• companion IHC diagnostic assays for atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, respectively) in a population-based cohort of 232 early-stage TNBC patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • While different methods exist to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy products, more efficient and robust in vitro assays are still required to ensure their safety and consistency. (technologynetworks.com)
  • While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
  • We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of high and low avidity populations. (bmj.com)
  • In the transplant population, antigen assays or PCR is used (sometimes in conjunction with cytopathology) for diagnosis and treatment determinations. (medscape.com)
  • The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)
  • Restitution of miR122 in BCLC9 cells, decreases cell proliferation rate and reduces significantly tumor size in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Treatment of miR122 positive cells with an inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation, abolished tumor dormancy program and recovered cell proliferation rate through a Smad-independent TGF-β response. (oncotarget.com)
  • The kinetics of cellular proliferation in normal and malignant tissues. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The relationships of the kinetics of cellular proliferation are investigated using a method whereby surgical biopsy specimens are labeled with nucleic acid precursors in vitro, but under conditions in which the incorporation of the label occurs only in the cells which were synthesizing DNA and RNA in the patient, thereby providing a pattern of labeling similar to that obtained by in vivo methods. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'The kinetics of cellular proliferation in normal and malignant tissues. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The anti-CD3 moiety of the BsAb bound to the T cell surface and stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of T cells in PBMCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extracellular ST6GAL1, present in cancer exosomes or the freely soluble recombinant sialyltransferase, compensates for insufficient intrinsic ST6GAL1 by boosting cancer cell proliferation and increasing invasiveness. (nature.com)
  • Our data indicate that extracellular ST6GAL1 from remote sources can compensate for cellular ST6GAL1-mediated aggressive tumor cell proliferation and invasive behavior and has great clinical potential for extracellular ST6GAL1 as these molecules are in the extracellular space should be easily accessible targets. (nature.com)
  • Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
  • In contrast, TGF-beta 1, another bifunctional regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cell growth, completely blocked SCF plus IL-7-induced proliferation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • It is hard to preserve the important characteristics such as proliferation capacity and stemness of MSCs the inadequate cultivating microenvironment in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade-combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • carotenoids extracted from apple have been found to inhibit drug resistant cancer cell line proliferation. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Serotonergic biosynthesis in the endocrine pancreas, of which the islets of Langerhans is the major constituent, has been implicated in insulin release and β cell proliferation. (snmjournals.org)
  • Several neurotransmitter systems present in the central nervous system, such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, are expressed also in the islets of Langerhans ( 1 , 2 ), and serotonin in particular has been implicated in insulin secretion ( 3 , 4 ) and β cell proliferation during pregnancy ( 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • As well as IDO1, IDO2 has been reported in Treg differentiation in vitro, suggesting a role in tolerance maintenance. (wikipedia.org)
  • miR122 is the prevalent miRNA in adult healthy liver and it is responsible for liver stem cell differentiation towards hepatocyte lineage. (oncotarget.com)
  • HCC stem-like cells can be directed towards cell differentiation and tumor dormancy by restoring miR122 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Be it for development, differentiation, stemness, or sex chromosome dosage compensation, stable, cell specific regulation of gene expression is essential for normal function ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Indeed, early cancer research focused on the fact that neoplastic cells have aberrant gene expression and differentiation states, pointing to shared mechanisms between normal development and cancer ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In phase 2 (Donor-T-cell activation, differentiation, and migration), the infused donor T lymphocytes are responsible for triggering GVHD and proliferate after activation by the recipient antigens expressed on host cells. (medscape.com)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • During phase 1 (Afferent phase), tissue injured by chemotherapy and irradiation releases proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, which subsequently increases expression of adhesion molecules, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, and costimulatory molecules. (medscape.com)
