Clone- and tumor-initiating capacities were assessed by single-cell cloning and in immune-deficient mice. (knaw.nl)
  • Sensitivity to irinotecan was assessed in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice. (knaw.nl)
  • The relationship between drug resistance and tumor-initiating capacity was tested by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of colonosphere cells, based on expression of ABCB1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. (knaw.nl)
  • Inhibition of the drug-efflux pump ABCB1 by PSC-833 allowed irinotecan to eradicate tumor-initiating cells. (knaw.nl)
  • However, ABCB1 was expressed only by a subpopulation of differentiated tumor cells that did not form clones or tumors. (knaw.nl)
  • Conversely, tumor-initiating cells were ABCB1-negative and were identified by high ALDH activity. (knaw.nl)
  • Tumorigenic ALDHhigh/ABCB1negative cells generated nontumorigenic ALDHlow/ABCB1positive daughter cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts. (knaw.nl)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The resistance of colorectal tumors to irinotecan requires the cooperative action of tumor-initiating ALDHhigh/ABCB1negative cells and their differentiated, drug-expelling, ALDHlow/ABCB1positive daughter cells. (knaw.nl)
  • 1 Tumor cells, which express high level of CD47, exploit this mechanism to evade from immune surveillance. (bmj.com)
  • It exhibits potent SIRPa blocking, ADCP and ADCC activities on CD47 + /B7-H3 + tumor cells. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Our findings suggest that the novel CD47xB7-H3 bispecific antibody selectively binds to CD47 + /B7-H3 + tumor cells and has minimum RBC binding compared to the bivalent CD47 monoclonal antibodies. (bmj.com)
  • The bispecific antibody shows potent CD47/SIRPa blocking activity on B7-H3 overexpressing tumor cells. (bmj.com)
  • Studies have highlighted a role for Hexokinase 2 (HK2) in facilitating tumor growth and lactate production, which is downstream product of HK2 reaction in cancer cells. (scipedia.com)
  • Tumor cells can extrude and shuttle lactate to neighboring cancer cells, adjacent stromal cells, and vascular endothelial cells to induce signaling molecular change. (scipedia.com)
  • In mice bearing subcutaneous tumors, increased tumor growth and lung metastasis were observed in stable HK2-overexpression cancers compared with mock counterparts (survival, P = 0.034). (scipedia.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
  • Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • NEW YORK, September 21, 2003 - New research from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Cornell University, and The University of Connecticut describes a novel way of producing therapeutic nerve cells that can cure mice with Parkinson's-like disease. (mskcc.org)
  • Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
  • But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
  • Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
  • On the basis of these data, it is proposed that T-cell survival and effector responses are driven by antigen-independent, cytokine-dependent mechanisms, and that therapeutic strategies that seek to restore T-cell homeostasis rather than further depress T-cell function should be explored in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes of metronidazole (in a range of therapeutic hypoxic cells without influencing the ra- concentrations) on PMN-generated free diation response of normal well-oxygenated radicals during phagocytosis activity in cells [ 5,7-9 ]. (who.int)
  • SM-AP1-3 cells were immunopositive for keratin only, indicating their duct-epithelial or squamous cell differentiation, while SM-AP4/5 cells were positive for both keratin and S-100 protein, indicating their myoepithelial cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • Stem cell and differentiation markers were analyzed by immunoblotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. (knaw.nl)
  • 2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
  • Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
  • This chapter aims to explore this theme in more depth, beginning with an outline of the molecular events that dictate the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells at the outset of adaptive immune responses in regional lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Much of the remainder of the discussion focuses on the different ways in which, in the longer term, the chronic inflammatory process influences maturation, differentiation, and function of effector T cells at sites of inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is now good evidence that there exists a coordinated programme of molecular events initiated at the outset of T-cell differentiation that leads to the generation of CD4 + Th effector cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit compromised reconstitution capacity and differentiation-bias towards myeloid lineage, however, the molecular mechanism behind it remains not fully understood. (haematologica.org)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • Clone G146-254 has been shown to recognize in vitro translated, recombinant bacterially expressed, and endogenous B cell Fli-1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. (cellsignal.com)
