Vitro meiosis in vitro oocyte maturation techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

It can be offered to women with infertility problems, combined with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), offering women pregnancy without ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
In 1935, Pincus & Enzmann did the first experiment on immature rabbit oocyte, showing in vitro spontaneous maturation and fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
During ovulation, the primary oocyte will resume meiosis in response to signals, arresting in metaphase meiosis II, ready for fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves combining an egg and sperm within a laboratory setting to create an embryo. (ivf.net)
IVF.net is a worldwide resource dedicated to scientists working in the field of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). (ivf.net)
[10] Meiosis then proceeds to second metaphase, where it pauses again until fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
The final maturation of oocytes induced by a "trigger" is a crucial step with the potential to affect in vitro fertilization outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
بهینه سازی شرایط کشت سلول برای بهبود رشد و بلوغ تخمک در IVM (In Vitro Maturation) در شرایط کشت داخل آزمایشگاهی IVF(In Vitro Fertilization) امروزه مورد توجه بسیاری از محققین قرار گرفته است، اما مکانیسم بهبود کیفیت کاملا درک نشده است. (magiran.com)
SECM technique may be a valuable tool for accurately assessing the quality of embryos and thereby contribute to improving outcomes associated with assisted reproduction, including human in vitro fertilization. (bioone.org)
Usage of melatonin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures has been found to improve oocyte quality, survival, and fecundity. (jrhm.org)
Quality control in human in vitro fertilization. (shengsci.com)
The implementation of suitable quality control (QC) is not only required for the accreditation of a human in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory, but is also fundamental to its success. (shengsci.com)
No statistically significant differences in the mean number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate and pregnancy rate per cycle were observed between groups. (biomedcentral.com)
To ascertain whether the Kunming (KM) mouse is an available model for age-related decline in female fertility in human or not, oocytes from young (6-8 weeks), middle-aged (9 months) and aged (12 months) female mice were compared with respect to number of oocytes, frequency of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and meiotic chromosome segregation and alignment. (cambridge.org)
Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI / ˈ ɪ k s i / IK -see ) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg . (wikipedia.org)
Round spermatid injection (ROSI) is a technique of assisted reproduction whereby a round spermatid is injected into oocyte cytoplasm in order to achieve fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
When it comes to eggs, though, the success of in vitro fertilization has created a demand far exceeding supply. (discovermagazine.com)
Oocytes are highly specialized cells that undergo the unique processes of meiosis and fertilization and execute a molecular program for development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, to date, an effective and simple proxy of oocyte quality parameters has not been established yet making difficult for an accurate assessment of the female gamete quality before fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
In the oocyte, mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism providing energy for successful cytoplasm and nucleus maturation, fertilization, embryo development, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis initiation. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA-seq analysis revealed aberrant mRNA persistence in Pabpn1l KO-MII oocytes, which indicates impaired mRNA degradation during the germinal vesicle (GV) to MII transition. (go.jp)
This protocol consists of a culture method that can be mainly divided into four periods: primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) derivation, primary oocyte differentiation (in vitro differentiation: IVDi), oocyte growth to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (in vitro growth: IVG) and oocyte maturation (in vitro maturation: IVM). (researchsquare.com)
The mean number of ovarian follicles, ovarian germinal vesicle oocytes and ovulated MII oocytes decreased significantly with maternal age. (cambridge.org)
Significant reduction of germinal vesicle (GV) and MII oocytes and significant increase of metaphase chromosome misalignment and premature chromatid segregation after meiotic maturation of oocytes, similar to human, presumably contribute to the decline in aged KM mice. (cambridge.org)
Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)
The germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) is a landmark event of oocyte maturation. (cambridge.org)
In our previous studies, we found that zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) was strongly concentrated in the nuclear region of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes and interacted with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1) and lamin A to promote GVBD. (cambridge.org)

Assisted Reproductive technology encompasses all techniques involving ovarian stimulation to produce high-quality oocytes and manipulation of both oocytes and sperm in vitro to produce embryos for the purpose of reproduction. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)
4 Of note, PGCLCs gave rise to sperm and oocytes by transplantation into neonatal testes and adult ovaries, respectively, 4,5 which means that PGCLCs have the potential to give rise to functional gametes. (researchsquare.com)
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
The acrosomal cap of the head of the sperm breaks down, releasing enzymes that dissolve the zona pellucida locally allowing the spermatozoon to enter the oocyte (Figure 10.4). (pediagenosis.com)
Bedford S J, Kurokawa M, Hinrichs K, Fissore R A(2003), Intracellular calcium oscillations and activation in horse oocytes injected with stallion sperm extracts or spermatozoa. (rfgi.fr)
In terms of insemination, ICSI needs only one sperm cell per oocyte , while IVF needs 50,000-100,000. (wikipedia.org)