  • Further functional analyses revealed enhanced degranulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) potently enhances in vitro macrophage production from primitive murine hematopoietic progenitor cells in combination with stem cell factor and interleukin-7: novel stimulatory role of p55 TNF receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a bifunctional regulator of hematopoiesis, and its cellular responses are mediated by two distinct cell surface receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • One mechanism of NK cell anti-tumor activity is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced via Fc receptor (CD16) binding to antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
  • 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT complemented 18 F-FDG PET/CT in imaging melphalan therapy response in preclinical extramedullary MM. 18 F-FDOPA uptake was linked to LAT1 expression and melphalan response, with longitudinal imaging suggesting stabilization of LAT1 levels and melphalan tumor cytotoxicity. (snmjournals.org)
  • Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
  • In vitro studies showed that Tet lo exhibits higher cytotoxicity than Tet hi . (bmj.com)
  • Early studies on the transfer of unmodified autologous or allogeneic NK cells have established their clinical safety and demonstrated modest anti-tumor efficacy. (maxcyte.com)
  • Patients homozygous for a natural CD16 polymorphism, CD16-158V which displays higher IgG1 and IgG3 affinity, have improved clinical outcomes upon anti-tumor therapeutic antibody treatment. (maxcyte.com)
  • Only 10% of the human population is homozygous for this polymorphism, suggesting that genetic manipulation of NK cells to express CD16-158V prior to adoptive transfer may improve clinical success not only of NK cell therapies but also anti-tumor IgG1 antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
  • Establish overexpression of high-affinity CD16 on NK cells as a potential combination therapy for improving ADCC activity of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
  • New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • It appears that no matter what part of apple is studied, it has anti-tumor properties. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Apple cider vinegar, for instance, has been found to contain an anti-tumor compound which results from the acetic acid fermentative process known as alpha-glycan . (greenmedinfo.com)
  • PD-L1 IHC positivity and abundance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were of positive prognostic value in univariable regression analyses in patients treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, where it was strongest for 22C3 CPS ≥ 10 and distant relapse-free interval (HR = 0.18, p = 0.019). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, PD-L1 status was not independently prognostic when adjusting for abundance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in multivariable analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Malignant lymphoma - mixed small and large cell: (single agent) 40 to 50 mg/kg IV in divided doses over 2 to 5 days OR 10 to 15 mg/kg IV every 7 to 10 days OR 3 to 5 mg/kg IV twice weekly. (wikidoc.org)
  • Malignant lymphoma - mixed small and large cell: (single agent) oral cyclophosphamide is usually administered at dosages in the range of 1 to 5 mg/kg/day for both initial and maintenance dosing. (wikidoc.org)
  • Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant challenge as malignant cells use different mechanisms to resist chemotherapy. (preprints.org)
  • This article focuses mainly on nonmelanoma skin cancers, with an emphasis on rare benign and malignant epithelial, dermal, and adnexal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • As with all tumors, whether benign or malignant, the paradigm of comprehension depends on identifying the cell or cell layer of origin. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • With antikeratin antibodies, the clear cell acanthomas stain for AE1 and AE3, but did not stain for CAM5.2. (medscape.com)
  • Extending these promising findings to solid tumors faces substantial hurdles from drug uptake to clinical trial design. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Improved consciousness of the commonly used PAM50 subtyping scheme will aid in our understanding and interpretation of breast tumors that have seemingly conflicting PAM50 classification when compared to clinical biomarkers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Importantly, no major changes in NK cell phenotype, as measured by expression of 15 inhibitory or activating surface receptors, were observed following electroporation with CD16-158V mRNA. (maxcyte.com)
  • The binding of specific T cell receptors (TCR) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/antigen complexes on cancer cells induces the TCR/CD3-mediated signal transduction pathway and stimulates the release of specific toxins (perforin and granzyme) for cancer elimination [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. (jci.org)