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
  • To minimize the problems due to use of pure mouse antibody, researchers have used recombinant DNA techniques to create monoclonal antibodies that are part human and part mouse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
  • In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. (cellsignal.com)
  • APC Anti-Mouse CD62L antibody for use in flow cytometry assays. (southernbiotech.com)
  • binding of the RM4-5 antibody can be blocked by the clone GK1.5 antibody. (stemcell.com)
  • This antibody clone has been verified for purity assessments of cells isolated with EasySep™ kits, including EasySep™ Mouse CD4+ T Cell Isolation Kit (Catalog #19852) and EasySep™ Mouse CD25 Regulatory T Cell Positive Selection Kit (Catalog #18782). (stemcell.com)
  • Human M21 cells were stained with either PE Mouse Anti-Human Chondroitin Sulfate antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The hybridoma secreting the 9.2.27 antibody was generated using a human melanoma cell extract as the immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A panel of bispecific CD47xB7-H3 antibodies were generated and characterized by a series of in vitro assays including FACS binding, SIRPa blocking, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), red blood cells (RBC) binding and hemagglutination. (bmj.com)
  • This CD86 antibody was made by transfecting human CD86 monoclonal antibody gene-vector clones into a cell line for in vitro expression, then purifying the antibody using affinity chromatography from the tissue culture supernatant (TCS). (cusabio.com)
  • The human CD86 monoclonal antibody was produced by immunizing mice with a human CD86 synthetic peptide. (cusabio.com)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Then the DNA for some or all of the variable portion of the mouse antibody is merged with DNA for human immunoglobulin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We identified 24 common genes that were significantly altered in both PMNs and PBMCs, including genes involved in IFN signaling that were downregulated after treatment in both cell populations, and IL1R1 that was upregulated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
  • Screening for recurrently mutated genes in the mononuclear cell fraction revealed mutations in SF3B1 in 39 of 40 cases (97.5%), combined with TET2 and DNMT3A in 11 (28%) and 6 (15%) patients, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • These strains had previously been shown to produce either highly or less neuroinvasive infection and induced genes similar to corresponding highly or less neuroinvasive lineage 1 strains in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparisons between the prototype Uganda strain (B956) and a variant of this strain, which was obtained by molecular mutation (B956D117B3), showed changes in the E and NS genes, which resulted in reduced virulence in mice ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • For cytokine genes, at least three stages are thought to be required for the acquisition of transcriptional competence in T cells: an initiation phase, a commitment phase, and a phase of acute gene transcription (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then we will select clones that are resistant to damage from mutagens and oxidants, and thus may have incorporated the new genes in patterns useful for generalized cellular protection. (jax.org)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Upon transplantation into immune-deficient mice, SF3B1 mutated MDS-RS HSCs differentiated into characteristic ring sideroblasts, the hallmark of MDS-RS. (nih.gov)
  • Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
  • For example, Zhou and Zhao report that, on the basis of a genetic analysis, their artificial PGCs were similar to mouse cells at 12.5 days of development. (scientificamerican.com)
  • The resulting clones were plated on Petri dishes for propagation and a further genetic analysis. (eco-vector.com)
  • Clone 126-2F4 was found out carrying the necessary genetic modifications. (eco-vector.com)
  • Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
  • Generation of a Lineage II Powassan Virus (Deer Tick Virus) cDNA Clone: Assessment of Flaviviral Genetic Determinants of Tick and Mosquito Vector Competence. (cdc.gov)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids showed that the human gene for D2H resides on chromosome 2. (jci.org)
  • Nevertheless, as an essential assistance molecule for different cell types, the gene in the silkworm is not described. (mingsheng88.org)
  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of and improved green fluorescent proteins (EGFP) gene was synthesized in vitro by RiboMAX Huge Scale RNA Creation Systems (Promega). (mingsheng88.org)
  • To create mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of the humanized Snca gene, a previously obtained clone with the first Snca exon flanked by LoxP sites, was used. (eco-vector.com)
  • Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed consistent and reproducible overexpression of a transcript in the transformed cells compared with the nontransformed cells. (cdc.gov)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • If the mouse gene for the whole variable region is spliced next to the human constant region, the product is termed "chimeric. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the mouse gene for only the antigen-binding hypervariable regions of the variable region is used, the product is termed "humanized. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As of first of January 2022, StemTherapy and MultiPark have decided to merge the former iPSC, CRISPR and vector platforms into the new Cell and Gene Therapy Core . (lu.se)
  • The Cell and Gene Therapy core is an open-access infrastructure and our services include AAV and LV vector production, cloning services, iPS reprogramming, iPS-edits and CRISPR experimental designs. (lu.se)
  • The aim of the study was to create a genetically modified clone of mouse stem cells with a conditional knockout of humanized α-synuclein, which can be used for the reinjection into mouse blastocysts, as well as for basic and applied in vitro research in the field of pathophysiology and neuropharmacology. (eco-vector.com)
  • The RNF157 overexpression melanoma cell line was constructed by lentivirus transfection technique, and the RNF157 knockout melanoma cell line was constructed by small interfering RNA (siRNA). (c-jcm.com)
  • Materials & methods: We have isolated wild-type mesoangioblasts from aorta and tested their effectiveness in alleviating severe muscle disease in the dystrophin/utrophin knockout (mdx/utrn -l- ) mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (illinois.edu)
  • Transplanted cells in nude mice formed subcutaneous tumors, which had histological features of squamous cell carcinoma with apparent keratinizing tendencies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates in vitro that certain cell types from pleomorphic adenoma are able to clone and survive over a long term and develop subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The histological features of squamous cell carcinoma from the transplanted cell systems in nude mice might suggest a secondary onset of malignancy from a pre-existing benign adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proliferation ability of RNF157 overexpressing melanoma cells in vitro was detected by subcutaneous tumorigenesis test and immunohistochemical staining in nude mice. (c-jcm.com)
  • Overexpression of the TEF-1delta protein by transfection was oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci exhibiting anchorage-independent growth and the potential to grow as tumors in nude mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Blocking the translation of TEF-1delta with antisense TEF-1delta mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium -transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from suppression in anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis in nude mice. (cdc.gov)
  • In the 5% strength, it is also useful in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas when conventional methods are impractical, such as with multiple lesions or difficult treatment sites. (nih.gov)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animal models for cancer in FA mice used orthotopic tumors from wild type mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods Anti-B7-H3 antibodies were generated from mouse hybridoma and rabbit B cell cloning. (bmj.com)
  • After that, dendritic cells are added to the lymphocytes to induce further lymphocyte proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ewing s sarcoma cell line TC71 overexpresses vascular endothelial growth factor isoform 165 (VEGF165), a potent proangiogenic molecule that induces endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The proliferation and growth of PDAC cells were detected by Celigo analysis, MTT, and clone formation assay. (jcancer.org)
  • PYCR1 interference was able to inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • Effects of lactate exposure on cell proliferation, morphologic change and cancer stem cell phenotype were analyzed in human bladder cancer cells. (scipedia.com)
  • Stable HK2 overexpression induced cell proliferation, and showed morphologic changes with gain of cancer stem cell markers. (scipedia.com)
  • To explore the role and mechanism of RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) in melanoma cells proliferation. (c-jcm.com)
  • MTT assay and clone formation assay were used to analyze the cell proliferation ability of RNF157 overexpression melanoma cells and knockdown RNF157 melanoma cells. (c-jcm.com)
  • The results of MTT assay and colony formation assay showed that overexpression of RNF157 could promote the proliferation of melanoma cells, and knockdown RNF157 could inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells. (c-jcm.com)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Monoclonal Anti-MUC1 (mouse IgG1 isotype) is derived from the hybridoma 1D1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with semi-purified MUC1 from pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The lymphocytes are frozen and the monocytes are differentiated into dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • After 6 days, the lymphocytes are mixed with dendritic cells and incubated for eight days. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