Of these primordial follicles, only around 400 mature oocytes are released and could be potentially fertilised, with the rest undergoing atresia. (wikipedia.org)
We have recently established a novel culture system in which mouse pluripotent stem cells differentiate to mature oocytes in a manner similar to oogenesis in vivo. (researchsquare.com)
They must inject themselves daily for four weeks with large doses of hormones to encourage their ovaries to produce numerous mature oocytes while simultaneously suppressing the normal menstrual cycle, which would eject the eggs into the fallopian tubes. (discovermagazine.com)
at the same time, others are learning how to mature oocytes outside the body. (discovermagazine.com)

Choi Y H, Love L B, Varner D D, Hinrichs K. (2006), Blastocyste development in equine oocytes with low meiotic competence after suppression of meiosis with roscovitine prior to in vitro maturation. (rfgi.fr)
To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, its estimation is predominantly based on morphological analysis, which is subjective and does not consistently reflect the developmental competence of the oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
however, it is not per se sufficient to assure oocyte developmental competence [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro maturation (IVM) is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Primordial follicles containing the primary oocyte, arrested at prophase of meiosis I, develop into primary follicle containing cuboidal granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
If without the use of priming, oocytes are obtained when the largest follicles are around 10mm in size. (wikipedia.org)
biopsied human ovarian tissue and achieved a 10% rate of maturation from unilaminar follicles into metaphase II by a multi-step culture system: 8 days of culture in a serum-free medium 8 days of culture in a serum-free medium with activin A 4 days of culture on membranes with activin A and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (wikipedia.org)
As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Beginning on day 4 of culture, we observed significantly higher follicular and oocyte growth rates in follicles co-cultured with AOECs compared with follicles on gel or matrigel. (biomedcentral.com)
This model is a novel platform for the in vitro maturation of early follicles and for the future exploration of endothelial-follicular communication. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro development of early follicles necessitates a complex interplay of growth factors and signals required for development. (biomedcentral.com)
These drawbacks could be overcome by the ability to mature early follicles in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)

The low maturation rate of oocytes is an important reason for female infertility and failure of assisted pregnancy. (cambridge.org)

They showed maturation occurs in isolation from normal follicular environment. (wikipedia.org)
Although GnRH agonists induce a more physiological gonadotropin surge for follicular maturation, they have been associated with luteal phase deficiency. (bvsalud.org)
Further, melatonin and its receptors play a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanism of ovary for follicular growth and maturation. (jrhm.org)
Prior to the onset of menopause (10-15 y), menstrual cycles shorten and rapid follicular loss occurs because more oocytes are being recruited. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of activated ovarian endothelial cells in early in-vitro follicular development. (biomedcentral.com)
Duplicating the complex interaction of growth factors, cellular and hormonal signals required for follicular development and oocyte maturation in vitro is challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
In affected ovaries, oxygenation of follicular fluid is low, ultrastructural disturbances especially of mitochondria, occur in granulosa cells and oocytes, and considerable disturbances of meiosis occur. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, measuring the temperature of reproductive organs could be a useful method for predicting estrus and ovulation in cows, and the establishment of a non-invasive technique is required. (go.jp)
With ovulation the secondary oocyte (or ovum) is expelled from the follicle on the ovary surface. (pediagenosis.com)

Through in vitro maturation, folliculogenesis and latter parts of oogenesis are being mimicked outside of the ovaries- trying to recreate the conditions for these processes. (wikipedia.org)
From the opening of the book the reader is lead on a fantastic voyage from the formation of the primordial oocyte to the development of the early embryo, passing through crucial processes of oogenesis, such as co-ordination of oocyte and follicle growth, gene expression and organelle reorganization during growth and maturation, epigenetic mechanisms, regulation of meiosis, totipotency, cell polarity, oogenesis in vitro and maternal regulation of early development. (ivf.net)
oocytogenesis , ootidogenesis , and finally maturation to form an ovum (oogenesis proper). (wikipedia.org)
Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes , a process called oocytogenesis . (wikipedia.org)
Oogenesis incorporates a unique sequence of differentiation processes, during which biologically significant events such as meiosis and oocyte growth are orchestrated with communication to surrounding somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)
Indeed, efforts have been made to reconstitute in vitro oogenesis, 1-3 though none of them succeeded in the production of functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we established a culture system in which the entire process of oogenesis is reconstituted in a dish, yielding in vitro-generated oocytes that are capable of full-term development to healthy pups. (researchsquare.com)