  • Chronic T-cell exhaustion is marked by the progressive upregulation of coinhibitory receptors, PD-1 being one of the most prominent, but also other coregulated receptors such as LAG-3 ( 4, 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • IDO2 is produced in a very limited type of tissues as kidney, liver or antigen presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The metabolic activities of proliferating human tissues which concern nucleic acid synthesis and the cell cycle are being examined by high resolution autoradiography following the incorporation of labeled nucleic acid precursors. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Quantitative information on cell population kinetics in normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic tissues of the larynx from over 160 patients is presented, and the experimental data are discussed in terms of relationships of cell cycle times, proliferative capacities, and growth rates of human cell populations in vivo. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Extracellular vesicle DNA from human melanoma tissues contains cancer-specific mutations. (gu.se)
  • LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. (jci.org)
  • When contouring is completed, the radiation oncologist uses the planning software to target the radiotherapy beam to the tumor while trying to spare normal tissues from irradiation as much as possible. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
  • However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumors and complex tissues consist of mixtures of communicating cells that differ significantly in their gene expression status. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins can be used as reporters to elucidate components of operational mRNA networks and operons involved in regulating cell-type specific gene expression in tissues and tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages are emerging as major cellular factors in the tumor ecosystem that can influence the stem phenotype and cancer progression. (nature.com)
  • It is within the cell-autonomous context that ST6GAL1 involvement in cancer progression has been interpreted. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms, which are poorly understood, are also believed to contribute to disease progression and the heterogeneous genetic mutations with diverse presentations. (nature.com)
  • PSA testing not only helps identify men in whom a prostate biopsy would be appropriate but also assists in assessing the response to therapy, determining tumor progression, and, in its most controversial role, screening for prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, microcirculatory physiologists studied the essential transport functions of lymphatic vessels in removing fluid, molecules, and cells after leaking from blood vessels in the periphery and before returning them to the blood circulation. (jci.org)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Cytotoxins (perforin and granzyme) and cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) were dramatically released from the BsAb-armed T cells after engaging cancer cells, resulting in a remarkable anti-cancer efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, melphalan efficacy is variable in the clinical population, especially in relapsed and refractory MM, and is also implicated in various toxicities, including severe mucositis and myelosuppression. (snmjournals.org)
  • In a humanized mouse non-small cell lung carcinoma model, TSR-033 boosted the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 monotherapy, with a concomitant increase in immune activation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Non-viral engineering of NK cells using MaxCyte ® mRNA electroporation provides significant benefits including high efficiency and low toxicity as well as clinical scalability enabling rapid development of novel adoptive cell therapy approaches. (maxcyte.com)
  • The simulations indicate that to preclude resistance, antiviral drugs must be strong enough and act fast enough to drive the viral population below a threshold level. (cdc.gov)
  • In retrospect, the fact that cancer was viewed as a genetic disease for so long was likely an artifact of focus and technology: Chromosomal changes began to be detectable before we understood epigenetics at a molecular level, and the early focus on familial cancer and rapidly induced viral tumors favored the discovery of mutational carcinogenesis, which has largely colored our views over the past three decades ( 3, 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances-rather than suppresses-immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. (frontiersin.org)
  • We studied the effects of restoring miR122 expression in a distinctive cell line derived from human HCC-BCLC9 cells-with a solid stem-like cell profile, high tumor initiating ability and undetectable miR122 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Moreover, it will investigate whether combined TSPO PET and FET PET imaging can delineate tumor borders more reliably than structural MRI and whether an increased TSPO PET signal is associated with aggressive tumor features in heterogeneous gliomas. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Graft-versus-host reaction occurs when donor immune cells recognize disparate host antigens. (medscape.com)
  • Immunologists recognized the importance of lymphatic vessels as channels for leukocyte trafficking from peripheral sites to their draining LNs ( 4 - 6 ), and as conduits for soluble antigens that can be taken up directly by LN-resident B cells and immature DCs ( 7 - 10 ), which help regulate the kinetics of antigen presentation. (jci.org)