  • CD4 is expressed at relatively high levels by most thymocytes and a subpopulation of T cells (T helper/inducer cells), and at lower levels on dendritic cells. (stemcell.com)
  • CD86, also known as B7-2, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is typically found on APCs such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. (cusabio.com)
  • However, the unusual phenotype of synovial T cells, including their profound proliferative hyporesponsiveness to TCR ligation, has challenged the notion that T-cell effector responses are driven by cognate cartilage antigens in inflamed synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
  • cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
  • Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. (jcancer.org)
  • However, the results of detailed phenotypic and functional analyses of chronically activated T cells derived from inflamed joints are difficult to reconcile with traditional models of cartilage-antigen-driven inflammatory disease in patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Five different subunits (1C4, ) have been cloned, and functional glycine receptors are pentameric receptors, either homomers or heteromers. (gasyblog.com)
  • In this study, we have investigated the functional characteristics of glycine receptors in the narrow-field AII amacrine cell. (gasyblog.com)
  • F-10 Ham supports the growth of human diploid cells, white blood cells for chromosomal analysis, and primary explants of rat, rabbit, and chicken tissues. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Stem cells of normal tissues have resistance mechanisms that allow them to survive genotoxic insults. (knaw.nl)
  • Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
  • Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • ESCs are immortal, but develop into normal tissues, including germ cells, after injection into an early embryo. (jax.org)
  • Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
  • The macrophage inflammatory proteins -1 alpha and -1 beta were originally co-purified from medium conditioned by an LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. (rndsystems.com)
  • ABSTRACT The in vitro effects of metronidazole on the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were studied by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. (who.int)
  • They are preferentially expressed by a variety of adenocarcinomas, including breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic carcinomas as well as malignant plasma cells of multiple myelomas. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In our previous study, we proposed a concept of focal carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma which is an advanced stage of accumulated atypical cells with P53 over-expressions as an initial stage or a latent form of apparent carcinomas secondarily arising in pleomorphic adenoma [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The diagnosis should be established prior to treatment, since this method has not been proven effective in other types of basal cell carcinomas. (nih.gov)
  • Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
  • fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)
  • While in agreement with previous studies, little or no evidence for clonal ( SF3B1 mutation) involvement could be found in mature B cells, consistent involvement at the pro-B-cell progenitor stage was established, providing definitive evidence for SF3B1 mutations targeting lymphomyeloid HSCs and compatible with mutated SF3B1 negatively affecting lymphoid development. (nih.gov)
  • It did not react with fetal melanocytes, neuroblastoma LA-N-1 cells or a variety of carcinoma, lymphoid, and fibroblastoid cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Classical definitions of memory T cells derive from the belief that T cells localize and recirculate predominantly throughout the blood and secondary lymphoid organs ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate expressed on M21 human melanoma cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Clone 9.2.27 has been shown to react with human melanoma cells, glioma cells, and proliferating brain endothelial cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Although an sgRNA design consisting of a truncated crRNA and tracrRNA had been previously shown to mediate efficient cleavage in vitro 12 , it failed to achieve detectable cleavage at several loci that were efficiently modified by crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes bearing identical guide sequences 1 . (cdc.gov)
  • Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