This is the final maturation step of the spermatozoa. (pediagenosis.com)

It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. (cambridge.org)
Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In each process, a robust number of mouse oocytes can be generated in a dish. (researchsquare.com)
It was found that FIGNL1, a member of MTSPs, was predominantly expressed in mouse oocytes and distributed at the spindle poles during meiosis in the present study. (cambridge.org)

The best oocytes are chosen to be matured in the hope of then being implanted using in vitro fertilisation techniques. (wikipedia.org)

The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
This study may be an important supplement for the mechanism of oocyte meiotic resumption and provide new diagnostic targets and treatment clues for infertility patients with oocyte maturation disorder. (cambridge.org)

Oogonia enter meiosis during embryonic development, becoming oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
We also revealed that the exogenous expression of Pabpn1l mRNA in KO-GV oocytes recovered defects of embryonic development. (go.jp)
PABPN1L is partly indispensable for female fertility in mice, owing to its necessity for embryonic development, which is supported by mRNA degradation during GV to MII maturation. (go.jp)

Human chorionic gonadotropin has traditionally been used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone to induce final oocyte maturation and meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, brief exposure during puberty may induce silent oocyte disruption, which could in turn lead to decreased fecundity rates. (biomedcentral.com)

In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
FOXO3 is considered one of the molecules responsible for the dormancy of primordial oocytes in adult ovaries. (go.jp)

Oocytes are classified depending on their condition, such as number of cumulus cells. (wikipedia.org)
The oocyte is surrounded by cumulus cells (also termed the corona radiata) from the follicle and spermatozoa must break through this outer layer to reach the oocyte itself (Figure 10.3). (pediagenosis.com)

In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)

Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)

Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)

The decline in the number of oocytes begins at 20 weeks' gestation when the female fetus has approximately 6-7 million oogonia (largest lifetime endowment). (medscape.com)

The second polar body receives little cytoplasm, allowing the definitive oocyte to maintain its size. (pediagenosis.com)
In those men in whom spermatogenesis is blocked at the stage of round spermatids, in which meiosis has already been completed, these round cells can successfully fertilize oocytes after being injected into their cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)

The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)

In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. (mdpi.com)

Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)

Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)

Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. (cambridge.org)

The dominant follicle contains the mature oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The oocytes compete with one another to become the dominant follicle and eventually ovulate to be released as an egg capable of being fertilized. (medscape.com)

A small number of primordial oocytes start to grow, while others remain quiescent. (go.jp)
These quiescent primordial oocytes are activated, perhaps by certain mechanisms involving the interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors, to enter the growth phase. (go.jp)

Cycle fecundability decreases as the number of oocytes decreases. (medscape.com)
The number of oocytes decreases to approximately 2-3 million at birth and decreases again to 300,000 by the time of puberty. (medscape.com)

Our aim was to assess whether adding a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to hCG trigger improves oocyte maturation and the number of high-grade embryos in GnRH antagonist IVF cycles. (bvsalud.org)
In this paper, we describe a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique that is a non-invasive and sensitive method for measuring oxygen consumption by individual embryos. (bioone.org)
This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be transferred to a maternal uterus. (wikipedia.org)
If all requirements for round spermatid selection and injection are successfully met, the injected oocytes develop to early embryos and can be transferred to the mother's uterus to produce pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)

The number and quality of a woman's oocytes declines with age. (medscape.com)

After the onset of puberty and menses, the female human ovary recruits at least 30-50 oocytes during each menstrual cycle. (medscape.com)

However, little is known about the roles of PABPs in oocytes because of the unique mechanisms of mRNA metabolism in oocytes. (go.jp)
Many investigations have been designed to gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying oocyte quality based on a differential analysis applied to molecular, biochemical, transcriptomic, or proteomic data. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite several recent studies investigating molecular markers related to oocyte quality, methods currently available for their determination pose various technical challenges and limitations. (biomedcentral.com)