  • The lymphatic vessels and secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are arranged in a manner that optimizes interactions among antigens, APCs, and innate and adaptive effector cells. (jci.org)
  • To understand the role of qualitative differences in multidrug chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in virus remission and drug resistance, we designed a mathematical system that models HIV multidrug chemotherapy including uninfected CD4+ T cells, infected CD4+ T cells, and virus populations. (cdc.gov)
  • NK cells play a pivotal role in rapid and highly efficient cancer surveillance and represent a promising avenue for adoptive cell transfer either as a mono- or combination immunotherapy. (maxcyte.com)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Various immunotherapy tumor-targeting schemes. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Collectively, the BsAb-armed T cell technology represents a simple, time-saving, and highly safe method to generate highly pure cancer-specific effector T cells, thereby providing an affordable T cell immunotherapy to patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • While increased CD16 expression was transient in nature, this may not negatively impact the therapeutic potential of engineered NK cells due to the short persistence of adoptively transferred NK cells. (maxcyte.com)
  • Reestablishing miR122 expression is a promising therapeutic strategy that would work concurrently reducing tumor aggressiveness and decreasing disease recurrence. (oncotarget.com)
  • In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. (hindawi.com)
  • Autologous graft versus host disease (GVHD) involving the skin of a patient's arm shortly after showing signs of engraftment after an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant for ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In the last decade, the availability of autologous stem cell transplantation and combination therapies consisting of immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and other chemotherapeutics has improved median 5-y survival from 34.6% in 2004 to 49.6% in 2013 ( 3 , 4 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Mechanistically, stemness is induced in non-stem cancer cells upon their direct contact with macrophages via Notch-Jagged signaling. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, macrophages were shown to contribute to a niche that can support and maintain a breast CSC (BCSC) phenotype through heterotypic CD90/EphA4 signaling between macrophage and tumor cell 14 . (nature.com)
  • In mammary gland development, Notch-dependent heterotypic signaling between resident tissue macrophages and mammary stem cells supports survival and function of the normal mammary stem cell 20 . (nature.com)
  • Specifically, demonstrate efficient expression of high-affinity CD16 in NK cells with minimal effects on cell viability and phenotype using mRNA electroporation and assess the effects of CD16-158V expression on rituximab - mediated cytotoxic activity against B cell lymphoma cells. (maxcyte.com)
  • In vitro cytotoxic activity against rituximab-coated CD20+ B cell lymphoma cells of CD16-engineered or non-engineered NK cells was assessed 24 hours post electroporation. (maxcyte.com)
  • Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Isoforms of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) have distinct effects on mammary epithelial cells. (famri.org)
  • It was also shown that inhibition of the p16 tumour suppressor gene delays growth arrest and therefore senescence of MSC [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Engineered NK cells had an enhanced ability to mediate ADCC as measured both via NK cell degranulation (CD107a expression, Figure 2A) and specific lysis of B cell lymphoma cells ( 51 Cr release assay, Figure 2B). (maxcyte.com)
  • The SP142 assay was better at identifying 22C3 positive tumors than the 22C3 assay was at detecting SP142 positive tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Prevaccination and 1-month-postvaccination sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against 4 cell culture propagated vaccine reference viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)
  • Cellular senescence, which is morphologically characterized by an enlarged and flattened cell shape, was first described by Hayflick [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, Abedin and King showed that FGF-2 suppresses the cellular senescence of human MSCs [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Quantitative extrapolation from experimental data to the human situation is not undertaken. (who.int)
  • Finally, our study adds further support in challenging the common misconception that PAM50 subtypes are distinct classes by illustrating that PAM50 subtypes in tumors represent a continuum with prognostic implications. (bvsalud.org)
  • The group profiled 33 000 cells and identified 6 LEC subtypes. (biocenter.fi)
  • The QSP model included a VPA population pharma-cokinetics model that allowed the prediction of total and unbound concentrations after single and multiple oral doses considering its saturable binding to plasma proteins. (unav.edu)