  • Expression of CD62L on lymphocytes and neutrophils is rapidly down-regulated upon cell activation and the level of CD62L expression, along with other markers, distinguishes naive T cells from effector/memory T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Ontogeny of lymphocyte homing receptor expression in the mouse thymus. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Up-regulation of leukocyte CXCR4 expression by sulfatide: an L-selectin-dependent pathway on CD4 + T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • However, the wide expression of CD47 on normal cells could cause safety issues, such as anemia and thrombocytopenia. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we observed that the expression of pseudouridine (Ψ) synthase 10 is increased in aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and enforced protein of Ψ synthase 10 (PUS10) recapitulates the phenotype of aged HSC, which is not achieved by its Ψ synthase activity. (haematologica.org)
  • RNA interference was used to inhibit the expression of PYCR1 in PANC- 1 and AsPC-1 cells. (jcancer.org)
  • The HK2 expression was significantly higher in bladder cancers compared with normal cells. (scipedia.com)
  • High HK2 expression in bladder cancers induced oversecretion of lactate, which was associated with metastatic behaviors through the cancer stem cell formation, EMT promotion and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated NF-κB and Twist1. (scipedia.com)
  • CD86 expression is modest in resting B cells, but it rises in response to BCR, CD40, IL-4R, LPS receptor, or 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. (cusabio.com)
  • A 31-kDa protein was detected in eukaryotic cells transfected with an expression vector containing the TEF-1delta cDNA. (cdc.gov)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
  • a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)
  • However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
  • Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
  • BALB/c mouse splenocytes were stained with Rat Anti-Mouse CD62L-APC (SB Cat. (southernbiotech.com)
  • The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium -induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis were investigated using Balb/c-3T3 cells transformed with cadmium chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • CD341 bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into endothelial and hematopoietic cells. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
  • Chemically inducing this antigen in T-cells by DNA demethylation allows the immune system to recognize a wide range of tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
  • Variation of SCE frequencies was observed, however, between the different hybrid clones, and most hybrids showed consistently less SCE per chromosome than the corresponding parental cell types did under similar growth conditions. (biologists.com)
  • Clone G146-254 was raised against a bacterially expressed Fli-1 ets domain fusion protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In order to evaluate the role of this protein in human inherited diseases such as cystinuria, we have isolated a human D2 clone (D2H) by low stringency screening of a human kidney cDNA library using the radiolabeled D2 insert as a probe. (jci.org)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of transgenic A549 cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (A549-N protein) (left, positive) or SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein (A549-E protein) (right, negative), using SARS-CoV-1/2 Nucleocapsid Protein (1C7C7) Mouse mAb (green), DyLight ™ 554 Phalloidin #13054 (red), and DAPI #4083 (blue). (cellsignal.com)
  • CD47/SIRPa axis is an important checkpoint of innate immune system, CD47 interacts with its ligand signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPa) on myeloid cells, conveys a 'don't eat me' signal and blocks macrophage mediated phagocytosis. (bmj.com)
  • The ideal candidate for the position will have a strong background in in vitro biochemistry using recombinantly purified protein complexes. (vacancyedu.com)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)
  • The fusion proteins was purified by HisTrap Horsepower column (GE Health care) and utilized to CHR2797 supplier create polyclonal antibodies in mice (AbMax Biotechnology, Beijing, China). (mingsheng88.org)
  • Additionally, the MIP-1 proteins have been reported to have chemoattractant and adhesive effects on lymphocytes, with MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta preferentially attracting CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
  • Lineage 1 viruses that have phenotypes of reduced virulence in mice and inefficient growth in culture have been identified in Mexico. (cdc.gov)
  • All recurrent mutations identified in mononuclear cells could be tracked back to the phenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in all investigated patients and were also present in downstream myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • Further transcriptomic analysis of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs from patients with acute brucellosis before treatment initiation and after successful treatment revealed a positive correlation of the molecular signature of active disease with pathways associated with response to interferons (IFN). (frontiersin.org)
  • The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