Gasic, S., Mihola, O. & Trachtulec, Z. Prdm9 deficiency of rat oocytes causes synapsis among non-homologous chromosomes and aneuploidy. (cuni.cz)

Even though many technical aspects of ROSI are similar to those of ICSI, there are also significant differences between both techniques. (wikipedia.org)
[2] The microinjection procedure for ROSI also differs slightly from that of ICSI, since additional stimuli are needed to ensure proper oocyte activation after spermatid injection. (wikipedia.org)

nuclear maturation of equine oocytes. (rfgi.fr)
In vitro nuclear maturation of compact and expanded equine oocytes treated with Roscovitine. (rfgi.fr)
Galli, C. (2005), Somatic cell nuclear transfer in horses: effect of oocyte morphology, embryo reconstruction method and donor cell type. (rfgi.fr)
Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
AIPL1 was also proved to accumulate in the GV region of oocytes, and ZP3 deletion can significantly inhibit the aggregation of AIPL1 in the nuclear region. (cambridge.org)

When a spermatozoon succeeds in this it encounters the zona pellucida surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte and insulating it from the external environment. (pediagenosis.com)

The oocytes are then cultured in media containing nutrients important for oocyte survival, such as gonadotrophins, growth factors and steroids. (wikipedia.org)
Through its growth and maturation, it reaches extreme levels of specialization, while maintaining at the same time a condition of totipotency. (ivf.net)
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of brief, intense exposure to tobacco smoke on granulosa cell number, oocyte growth, and follicle size during puberty in female Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)
When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
Precocious maturation of males, already predominant in the fish stock (up to 70%), results in non-marketable fish due to the fact that growth and feed utilization are negatively affected by the energy invested in the production of gametes. (biomedcentral.com)

Male European seabass, already predominant (~ 70%) in cultured stocks, show a high incidence (20-30%) of precocious sexual maturation under current aquaculture practices, leading to important economic losses for the industry. (biomedcentral.com)
In seabass aquaculture, the high incidence (20 to 30%) of precocious sexual maturation in males during the first year of life places a critical restraint to production parameters. (biomedcentral.com)

The secondary oocyte was paused partway through meiosis II (see Chapter 9). (pediagenosis.com)

Several physiological parameters, such as viability, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have been also reported as useful markers of oocyte quality in marine invertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
In view of the known modulation of reproductive development by swimming exercise in other teleost species, we aimed at investigating the effects of sustained swimming on reproductive development in seabass males during the first year of life in order to determine if swimming could potentially reduce precocious sexual maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)

Li X, Morris LHA & Allen WR (2002) In vitro development of horse oocytes reconstructed with the nuclei of fetal and adult cells. (rfgi.fr)

When ZP3 is knocked down, lamin A will be partially transferred to the nucleus of oocytes. (cambridge.org)

We think that primordial oocytes in adult mammals are different from those in neonatal mammals. (go.jp)
The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)
However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the role of MTSPs in female meiosis in mammals. (cambridge.org)

Donors must regularly undergo ultrasound and blood tests to monitor their developing oocytes. (discovermagazine.com)

Therefore, in future, melatonin can be implicated as preferable therapeutic especially in IVF and assisted reproductive techniques. (jrhm.org)

However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) play roles in mRNA maturation, translational activity, and decay. (go.jp)

Anatomy6

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes4

Fertilization25

Germinal vesicle7

Sperm8

Mature oocytes4

Competence4

Follicles11

Rate of oocytes1

Follicular7

Ovulation2

Oogenesis7

Final maturation1

Mammalian oocyte2

Mouse oocytes2

Fertilisation1

Meiotic resumption2

Embryonic development3

Induce2

Ovaries2

Cumulus cells2

Vivo2

Ovum1

Embryo development1

Oogonia1

Cytoplasm2

Granulosa cells2

Porcine1

Occurs1

Prophase1

Spindle poles1

Dominant follicle2

Quiescent2

Decreases2

Embryos4

Woman's1

Menstrual cycle1

Mechanisms2

Methods1

Chromosomes1

ICSI2

Nuclear5

Zona pellucida1

Growth5

Aquaculture2

Secondary1

Species2

Processes1

Fetal1

Nucleus1

Mammals3

Undergo1

Reproductive1

Proteins2