  • Cabergoline is moderately bound (40% to 42%) to human plasma proteins in a concentration-independent manner. (drugs.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that RNA-binding proteins can be used to isolate mRNA populations representing total cell mRNA from specific types of cells, as well as discrete mRNA subpopulations that represent post-transcriptionally regulated subsets of mRNAs that encode functionally related proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our lab has devised biochemical and immunological approaches to gene expression profiling by using RNA-binding proteins as reporters of discrete mRNA subsets in metazoan cells [ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, we identified subpopulations of mRNAs that are associated with ELAV/Hu RNA-binding proteins that are expressed in specific cell types [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While we and other labs have demonstrated the isolation of mRNA subsets that are potentially co-regulated using RNA binding proteins as reporters of gene expression, methods have not been described that provide information about coordinated posttranscriptional regulation within specific types of cells during tumorigenesis and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, because many different mRNA-binding proteins in specific cell types are known to interact with unique subpopulations of mRNAs encoding functionally related proteins [ 9 - 15 ] they can be informative of the dynamic effects of cells on one another. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ali MA, Choy H, Habib AA, Saha D. SNS-032 prevents tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. (famri.org)
  • Boosani CS, Mannam AP, Cosgrove D, Silva R, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Keshamouni VG, Sudhakar A. Regulation of COX-2 mediated signaling by alpha3 type IV noncollagenous domain in tumor angiogenesis. (famri.org)
  • Monitoring the dynamics of gene expression in each cell type of a tumor during angiogenesis will advance understanding of tumorigenesis as well as organogenesis, in general. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it will be necessary to assess changes in gene expression that occur when cells such as tumor cells and endothelial cells interact in order to understand growth control and critical processes such as angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aggressive breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of distinct cell-intrinsic genetic alterations in mammary epithelial cells, leading to vastly heterogenic disease manifestation in individual patients and predominantly affecting patient prognosis and treatment options [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
  • Melanin pigment has a significant role in ocular pharmacokinetics, because many drugs bind at high extent to melanin in the retinal pigment epithelial cells. (biocenter.fi)
  • C57BL/KaLwRij mice were implanted subcutaneously with unilateral murine green fluorescent protein-expressing 5TGM1 tumors and divided into 3 independent groups: untreated, treated beginning week 2 after tumor implantation, and treated beginning week 3 after tumor implantation. (snmjournals.org)
  • TNF-alpha generally inhibits the growth of primitive murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (Lin-Scal+) in response to multiple cytokine combinations, and the p75 TNF receptor is essential in signaling such inhibition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Endogenous biomolecules (such as lactate dehydrogenase) or previously added exogenous labels (such as the radioisotope 51Cr) that leak into the media are then measured as an indirect readout of the damage caused by effector cells. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Other established methods, such as flow cytometry, can then provide extra data regarding immune cell phenotype, activation, and function. (technologynetworks.com)
  • However, most effector T cells generated using these established cultivation methods lack cancer specificity [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we addressed feeder cell-free expansion methods using common γ-chain cytokines, especially IL-15 and IL-21. (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods have been devised to generate mRNA samples from specific types of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her findings were facilitated by the BF Genomic-wide methods and BF Bioinformatics Platforms and provide valuable new information with potential to help improving human health and prevent diseases. (biocenter.fi)
  • Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)
  • METHODS: In a randomized trial of immunogenicity of quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18-64 years over two consecutive seasons, HCP who received recombinant-hemagglutinin (RIV) or cell-culture-based vaccine (ccIIV) during the first season (Y1) were re-randomized the second season of 2019-2020 (Y2) to receive ccIIV or RIV, resulting in four ccIIV-RIV combinations. (cdc.gov)
  • Its expression has been found in several cancers, gastric, colon or renal tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In breast cancers from patients, the density of TMEM doorways correlates with the proportion of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers, indicating that in human breast cancer TMEM doorways are not only cancer cell intravasation portals but also CSC programming sites. (nature.com)