  • The cells that do not present an antigen are targeted by activated NK cells, leaving little opportunity for any cancer cells to escape. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD4 binds to a non-polymorphic region of MHC II and acts as a co-receptor to the T cell receptor (TCR) in MHC II-restricted antigen recognition by enhancing the avidity of the association between the TCR and MHC II-antigen complex. (stemcell.com)
  • T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the mouse, CD62L is expressed on most thymocytes and on peripheral leukocytes, including B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. (southernbiotech.com)
  • A cell-surface molecule involved in organ-specific homing of lymphocytes. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: evidence of a common molecular mechanism shared by neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other leukocytes. (southernbiotech.com)
  • T-cell-receptor-independent activation of cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediated through CD44 and gp90 MEL-14 . (southernbiotech.com)
  • Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human kidney cDNA involved in cystine, dibasic, and neutral amino acid transport. (jci.org)
  • We have recently cloned, sequenced, and characterized a rat kidney cDNA (D2) that stimulates cystine as well as dibasic and neutral amino acid transport. (jci.org)
  • In this report, a cDNA clone of a flavivirus that is transmitted between ticks and vertebrates (Powassan lineage II, deer tick virus [DTV]) was generated and chimeric viruses between the mosquito/vertebrate flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), were constructed. (cdc.gov)
  • Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
  • The fact that the resulting cell could be injected into an egg and produce a viable animal is a stringent test," says Allan Spradling, a reproductive biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Baltimore, Maryland. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Herein, the variants of ZIKV within the male reproductive tract and ejaculates were assessed in inoculated mice. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • Furthermore, experiments using mice demonstrated marked differences in neuroinvasive phenotype that did not correlate with lineage, which suggests that highly and less neuroinvasive phenotypes exist in both lineages ( 2 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Substitution of cysteine at position 102 with serine (Cys102Ser) led to the formation of a temperature-sensitive phenotype at 41°C as well as attenuation of the neuroinvasive and neurovirulent phenotypes in mice ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • An idea just in the planning stage is to select embryonal stem cells (ESCs) in vitro for phenotypes that may retard aging. (jax.org)
  • The relationship between the 'spontaneous' frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and tumorigenicity was studied in a series of hybrids between a C57BL melanoma cell line and diploid cells, but no correlation was found between the 2 variables. (biologists.com)
  • Stable HK2-overexpression and -knockdown clones were also examined for their effects on EMT, lactate secretion, NF-κB phosphorylation and CD133 activity in vitro and mouse models. (scipedia.com)
  • In addition, lactate exposure enhanced CD133 activity in vitro. (scipedia.com)
  • We investigated the origin of SF3B1 mutations within the bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartments in patients with MDS-RS. (nih.gov)
  • Cell culture propagation of ZIKV could significantly affect animal model development and vaccine efficacy studies. (cdc.gov)
  • The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 7. Diamant E, Keren Z, Melamed D. CD19 regulates positive selection and maturation in B lymphopoiesis: lack of CD19 imposes developmental arrest of immature B cells and consequential stimulation of receptor editing. (southernbiotech.com)
  • The in vitro clonogenic survival of the Fanca-/- clone 6 cancer cell line was consistent with the FA genotype. (bvsalud.org)
  • The animal survival and lung metastasis were assessed in a mouse subcutaneous model using TSGH8301 cells with HK2-overexpression clones. (scipedia.com)
  • In subsequent studies, ZIKV E-330L was less pathogenic in mice than ZIKV E-330V as evident by increased average survival times. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. (sciendo.com)
  • Transgenic A549 cells were generously provided by Dr. Elena Piskounova, Weill Cornell Medicine. (cellsignal.com)
  • 1993. In vitro percutaneous absorption and metabolism in man of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine (atrazine). (cdc.gov)
  • Ham′s Nutrient Mixtures are developed to support the clonal growth of several clones like Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clones of HeLa, and mouse L-cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Introduction tions of T-cell derived IL-2R are increased in mixed lymphocyte cultures. (who.int)
  • The radiosensitizing property of metro- tions in vitro (in the absence of ionizing nidazole may be related to its electron af- radiation). (who.int)