  • The sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 that adds α2-6 linked sialic acids to N-glycans of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is prominently associated with many human cancers. (nature.com)
  • Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Metabolic tumor volume, total lesion avidity, SUV max , and total uptake were calculated for both tracers. (snmjournals.org)
  • Uptake of 11 C-5-HTP, and its specificity for key enzymes in the serotonergic metabolic pathway, was assessed in vitro (INS-1 and PANC1 cells and human islet and exocrine preparations) and in vivo (nonhuman primates and healthy and diabetic rats). (snmjournals.org)
  • 11 C-5-HTP is currently in clinical use for localization of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) ( 7 , 8 ) because of the high uptake in these lesions due to the proposed amine precursor uptake and decarboxylase mechanism. (snmjournals.org)
  • Cutaneous tumors encompass a vast array of malignancies, from neuroendocrine to lymphoid. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we employ high-resolution intravital microscopy using a CSC biosensor to directly observe CSCs in live mice with mammary tumors. (nature.com)
  • Notably, the BsAb-armed T cells did not cause obvious cytokine release syndrome or tissue toxicity in SCID mice bearing human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ex vivo expanded NK cells electroporated with mRNA encoding the high-affinity Fc receptor, CD16-158V, demonstrated a significant increase in CD16 surface expression (Figure 1A). (maxcyte.com)
  • Ex vivo expanded NK cells were electroporated with mRNA (4 µg/10 6 NK cells) encoding the high-affinity, CD16-158V Fc receptor. (maxcyte.com)
  • There were no significant associations between CDK2AP1 expression and estrogen receptor status, tumour grade and tumour type. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the present study we show the reverse phenomenon in that TNF-alpha on the same progenitor cell population in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-7 (IL-7) through the p55 TNF receptor can recruit additional progenitors to proliferate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen doses may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, these rare cutaneous tumors are often difficult to diagnose based solely on the physical examination findings, and the proper diagnosis relies on excisional biopsy with histologic studies. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. (cdc.gov)
  • In Y2, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers against reference cell-grown vaccine viruses were compared in each ccIIV-RIV group with titers among HCP randomized both seasons to receive egg-based, standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), using geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of Y2-post-vaccination titers. (cdc.gov)
  • CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. (nature.com)
  • CD16 expression correlated with the concentration of CD16-158V mRNA used during electroporation and ranged from a 2-fold increase using 1 µg/10 6 NK cells up to a 3-fold increase using 8 µg/10 6 NK cells (data not shown). (maxcyte.com)
  • Augmented ADCC persisted for 3 days post electroporation, correlating with the kinetics of increased CD16 expression as well as the concentration of CD16-158V mRNA used for electroporation. (maxcyte.com)
  • Our objective was to determine if CDK2AP1 mRNA expression levels were consistent with tumour-suppressive functions in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature to examine the mRNA expression of CDK2AP1 in human breast cancer over a long-term follow-up period. (cancerindex.org)
  • In order to understand how different cell types influence one another's gene expression, it will be necessary to monitor the mRNA profiles of each cell type independently and to dissect the mechanisms that regulate their gene expression outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that the epitope-tagged RNA binding protein, PABP, expressed separately in tumor cells and endothelial cells can be used to discriminate their respective mRNA targets from mixtures of these cells without significant mRNA reassortment or exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
  • tein, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule mRNA were also increased in olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
  • High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
  • To do this we used a population-representative and clinically annotated early-stage breast tumor cohort of 6233 samples profiled by RNA sequencing and applied a perturbation strategy of excluding co-expressed genes (gene sets). (bvsalud.org)
  • BCLC9-miR122 cells down-regulate expression of MYC, KLF4, FOXM1, AKT2 and AKT3 genes and up-regulate FOXO1 and FOXO3A gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Moreover, using this approach we identify a set of endothelial genes that respond to the presence of co-cultured breast tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose that these represent genes whose regulation is important for tumor growth and maintenance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the simple thermal effect can be demonstrated using in vitro experiments, the evident clinical outcomes are not clearly observable. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • NK cells were isolated from healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD16-158F/F donors) and expanded ex vivo for 11-15 days with irradiated EBV-SMI-LCL cells. (maxcyte.com)
  • In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IDO2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, miR122 transfected cells decreased AKT2 kinase activation while decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3A protein inactivation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Reduction in tumor size in BCLC9-miR122 associated with an increase in p38MAPK protein expression and activation leading to a low phospho-ERK1/2 to phospho-p38 ratio. (oncotarget.com)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this study, we define a model system for using poly (A) binding protein (PABP) to recover mRNAs from specific cell-types in mixed cell cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Jose, J. In Vitro and in Silico Evaluation of Bikaverin as a Potent Inhibitor of Human Protein Kinase CK2. (biocenter.fi)
  • We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role during metastasis, but the dynamic behavior and induction mechanisms of CSCs are not well understood. (nature.com)
  • The study provides comprehensive characterization of LEC heterogeneity and reveals a previously undefined role for medullary LECs in human immunity with implications to cancer metastasis. (biocenter.fi)
  • Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). (jci.org)
  • A breakthrough study by Prof Sirpa Jalkanen and collaborators examines the role of lymphatic vessels with focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). (biocenter.fi)
  • Cells have built in machinery to turn off and on gene expression permanently. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, the gene expression profile of a whole tumor corresponds to the combined profiles of the different cell types contained within it (e.g. endothelial cells, T-cells, cancer cells, stromal cells, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using this approach, we were able to determine how the gene expression profiles of endothelial cells change in response to the presence of breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, the behavior of almost all immune cell populations in the bloodstream is altered in some way during and after exercise ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) themselves have been shown to play active roles in controlling their transport functions and in directly communicating with immune cells to modulate their immediate and downstream functions. (jci.org)
  • Academician Sirpa Jalkanen discovered a previously undefined role for medullary lymphatic endothelial cells in human immunity. (biocenter.fi)
  • In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • When a patient is referred for radiotherapy, the veterinary radiation oncologist reviews the biopsy results, performs a physical examination, reviews any images, and localizes the anatomy of the tumor to be treated before performing a computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient and the anatomic area affected. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
  • After the CT scan is imported into the radiotherapy planning system, the radiation oncologist contours (draws) the tumor and normal anatomy using planning software. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
  • CAR comprises an extracellular, cancer-specific antibody fused with the intracellular signaling activation domains of CD3 and co-activation ligands, such as CD28 or 4-1BB [ 17 , 18 ], which provide engineered T cells with an MHC‐independent mechanism through which to kill cancer cells directly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Antibody responses to non-egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 g hemagglutinin (HA)/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 g HA/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Results of in vitro studies demonstrate that cabergoline exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the secretion of prolactin by rat pituitary lactotrophs. (drugs.com)
  • Most of these transcriptomic studies monitor the steady state levels of expressed mRNAs in order to derive the "molecular signatures" of tumors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Future work will explore additional MM cell lines with heterogeneous LAT1 expression and response to melphalan therapy. (snmjournals.org)
  • Cancer-specific adoptive T cell therapy has achieved successful milestones in multiple clinical treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
  • Future interventions may consider expanding low avidity populations via vaccination or adoptive transfer. (bmj.com)
  • published a study in Scientific Reports using ARPE-19 cells internalized with melanosomes to study drug uptake. (biocenter.fi)
  • The impact of this non-canonical extrinsic mechanism of ST6GAL1 on tumor cell pathobiology is not known. (nature.com)
  • Tumor persistence leads to sustained exposure of T cells to neoantigens-this results in repeated cycles of activation which culminate in a state of severe T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, characterized by distinct epigenetic and transcriptional profiles ( 1-3 ). (aacrjournals.org)